现代大学英语精读第二版book3unit
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Why Historians Disagree
单击此处添加副标题
Allen F. Davis & Harold D. Woodman
R einforcement T ext Analysis Why Historians Disagree B ackground W arming up Unit 11
Objectives
Learn why historians disagree. Reflect on what history is. Practice reading skills: reading for the gist reading academic articles Analyze the structure of an expository writing to see how the main ideas are cleverly organized and connected (transition). Apply what you will learn to your study and life.
Views on History
D. His-story and her-story Women have either been excluded from the history or been denigrated in the historical account. When they were included, they were marginalized or subordinated by the male (not necessarily male) historians, or used as scapegoats to explain the misfortunes in the history.
Text Analysis
Part I (B): What is history?
Text Analysis
Part I (A): Words & Expressions
Detailed Analysis
Is it a record of the human past? Is it in some way similar to literature? Is it a collection of interesting and instructive stories? Is it a tool of propaganda? Is it only about facts? What does the job of historians involve? Is it a science? Is it purely objective science? A further question: If history is easily used as a tool for propaganda, if history is based partly on guesswork, does this mean that the study of history and historical works are not reliable? How can historians achieve any credibility?
Warming up
Background Views on History Unit 11 Why Historians Disagree
Background
“The End of History?” (Francis Fukuyama) A. New Historicists: history and literature B. French Annal School and total history C. Big tradition and small tradition D. Grand narrative and rejection of such a narrative In all, the TEXTUALITY of history.
Views on History
Background
Background
C. Big tradition and small tradition An idea particularly important in the study of cultural anthropology. By comparing the state-sponsored reports on and records of the exploits of Chinese Three Gorges Project and the movie Still Life by Jia Zhangke, we can see the incompatibility of big and small traditions.
Text Analysis
Part I (A): Discussion
Detailed Analysis
be introduced to…by way of immerse react to the state of affairs presumably contending historians a matter of memorizing facts a matter of personal preference
Views on History
Background
Detailed Analysis Structure Unit 11 Texts Disagree
Structure
Part I The introduction (paras. 1-5 ) Misconceptions about the study of history (paras. 1-3) Definition of history (paras. 4-5) Part II The body (paras. 6-11) Selection of different facts about the same event (para. 6) Use of the same facts from different premises (paras. 7-10) Analysis of different levels of cause and effect (para. 11) Part III The conclusion: inevitability of disagreement (paras. 12-13)
Views on History
Background
A. New Historicism It’s a reaction to deconstructionist view of history which amounts to historical nihilism. Yet it’s radically different from traditional historicism. History is not a series of events that have a linear, causal relationship. The self-claimed objective analysis is impossible. Traditional historians ask, “What happened?” and “What does the event tell us about history?” New historicists ask, “How has the event been interpreted?” and “What do the interpretations tell us about the interpreters?”
Views on History
B. The French Annal School A radical shift of perspective in the study of history from the SIGNIFICANT events—political, economic, personal—to the DAILY and ROUTINE happenings in the life of the common people. A shift of focus from the court and battlefield to the folk and tea table of the common.
Warming up
Questions/Activities
Check-on Preview
Warming up
Why do historians disagree? Tick the reasons. A. They get wrong facts. B. They select and use different historical facts. C. They differ on the importance of the same facts. D. They consider different levels of cause and effect. E. They view the event from different perspectives and analyze it in different theoretical frames. F. They are often revising their ideas.
Text Analysis
Detailed Analysis
How was history taught in your high school? What were you usually required to do? How were you evaluated? What are the basic assumptions and implications of this approach? What is the problem of this approach? Do historians usually agree in their descriptions and explanations of the same historical events? Does this mean that some of them are right while some of them are wrong? Does this mean that they have their facts wrong? Why or why not? How would you react when you found historians dealing with the same event often disagree?
Why Historians Disagree
Warming up
01
02
03
04
Unit 11
Questions/Activities
Check-on Preview
05
Objectives
What kind of writing is this? How does the language strike you? Academic writing ? Formal words or informal words? Impersonal structures ? Long or short sentences ? Clear presentation ?
单击此处添加副标题
Allen F. Davis & Harold D. Woodman
R einforcement T ext Analysis Why Historians Disagree B ackground W arming up Unit 11
Objectives
Learn why historians disagree. Reflect on what history is. Practice reading skills: reading for the gist reading academic articles Analyze the structure of an expository writing to see how the main ideas are cleverly organized and connected (transition). Apply what you will learn to your study and life.
Views on History
D. His-story and her-story Women have either been excluded from the history or been denigrated in the historical account. When they were included, they were marginalized or subordinated by the male (not necessarily male) historians, or used as scapegoats to explain the misfortunes in the history.
Text Analysis
Part I (B): What is history?
Text Analysis
Part I (A): Words & Expressions
Detailed Analysis
Is it a record of the human past? Is it in some way similar to literature? Is it a collection of interesting and instructive stories? Is it a tool of propaganda? Is it only about facts? What does the job of historians involve? Is it a science? Is it purely objective science? A further question: If history is easily used as a tool for propaganda, if history is based partly on guesswork, does this mean that the study of history and historical works are not reliable? How can historians achieve any credibility?
Warming up
Background Views on History Unit 11 Why Historians Disagree
Background
“The End of History?” (Francis Fukuyama) A. New Historicists: history and literature B. French Annal School and total history C. Big tradition and small tradition D. Grand narrative and rejection of such a narrative In all, the TEXTUALITY of history.
Views on History
Background
Background
C. Big tradition and small tradition An idea particularly important in the study of cultural anthropology. By comparing the state-sponsored reports on and records of the exploits of Chinese Three Gorges Project and the movie Still Life by Jia Zhangke, we can see the incompatibility of big and small traditions.
Text Analysis
Part I (A): Discussion
Detailed Analysis
be introduced to…by way of immerse react to the state of affairs presumably contending historians a matter of memorizing facts a matter of personal preference
Views on History
Background
Detailed Analysis Structure Unit 11 Texts Disagree
Structure
Part I The introduction (paras. 1-5 ) Misconceptions about the study of history (paras. 1-3) Definition of history (paras. 4-5) Part II The body (paras. 6-11) Selection of different facts about the same event (para. 6) Use of the same facts from different premises (paras. 7-10) Analysis of different levels of cause and effect (para. 11) Part III The conclusion: inevitability of disagreement (paras. 12-13)
Views on History
Background
A. New Historicism It’s a reaction to deconstructionist view of history which amounts to historical nihilism. Yet it’s radically different from traditional historicism. History is not a series of events that have a linear, causal relationship. The self-claimed objective analysis is impossible. Traditional historians ask, “What happened?” and “What does the event tell us about history?” New historicists ask, “How has the event been interpreted?” and “What do the interpretations tell us about the interpreters?”
Views on History
B. The French Annal School A radical shift of perspective in the study of history from the SIGNIFICANT events—political, economic, personal—to the DAILY and ROUTINE happenings in the life of the common people. A shift of focus from the court and battlefield to the folk and tea table of the common.
Warming up
Questions/Activities
Check-on Preview
Warming up
Why do historians disagree? Tick the reasons. A. They get wrong facts. B. They select and use different historical facts. C. They differ on the importance of the same facts. D. They consider different levels of cause and effect. E. They view the event from different perspectives and analyze it in different theoretical frames. F. They are often revising their ideas.
Text Analysis
Detailed Analysis
How was history taught in your high school? What were you usually required to do? How were you evaluated? What are the basic assumptions and implications of this approach? What is the problem of this approach? Do historians usually agree in their descriptions and explanations of the same historical events? Does this mean that some of them are right while some of them are wrong? Does this mean that they have their facts wrong? Why or why not? How would you react when you found historians dealing with the same event often disagree?
Why Historians Disagree
Warming up
01
02
03
04
Unit 11
Questions/Activities
Check-on Preview
05
Objectives
What kind of writing is this? How does the language strike you? Academic writing ? Formal words or informal words? Impersonal structures ? Long or short sentences ? Clear presentation ?