现代大学英语精读5unit 1作者简介及课文背景

Martin Luther King is
But…
He fought for their Freedom and rights
King was murdered in 1968.During his life ,he put his heart and soul into fighting for equalities and he had already changed the society.
He will be alive in everyone’s heart forever
种族歧视:
种族歧视是指否定某些种族对宝贵 的社会资源的平等使用权。在美国，尽 管所有的少数民族仍然是受歧视的目标， 但黑人在所有的种 族中往往更易于受到 歧视，遭受歧视已成为他们日常生活中 的一部 分。由于奴隶制、种族主义和种 族歧视的长期影响，美国黑人作为一个 整体，和白人相比，在很多领域处于明 显的劣势。
运动简介：
1954年美国联邦最高法院判定教育委 员会种族隔离的学校违法，1955年阿拉巴马 州蒙哥马利市，黑人公民以全面罢乘来反对 公车上的黑白隔离措施，1963年华盛顿的林 肯纪念馆广场聚集二十五万名群众反种族隔 离，美国民权运动领袖马丁· 路德· 金博士发 表著名的演说《我有一个梦》为民权运动的 高峰，其他参与的著名人物还有麦尔坎· X （Malcolm X）等人
The Civil Rights Movement is that
The Civil Rights Movement
It is the most important of all social movements in the 1960s US history. Rosa Parks‟ spontaneous action in 1955 was believed to be the true beginning of the civil rights movement. In Sept. 1961, the federal government declared segregation illegal in all interstate bus stations. As a result of this movement, segregation was breaking down in the 1960s.
the Congressional Gold Medal in 2004
hard work to fight for the civil rights, the speech ―I Have A Dream‖ which is delivered on March 1963 at Washington had turned the whole United State upside down, the number of discrimination and racism decreased to a minimum level between black people and white people. People start to help each other and care about other people. This contribution had changed the history of America.
"Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that."
The Civil Rights Movement
A historic moment of the civil rights movement was the March on Washington D.C. of August 28, 1963 when Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his speech “I Have a Dream.” The Civil Rights Act was passed by Congress and signed into law by President Johnson in 1964. In December 1964, Martin Luther King was given the Nobel Peace Prize. 1968—a violent and tragic year—Martin Luther King and Robert Kennedy were assassinated.
健康歧视
在美国，接受医疗服务的权利大小常常与收入 水平和工作身份联系在一起，因此，作为异常贫穷和 无业的一群，美国黑人是最没有保障的。对于多数黑 人，他们接受的医疗服务是有限的，或是根本不存在 的。即使能够享受到医疗服务，他们更可能比其他人 口接受不标准的，甚至是伤害性的服务。根据疾病控 制和预防中心的研究，黑人是最易受到艾滋病影响的 种族。据统计，在２００１至２００５年间，１８４ ９９１个成人和青少年被诊断受艾滋病病毒的感染， 其中５１％以上是黑人。罗伯特・简森博士说，在美 国的一些城市中，黑人患有艾滋病的比率甚至和非洲 一些国家一样高。另外，美国黑人慢性疾病的普及率 也很高。在美国，黑人婴儿的死亡率也很高，高于任 何工业化国家，甚至高于一些第三世界国家。
The United States today celebrates the birth of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. with memorials (纪念活动), parades (游行) and a "King Day of Service." The King holiday, which President Ronald Reagan signed into law in 1983, has become known as a day of community service (社区服务).
King is a hero, he had done many
I have a dream
King's most influential and well-known speech is the "I Have A Dream" speech
a very intelligent person; the main reason is because of his non–violent method (This method is developed by Mahatma Gandhi) By using this method, he became the first one who changes the history not by war, massacre people or repressive people by using their power. He changed the history by speeches, kindness, and his non-giving up spirit. Those are the examples of his non–violent method.
经济歧视
经济上，黑人社区存在的最严重、最长久的问 题之一是贫困，贫困是一种极大的苦难，因为它是与 婚姻的压力和破裂、健康、低少的教育机会和犯罪等 问题紧密相连的。２００４年，２４．７％的美国黑 人家庭生活在贫困线以下。据估计，美国有三分之二 的黑人属于社会底层。 美国黑人的就业问题也很严 峻，黑人家庭和白人家庭的收入差距是巨大的。２０ ０５年，在同样的工作中，黑人的工资只有白人的６ ５％，比１９７５年的８２％有了下降。黑人比白人 更有可能从事服务行业及筑路工、修理工及搬运工等 一些体力劳动。在国家经济处于困难的时期，黑人会 更多地遭受无业和失业的打击。“最后被雇佣，最早 被解雇“是对黑人就业状况的最好写照。２００４年 ９月，全美黑人的失业率是１０．３％，而在美国内战和《解放黑人奴 隶宣言》的推动下，在联邦军队的保护下，美国黑人开始拥有 选举权和被选举权。进入２０世纪，美国黑人争取平等权利的 斗争也进入一个新时代。民权运动的组织者们组织了一 些其 他形式的非暴力行动，如游行、 罢工和静坐，以此来和当权 者争论平等使用权和选举权的问题。 美国黑人的民权运动于 １９６３在华盛顿举行的游行中达到了高 潮，这次游行的参 与者达到了二十多万。 就在这次游行中，在林肯纪念堂的台 阶上，马丁路德・金发表了他历史性的演讲“我有一个梦想”， 这次游行也给肯尼迪总统及其后的约翰逊总统施加压力，促使 了１９６４年《民权法案》的颁布，该法案明令禁止在公共场 所、就业方面实行种族歧视。之后，美国黑人政治地位有了很 大提高，逐渐进入一些政府部门。１９８９年，弗吉尼亚成为 美国历史上第一个选举黑人州长的州，到２０００年，美国共 有８９３６位黑人官员，比１９７０年净增７４６７位，２０ ０１年，有４８４位市长和３８位国会议员。但政治地位的提 高并未改变黑人受歧视的命运，和他们的白人同伴相比，美国 黑人在政府中仍处于几乎无权的地位，许多合法权益仍然无法 得到保障。
African Americans against racial discrimination and oppression, political, economic and social equality for the rights of the mass struggles in the mid-20th century, 50 to 60 mid-race. African Americans ,the largest minority in the United States, were suffering from longterm racial discrimination . Colored Asian and African countries„ victory in the struggle for national independence after World War II, the progress of industrialization and large numbers of blacks coming into the cities caused the development of movement.
Where Do We Go from Here?
------ Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968)
美国黑人民权运动
The most famous leader of the American civil rights movement
a Baptist minister a peacemaker
Achievement
He received the Nobel Peace Prize before he was assassinated in 1968. He was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Jimmy Carter in 1977
American Civil Rights Movement
美国黑人民权运动（African-American Civil Rights Movement，又译为“非裔美国 人民权运动”，1955年—1968年），美国民 权运动的一部分，于1950年代兴起，直至 1970年代，乃是经由非暴力的抗议行动，争 取非裔美国人民权的群众斗争。