精品K12学习高考学习复习资料英语二轮复习 阅读理解精选训练(3)

广东汕尾市2016高考英语二轮阅读理解精选训练（3）
高考英语阅读理解提升全程训练及答案
阅读理解
Goldie's Secret
She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall. No way could I have sent her away. No way, not me anyway. Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before. "We're moving house.'; "No space for her any more with the baby coming." "We never really wanted her, but what could we have done? She was a present." People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
I called her Goldie. If I had known what was going to happen I would have givenher a more creative name. She was so unsettled during those first few days. She hardly ate anything and had such an air of sadness about her. There was nothing I could do to make her happy, it seemed. Heaven knows what had happened to her at her previous owner's. But eventually at the end of the first week she calmed down. Always by my side, whether we were out on one of our long walks or sitting by the fire. That's why it was such a shock when she pulled away from me one day when we were out for a walk. We were a long way from home, when she started barking and getting very restless. Eventually I couldn't hold her any longer and she raced off down the road towards a farmhouse in the distance as fast as she could.
By the time I reached the farm I was very tired and upset with Goldie. But when I saw her licking (舔) the four puppies (幼犬) I started to feel sympathy towards them. "We didn't know what had happened to her," said the woman at the door. "I took her for a walk one day, soon after the puppies were born, and she just disappeared." "She must have tried to come back to them and got lost," added a boy from behind her.
I must admit I do miss Goldie, but I've got Nugget now, and she looks just like her mother. And I've learnt a good lesson: not to judge people.
( ) 1. How did the author feel about Goldie when Goldie came to the house?
A. Shocked.
B. Sympathetic.
C. Annoyed.
D. Upset.
( ) 2. In her first few days at the author's house, Goldie .
AI felt worried B. was angry
C. ate a little
D. sat by the fire
( ) 3. Goldie rushed off to a farmhouse one day because she .
A. saw her puppies
B. heard familiar barking
C. wanted to leave the author
D. found her way to her old home
( ) 4. The passage is organized in order of .
A. time
B. effectiveness
C. importance
D. complexity
阅读技巧：夹叙夹议，叙为议服务，议为叙指导。

把握了这句话就把握了阅读此类文章的真谛。

叙述不分重点关注人物，情节的变化；议论一定看清楚作者想表明的道理。

答题技巧：本篇题目由3个细节题和一道文章结构题组成，难度都不大。

细节题要求学生把握文章中的原文，做合理推断和转述。

比如57题，将unsettled理解成worried。

文章结构题基本属于送分题，要求学生作答，此篇记叙文按照时间顺序发展。

56.B
情绪推断，较难题。

此推断题的难点在于，原文没有直接的形容词表述，要求学生通过具体的描述总结。

原文第2段She hardly ate anything and had such an air of sadness about her. There was nothing I could do to make her happy, it seemed. Heaven knows what had happened to her at her previous owner's.划线句子表明作者同情被遗弃的小狗，希望帮助它高兴起来。

57.A
细节题，较难题。

要做对此题主要要排除C项的干扰，原文第2段She hardly ate anything and had such an air of sadness about her. hardly ate anything的表述与ate little 是不一样的。

前者是几乎什么都不吃，后者是吃得少，此错误选项属于"改变否定/肯定的程度"。

58.D
原因推断题，简单题，通过原文第4段的描写可得正确答案。

59.A
问文章的行文结构，简单题，此篇记叙文按照时间顺序发展。

阅读理解
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of current answers. That question is “What’s your name?” Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct.
Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?
People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.
Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”.
The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook(小溪)；someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.
Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter—a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter —a person who made pots and pans.
The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their nativ e village. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.
Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John was very
tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.
Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added–s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the MacDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.
( ) 1. Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?
A. Places where people lived.
B. People’s characters.
C. Talents that people possessed.
D. People’s occupations.
选B，根据文中4,5,6三段可知只有B选项未提及
( ) 2. According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _______.
A. owned or drove a cart
B. made things with metals
C. made kitchen tools or contains
D. built houses and furniture
选C文中第六段potter-a person who made pots and pans,可知potter 意为一个制作茶壶和平底锅的人，由此推断选C
( ) 3. Suppose and English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named _______.
A. Beatrice Smith
B. Leonard Carter
C. George Longstreet
D. Donald Greenwood
选D根据文中倒数第2段可知一些人取名是根据特征而来。

比如灰色头发的人取名john Gray，高个的人取名john Tallman.所以根据题意，居住在森林旁边的人取名为Donald Greenw ( ) 4. The underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a person’s _____
A. later generations
B. friends and relatives
C. colleagues and partners
D. later sponsors
选A 根据最后一段第一二行“some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. The Johnsons are descendants of John可知descendants指的是后代
阅读理解-----（A）
Every day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it. It is not the amazing complexity of television, nor the impressive technology of transport. The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noise without mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each other's minds. This ability comes so naturally that we tend to forget what a miracle (奇迹) it is.
Obviously, the ability to talk is something that marks humans off from animal. Of course, some animals have powers just as amazing, Birds can fly thousands miles by \observing positions of the stars in the sky in relation to the time of day and year. In Nature's talent show, humans are a species of animal that have developed their own special act. If we reduce it to basic terms, it's an ability for communicating information to others, by varying sounds we make as we breathe out.
Not that we don't have other powers of communication. Our facial expressions convey our emotions, such as anger, or joy, or disappointment. The way we hold our heads can indicate to others whether we are happy or sad. This is so-called "body language". Bristling (直立的) fur is an unmistakable warning of attack among many animals. Similarly, the bowed head or drooping tail shows a readiness to take second place in any animal gathering.
Such a means of communication is a basic mechanism that animals, including human beings, instinctively acquire and display. Is the ability to speak just another sort of instinct? If so, how did human beings acquire this amazing skills ? Biologist can readily indicate that particular area of our brain where speech mechanisms function, but this doesn't tell us how that part of our bodies originated in our biological history.
本文是介绍关于人类使用语言的能力的说明文, 主要阐述人区分动物的特殊能力及其相似性。

( ) 1. According to the passage, the wonder we take for granted is .
A. our ability to use language
B. the miracle of technology
C. the amazing power of nature
D. our ability to make noises with mouth
答案：A
考点：细节理解题。

题目: 根据文章, 我们认为理所当然的奇迹是:
A: 我们使用语言的能力
B: 技术的奇迹
C: 自然的惊人力量
D: 我们用嘴制造噪音的能力。

解析：根据第一段倒数第二句话The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noise without mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each other's minds.可知: 我们把使用语言的能力这个奇迹当做理所当然。

B, C选项与文章不符, 在第一段第二句话中可得知。

D选项易误导学生, 在文章中虽然有原话, 但一句话没有说完, 关键是通过嘴巴发出的声音去给其他人传递信息。

故D选项也是错误的。

( ) 2. What feature of "body language" mentioned in the passage is common to both human an animals?
A. Lifting heads when sad.
B. Keeping long faces when angry.
C. Bristling hair when ready to attack.
D. Bowing heads when willing to obey.
答案：D
考点：细节理解题。

题目: 文章中提到的"肢体语言"的什么特征对于人类和动物都是共同的:
A: 伤心时抬头
来源： B: 愤怒时拉长脸
C: 准备攻击时直立毛皮
D: 乐意服从时低头
解析：根据第三段最后一句话"Similarly, the bowed head or drooping tail shows ....."可知答案。

A和B选项描绘的是人的肢体语言特征。

C 选项描绘的是动物的肢体语言。

( ) 3. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A. Body language is unique to humans.
B. Animals express emotions just as humans do.
C. Humans have other powers of communication.
D. Humans are no different from animals to some degree.
答案：D
考点：推理判断题。

题目: 从第三段可以推段出:
A: 肢体语言是人类独一无二的
B: 动物和人类一样表达情感
C: 人类有其他交流的能力
D: 人类在某种程度上和动物是相同的
解析：根据第三段后三句话可知: 人类在某种程度上和动物没有不同。

从段落中可得知A, B, C 均与文章不符。

( ) 4. This passage is mainly about .
A. the development of body language.
B. the special role humans play in nature
C. the power to convey information to others
D. the difference between humans and animals in language use
答案：C
考点：主旨大意题。

题目: 这篇文章主要讲述什么？
A: 肢体语言的发展
B: 人类在自然中扮演的特殊角色
C: 给他人传递信息的力量
D: 人类和动物在语言使用中的差异
解析：整篇文章谈论的都是给他人传递信息的力量, 使用语言的能力。

A, B选项文章未提及. D选项较片面, 文章第三段中提到了相似点和差异二种。

科普知识类阅读理解。

Have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall?What do you think caused this change in colour?It is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or from the nearby fields.
Components of Soil
Soil is made up of a number of layers(层),each having its own distinctive colour and texture. The upper layer is know as the litter. It acts like a blanket,limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss. The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus(腐殖质),which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour. This layer is usually rich in nutrients,oxygen,and water. Below the topsoil is the subsoil,a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter. This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus. Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock.
Soil forms from the bottom up. Over time bedrock is attacked by rain,wind,frost,and snow. It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering. Plants begin to grow,and rotten materials enrich the topsoil. Most of the soil in Eastern Canada,for example,was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared 12,000 years ago.
Water Beneath the Soil
Surface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes,ponds,and rivers. Once in the soil or rock,it is called groundwater. Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation(渗透). Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table. Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate.
As water percolates downward,it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers. This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth.
Soil pH
Soil can be acidic,neutral,or basic. The pH of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock from which it was formed,and by the nature of the plants that grow and rot in it.
The acidity of rain and snow can lower the pH of the groundwater that enters the soil. By burning fossil fuels such as coal,oil and gasoline,humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils. When fossil fuels are burned,gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain. Acid soil increases the problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels. As nutrients are removed,soil is less fertile. Plants grow more slowly in acidic soil,and also become easily attacked by diseases.
1. The layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is
called .
A. litter
B. topsoil
C. humus
D. subsoil
2. According to the text,which of the following isNOT true?
A. Soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface.
B. The deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than the surface soil.
C. Air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil.
D. Groundwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth.
3. We can infer from the passage that the water table lies .
A. between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layer
B. in the subsoil layer above bedrock
C. between the subsoil layer and bedrock
D. in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil
4. The underlined word“dissolve” is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are .
A. rushed away into the river
B. cleaned and purified by water
C. destroyed and carried away by water
D. mixed with water and become part of it
【参考答案】26.1-4 BBCD。