托福雅思阅读高频学术词汇(背诵版)

使用说明
单词
音标
词性
中文
同义词
collapse [kə'læps]v./n.倒坍;瓦解 select [si'lekt] v.选择choose
ministry ['ministri] n.部attain [ə'tein]
v.达到;获得 obtain attribute [ə'tribju:t, 'ætribju:t] v./ n. 把...归因于/性质 credit to participate [pɑ:'tisipeit]v.参加
significant [sig'nifikənt] n.有意义的;重要的important item ['aitəm] n.条款;条label ['leibl]n.标签;标记symbol ['simbəl] n.象征;符号criterion [krai'tiəriən]n.标准 standard crucial ['kru:ʃəl] a.决定性的important/critical culture ['kʌltʃə]n.文化;修养currency ['kərənsi]n.货币cycle ['saikl]n.循环;周期data ['deitə]n.数据
ultimate ['ʌltimət] a.最终的;根本的eventual vehicle ['viːɪk(ə)l]n.车辆motor reluctance [ri'lʌktəns] n.勉强unwillingness precede [pri:'si:d, pri-]v.先于;优先于prior proceed [prəu'si:d]v.继续进行continue transfer [træns'fə:]v./n.转移;换车;调动shift encounter [in'kauntə]v./n. 遇到meet labor ['leibə]n./v.劳动assign
[ə'sain]
v.
指定;分配
allocate 托福雅思阅读高频学术词汇（背诵版）
List 1
1.本次表包括10个list，每组57个单词；
2.掌握目标：发音、词性、中文、同义词（基础弱可从第二遍开始背诵同义词）；同义词来自于托福雅思阅读中常见同义词转化；
3.请在背诵完24小时内，用复习版检测掌握程度
normal['nɔ:məl] a.正常的;正规的formal
drama['drɑ:mə, dræmə] n.戏剧
compute[kəm'pju:t]v.计算calculate
scheme[ski:m] v./n.计划 /方案;诡计proposed plan
analogy[ə'nælədʒi] a.类似;比拟;类推
ambiguous[æm'biɡjuəs] a.模棱两可的
integrate['intiɡreit, 'intiɡrit, -ɡreit] v.使结合combine/synthesize
job[dʒɔb]n.工作
technique[tek'ni:k]n.技术;技巧skill
restrict [ri'strikt] v.限制restrain
income['inkʌm]n.收入
whereas[hwεə'æz] conj.而while
commission[kə'miʃən]n.委员会;委托;委托书;佣金
deduce[di'dju:s]v.演绎
incidence['insidəns]n.发生occurence
design [di'zain]n./v.设计/设计;图案
clarify['klærifai] v.阐明
highlight['hailait]n./v.精华/强调emphasize
entity ['entəti] n.实体
decade['dekeid]n.十年
decline[di'klain]n./v.下倾;衰退diminish/decrease/reduce practitioner[præk'tiʃənə] n.从业人员，实践者
consequent ['kɔnsi,kwənt] a.作为结果的
minimize['minimaiz]v.使最小化
interact['intərækt]v.相互作用interplay
restrain[ri'strein] v.抑制
devote[di'vəut] v.致力;为...献身
commit[kə'mit] v.犯罪
define[di'fain]v.给...下定义;明确
comment['kɔment] n./v.评论;注释
ratio['reiʃiəu, -ʃəu]n.比proportion/rate
device[di'vais] n.装置;设计
List 2
notion['nəuʃən]n.概念;想法conception
underlie[,ʌndə'lai]v.是...的基础base on
mechanism['mekənizəm]n.机制
distribute[di'stribju:t, 'dis-]v.分发;分配;分布allocate
release[ri'li:s]v./n.释放/公布free
persist[pə'sist, -'zist]v.坚持;持续insist
intense[in'tens] a.强烈的fierce/extreme proportion[prəˈpɔːʃ(ə)n]]n.比例;相称percentage
prospect['prɔspekt]n./v.前景/勘探outlook
illustrate['iləstreit]v. 举例说明;图解demonstrate
couple['kʌpl]n.两个;夫妇 pair
facilitate[fə'siliteit]v.使容易;促进ease/support/promote constrain[kən'strein]v.限制;强制 restrict/limit furthermore['fə:ðəmɔ:]ad.此外besides/moreover conceive[kən'si:v]v.构思;怀胎;认为 consider
task[tɑ:sk, tæsk]n.任务duty/assignment initial[i'niʃəl] a./n.最初的/首字母 primary
primary['praiməri] a.初级的;主要的original
prime[praim] a./n.首要的/全盛时期chief
capable['keipəbl] a.能够;有能力的able
sequence['si:kwəns]n.顺序;连续order/succession ideology[,aidi'ɔlədʒi, ,idi-] n.思想体系;意识形态notion
implement['implimənt, 'impliment] n./v.工具/贯彻tool/conduct
retain[ri'tein]v.保持;保留remain
sphere[sfiə]n.球;领域globe
bulk[bʌlk] n.体积;主体volume
conduct ['kɔndʌkt, kən'dʌkt]n./v.行为/实施;指挥;导电carry out
impact['impækt, im'pækt]n.碰撞;撞;影响influence/effect abandon [ə'bændən]v.放弃;抛弃discard/give up technology[tek'nɔlədʒi]n.技术skill
goal[ɡəul]n.目标aim/target
quote[kwəut, kəut]v.引用cite
trace[treis]n./v.痕迹 追踪track
immigrate ['imiɡreit] v.移民入境migrate into compensate['kɔmpenseit]v.补偿 make up for infrastructure['infrə,strʌktʃə]n.基础设施
simulate['simjuleit]v.假装;模仿immitate/mimic philosophy[fi'lɔsəfi, fə-] n.哲学
passive['pæsiv] a.被动的;消极的pessimistic issue['iʃju:, 'isju:] n./v.问题/发行event/release complex['kɔmpleks] a.复杂的 complicated successor[sək'sesə]n.继任者heir
theme[θi:m]n.主题topic
secure[si'kjuə] a./v.安全的/获得safe
access['ækses, 'æksəs, æk'ses]n.接近;入口entry
isolate['aisəleit, -lit] v.隔离;孤立
economy[i'kɔnəmi]n.经济;节约finance nevertheless[,nevəðə'les]ad.然而nonetheless compile[kəm'pail]v.编纂codify/coin site[sait]n.地点;场所location energy['enədʒi]n.精力;能量spirits
topic['tɔpik]n.话题subject
vary['vεəri]v.变化;使多样化change
react[ri'ækt, ri:-]v.反应response consume[kən'sju:m]v.消耗;消费spend
aid [eid]v./n.帮助/帮助;助手assist coherent [kəu'hiərənt] a.一致的;连贯的 consistent
List 3
consult [kɔn'sʌlt, 'kɔnsʌlt]v.商量;咨询;查阅counsel overall['əuvərɔ:l,,əuvə'rɔ:l] a.总体的all
output['autput, ,aut'put]n.产量;输出yield minimum ['miniməm]n./a.最小量/ 最小的smallest benefit ['benifit] n./v.利益;津贴/有利于;获益 interest overlap [,əuvə'læp, 'əuvəlæp]v.重叠stack
globe[ɡləub]n.球;地球
formula ['fɔ:mjulə]n.公式equation
complement['kɔmplimənt]v.&n.补充 add qualitative ['kwɔlitətiv, -tei-] a.质的;定性的
somewhat ['sʌmhwɔt, -hwət]ad.有点 a bit/little journal ['dʒə:nəl]n.杂志magazine parallel['pærəlel] a./v.平行的/使平行paralleled series ['siəri:z, -riz] n.系列set recover[ri'kʌvə]v.恢复;挽回
reject [ri'dʒekt]v.拒绝refuse instruct [in'strʌkt] v.教;指导teach paragraph['pærəɡrɑ:f, -ɡræf]n. 段落 section instance['instəns] n.例子 example contemporary[kən'tempərəri] a./n.当代的/同代人up-to-date colleague['kɔli:ɡ]n.同事 workmate institute['institjut,-tu:t]n./v.研究所;学院/设立 academy expert['ekspə:t,ek'spə:t]n./a.专家/熟练的specialist expand [ik'spænd]v.扩大;膨胀 enlarge involve [in'vɔlv]v.使卷入
erode [i'rəud]v.腐蚀corrode ignorance ['iɡnərəns]n.无知;不知道unwidsom consist [kən'sist] v.由...组成 compose intelligence [in'telidʒəns]n.智力;情报mentality brief [bri:f] a.简短的 short
convince [kən'vins] v.使确信ensure panel ['pænl] n.专门小组;面板
process['prəuses,'prɔ-]n./v.过程/加工 procedure denote [di'nəut] v.表示express
military ['militəri] a.军事的martial
estate [i'steit]n.房地产;财产property source [sɔ:s] n.源;来源origin assume[ə'sju:m, ə'su:m]v.假设;认为;承担;呈现 consider demonstrate ['demənstreit] v.表明;演示;示威 show obtain [əb'tein, ɔb-]v.获得gain hypothesis [hai'pɔθisis]n.假设;假说assumption
research [ri'sə:tʃ, 'ri:s-] n.研究study
convert [kən'və:t]v.转化transfer
rational ['ræʃənəl] a.理性的;合理的resonable
obvious ['ɔbviəs] a.明显的apparent
motive ['məutiv]n./a.动机/运动的motivation
annual ['ænjuəl] a./n.每年的/年鉴 yearly
regulate ['reɡjuleit] v.调整adjust
register['redʒistə]n.&v./ n.登记;注册;/挂号登记簿 enroll
region['ri:dʒən] n.地区;领域 area
assess [ə'ses]v.对...估价;评价 evaluate differentiate[,difə'renʃieit] v.区分distinguish aggregate ['æɡriɡət, 'æɡriɡeit] a./n./v.总的/总计/总计 overall
technical ['teknikəl] a.技术的technological approach [ə'prəutʃ] v./n.靠近/方法 method
despite [di'spait] prep.尽管in spite of/although emphasis ['emfəsis] n.强调stress
option['ɔpʃən]n.选择choice/selection
List 4
orient['ɔ:riənt]n./v.东方/给...定位east
outcome ['autkʌm] n.结果 result/consequence alter ['ɔ:ltə] v.改变change/vary/modify subsidy['sʌbsidi] n.补助;津贴allowance substitute['sʌbstitju:t]n./v.代替者/代替replace
indicate ['indikeit] v.表明imply
individual[indi'vidjuəl]n./a.个人/单个的;独特的separate
respond [ri'spɔnd]v.回答;响应replay
predict[pri'dikt] v.预言foretell commodity [kə'mɔditi] n.日用，商品good
tape [teip] v./n.捆;录(磁带)/带子;磁带record
target ['tɑ:ɡit]n.靶子;目标aim
resource [ri'sɔ:s] n.资源;谋略
establish [i'stæbliʃ] v.建立;确立set up
display [,dis'plei] v./n.展览;显示exhibit
minor ['mainə] a./n./v.次要的/辅修专业/辅修secondary
specific [spi'sifik] a.具体的;特有的particular
albeit [ɔ:l'bi:it]conj.虽然though/although stress[stres]n./v.压力;重音/强调pressure
overseas ['əuvə'si:z] ad./a.海外abroad communicate [kə'mju:nikeit] v.通信;交流convey
supplement['sʌplimənt]n./v.增刊;补遗/增补;补充 addition
survey[sə:'vei]v./n.测量;调查/测量;调查research
reinforce [,ri:in'fɔ:s]v.增援;加强enhance/strenghthen trigger['triɡə]v./n.引发/板机cause/produce inspect[in'spekt] v.检查;视察examine/review considerable [kən'sidərəbl] a.相当的，显著的marked
academy [ə'kædəmi] n.研究院;学院;学会college
invest[in'vest]v.投资
regime[rei'ʒi:m] n.政权;制度authority
remove[ri'mu:v] v.移开;搬迁;消除pare away concentrate ['kɔnsəntreit] v.集中;浓缩 focus
maintain [mein'tein]v.维持;维修
major['meidʒə] a./n./v.主要的/专业crucial
contact['kɔntækt] n./v.接触/联系touch
amend[ə'mend] v.修订;改过自新 repair
temporary ['tempərəri] a.暂时的;临时的transitory
interpret [in'tə:prit] v.解释;口译
mutual['mju:tʃuəl] a.相互的;共同的corporate
transmit[trænz'mit] v.传播;传递
confirm [kən'fə:m] v.证实
explicit[ik'splisit] a.明晰的;详述的;直率的precise/specific exploit['eksplɔit]v./n.剥削;利用;开采/功绩utilize
export[ik'spɔ:t]v./n.出口/出口;出口商品 output
expose [ik'spəuz]v. 暴露;揭露;使接触unwrap
sector['sektə]n.扇形;部门division/department commence [kə'mens]v.开始begin/start summary ['sʌməri]n./a.概要/概括的overview
credit ['kredit]n.信用;学分;功劳
policy ['pɔlisi] n.政策programm portion['pɔ:ʃən]n./v.部分;份/分part
pose[pəuz]v./n.摆姿势;提出/姿势
similar['similə] a.相似的alike accommodate [ə'kɔmədeit] v.容纳;给...提供住宿contain manipulate[mə'nipjuleit] v.操作;操纵control manual['mænjuəl] a./n.手的;体力的/手册mechanic feature ['fi:tʃə]n.特征;容貌characteristic
List 5
lecture ['lektʃə] v./n.讲课/讲座speech
transit ['trænsit]n.通过;运输;过渡carriage devote [di'vəut]v.致力;为...献身commit allocate ['æləukeit]v.分派apporiate transport[træns'pɔ:t] n.&v.运输traffic
trend[trend]n.趋势tendency inherent [in'hiərənt] a.固有的native paradigm ['pærədim]n.范例exemplification mode [məud]n.模式way environment [in'vaiərənmənt] n.环境conditions integral['intiɡrəl] a.整体的whole
ensure[in'ʃuə]v.保证assure
grade[ɡreid]n.等级;年级;成绩 degree appreciate [ə'pri:ʃieit] v.欣赏;感激enjoy
offer
grant[ɡrɑ:nt,ɡrænt]n./v.授予物;拨款;助学金 /授予
element ['elimənt]n.元素;要素 factor capacity [kə'pæsəti]n.容量;潜在能力 ability principal ['prinsəpəl]n./a.校长/主要的main convene [kən'vi:n]v.召集assemble reverse [ri'və:s]v./n.颠倒 /相反;背面opposite section ['sekʃən]n.部分;截面region
core [kɔ:]n.核心heart principle ['prinsəpl]n.原则theory
previous ['pri:vjəs] a.先前的preceding error ['erə] n.错误mistake strategy ['strætidʒi]n.战略;策略tactic period ['pɪərɪəd] n.时期;句号circle evaluate [i'væljueit] v.对...估价;评价value category['kætiɡəri] n.种类;范畴 kind
chart[tʃɑ:t] n./v.图表 /制图表 graph cease [si:s] n./v .停止 stop violate['vaiəleit] v.违犯act against author ['ɔ:θə]n.作者writer impose [im'pəuz]v.征(税);强加force diverse [dai'və:s, di-] a.多样的various assemble [ə'sembl]v.集合gather factor ['fæktə]n.因素;因子element diminish [di'miniʃ]v.减少decrease whereby [hwεə'bai] ad.由此
occupy ['ɔkjupai] v.占据conquer conform [kən'fɔ:m]v. 遵守;符合 agree guarantee [,ɡærən'ti:] n.&v.保证ensure legal ['li:ɡəl] a.合法的;法律的legitimate submit[səb'mit]v.服从;提交yield
subordinate[sə'bɔ:dineit] a./ n.下级的;从属的/部下secondary subsequent ['sʌbsikwənt] a.随后的following classic ['klæsik] n./a.名著 /古典的
thereby [,ðεə'bai, 'ðεəbai]ad.从而
specify ['spesəfai, -si-] v.指定;详细说明articulate minimal ['miniməl] a.最小的
adjust [ə'dʒʌst]v.调整;修改 adapt
input['input] v.&n.输入intake insert[in'sə:t,'insə:t] v.&n.插入 /插页
investigate [in'vestiɡeit]v.调查inspect offset[,ɔf'set,,ɔ:-,'ɔfset,'ɔ:-]n./ v.分支/抵消 balance psychology[psai'kɔlədʒi] n. 心理学
correspond [,kɔ:ri'spɔnd] v.通信;符合;对应agree
List 6
volume['vɔlju:m] n.卷,册;体积;额;音量capacity
fee [fi:]n.费fare
voluntary ['vɔləntəri] ad.自愿的purposeful norm[nɔ:m] n.标准standard insight ['insait] n.洞察力;见识perception emerge [i'mə:dʒ]v.出现appear external [ik'stə:nəl] a.外部的exterior
extract[ik'strækt,'ekstrækt]v./n.取出;榨取/摘录
enormous[i'nɔ:məs] a.巨大的;大量的tremendous unify['ju:nifai]v.统一
document['dɔkjumənt, 'dɔkjument]n./v.文件/引证file
domain[dəu'mein]n.领域;域;版图area
status['steitəs, 'stæ-]n.地位position arbitrary['ɑ:bitrəri] a.任意的;专断的
intervene[,intə'vi:n] v.干预interfere
bond[bɔnd] n.纽带;债券 alliance
initiate [i'niʃieit, i'niʃiət, -eit] v.开始;启蒙start;enlightened definite ['definit] a.明确的
duration[djuə'reiʃən]n.持续时间continuance hierarchy['haiə,rɑ:ki] n.等级制度
authority[ɔ:'θɔrəti] n.当局;权威;权力
conflict [kən'flikt, 'kɔnflikt]n./v.冲突
visual['vizjuəl] a.视觉的optical
method ['meθəd] n.方法
apparent [ə'pærənt] a.明显的evident
reveal[ri'vi:l] v.显示;告诉expose accumulate [ə'kju:mjuleit] v.积累
widespread['waid'spred] a.普遍的
discrete[dis'kri:t] a.分离的
acquire [ə'kwaiə] v.获得gain
mental['mentəl] a.精神的;脑力的
enforce[in'fɔ:s] v.实施;强制impose tense[tens]n./a.时态/绷紧的strain
modify ['mɔdifai] v.修改;修饰 change;alter monitor['mɔnitə]n./v.班长;显示器/监视
image['imidʒ] n.像;图像;形象picture revolution [,revə'lu:ʃən] n.革命;旋转
style[stail] n.风格mode
odd[ɔd] a.奇怪的;奇数的;临时的
scope[skəup]n.范围range survive[sə'vaiv] v. 幸存come through civil ['sivəl] a.公民的;国内的;民用的
network['netwə:k]n.网络web
enable[i'neibl]v.使能够
pursue[pə'sju:, -'su:]v.追;追求;从事go after guideline ['ɡaidlain]n.方针
induce[in'dju:s, in'du:s]v.劝诱;导致 stimulate challenge['tʃælindʒ]n.挑战
confer[kən'fə:]v.授予;协商
assist[ə'sist]v.帮助 help
restore [ri'stɔ:]v.恢复;归还recover dispose[dis'pəuz]v.处置
neutral['nju:trəl] a.中立的;中性的
terminate['tə:mineit]v.终止end
utilize['ju:tilaiz]v.利用apply ongoing['ɔn,ɡəuiŋ, 'ɔ:n-]n.进行中的
implicit[im'plisit] a.含蓄的;内含的
List 7
text text [tekst]n.正文,文本
attach [ə'tætʃ] v系;贴;使附加;使依恋
sustain [sə'stein] v保持;忍受
cite [sait] v引用
append [ə'pend] v附上
forthcoming ['fɔ:θ'kʌmiŋ] a即将到来的
imply [im'plai] v暗示suggest/indicate contrary ['kɔntrəri] a/n相反
contribute [kən'tribju:t] v捐献;贡献;投稿
contrast[kən'trɑ:st,-'træst,'kɔntrɑ:st n/v对比
clause [klɔ:z] n条款;从句
empirical [em'pirikəl] n经验的
chapter ['tʃæptə] n章
component [kəm'pəunənt] n/a组成部分/组成的
intrinsic [in'trinsik,-kəl] a内在的
deny [di'nai] v否认
thesis ['θi:sis] n论文;论点
compound ['kɔmpaund, kəm'paund] n/a化合物 /复合的
straightforward [,streit'fɔ:wəd] a坦率的;明确的direct
alternative [ɔ:l'tə:nətiv] n/a替代物/选择的substitute potential[pəu'tenʃəl]a潜在的/潜力
identify [ai'dentifai] v认出;识别recognize
scenario [si'nɑ:riəu, -'næ-, -'nεə-] n剧本;方案
index ['indeks] n索引;指标;指数
positive ['pɔzətiv, -zi-] a肯定的;积极的;正的;阳性的
eliminate [i'limineit] v消灭;消除
abstract ['æbstrækt, æb'strækt] a/n抽象的/摘要
ethnic ['eθnik] n种族的
priority [prai'ɔrəti] n在先;重点
incentive [in'sentiv] n/a刺激
fundamental [,fʌndə'mentəl] a基础的;根本的
migrate [mai'ɡreit, 'maiɡ-] v迁移move
vision ['viʒən] n视力;眼光 sight
maximize ['mæksimaiz] v使最大化
advocate ['ædvəkeit, 'ædvəkət] n/v拥护者/拥护 support/supporter role [rəul] n角色;作用
ethic ['eθik] n伦理moral
precise [pri'sais] a精确的
link [liŋk] v/n连接/链;环节associate/correlate
accurate ['ækjurət] a准确的
aware [ə'wεə] a意识到的
fluctuate ['flʌktjueit] v波动
debate [di'beit] n/v辩论
dynamic [dai'næmik] a有活力的
bias ['baiəs] n偏见;爱好
compatible [kəm'pætəbl] a和睦的;兼容的
adapt [ə'dæpt] v使适应;改编
format ['fɔ:mæt] n格式
liberal['libərəl]a/n自由的;开明的/开明的人
likewise ['laikwaiz] ad同样地
revise [ri'vaiz, 'ri:vaiz] v修订
analyze ['ænəlaiz] v分析
exceed [ik'si:d] v超过
levy['levi]v/n征收/开明的人
physical ['fizikəl] a物质的;身体的;物理的
welfare ['welfεə] n福利
sum[sʌm]n/v总数;金额/总计
List 8
distort [dis'tɔ:t] v歪曲;扭曲
legislate ['ledʒisleit] v为...立法
domestic[dəu'mestik] a.国内的;家庭的national enhance[in'hɑ:ns, -hæns]v.增强improve
generate ['dʒenəreit]v.产生produce
corporate['kɔ:pərit] a公司的company
constitute['kɔnstitju:t]v.构成consist of
final['fainl] a.最后的;决定性的eventually finance[fai'næns]n/v财政;金融/给...提供资金money/sponsor
file['fail]n.档案;文件;documment
justify['dʒʌstifai]v.证明...有理prove
code [kəud]n. 法典;代码;习俗law/cipher/custom virtual ['və:tʃuəl] a.实际上的acually
consent[kən'sent]n/v同意 agreement/concur
cooperate[kəu'ɔpəreit]v.合作collaborate coordinate[kəu'ɔ:dinit,kəu'ɔ:dineit]a/v同等的/使协调organize
integrity[in'teɡrəti] n.诚信;完整honest/intact presume[pri'zju:m, -'zu:m] v.假定assume/suppose preliminary[pri'liminəri]n. 初试;预赛elementary
edit['edit] v.编辑compile predominant[,pri'dɔminənt] a.占优势的;主要的pricipal
require[ri'kwaiə]v.需要;要求request
schedule['ʃədju:əl, -dʒu:əl n.时间表timetable/agenda license ['laisəns]n.执照certificate
injure['indʒə]v.使受伤hurt/harm
prior['praiə] a.在先的before
automate ['ɔ:təmeit]v.使自动化self-working
inevitable [in'evitəbl] a.不可避免的unavoidable
margin['mɑ:dʒin]n页边距;边缘;余地edge
suspend[sə'spend]v.悬挂;推迟hang;delay/postpone intermediate[,intə'mi:djət, -dieit] a.中间的;中级的midst
internal[in'tə:nəl] a.内部的inside
inhibit[in'hibit]v.抑制suppress/repress locate[ləu'keit, 'ləu]v.使位于;找到lie in/find
discriminate[dis'krimineit]v.区别;歧视segregate
flexible['fleksibl] a.易弯曲的;灵活的 bendable
displace[dis'pleis]v.移置;置换replace
found [faund]v.创立;建立create
refine[ri'fain]v.提炼improve
attitude['ætɪtjuːd, -tuːd]n.态度;姿势position
visible ['vizəbl] a.可看见的 noticeable
undergo[,ʌndə'ɡəu]v.经历experience
incline [in'klain]v.使倾斜;使倾向tend to
purchase['pə:tʃəs]n/v购买buy
professional[prəu'feʃənəl]a/n职业的/专业人员expert
behalf[bi'hɑ:f]n.利益interest
converse [kən'və:s] a.相反的opposite
federal['fedərəl] a.联邦的;联盟的government revenue['revənju:, -nu:]n税收tax
route[ru:t, raut]n.路线path
via['vaiə] prep.经由through undertake [,ʌndə'teik]v.接受;从事take over
dimension[di'menʃən, dai-]n.尺寸;维
evolve [i'vɔlv] v.进化;演变develop acknowledge [ək'nɔlidʒ] v.承认;致谢admit
phase [feiz] n.阶段step
radical ['rædikəl] a.基本的;激进的extreme
List 9
mature [mə'tjuə] a./v.成熟fully grown generation[,dʒenə'reiʃən]n.一代;产生
relax[ri'læks] v.使放松feel less tight estimate ['estimeit]v./n.估计evaluate protocol ['prəutəkɔl]n.协议;礼仪aggreement contradict[,kɔntrə'dikt]v.反驳;与...矛盾mutually exlusive accompany[ə'kʌmpəni]v.陪伴;伴随 attendant
finite['fainait] a.有限的 limited
exclude[iks'klu:d]v.排除 delete
exhibit[iɡ'zibit]v./n.显示;展览;展览show
eventual[i'ventʃuəl] a.最后的final
version['və:ʃən]n.译文;说法
perspective[pə'spektiv] n.角度;观点view
distinct[dis'tiŋkt] a.清晰的;独特的;不同的different identical [ai'dentikəl] a.同一的same
evident['evidənt] a.明显的obvious dominate['dɔmineit]v.支配 control
draft[drɑ:ft,dræft]n./v.草稿;起草write
invoke[in'vəuk] v.恳求;实施call for
media ['mi:diə]n.媒体
available [ə'veiləbl] a.可得到的 can be used hence [hens] ad.因此therefore
adequate['ædikwit] a.足够的 sufficient
partner['pɑ:tnə]n.伙伴
implicate ['implikeit] v.暗示;使牵连involved
relevant['reləvənt] a.相关的connected
appropriate[ə'prəuprieit, ə'prəupriət]a.恰当的 proper
theory ['θiəri, 'θi:ə-]n.理论idea
detect[di'tekt] v.发觉;检测discover
nonetheless [,nʌnðə'les]ad.然而however
deviate['di:vieit, 'di:viət] v.背离depart
infer[in'fə:] v.推断surmise
channel['tʃænəl] n.海峡;渠道;频道
conclude[kən'klu:d]v.结束;下结论 result
equip[i'kwip] v.装备
equivalent[i'kwivələnt] a./n.相等的; 等值物equal
focus['fəukəs] v./n.集中; 焦点;焦距concentrate
sufficient[sə'fiʃənt] a.足够的adequate
percent[pə'sent] n.百分之...ratio
unique[ju:'ni:k] a.独一无二的sole
equate [i'kweit] v.使相等;使平等equal
assure [ə'ʃuə]v.向...保证 guarantee
concept['kɔnsept]n.概念 idea
incorporate[in'kɔ:pəreit, in'kɔ:pərət]v.合并include
aspect['æspekt]n.方面;面貌 facet
sex[seks]n.性别;性gender
constant['kɔnstənt] a.不断的 always
rigid['ridʒid] a.刻板的stiff
so-called['səu'kɔ:ld] a.所谓的namely
stable['steibl] a./n.稳定的; 马厩fixed
coincide[,kəuin'said]v.巧合,同时发生 happen at the same time comprise[kəm'praiz] v.包含;构成 include
approximate[ə'prɔksimit] a./v.近似的; 与...近似 almost
statistic[stə'tistik] a.统计的data measuring
gender ['dʒendə] n.性别
context ['kɔntekst]n.上下文;背景
contract['kɔntrækt,kən'trækt]n./ v.合同/收缩
List 10
prohibit [prəu'hibit]v.禁止forbid,ban project['prɔdʒekt,'prəu,prə'dʒekt]n./ v.项目;工程/投射
promote[prəu'məut]v.促进;提升;促销
area ['εəriə] n.地区;面积;领域rigion comprehensive [,kɔmpri'hensiv] a.综合的 thorough construct [kən'strʌkt] v.建造
publication [,pʌbli'keiʃən] n.出版;出版物
publish ['pʌbliʃ] v.出版
shift [ʃift] v.&n.转移change,vary
achieve [ə'tʃi:v]v.完成;达到 accomplish seek [si:k]v.寻找;试图search,explore controversy ['kɔntrə,və:si] n.争论debate,dispute depress [di'pres] v.使沮丧
reside [ri'zaid] v.居住live,dwell,inhabit resolve[ri'zɔlv]v./n.解决;决心/决心solve,settle parameter [pə'ræmitə] n.参数
community [kə'mju:niti] n.社区;社会;界
negate [ni'ɡeit, 'neɡeit, 'ni:-] v.否定deny
layer['leiə] n.层
transform [træns'fɔ:m, trænz-, trɑ:n-] v.转变;改革change,vary
fund [fʌnd] n.基金
team[ti:m]n.队;团队 v.协作group
medical ['medikəl] a.医学的
medium['mi:diəm,-djəm]n/a媒质;中间 /中等的
adjacent [ə'dʒeisənt] a.毗连的;紧接着的
mediate ['mi:dieit] v.调停
framework ['freimwə:k] n.框架;体制configuration function['fʌŋkʃən]n/v功能;函数 /运行
adult ['ædʌlt, ə'dʌlt] n.&a.成人
create [kri'eit] v.创造;引起 innovate
administration [əd,mini'streiʃən] n.管理;管理局;行政;政府
valid ['vælid] a.有效的;正当的available,significant chemical ['kemikəl]a/n化学的 /化学药品
foundation [faun'deiʃən] n.创立;基础;基金会
concurrent [kən'kʌrənt] a.同时发生的;并存的
derive [di'raiv] v.引伸;起源originate phenomenon [fi'nɔminən, fə-] n.现象
notwithstanding [,nɔtwiθ'stændiŋ, -wið-] prep.&conj.虽然despite,although,though nuclear ['nju:kliə, 'nu:-] a.核的;核心的
occur [ə'kə:] v.发生;出现;想起happen
interval ['intəvəl] n.间隔;休息
circumstance ['sə:kəmstəns] n.情况 condition,situation
random ['rændəm] n.&a.随机
range[reindʒ]n/v范围;山脉;炉灶/排列
objective [əb'dʒektiv,ɔb-]a/n客观的 /目标impersonal
tradition [trə'diʃən] n.传统
structure ['strʌktʃə] n.结构;建筑物
perceive [pə'si:v] v.感觉到;理解sense, be aware of plus[plʌs]prep.加 n.加号
affect [ə'fekt, 'æfekt] v.影响 influence,impact anticipate [æn'tisipeit] v.预料expect
logic ['lɔdʒik] n.逻辑
sole[səul]n/a脚底;鞋底 /唯一的
confine [kən'fain, 'kɔnfain] v.限制;禁闭
rely [ri'lai] v.依靠;信赖depend
innovate ['inəuveit] v.创新
uniform['ju:nifɔ:m]a/n一样的 /制服。