专业英语八级(阅读)模拟试卷194(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷194(题后含答案及解析)
题型有： 2. READING COMPREHENSION
PART II READING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked [A] , [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.
(1)It’s hard to miss them: the epitome of casual “geek chic” and organized within the warranty of their Palm Pilots, they sip labor-intensive caf6 lattes, chat on sleek cell phones and ponder the road to enlightenment. In the US they worry about the environment as they drive their gas-guzzling sports utility vehicles to emporiums of haute design to buy a $50 titanium spatula; they think about their tech stocks as they explore specialty shops for Tibetan artifacts in Everest-worthy hiking boots. They think nothing of laying out $5 for a wheat grass muff, much less $500 for some alternative rejuvenation at the day-spa—but don’t talk about raising their taxes.
(2)They are “Bourgeois Bohemians”—or “Bobos”—and they’re the new “enlightened elite”of the information age, their lucratively busy lives a seeming synthesis of comfort and conscience, corporate success and creative rebellion. Well-educated thirty-to-forty something, they have forged a new social ethos from a logic-defying fusion of 1960s counter-culture and 1980s entrepreneurial materialism.
(3)Combining the free-spirited, artistic rebelliousness of the Bohemian beatnik or hippie with the worldly ambitions of their bourgeois corporate forefathers, the Bobo is a comfortable contortion of caring capitalism. “It’s not about making money; it’s about doing something you love. Life should be an extended hobby. It’s all about working for a company as cool as you are.”(4)It is a world inhabited by dotcom millionaires, management consultants, “culture industry”entrepreneurs and all manner of media folk, most earning upwards of $100,000 a year—their money an incidental byproduct of their maverick mores, the kind of money they happen to earn while they are pursuing their creative vision. Often sporting such unconventional job titles as “creative paradox”, “corporate jester” or “learning person”, Bobos work with a monk-like self-discipline because they view their jobs as intellectual, even spiritual. It is a reverse the Midas touch: everything a Bobo touches turns to spirituality, everything has to be about enlightenment. Even their jobs are a mission to improve the world. (5)It is now impossible to tell an espresso-sipping artist from a cappuccino-gulping banker, but it isn’t just a matter of style. If you investigate people’s attitudes towards sex, morality, leisure time and work, it is getting harder and harder to separate the anti-establishment renegade from the pro-establishment company man. Most people seemed to have rebel attitudes and social-climbing attitudes all scrambled together. (6)These Bobos are just normal middle-class
people who are living out a protracted adolescence. Their political interests are either “intensely close and personal”(abortion or gun control), or very remote(the rainforests, Tibet or Third World poverty). But they will most likely express their conscience in their consumerism, relieved to be helping someone somewhere by collecting the hand-carved artifacts of distant cultures. (7)Motivated by spiritual participation, but cautious of moral crusades and religious enthusiasms, they tolerate a little lifestyle experimentation, so long as it is done safely and moderately. They are offended by concrete wrongs, such as cruelty and racial injustice, but are relatively unmoved by lies or transgressions that don’t seem to do anyone any obvious harm. (8)It is an elite mat has been raised to oppose elites. They are by instinct anti-establishmentarian, yet in some sense they have become a new establishment. They are prosperous without seeming greedy; they have pleased their elders, without seeming conformists; they have risen toward the top without too obviously looking down on those below.
1．Bobos do all of the following EXCEPT ______.
A．buying stylish mobile phones
B．relying on new technologies to get organized
C．driving battery-powered utility vehicles
D．worrying about environmental issues
正确答案：C
解析：第1段第2句表明C中的battery-powered ulility vehicles与原文不符，故选C。

第1段首句提到，(波波人)日程在掌上电脑的安排下井然有序，而且可以对着滑盖手机聊天，可见A、B符合文意，故排除；该段第2句提到，他们为环境忧虑着，D也符合文意，故排除。

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2．One of the characteristics of Bobos is that ______.
A．they pursue a life of comfort and peace
B．they may make conscientious decisions
C．they lack the incentive to work harder
D．they have abandoned traditional morality
正确答案：B
解析：第2段首句提到，……他们富足而繁忙的生活似乎是舒适享受与道德良知……的有效结合。

故可推断B符合题意。

A中的peace在文中没有对应信息点；第4段倒数第3句中的view their jobs asintellectual，even spiritual表明C中的lack表述不对；第2段末句表明D错。

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3．Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as Bobos?
A．People in favor of tradition.
B．American middle-class people.
C．Anti-conventionalists.
D．Stubborn corporate managers.
正确答案：D
解析：第5段中的company man是指公司的雇员，而不是管理人员；此外，文中并没有关于他们“顽固、守旧”的描述，故选D。

第5段第2句提到，如果你去调查人们对于性、道德、休闲和工作的态度，会发现区分反传统的叛逆者和维护传统的企业人士越来越难。

这说明A“支持传统的人”和C“反传统主义者”属于波波人，故排除；第6段首句提到，这些波波人只不过是普通中产阶级，排除B。

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(1)”Masterpieces are dumb.” wrote Flaubert. “They have a tranquil aspect like the very products of nature, like large animals and mountains.” He might have been thinking of War and Peace, that vast, silent work, unfathomable and simple, provoking endless questions through the majesty of its being. Tolstoy’s simplicity is “overpowering,” says the critic Bayley, “disconcerting,” because it comes from “his casual assumption that the world is as he sees it”; like other 19th century Russian writers he is “impressive” because he “means what he says.” But he stands apart from all others and from most Western writers in his identity with life, which is so complete as to make us forget he is an artist. He is the center of his work, but his egocentricity is of a special kind. “Goethe, for example,”says Bayley, “cared for nothing but himself.” Tolstoy was nothing but himself. (2)For all his varied modes of writing and the multiplicity of characters in his fiction, Tolstoy and his work are of a piece. The famous “conversion” of his middle years, movingly recounted in his Confession, was a culmination of his early spiritual life, not a departure from it. The apparently fundamental changes that led from epic narrative to dogmatic parable, from a joyous, buoyant attitude toward life to pessimism and cynicism, from War and Peace to The Kreutzer Sonata, came from the same restless, impressionable depths of an independent spirit yearning to get at the truth of its experience. “Truth is my hero.”wrote Tolstoy in his youth, reporting the fighting in Sebastopol. Truth remained his hero—his own, not others’truth. Others were awed by Napoleon, believed that a single man could change the destinies of nations, adhered to meaningless rituals, formed their tastes on established canons of art. Tolstoy reversed all preconceptions, and in every reversal he overthrew the “system”, the “machine”, the externally ordained belief, the conventional behavior in favor of unsystematic, impulsive life, of inward motivation and the solutions of independent thought. (3)In his work the artificial and genuine are always exhibited in dramatic opposition: the supposedly great Napoleon and the truly great, unregarded little Captain Tushin, or Nicholas Rostov’s actual experience in battle and his later account for it. The simple is always pitted against the elaborate. Knowledge gained from observation against assertions of borrowed faiths. Tolstoy’s magical simplicity is a produce of these tensions; his work is a record of the questions he put to himself and of his fiction exemplify this search, and their happiness depends on the measure of their answer. Tolstoy wanted happiness, but only hard-won happiness, that emotional fulfillment and intellectual clarity which could come only as the price of all-consuming effort. He scorned lesser satisfaction.
4．The author quotes from Bayley to show that Tolstoy _____.
A．writes novels that are reports of copying actual events
B．maintains no self-conscious distance from his experience
C．often writes his works in a quite simple way
D．works casually to make his works with inexplicable truth
正确答案：B
解析：第1段指出，托尔斯泰的作品难懂，是因为他那个不经意的设想“世界是如同他看到的那个样子”；“他怎么想就怎么说”：而且他对生活的认识非常全面。

据此可以推断作者的意图是说托尔斯泰的作品非常贴近实际生活，而B 的表述最贴近原文意思，故为答案。

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5．What’s the author’s attitude towards Tolstoy?
A．She deprecates the cynicism of his later works.
B．She finds him theatrically artificial.
C．She admires his wholehearted sincerity.
D．She thinks his inconsistency disturbing.
正确答案：C
解析：第1段指出托尔斯泰的作品贴近实际生活；第2段说他崇拜真理，而且并不理会别人的观点和看法。

这些就表明托尔斯泰为人很真挚、很实在，可以看出作者对他持肯定态度。

只有C的表述与原文相符。

第2段和第3段也指出了托尔斯泰不理会常规、在写作中使用真假对立的例子，但作者并没有作出评论，故A、B、D不正确。

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6．We can infer the following from the passage EXCEPT that _____.
A．Confession belongs to an early period of Tolstoy’s work
B．in his works Tolstoy might express his discontent to the society
C．the hero wouldn’t obtain happiness if he couldn’t get the answer
D．the easily-obtained happiness is rejected by Tolstoy
正确答案：A
解析：第2段第2句指出，在《忏悔录》中，他动人地描述了他中年时代思想著名的“转变”，这是他早期精神生活发展的高潮。

这说明《忏悔录》只是托尔斯泰早期精神生活发展的产物，却是他中年时代的作品，故选A。

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(1)I cry easily. I once burst into tears when the curtain came down on the Kirov Ballets “Swan Lake”. I still choke up every time I see a film of Roger Bannister breaking the “impossible”four-minute mark for the mile. I figure I am moved by witnessing men and women at their best; but they need not be great men and women, doing great things. (2)Take the night, some years ago, when my wife and I were going to dinner at a friend’s house in New York city. It was sleeting. As we hurried
toward the house, with its welcoming light, I noticed a car pulling out from the curb. Just ahead, another car was waiting to back into the parking space—a rare commodity in crowded Manhattan. But before he could do so another car came up from behind, and sneaked into the spot. That’s dirty pool, I thought; while my wife went ahead into our friend’s house. I stepped into the street to give the guilty driver a piece of my mind. A man in work clothes rolled down the window. (3)”Hey,”I said, “this parking space belongs to that guy,”I gestured toward the man ahead, who was looking back angrily. I thought I was being a good Samaritan, I guess—and I remember that the moment I was feeling pretty manly in my new trench coat.
(4)”Mind your own business!”me driver told me. (5)”No,”I said. “You don’t understand. That fellow was waiting to back into this space.” Things quickly heated up, until finally he leaped out of the car. My God, he was colossal. He grabbed me and bent me back over the hood of his car as if I was a rag doll. The sleet stung my face. I glanced at the other driver, looking for help, but he gunned his engine and hightailed it out of there. (6)The huge man shook his rock of a fist of me, brushing my lip and cutting the inside of my mouth against my teeth. I tasted blood. I was terrified. He snarled and threatened, and then told me to beat it. Almost in a panic, I scrambled to my friend’s front door. As a former Marine, as a man, I felt utterly humiliated. Seeing mat I was shaken, my wife and friends asked me what had happened. All I could bring myself to say was that I had had an argument about a parking space. They had me sensitivity to let it go at that. (7)I sat stunned. Perhaps half an hour later, the doorbell rang. My blood ran cold. For some reason I was sure that the bruiser had returned for me. My hostess got up to answer it, but I stopped her. I felt morally bound to answer it myself. (8)I walked down the hallway with dread. Yet I knew I had to face up to my fear. I opened the door. There he stood, towering. Behind him, the sleet came down harder than ever. (9)”I came back to apologize,” he said in a low voice. “When I got home, I said to myself, what right I have to do that? I’m ashamed of myself. All I can tell you is that the Brooklyn Navy Yard is closing. I’ve worked there for years. And today I got laid off. I’m not myself. I hope you’ll accept my apology.”(10)I often remember that big man. I think of the effort and courage it took for him to come back to apologize. He was man at last. (11)And I remember that after I closed die door, my eyes blurred, as I stood in the hallway for a few moments alone.
7．Which of the following does “dirty pool” in the second paragraph stand for?
A．The car was waiting to back into the place.
B．It had been sleeting all the time that night.
C．Another car sneaked into the parking spot.
D．The driver left me parking place quickly.
正确答案：C
解析：第2段第5句指出，在他把车停入车位之前，后面出现了一辆车，迅速地钻入了那个车位。

后文紧接着出现That’s dirty pool，据此可以判定dirty pool
指的是前文提到的抢车位的不正当行为，所以选C。

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8．Which of the following contains a simile?
A．He grabbed me and bent me back over the hood of his car as if I was a rag doll.
B．Things quickly heated up, until finally he leaped out of the car.
C．But before he could do so another car came up from behind, and sneaked into the spot.
D．I thought I was being a good Samaritan, I guess—and...
正确答案：A
解析：A中用到了as if，这是典型的明喻修辞，故选A。

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9．What touched the writer in the end?
A．The big man’s courage.
B．The big man’s sincerity.
C．The big man’s experience.
D．The big man’s masculinity.
正确答案：D
解析：倒数第2段作者指出对那位男子的评价：“他才是个男人”，并且作者为此还在门廊前停留了一会，眼里含着泪水。

暗示作者为这个男子勇于承认错误的男子汉气概而感动，故选D。

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(1)She almost did not run. Christine Williams admits mat now. She could barely put one foot after another following the wake for her sister, who had died in an automobile accident. But she did run. With the cheers of friends and strangers reaching her heart, Williams set a C. W. Post record nine days ago in Boston. Now she will run again, on Saturday in the national Division II cross-country championships in Evansville, Ind. She wanted to be sure she was doing the right thing by running. She was the middle of three sisters, between Kerry, who is 25, and Jennifer, who was 18.
(2)Just going through any motions was hard enough, but Christine Williams wanted to know if she should put on her uniform and her shoes and run through the woods on an autumn afternoon, in the awful gaping time between her sister’s wake and her funeral. “I kind of got upset beforehand,” Williams admitted Monday. Not a chatterbox under normal conditions, she now holds herself me best way she can, the fewer words me better. She almost walked away from the start line. But her friend Angela Toscano, who had flown up to Boston with her, directly from me wake, was standing near the line and talked her through it. “She said my sister would have wanted me to run,”Christine said. And that was enough to get her started. (3)The accident happened just after midnight on Nov. 4. Four young women were driving in an unfamiliar area of Long Island in Eastport, N.Y., when one of mem apparently ran a yield sign, and the car was hit by another vehicle. Heather Brownrigg of Islip and Jennifer Williams died, and their friends April Brown and Kaci Moran, each from Bay Shore, were
treated at a hospital and released. The driver of the other car also walked away. “Two girls did survive,” Jennifer’s famer, Ed, said with the positive tone of a parent who knows that every daughter’s life is precious. (4)The crash made the papers. April Brown was charged with driving while intoxicated and driving without a license. The family could have done without the remarks in The New York Post that the four friends were known as “party girls.” Ed Williams said of his youngest daughter: “I never knew her to drink, and I never knew her to take drugs. They probably did stop and drink a few beers.” At the wake on Nov. 6, Brown was welcomed by the Williams family. “It was a little hard,” Ed Williams said, “but it was an accident. Nobody was to blame, really. Jennifer just wasn’t lucky.”(5)The family had to make a decision. Ed and Debbie Williams have barely missed a track meet of Christine’s since she gave up cheerleading midway through Bay Shore High to concentrate on running. The wake began Saturday evening. The next day Christine was to run with the Post cross-country team at the regional meet. “Her mom said it was about the team,” said Rich Degnan, the Post coach. “They were worried about letting down the team.”Degnan and Post officials offered a car service and tickets on the last flight to Boston on Saturday night for Christine and Toscano. When they arrived at the hotel, the entire team was waiting up for her. (6)Everybody knew about it at the regional meet. Degnan had to arrange for the flexibility of an alternate, just in case Christine could not go. The other teams agreed, unanimously. Not only that, but they all rooted for Christine. Runners and coaches and family members, wearing a multitude of team colors, all cheered for the Post runner in green and yellow. “There was a lot of positive energy flowing,”Degnan said. “If their runner couldn’t win, they wanted Christine to win.”(7)Several times during the race, Christine felt she could not continue. But then she heard her friends and all those other people, those strangers from other colleges, calling her name. She thought about Jennifer. And she ran. She finished fourth in 22 minutes 58 seconds, breaking the Post record for the six-kilometer distance by 15 seconds. And although the Post team did not qualify for the nationals, Christine did. (8)The parents and the older daughter will fly to Indiana to watch Christine run in the nationals at 1 p.m. on Saturday. They surely know this race is keeping them going. “I’m just taking it one day at a time,”said Christine, who admitted she has been feeling the stress. “I want to say, I’m just very proud of her,”Ed Williams said. “I knew she had ability but when the accident happened, I was concerned. She did beyond what I thought. I just hope she has one good race left.”
10．The efforts Christine’s Post team made for her include the following aspects EXCEPT _____.
A．offering car service and flight tickets to Boston
B．arranging for a substitute for her beforehand
C．taking care of her food and uniforms
D．cheering for her during me race
正确答案：C
解析：根据第5、6段，作者并没有提及照顾其饮食和服装，所以选C。

第5段倒数第2句提到“安排汽车、提供飞机票”即A，第6段说到“安排候补队员并为她加油”即B和D，故均可排除。

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11．Which of the following details about Christine Williams is INCORRECT?
A．Her youngest sister was killed in a car accident.
B．She flew to Boston for me race directly from her sister’s wake.
C．She broke the Post record in regional meet in Boston.
D．Her Post team finally qualified for Nationals in Indiana.
正确答案：D
解析：第7段末句提到，尽管Christine所在的校队未能取得进入全国赛的资格，但她却获得了，故选D。

A、B、C分别在第1段第2句、第2段倒数第3旬以及第7段倒数第2句提到，均符合文意。

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12．The narrative skill employed in the whole story is _____.
A．depiction
B．flashforward
C．flashback
D．narration with flashbacks
正确答案：C
解析：第1段开始说She almost did not run，其后使用过去时，Christine是站在现在的角度回忆当时比赛的前后经过，这种写作手法为倒叙，即C。

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SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided.
13．What do Bobos think of their work?
正确答案：They view it as intellectual and spiritual．
解析：第4段先引述波波人的“创新奇人”、“学习者”等外号，接着又提到，波波人视工作为智力型甚至是精神型的，题目中的think of their work等同于原文的view their jobs，故as后的两个形容词intellectual和spiritual正是波波人对工作的看法，答案为They view it as intellectual and spiritual。

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14．What did Tolstoy’s conversion develop from?
正确答案：His early spiritual life．
解析：根据题目中的conversion定位到第2段第2句。

该句指出，他中年时代思想著名的“转变”，是其早期精神生活发展的高潮，而不是对他早期精神生
活的背离，可见转变是从早期精神生活发展而来，答案为His early spiritual life。

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15．How did the author’s wife and friend respond to the incident?
正确答案：They thought that it was not their business．
解析：第6段末句指出，当作者说出整个事件的时候，他们共同的反应是let it go at that，意思是“不去多操心”，且第7段首句说作者目睹亲友的冷漠态度时“呆住了”，说明他们的观点与作者的相左，觉得事不关己，故答案为They thought that it was not their business。

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16．What was the direct cause of the car crash?
正确答案：Drunk driving．
解析：第3段简述了车祸的经过，而第4段第2句提到驾车者由于酒后驾车和无证驾驶受到起诉，据此可判断醉酒驾驶是导致车祸的直接原因，答案为Drunk driving。

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