OccupationalHealthandOccupationalMedicine-文档资料

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商务英语综合教程第一册Unit 8 Job And Health

Background Information
• An occupational disease is any chronic ailment that occurs as a result of work or occupational activity. It is an aspect of occupational safety and health. An occupational disease is typically identified when it is shown that it is more prevalent in a given body of workers than in the general population, or in other worker populations. The first such disease to be recognised, squamous-cell carcinoma of the scrotum was identified in chimney sweepboys by Sir Percival Pott in 1775. Occupational hazards that are of a traumatic nature (such as falls by roofers) are not considered to be occupational diseases.
Text Analysis
• envelope
• 1. N-COUNT An envelope is the rectangular paper cover in which you send a letter to someone through the mail. 信封

香港中文大学课程表

入学基本要求1，认可大学毕业并获学士学位，或同等相关文凭，成绩乙等以上，2.托福，雅学院科目学制学费（每年）申请截止日Anthropology 人类学 1HK$60,001Intercultural Studies 文化研究1HK$38,000Cultural Management文化管理1HK$70,000Visual Culture Studies 视觉文化研究1HK$70,000English (Applied EnglishLinguistics) 应用英语语言学1HK$85,000Comparative & PublicHistory 比较及公众史学1HK$62,000Japanese Language &Teaching 日语研究及教学1HK$70,000Linguistics 语言学1HK$72,000Chinese Linguistics &Language Acquisition 汉语语言学及语言获得1HK$81,000Religious Studies 宗教研究1HK$60,000Master of Divinity 神道学2至3HK$80,000Christian Studies基督教研学1HK$60,000Theological Studies 神道学1HK$60,000Translation 翻译1HK$80,000Computer-aided Translation电脑辅助翻译1HK$80,000Full-time MBA 全日制工商管理硕士2未确定Health Care 工商管理硕士（医疗）2未确定JD/MBA Double DegreeProgramme 法律博士/刚上管理硕士双学位3未确定香港中文大学授课式课Faculty of Arts 文学院Faculty of Business Administrat ion 工商管理学院Education教育（教育博士课程）3HK$66,600Education 教育（教育硕士课程1每学科HK$2,600Education学位教师教育文凭（学士后文凭)1Education (Primary)学位教师教育文凭（小学）（学士后文凭)Biomedical Engineering 生物医学工程1HK$85,000Computer Science 计算机科学1HK$84,000Information Engineering 讯息工程学1HK$82000E-Commerce & LogisticsTechnologies 电子商务及物流技术1HK$90,000Systems Engineering &Engineering Management 系统工程与工程管理学1HK$90,000Juris Doctor 法律博士1HK$288,000JD/MBA Double DegreeProgramme 法律博士/工商管理硕士双学位2年法律博士HK$132000Chinese Business Law 中国商业法1HK$96,000Common Law 普通法1HK$96,000International Economic Law国际经济法1HK$96,000Laws 法学（专业证书文凭）1HK$132,000Nursing Science(Preregistration) 护理科学3HK$78,000Public Health 公共卫生1HK$130,000Health Care 工商管理硕士（医疗）2每学分HK$5,750Family Medicine 家庭医学FACULTY OF LAW 法学院MEDICINE 医学院Faculty of Education 教育学院FACULTY OF Engineering 工程学院Occupational Medicine 职业医学Occupational Medicine 职业医学（学士后文凭）Occupational Hygiene 职业环境卫生Occupational Hygiene 职业环境卫生（学士后文凭）Occupational HealthPractice 环境健康护理Chinese Medicine 中医学（中医学硕士）4HK$88,750Acupunture 针灸学2HK$45，000Chinese Medicine 中医学（理学硕士）1HK$90，000Mathematics 数学1HK$70，000Physics 物理1HK$60，000Architecture 建筑2HK$120,000Sustainable andEnvironmental Design 可持续和环境设计1HK$110,000Global Communication 全球传播1HK$80,000Journalism 新闻学1HK$80,000New Media 新媒体1HK$80,000Advertising 广告1HK$80,000Corporate Communication 企业传播1HK$80,000Geoinformation Science 地理信息科学1HK$75,600Sustainable Tourism 可持续旅游1HK$70,000Global Political Economy全球政治经济1HK$80,000Clinical Psychology 临床心理学2HK$80,000Psychology 心理学（学士后文凭）1HK$73,000Social Policy 社会政策1HK$65,000Social Work 社会工作2HK$61,250Sociology 社会学1HK$65,000FACULTY OF MEDICINE 医学院FACULTY OF SCIENCE 理学院FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE 社会科学院Chinese Studies 中国研究1HK$70,000Gender Studies 性别1HK$60,000Earth System Science 地球系统科学1HK$70,000INTER-FACULTYPROGRAMME跨学院课程，成绩乙等以上，2.托福，雅思或大学6级成绩 3.各科目的相关要求课式课程开学日入学要求，备注本科或高等院校毕业，一页的ps，和一份applicant writing,最终候选人名单会面试或电话面本科或高等院校毕业，上交ps,推荐信，工作经验和成绩单，最终候选人名单会面试或电话面试本科或高等院校毕业，上交ps,推荐信，工作经验和成绩单，最终候选人名单会面试或电话面试本科或高等院校毕业，上交ps,推荐信，工作经验和成绩单，最终候选人名单会面试或电话面试本科或高等院校毕业，英语或语言类成绩良好，需提交501字的兴趣和目标，和一份applicant本科或高等院校毕业，需上交800字中文的兴趣/目标，1000字的英文兴趣/目标，有可能需参加本科或高等院校毕业，通过日语一级或至少2年日语教学经验，需参加面试本科或高等院校毕业，需上交ps阐述申请目的和专业兴趣，需参加面试和笔试本科或高等院校毕业，需上交ps阐述申请目的和专业兴趣，汉语熟练，需参加面试和笔试本科或高等院校毕业，如果需要，需参加面试和笔试本科毕业，2推荐信（一个来自教堂推荐人，一个是本科老师）本科毕业，2推荐信（一个来自教堂推荐人，一个是本科老师）本科毕业或相关文凭，2封推荐信（一个来自教堂推荐人，一个是本科老师）本科或高等院校毕业，有可能需参加面试本科或高等院校毕业，有可能需参加面试提交近期GMAT成绩，要有3年工作经验提交近期GMAT成绩，要有4年工作经验1.本科毕业或高等院校毕业，非法律专业或于非行使普通法之地区获得法律学科文凭，成绩良教育专业硕士毕业；科研能力证明，如出版物，硕士论文及推荐信；面试优秀；若需教育专业硕士毕业或相关文凭，或有相关工作经验；需通过书面考试工程，科学或医学专业相关专业本科或高等院校毕业主修计算机科学，计算机工程或相关学科，成绩乙等；或专上的文凭；其他学科大学毕业生，理工学或工程学本科毕业，成绩乙等以上理工学或工程学本科或高等院校毕业，成绩乙等以上理工学或工程学本科或高等院校毕业，成绩乙等以上1.非法律专业或于非行使普通法之地区获得法律学科本科或高等院校毕业，或于专上完成一课法律博士要求;1.非法律专业或于非行使普通法之地区获得法律学科本科或高等院校毕业，或于有定居地法律资格；或法学士或同类学士学位；或非法律专业本科但有法律相关工作有定居地法律资格；或法学士或同类学士学位；或非法律专业本科但有法律相关工作经验；托有定居地法律资格；或法学士或同类学士学位；或非法律专业本科但有法律相关工作经验；托雅思7分以上，必须达到法律教育培训常设委员会就有关法学专业毕业证书课程入学要求所发出1，非护理学士学位，一般不低于二等荣誉，及2.中学会考五科合格，医学学士学位或与化工卫生有关学士学位医学学士学位或与化工卫生有关学士学位主修生物医学或相关科学；或认可的教育机构完成中医学学科1.主修中医学，医科，护理，物理治疗或有关学科或2，完成中医学文凭及取得香港中医注册1.主修中医学，或2，完成中医学文凭及取得香港中医注册执业资格证需参加入学面试理学或工程学本科毕业，可能要参加入学面试或笔试建筑学相关专业本科或同等学历毕业，有相关工作经验有2年以上工作经验优先考虑持有香港或其他英语国家大学颁发之学位，托福580以上（书面），92以上（网考），雅思7分持有香港或其他英语国家大学颁发之学位，托福550以上（书面），79以上（网考），雅思6.5持有香港或其他英语国家大学颁发之学位，托福550以上（书面），79以上（网考），雅思6.5持有香港或其他英语国家大学颁发之学位，托福550以上（书面），79以上（网考），雅思6.5持有香港或其他英语国家大学颁发之学位，托福550以上（书面），79以上（网考），雅思6.5本科毕业本科毕业需一篇声明修读目的的文章(1-2页）心理学本科或心理学学士后文凭，且持有香港心理学学会会员资格；英文自述（750字），包挂本科毕业及需通过本学部所设的心理学概论甄别考试(曾修心理学概论者可豁免）本科毕业，成绩乙等以上本科毕业，成绩乙等以上，本科毕业或持有相等于学士学位之专业资格，提交一篇申读文章本科毕业或持有相等于学士学位之专业资格，还需500字的文章，阐述读本专业的目的本科毕业或持有相等于学士学位之专业资格本科毕业会面试或电话面试人名单会面试或电话面试人名单会面试或电话面试人名单会面试或电话面试目标，和一份applicant writing,最终候选人名单会面试或电话面试趣/目标，有可能需参加面试需参加面试和笔试法律学科文凭，成绩良好 2.GMAT成绩 3，雅思7分以上，托福580（书面），92（机考）以上，（近两年）或大学英试优秀；若需要，需通过书面考试其他学科大学毕业生，有计算机经验亦可业，或于专上完成一课程，并获得一荣誉学士学位专业资格 2.雅思7分以上，托福580（书面），92（机考）以上科或高等院校毕业，或于专上完成一课程，并获得一荣誉学士学位专业资格 2.雅思7分以上，托福580（书面），93关工作经验；托福不低于570（书面），88分（机考），雅思不低于6.5，大学六级不低于453法律相关工作经验；托福不低于570（书面），88分（机考），雅思不低于6.5，大学六级不低于454法律相关工作经验；托福不低于570（书面），88分（机考），雅思不低于6.5，大学六级不低于455证书课程入学要求所发出声明内容的要求，详查得香港中医注册执业资格证以上（网考），雅思7分以上以上（网考），雅思6.5分以上以上（网考），雅思6.5分以上以上（网考），雅思6.5分以上以上（网考），雅思6.5分以上文自述（750字），包挂以下内容：性格，那些因素有助于或妨碍我的专业发展，描述意见重要的个人经验及其对你者可豁免）的目的两年）或大学英语六级450分以上（机考）以上托福580（书面），93（机考）以上工商管理要求：GMAT分数，获得学术资格后至少3年工作经验人经验及其对你的影响。

KJ06-职业环境与健康-双语课件(1)

Occupational:
• Referring to the workplace
• Occupational hazards • Occupational disease
Content of Occupational health and Occupational medicine
• • • • ①Occupational hazards ②Risk Assessment ③Acceptable Level of Risk ④Prevent(ion) and Control
Work（or occupational） conditions
☆Production procedure（technique， equipment，material，technical flow，etc） ☆Working course （organization，layout，posture and working manner，etc） ☆Workplace environment （indoor， air environment and outdoor）
◆Familiar occupational toxicant in work environment
① Metal and metalloid Such as lead，mercury， manganese，phosphor，arsenic， sulfur，etc. ② organic solvent Such as benzene，toluene， carbon tetrachloride ，etc.
1、Occupational hadverse effects
3、Prevention and control of
Occupational adverse effects

社会医学中英文对照

社会医学英汉词汇对照表AA type behavior A 型行为模式ability of life, ADL 日常生活活动能力accessible 可获得性accessible care 可及性服务accident 事故achievable age 增长年龄acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS 获得性免疫缺陷综合症/艾滋病activity life expectancy 活动期望寿命adaptation 适应度adolescent pregnancy 青少年妊娠adverse drug reaction，ADR 药物不良反应affection 情感度alternate form reliability 复本信度American social health association, ASHA 美国社会健康协会appraisal age 评价年龄articles of agreement of the international bank for 国际复兴与开发银行reconstruction and developmentattributable burden 归因疾病负担比avoidable burden 可避免的疾病负担比Bbehavioral risk of factor surveillance system, BRFSS 行为危险因素监测系统biomedical model 生物医学模式bio-psycho-social medical model 生物-心理-社会医学模式blue cross 蓝十字blue shield 蓝盾bodily pain, BP 躯体疼痛body mass index, BMI 体重指数法Ccare 医疗保健case control study 病例对照研究ceiling 限额方式center on outcomes research and education, CORE 结局研究与教育中心centers for disease control and prevention, CDC 美国疾病控制中心chronic non-communicable diseases 慢性非传染性疾病cohort study 队列研究commerce 商务community 社区community health services, CHS 社区卫生服务community medicine 社区医学comprehensive care 综合性服务connection 连接construct validity 结构效度consumer 需方content 内容content validity 内容效度continuity care 连续性服务coordinated care 协调性服务co-payment 共付方式coping style 应付方式cost benefit analysis, CBA 成本效益分析cost effectiveness analysis, CEA 成本效果分析cost utility analysis, CUA 成本效用分析counter culture 反文化criterion validity 准则效度Ddeductible 起付线Delphi 德尔菲法department for international development, DFID 英国国际发展署dependence 依赖detoxification 脱毒deviant behavior 越轨行为disability/disabilities 残疾disability adjusted life expectancy, DALE 疾病调整期望寿命disability adjusted life year, DALY 伤残调整寿命年disability free life expectancy, DFLE 无残疾期望寿命disease 疾病disease and treatment related symptoms 疾病治疗的相关症状disease burden 疾病负担drugs 药物Eecological model 生态学模式economic intervention 经济干预economic status or factors 经济状况或因素educational intervention 教育干预emotional well-being 情感状况empathy 移情enforcement intervention 强制干预engineering intervention 工程干预EuroQOL five-dimension questionnaire, EQ-5D 欧洲生存质量测定量表Eysenck personality questionnaire, EPQ 艾森克人格问卷Fface validity 表面效果family 家庭family medicine 家庭医学family systems theory 家庭系统理论fee for service, FFS 服务项目收费系统focus group discussion 专题小组讨论food and drug administration, FDA 食品与药物管理局full health 完全健康functional 功能functional assessment of cancer therapy, FACT 癌症治疗功能评价系统functional living index cancer scale, FLIC 癌症病人生活功能指数functional status 机能状态functional well-being 功能状况Ggeneral health, GH 总体健康general practitioner, GP 全科医生global burden of disease, GBD 全球负担疾病global inventory of stress, GIS 压力测量量表globalization 全球化gross domestic product, GDP 国内生产总值gross national product, GNP 国民生产总值growth 成长度Hhandicaps 残障hardship due to cancer 因癌造成的艰难health 健康health care management 卫生管理学health behavior 健康行为health care system 医疗保健制度health human resource 卫生人力资源health insurance 健康保险health maintenance organization, HMO 健康维持组织health management 健康管理health perception 健康意识health policy support project, HPSP 卫生政策支持项目health related behavior 健康相关行为health related quality of life, HRQOL 健康相关生命质量health risk factors 健康危险因素health risk factors appraisal, HRA 健康危险因素评价health services demand 卫生服务需求health services need 卫生服务需要health services research 卫生服务研究health services use or utilization 卫生服务利用health services want 卫生服务要求health-for-all policy for the twenty-first century 21世纪人人享有卫生保健healthy life expectancy, HALE 健康期望寿命high risk strategy 高危策略hospice care 临终关怀服务household health interview survey 家庭健康询问调查human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Iillicit drug 非法药物illness 病患impairment 缺损important 重要性in-depth interview 深入访谈index medicus, IM 医学索引injury 伤害internalization 内化intentional injury 故意伤害international federation of red cross and red crescent 国际红十字会与红新月会联合会societiesinternational quality of life assessment, IQOLA 国际生命质量评价项目international society for quality of life research 国际生命质量研究协会ISOQOLInternet addiction, IA 网络成瘾KKarnofsky performance status, KPS Karnofsky功能状况量表Katz index Kate量表koro 恐缩症Llabel 标签legitimation 合法化life event 生活事件life expectancy free of disability, LEFD 无残疾期望寿命life experiences survey, LES 生活事件压力问卷limitation of activity 活动受限linear analogue self-assessment, LASA 线性模拟自我评估表long-term care 长期照顾Mmanaged care 管理型医疗保健组织mass screening 群体筛查medicaid 穷人医疗保险medical insurance 医疗保险mechanistic medical model 机械论医学模式medical model 医学模式medical outcomes study, MOS 医疗结果调查表medical psychology 医学心理学medical sociology 医学社会学medical subject headings, MeSH 医学主题词medicare 老人医疗保险medifund 保健基金medisave 保健储蓄medishield 医保双全mental disorders 精神保障mental health, MH 精神健康mobility, MOB 移动model 模式multiple cause/multiple effect 多因多果multiple cause/single effect 多因单果Nnarcotic anonymous 匿名戒毒协会national cancer institute, NCI 美国国立癌症研究所national health service, NHS 国家卫生服务nature philosophical medical model 自然哲学医学模式nausea 恶心nominal group discussion 选题小组讨论Nottingham health profile, NHP 诺丁汉健康量表nursing home 护理院Oobservation 观察Ppalliative medicine 姑息医学partnership 合作度pathological internet use, PIU 病态网络使用patient 病人payer 支付方perceived need 觉察到的需要peri-menopause 围绝经期perinatal health care 围产保健personality 人格personalized care 人格化服务physical 生理physiological activity capability, PAC 生理活动physical and occupational function 生理和职业功能physical dependence 生理依赖physical functioning, PF 生理功能physical quality of life index, PQLI 生活质量指数physical well-being 生理状况physical well-being and ability 躯体良好和能力population attributable risk 人群归因危险度population strategy 全人群策略potential impact fractions, PIF 潜在影响分数potential need 潜在需要potential years of life lost, PYLL 减少人年数preferred provide organization, PPO 优先提供者组织pre-marriage care 婚前保健prevalence of risk 危险因素暴露率preventive medicine 预防医学primary prevention 一级预防provider 提供者/供方psychoactive substances 精神活性物质psychological 心理psychological and social well-being 心理和社会的良好状况psychological dependence 心理依赖psychological state 心理状态psychological well-being 心理良好psychotic disorders 精神病性障碍Qquality of life, QOL 生命质量quality of life instruments 癌症患者生命质量测定量表系列for cancer patients, QLICPquality of life scale for patients with Type 2 diabetes 2型糖尿病患者生活质量量表mellitus, DMQLSquality of life research 生命质量研究杂志quality of well-being scale, QWB 良好适应状态指数quality-adjusted life years, QALY 生命质量调整年questionnaire 问卷Rrecognition 认同recommended & dietary allowance 膳食营养推荐标准relative risk, RR 相对危险度reliability 信度reliable 可靠性reported health transition, HT 健康变化representative 代表性resolve 亲密度response shift 反应转移reward system 犒赏中枢ripple effect 涟漪反应road traffic injury 道路交通伤害role-emotional, RE 情感职能role-physical, RP 生理职能Sscreening 筛查secondary prevention 二级预防selective screening 选择性筛查sensitive 敏感性severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS 严重急性呼吸道综合症sexually transmitted diseases, STDs 性传播性疾病sexually transmitted infections, STIs 性传播性感染sickness 患病sickness impact profile, SIP 疾病影响量表single cause/single effect 单因单果social 社会social activity capability, SAC 社会活动social capital 社会资本social class 社会阶层social determinant for health 健康社会决定因素social engineering 社会工程social equity 社会公平性social factor 社会因素social functioning, SF 社会功能social interaction 社会互动状况social medicine 社会医学social problem 社会问题social support 社会支持social vulnerable group 社会弱势群体social well-being 社会良好social/family well-being 社会/家庭状况sociopathy 社会病specific 特异性spiritualism medical model 神灵主义医学模式split-half reliability 折半信度strain 紧张stress 压力stress management 压力管理stress reaction 压力反应stressor 压力源structured interview 结构式访谈subculture 亚文化substances 成瘾物质suicide 自杀supplier 药物和机械、设备供应商surveillance of disease 疾病监测sustainable development 可持续发展Ttertiary prevention 三级预防test-retest reliability 复测信度the MOS 36-item short form health survey, SF-36 36调目简明健康量表the European organization for research and 欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织treatment of cancer, EORTCthe 35-item QOL questionnaire, QOL-35 中国人生活质量普适量表the WHO quality of life assessment instrument, 卫生组织生存质量测定量表WHOQOLthe world organization of national colleges, 世界全科医师/家庭医师学会academies and academic associations of generalpractitioners/family physicians, WONCAthird party 第三方two pronged strategy 双向策略Uunintentional injury 意外伤害united nations children fund 联合国儿童基金会united nations international children emergency 联合国国际儿童紧急救援基金会fund, UNICEFurban health and poverty project, UHPP 城市社区卫生服务与贫困救助项目useful 实用性Vvalid 有效性validity 效度venereal disease 性病visual analogue scale, V AS 视觉模拟尺度vitality, VT 活力Voodoo death 伏都死Wwhole-person care 人格化服务withdrawal symptoms 戒断症状world bank, WB 世界银行world health organization WHO 世界卫生组织Yyears lived with disability, YLD 伤残损失健康生命年years of life lost, YLL 死亡损失健康生命年。

职业卫生与职业医学-常用英语词汇

《职业卫生与职业医学》常用英语词汇occupational health 职业卫生学industrial hygiene 工业卫生工程学Occupational hazard 职业性危害Occupational adverse effect／damage 职业性损害／损伤Occupational tolerance 职业耐受性Occupationalinjury／workinjury 工伤Occupationaldisorders 职业性疾患Occupationaldiseases 职业病Diagnosisofoccupational disease 职业病的诊断Emergencyrescuecenter 应急救援中心healthpromotion 健康促进compensabledisease 需赔偿的疾病work—relateddisease 工作有关疾病occupationalstigma 职业特征hostriskfactor 个体危险因素highriskgroup 高危人群occupationalhealthservice 职业卫生服务threelevelsofprevention 三级预防primary prevention 第一级预防secondaryprevention 第二级预防tertiaryprevention 第三级预防primaryhealthcare 初级卫生保健workphysio1ogy 工作(职业)生理学occupational psychology职业心理学ergonomics 人类工效学humanfactorsengineering 人机因素工程学mentalwork 脑力劳动physicalwork 体力劳动oxygendemand 氧需maximumoxygenuptake 氧上限oxygendebt 氧债steadystate 稳定状态intensity of work 工作强度shift work 轮班制dualclassificationofworkintensity 工作强度双重分级法static work／effort 静力作业isometric contraction 等长性收缩dynamic work 动态作业isotonic contraction 等张性收缩dynamic stereotype 动力定型occupational stress 职业性紧张stressor 紧张因素stress 紧张strainorstressreaction 紧张反应modifier 调节(缓解)因素person—environmentfitmodel 人一环境相适应模式jobdemands—controlmodel 工作需求一控制模式psychosocial stresses 社会心理紧张quantitative overload 超负荷quantitative underload 负荷不足work capacity 作业能力induction period 入门期steady period 稳定期fatigue period 疲劳期terminal motivation 终末激发training 锻炼exercise 练习fatigue 疲劳overstrain 过劳physical stress 体力紧张psychological strain 心理过劳mismatch 失衡micropause 工间小歇break 工间休息active rest 积极休息physicalstrain 体力过劳occupationalcumulativetraumaordisorders 职业蓄积性损伤或疾患flatfoot 扁平脚varicosityoflowerextremity 下肢静脉曲张abdominalhernia 腹疝kyphosis 驼背scoliosis 脊柱侧凸lowbackpain 下背痛lumbarinsufficiency 腰肌劳损lumbago 腰痛sciatica 坐骨神经痛temosynovitis 腱鞘炎occupationalcramp 职业性痉挛occupationalneurosis 职业性神经机能症writer'scramp 书写痉挛styloiditis 茎突炎epicondylitis 上踝炎periarthritis 关节周炎bursitis 滑囊炎Dupuytren’scontracture 掌挛缩病callus 胼胝singer’snodules 歌唱家小结节psychologicalstrain 心里过劳post—traumaticstressdisorder 外伤后紧张性精神病masspsychogenic illness 群体精神病video display terminal，VDT 视屏显示终端occupationalneckandupperextremitydisorder 职业性颈肩腕综合征computeroperatorsyndrome 电脑操作综合征dust 粉尘fume 烟vapor 蒸气gas 气体solid 固体liquid 液体mist 雾productivedust 生产性粉尘productivefume 生产性烟尘aerosol 气溶胶targetorgan 靶器官bloodbrainbarries 血脑屏障placentalbarries 胎盘屏障skinbarries 皮肤屏障absorption 吸收distribution 分布excretion 排泄blood／air partition coefficient 血／气分配系数lipid／water partition coefficient 脂／水分配系数biotransformation 生物转化depot 储存库acute poisoning 急性中毒subacute poisoning 亚急性中毒chronic poisoning 慢性中毒poison’s absorption 毒物的吸收lead 铅coproporphyrin，CP 粪卟啉freeerythrocyteprotoporphyrin，FEP 红细胞游离原卟啉zincprotoporphyrin，ZnPP 锌原卟啉一aminolaevulinic acid，一ALA —氨基一一酮戊酸transmmlganin 转锰素mercury 汞manganese 锰chromium 铬beryllium 铍zinc锌nickel 镍antimony 锑tin 锡phosphorus 磷arsenic 砷selenium 硒boron 硼irritant gas 刺激性气体chlorine 氯phosgene 光气ammonia 氨asphyxiating gas 窒息性气体organic solvents 有机溶剂benzene 苯toluene 甲苯xylene 二甲苯aniline 苯胺nitrobenzene 硝基苯carbon tetrachloride 四氯化碳vinyl chloride 氯乙烯acrylonitrile 丙烯腈styrene 苯乙烯butadiene 丁二烯carbon disulfide 二硫化碳phenols compound 酚类化物hippuric acid 马尿酸methyl hippuric acid 甲基马尿酸Heinz body 赫恩滋小体trinitrotoluene 三硝基甲苯aniline 阿尼林(苯胺)plastics 塑料synthetic fiber 合成纤维synthetic rubber 合成橡胶polymer 聚合物monomer 单体pesticide 农药insecticide 杀虫剂acaricide 杀螨剂nematocide 杀线虫剂molluscacide 杀软体动物剂rodenticide 杀鼠剂fungicide 杀菌剂herbicide 除草剂defoliant 脱叶剂plant growth regulator 植物生长调节剂organophosphorus pesticide 有机磷农药organophosphates 有机磷酸酯类thio--organophosphates 硫代有机磷酸酯类cholinesterase，ChE 胆碱酯酶acetylcholine，Ach 乙酰胆碱neurotoxic esterase，NTE 神经毒酯酶carbamates 氨基甲酸酯类carbaryl 西维因(胺甲奈)pneumoconiosis 尘肺inorganic dust 无机粉尘organic dust 有机粉尘mixed dust 混合性粉尘aerodynamic equivalent diameter，AED 空气动力学直径non—inhalable dust 非吸入性粉尘inhalable dust 可吸人性粉尘respirable dust 呼吸性粉尘impaction 撞击sedimentation 沉降diffusion 弥散interception 截留silicosis 矽肺silicatosis 硅酸盐肺carbon black pneumoconiosis 碳黑尘肺mixed dust pneumoconiosis 混合性尘肺metallic pneumoconiosis 金属尘肺byssinosis 棉尘症occupational allergic alveolitis 职业性变应性肺泡炎chronic obstructive pulmonary 非特异性慢性阻塞性肺病quartz 石英acute silicosis 速发型矽肺delayed silicosis 晚发型矽肺silanol group 硅烷醇基团hydrogen bond 氢键asbestos dust and asbestosis 石棉粉尘和石棉肺chrysotile 温石棉amphibole group 闪石类crocidolite 青石棉amosite 铁石棉anthophyllite 直闪石themolite 透闪石actinolite 阳闪石hornblende 角闪石ferruginous body 含铁小体coal worker's pneumoconiosis 煤工尘肺progressive massive fibrosis，PMF 进行性大块纤维化farmer’s lung 农民肺heat stress 热应激heat load 热负荷physiological heat strain 生理性热应激反应hyperthermia 过热heat acclimatization 热适应heat stress protein，HSP 热应激蛋白heat stroke 热射病sun stroke 日射病heat cramp 热痉挛heat exhaustion 热衰竭evaporation 蒸发radiation 辐射natural ventilation 自然通风mechanical ventilation 机械通风bends 屈肢症acclimatization 习服noise 噪声sound pressure 声压threshold of hearing 听阈threshold of paining 痛阈sound intensity 声强sound level 声级decibel，dB 分贝sound frequency 声频infrasonics 次声ultrasonics 超声octave band 频带loudness 响度loudness level 响度级equal loudness contours 等响曲线weighted sound level 计权声级speech interference level 语言干扰级impulsive noise 脉冲噪声steady state noise 稳态噪声auditory adaptation 听觉适应auditory fatigue 听觉疲劳temporary hearing threshold shift，TTS 暂时性听闻位移permanent hearing threshold shift，PTS 永久性听同位移hearing impairment 听力损伤noise—induced deafness 噪声性耳聋explosive deafness 暴震性耳聋vibration 振动vibrational frequency 振动频率displacement 位移amplitude 振幅velocity 速度acceleration 加速度peak value 峰值peak--to—peak value 峰一峰值average value 平均值natural frequency 固有频率resonance 共振resonant frequency 共振频率frequency weighted acceleration 频率计权加速度whole—body vibration 全身振动segmental vibration 局部振动hand—transmitted vibration 手传振动hand—arm vibration 手臂振动motion sickness 运动病Raynaud's phenomenon 雷诺氏现象Segmental vibrational disease 局部振动病Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin 职业性雷诺氏现象Vibrational white finger，VWF 振动性白指hand—arm vibrational syndrome，HA V 手臂振动综合征vibrationa disease 振动性疾病reduced comfort boundary 舒适界限降低fatigue—decreased proficiency 疲劳减效界限boundary exposure limit 承受极限nonionizing radiation 非电离辐射electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射electromagnetic radiation spectrum 电磁辐射谱high frequency electromagnetic field 高频电磁场microwave 微波infrared radiation 红外辐射ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射electro--ophthalmitis 电光性眼炎laser 激光ionizing radiation 电离辐射decompress 减压病al sickness 高空病mountain sickness 高山病occupational tumors 职业肿瘤occupationally carcinogenic factors 职业致癌因素chloro--methyl--methyl--ether 氯甲甲醚environmental monitoring 环境监测biological monitoring 生物学监测external exposure 外接触internal exposure 内接触health surveillance 健康监护pre—employment examination 就业前检查periodical examination 定期检查screening 筛检occupational epidemiology 职业流行病学association 联系causal relationship 因果关系exposure—response relationship 接触一反应关系exposure—effect relationship 接触一效应关系analytic epidemiologic study 分析性流行病学调查cross—sectional study 断面调查cohort study 队列调查prospective study 前瞻性调查historical prospective study 历史性前瞻调查retrospective cohort study 回顾性队列调查follow—up study／longitudinal study 纵向性随访研究case—control study 病例一对照调查retrospective study 回顾性调查relative risk，RR 相对危险度attributable risk，AR 归因危险度odds ratio，OR 比数比standardized mortality ratio，SMR 标化死亡比standardized incidence ratio，SIR 标化发病比proportional mortality ratio，PMR 比例死亡比toxicity 毒性risk 危险性risk assessment 危险度评定acceptable risk 可接受的危险度hazard identification 危害识别qualitative risk assessment 危险度的定性评定dose—response assessment 剂量一反应评定quantitative risk assessment 危险度的定量评定response 反应effect 效应uncertainty factor 不肯定因素exposure assessment 接触评定exposure estimation 接触估测risk characterization 危险度特征分析risk management 危险度管理generally regarded as safe level 一般认为安全的水平virtually safe dose，VSD 实际上安全剂量health standard 卫生标准exposure limit 接触限量maximum allowable concentration，MAC 最高容许浓度threshold limit value，TLV 阈限值threshold limit value--timeweighted average, TLV-TWA时间加权干均阈限值threshold limit value—shortterm exposurelimit, TLV-STEL 短时间接触阈限值thresholdlimit valueceiling，TLV--C 上限值permissibleexposurelimit，PEL 容许接触限值health—basedoccupationalexposurelimit 保证健康的职业接触限值maximumallowablebiologicalconcentration，MABC 最高容许生物浓度biologicalexposurelimit 生物学接触限值biologicalexposureindex，BEI 生物接触指数adverseeffect 有害效应technologicalfeasibility 技术上可行性economicfeasibility 经济上可行性industrialventilation 工业通风heat pressure 热压air dynamic pressure 风压fan 普通风扇spraying fan 喷雾风扇lighting 采光illumination 照明luminous flux 光通量brightness 亮度lighting coefficient，C 采光系数protective clothing 防护服regulation for occupational health 劳动卫生法规preventive health inspection 预防性卫生监督routine health inspection 经常性卫生监督occupational health of working women 妇女劳动卫生extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性变压性肺泡炎small scale industry 小工业confounding effects 混杂效应maximum oxygen intake 最大摄氧量heart rate，HR 心率stepping test 阶梯试验maximum permissible limit 最大容许限值pneumonometer 肺通气量仪validation 验证discriminant analysis 判别分析stepwise regression analysis 逐步回归分析方法Average Batch CV，ABCV 平均批变异系数Reference value 参考值Critical Value 临界值Equivalent continuous A—weighted sound pressure level 等效连续A声级。

临床医学英文

来源：穆山林SAM的日志1、抗生素医嘱[Antibiotic order]·Prophylaxis [预防性用药] Duration of oder[用药时间] 24hr Procedure[操作，手术]·Empiric theraphy [经验性治疗]Suspected site and organism[怀疑感染的部位和致病菌] 72hr Cultures ordered[是否做培养]·Documented infection[明确感染]Site and organism[部位和致病菌] 5days·Other[其他]Explanation required [解释理由] 24hr·Antibiotic allergies[何种抗生素过敏]No known allergy [无已知的过敏]·Drug+dose+Route+frequency[药名+剂量+途径+次数]2、医嘱首页[Admission / transfer]·Admit / transfer to [收入或转入]·Resident [住院医师] Attending[主治医师]·Condition [病情]·Diagnosis[诊断]·Diet [饮食]·Acitivity [活动]·Vital signs[测生命体征]·I / O [记进出量]·Allergies[过敏]3、住院病历[case history]·Identification [病人一般情况]Name[性名]Sex[性别]Age [年龄]Marriage[婚姻]Person to notify and phone No.[联系人及电话]Race[民族]I.D.No.[身份证]Admission date[入院日期]Source of history[病史提供者]Reliability of history[可靠程度]Medical record No[病历号]Business phone No.[工作单位电话]Home address and phone No.[家庭住地及电话]·Chief complaint[主诉]·History of present illness[现病史]·Past History[过去史]Surgical[外科]Medical[内科]Medications[用药]Allergies[过敏史]Social History[社会史]Habits[个人习惯]Smoking[吸烟]Family History[家族史]Ob/Gyn History[ 婚姻/生育史]Alcohol use[喝酒]·Review of Aystems[系统回顾]General[概况]Eyes,Ears,Nose and throat[五官] Pulmonary[呼吸]Cardiovascular[心血管]GI[消化]GU[生殖、泌尿系统]Musculoskeletal[肌肉骨骼]Neurology[神经系统]Endocrinology[内分泌系统]Lymphatic/Hematologic[淋巴系统/血液系统] ·Physical Exam[体检]Vital Signs[生命体征]P[脉博]Bp[血压]R[呼吸]T[温度]Height[身高]Weight[体重]General[概况]HEENT[五官]Neck[颈部]Back/Chest[背部/胸部]Breast[乳房]Heart[心脏]Heart rate[心率]Heart rhythm[心律]Heart Border[心界]Murmur[杂音]Abdomen[腹部]Liver[肝]Spleen[脾]Rectal[直肠]Genitalia[生殖系统]Extremities[四肢]Neurology[神经系统]cranial nerves[颅神经]sensation[感觉]Motor[运动]*Special P.E. on diseased organ system[专科情况]*Radiographic Findings[放射]*Laboratory Findings[化验]*Assessment[初步诊断与诊断依据]*Summary[病史小结]*Treatment Plan[治疗计划]4、输血申请单[Blood bank requisition form](1)reason for infusion[输血原因]▲红细胞[packed red cells, wshed RBCs]:*Hb<8.5 [血色素<8.5]*>20% blood volume lost [>20%血容量丢失]*cardio-pulmonary bypass with anticipated Hb <8[心肺分流术伴预计血色素<8]*chemotherapy or surgery with Hb <10[血色素<10的化疗或手术者]▲全血[whole blood]:massive on-going blood loss[大量出血]▲血小板[platelets]:*massive blood transfusion >10 units[输血10单位以上者]*platelet count <50×103/μl with active bleeding or surgery[血小板<5万伴活动性出血或手术者]*Cardio-pulmonary bypass uith pl<100×103/μl with octive bleeding[心肺分流术伴血小板<10万，活动性出血者]*Platelet count <20×103/μl[血板<2万]▲新鲜冰冻血浆[fresh frozen plasma]:*documented abnormal PT or PTT with bleeding or Surgery[PT、PTT异常的出血或手术病人]*specific clotting factor deficiencies with bleeding/surgerg[特殊凝血因子缺乏的出血/手术者]*blood transfusion >15units[输血>15个单位]*warfarin or antifibrinolytic therapy with bleeding[华法令或溶栓治疗后出血]*DIC[血管内弥漫性凝血]*Antithrombin III dficiency[凝血酶III 缺乏](2)输血要求[request for blood components]*patient blood group[血型]*Has the patient had transfusion or pregnancy in the past 3 months? [近3个月，病人是否输过血或怀孕过？]*Type and crossmatch[血型和血交叉]*Units or ml[单位或毫升]5、出院小结[discharge summary]Patient Name[病人姓名]Medical Record No.[病历号]Attending Physician[主治医生]Date of Admission[入院日期]Date of Discharge[出院日期]Pirncipal Diagnosis[主要诊断]Secondary Diagnosis[次要诊断]Complications[并发症]Operation[手术名称]Reason for Admission[入院理由]Physical Findings[阳性体征]Lab/X-ray Findings[化验及放射报告]Hospital Course[住院诊治经过]Condition[出院状况]Disposition[出院去向]Medications[出院用药]Prognosis[预后]Special Instruction to the Patient(diet, physical activity)[出院指导（饮食，活动量）]Follow-up Care[随随访]6、住院/出院病历首页[Admission/discharge record]·Patient name[病人姓名]·race[种族]·address[地址]·religion[宗教]·medical service[科别]·admit (discharge) date[入院（出院）日期]·Length of stay [住院天数]·guarantor name [担保人姓名]·next of kin or person to notify[需通知的亲属姓名]·relation to patient[与病人关系]·previous admit date[上次住院日期]·admitting physician [入院医生]·attending phgsician[主治医生]·admitting diagnosis[入院诊断]·final (principal) diagnosis[最终（主要）诊断]·secondary diagnosis[次要诊断]·adverse reactions (complications)[副作用（合并症）]·incision type[切口类型]·healing course[愈合等级]·operative (non-operative) procedures[手术（非手术）操作] ·nosocomial infection[院内感染]·consutants[会诊]·Critical-No. of times[抢救次数]·recovered-No. of times[成功次数]·Diagnosis qualitative analysis[诊断质量]OP.adm.and discharge Dx concur [门诊入院与出院诊断符合率]Clinical and pathological Dx concur[临床与病理诊断符合率]Pre- and post-operative Dx concur [术前术后诊断符合率]·Dx determined with in 24 hours (3 days) after admission[入院后24小时（3天）内确诊]·Discharge status[出院状况]recovered[治愈]improved[好转]not improved[未愈]died [死亡]·Dispositon[去向]home[家]against medical ad[自动出院]autosy[尸检]transferred to[转院到]医学英语常用前后缀医学英语常用前后缀·a-[无，缺] ▲anemia[贫血] atonia[无张力] asymptomatic[无症状的] amenorrhea[闭经] ·ab-[分离] abduct [外展] abscision[切除] ·acou (acu)-[听觉] ac umeter [听力计] acouophone[助听器] ·acro-[肢端] acromegaly[肢端肥大症] acromastit is[乳头炎] ·ad (af, an)-[邻近，向上] adrenal [肾上腺] adaxial[近轴的] annexa[附件] ·-ad[……侧] ventrad[向腹侧] cephalad[向头侧] ·adeno-[腺] adenocyte[腺细胞] adenoidis m[腺体病] ·adipo-[脂肪] adiposis[肥胖症] adiponecrosis[脂肪坏死] ·adreno-[肾上腺] a drenocorticoid[肾上腺皮质激素] adrenalin[肾上腺素] adrenal[肾上腺] ·-aemia(emia)[血症] bacteremia[菌血症] leukemia[白血病] ·-albi (albino)-[白色] albumin[白蛋白] albinis m[白化病] ·-algesia[痛觉] ▲hypoalgesia[痛觉减退] ·-algia[痛] ▲arthralgia[关节痛] ▲c ephalgia[头痛] ▲neuralgia[神经痛] ·alkali-[碱] ▲alkalosis[碱中毒] ·alveo-[牙槽，小沟] ▲alveolitis[牙槽炎] ▲alveobronchiolitis[支气管肺泡炎] ·ambi-[复，双] ambiopia[复视] ambivert[双重性格] ·ambly-[弱] ▲amblyopia[弱视] ▲amblyaphia[触觉迟钝] ·amylo-[淀粉] ▲amyloidosis[淀粉酶] ▲amylase[淀粉酶] ·angio-[血管] ▲angiography[血管造影术]▲angioedema[血管性水肿] ▲angeitis[脉管炎] ▲angiofibroma[血管纤维瘤] ·ante-[前]▲antenatal[出生前的] ▲anteflexion[前屈] ·antero-[前] ▲anterolateral[前侧壁] ▲ant eroventral[前腹侧] ·anti-[抗，反] ▲antibiotics[抗生素] ▲antihypertensives[降压药] ▲a nticoagulant[抗凝剂] ·rarchno-[蛛网膜] ▲arachnoiditis[蛛网膜炎] ·archo-[肛门，直肠] ▲archorrhagia[肛门出血] ▲archosyrinx[直肠灌注器] ·arterio-[动脉] ▲arteriospasm[动脉痉挛] ▲arteriosclerosis[动脉硬化] ·arthro-[关节] ▲arthrocentesis[关节穿刺] ▲arthro tomy[关节切开术] ▲arthritis[关节炎] ·-ase[酶] ▲oxidase[氧化酶] ▲proteinase[蛋白酶]·-asthenia[无力] ▲myasthenia[肌无力] ▲neurasthenia[神经衰弱] ·audio(audito)-[听力]▲audiology[听觉学] ▲audiometer[听力计] ·auto-[自己] ▲autoimmune[自身免疫] ▲a uto hemotherapy[自体血疗法] ·bacilli-[杆菌] ▲bacillosis[杆菌病] ▲bacilluria[杆菌尿]·bacterio-[细菌] ▲bacteriology[细菌学] ▲bactericide[杀菌剂] ·baro-[压力] ▲baromet er [压力计] ▲baroreceptor[压力感受器] ·bary-[迟钝] ▲barylalia[言语不清] ▲baryacusi a[听觉迟钝] ·bi-[双] ▲bicuspid[二尖瓣]] ▲bilateral[两侧的] ·bili-[胆汁] ▲bilirubin[胆红素] ·bio-[生命] ▲biology[生物学] ▲biopsy[活检] ·-blast[母细胞] ▲spermatoblast[精子细胞] ▲melanoblast[成黑色素细胞] ▲osteoblast[成骨细胞] ·brachy-[短] ▲brachypn ea[气短] ▲brachydactylia[短指畸形] ·brady-[迟缓] ▲bradycardia[心动过缓] ▲bradyps ychia[精神不振] ·broncho-[支气管] ▲bronchoscopy[支气管镜检查] ▲bronchiostenosis [支气管痉挛] ▲bronchitis[支气管炎] ·bronchiolo-[细支气管] ▲bronchiolectasis[细支气管扩张] ·calci-[钙] ▲calcification[钙化] ▲calcicosilicosis[钙沉着症] ·carbo-[碳] ▲carbo hydrate[碳水化合物] ▲carbohaemia[碳酸血症] ·carcino-[癌] ▲carcinogen[致癌物] ·car dio-[心，贲门] ▲cardiotonics[强心剂] ▲cardioplasty[贲门成形术] ·-cele[疝，肿物] ▲o mphalocele[脐疝] ▲hysterocele[子宫脱垂] ▲ophthalmocele[眼球突出] ·celio-[腹] ▲cel ialgia[腹痛] ▲celioscopy[腹腔镜检查] ·-centesis[穿刺] ▲arthrocentesis[关节穿刺术] ▲abdominocentesis[腹穿] 3 回复：医学英语常用前后缀·cephalo-[头] ▲cephaloxia[斜颈] ▲cephalopathy[头部疾病] ▲cephalotomy[穿颅术] ·cerebello-[小脑] ▲cerebellitis[小脑炎] ▲cerebellum[小脑] ·cerebro-[大脑] ▲cerebritis[大脑炎] ▲cerebrology[脑学] ·che mo-[化学] ▲chemotherapy[化疗] ·chloro-[绿，氯] ▲chloroform[氯仿] ▲chloromycetin [氯霉素] ▲chlorophyll[叶绿素] ·cholangio-[胆道] ▲cholangitis[胆管炎] ▲cholangiectasi s[胆管扩张] ·cholo-[胆] ▲cholagogue[利胆剂] ▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] ▲cholecystitis [胆囊炎] ▲cholesterol[胆固醇] ·chondro-[软骨] ▲chondrosarcoma[软骨肉瘤] ▲chondr ification[骨软化] ·chromo-[色素] ▲cytochrome[细胞色素] ▲chromosome[染色体] ·-cid e[杀……剂] ▲germicide[杀菌剂] ▲aborticide[堕胎药] ·circum-[周围] ▲circumoral[口周的] ▲circumcision[包皮环切术] ·coagulo-[凝固] ▲coagulant[凝血剂] ·colo-[结肠] ▲col otomy[结肠切开术] ▲coloptosis[结肠下垂] ·colpo (coleo)-[阴道] ▲coleospastia[阴道痉挛] ▲colposcope[阴道镜] ·contra-[反，逆] ▲contraindication[禁忌证] ▲contraceptive [避孕药] ·counter-[反，逆] ▲counteragent[拮抗剂] ▲conuterpoison[解毒剂] ·cranio-[颅]▲craniomalacia[颅骨软化] ▲cranioclasis[碎颅术] ·-cyst-[囊] ▲cystomy[膀胱切开术] ▲dacryocyst[泪囊] ·-cyte-[细胞] ▲lymphocyte[淋巴细胞] ▲cytolysis[细胞溶解] ·de-[除去] ▲detoxication[解毒] ·dento[牙] ▲dentistry[牙科学] ▲dentalgia[牙痛] ·-derm-[皮肤] ▲epiderm[表皮] ▲dermatology[皮肤病学] ▲dermoplasty[皮肤成形术] ·dextro-[右]▲dextrocardia[右位心] ▲dexiotropic[右旋的] ·dis-[分离] ▲discission[分离术] ▲disinf ection[消毒法] ·duodeno-[十二指肠] ▲duodenitis[十二指肠炎] ▲duodenostomy[十二指肠造口术] ·-dynia[痛] ▲acrodynia[肢体痛] ▲urethrodynia[尿道痛] ·dys-[异常] ▲dysfu nction[功能不良] ▲dyshormonism[内分泌障碍] ▲dysuria[排尿困难] ·-ectasis[扩张] ▲g astroectasis[胃扩张] ▲aerenterectasia[肠胀气] ▲bronchiectasia[支气管扩张] ·-ectomy [切除术] ▲appendectomy[阑尾切除术] ▲lipectomy[脂肪切除术] ·-edema[水肿] ▲ence phaledema[脑水肿] ▲myxedema[粘液性水肿] ·-emesia[呕] ▲hematemesia[呕血] ▲he lminthemesia[吐虫] ·encephalo-[脑] ▲encephaloma[脑瘤] ▲encephaledema[脑水肿]·endo-[内] ▲endocarditis[心内膜炎] ▲endoscope[内窥镜] ·entero-[肠] ▲enteritis[肠炎] ▲enterovirus[肠病毒] ·epi-[上，外] ▲epigastrium[上腹部] ·erythro-[红] ▲erythro mycin[红霉素] ▲erythroderma[红皮病] ·esophago-[食管] ▲esophagoscope[食管镜] ▲esophagitis[食管炎] ·extra-[……外] ▲extracellular[细胞外的] ▲extrasystole[额外收缩]·facio-[面] ▲facioplegia[面瘫] ▲facioplasty[面部成形术] ·-fast[耐] ▲acid-fast[抗酸的]▲uviofast[耐紫外线] ·febri-[热] ▲febricula[低热] ▲febrifacient[致热的] ·feti-[胎儿]▲feticulture[妊娠期卫生] ▲fetometry[胎儿测量法] ·fibro-[纤维] ▲fibroblast[成纤维细胞] ▲fibrosis[纤维化] ·fore-[前] ▲forebrain[前脑] ▲forehead[前额] ·-form[形状] ▲ov iform[卵形的] ▲granuliform[颗粒状的] ·fungi-[真菌，霉菌] ▲fungicide[杀真菌剂] ▲fungistasis[制霉菌作用] ·gastro-[胃] ▲gastroptosis[胃下垂] ▲gastroenteritis[胃肠炎] ▲ga stroscopy[胃镜检查] ▲gastratrophy[胃萎缩] ·-gen [原，剂] ▲glycogen[糖原] ▲pathog en[病原体] ▲androgen[雄激素] ▲Estrogen[雌激素] ·-genic[……性] ▲cardiogenic[心源性的] ▲allergenic[变应反应] ·giganto-[巨大] ▲gigantocyte[巨红细胞] ▲gigantism[巨大症] ·gingivo-[牙龈] ▲gingivitis[牙龈炎] ▲gingivostomatitis[牙龈口腔炎] ·glosso-[舌]▲glossoplegia[舌瘫痪] ·gluco-[糖] ▲glucoprotein[糖蛋白] ▲glucocorticoid[糖皮质激素] ·glyco-[糖] ▲glycogen[糖原] ▲glycouria[糖尿] ·-grade[级，度] ▲centigrade[摄氏温度计] ▲retrograde[逆行性] ·-gram[克，图] ▲microgram[微克] ▲electroencephalogram [脑电图] ·-graph(y)[……仪（法）] ▲electrocardiogram[心电图] ▲bronchography[支气管造影术] ·gyneco-[妇女] ▲gynecology[妇科学] ▲gynecopathy[妇科病] ·hemo(hemato)-[血] ▲hemoglobin[血红蛋白] ▲4 回复：医学英语常用前后缀hematoma[血肿] ·hemi-[半] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫] ▲hemicrania[偏头病] ·hepato-[肝] ▲hepatitis[肝炎] ▲hepato cirrhosis[肝硬化] ▲hepatosplenomegaly[肝脾肿大] ·hidro-[汗] ▲hyperhidrosis[多汗症]▲anhidrosis[无汗症] ·histo-[组织] ▲histology[组织学] ▲histomorphology[组织形态学]·holo-[全] ▲holonarcosis[全麻] ▲holoenzyme[全酶] ·homo-[同] ▲homotype[同型]▲homologue[同系物] ▲homoplasty[同种移植术] ·hydro-[水] ▲hydropericardium[心包积水] ▲hydrolysis [水解] ·hypr-[高] ▲hypercalcemia[高钙血症] ▲hyperthyroidism[甲亢] ·hypno-[睡眼] ▲hypnotics[安眠药] ▲hypnotherapy[催眠疗法] ·hypo-[低] ▲hypote nsion[低血压] ▲hypoglycemia[低血糖] ·hystero-[子宫] ▲hysterospasm[子宫痉挛] ▲hy steroptosis[子宫下垂] ·-ia[病] ▲melancholia[忧郁症] ▲pyrexia[发热] ·-iatrics[医学] ▲pediatrics[儿科学] ▲geriatrics[老年病学] ·-iatry[医学] ▲psychiatry[精神病学] ▲pediatr y[儿科学] ·immuno-[免疫] ▲immunoglobulin[免疫球蛋白] ▲immunotherapy[免疫疗法]·infra-[下] ▲infraorbital[眶下的] ▲infrared[红外线] ·inter-[间] ▲intervertebral[椎间的]▲intercellular[细胞间的] ·intra-[内] ▲intravenous[静脉内的] ▲intracranial[颅内的] ▲intramuscular[肌肉内的] ·-ist[家] ▲pathologist[病理学家] ▲anatomist[解剖学家] ·-itis [炎症] ▲cellulitis[蜂窝织炎] ▲myocarditis[心肌炎] ·leuco (leuko)-[白] ▲leucorrhea[白带] ▲leukocytosis[白细胞增多] ▲leukemia[白血病] ·lipo-(脂) ▲lipotrophy[脂肪增多]▲lipase[脂酶] ·-lith[结石] ▲cholelith[胆结石] ▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] ·-logy[学] ▲ter minology[术语学] ▲Cardiology[心脏病学] ·lumbo-[腰] ▲lumbosacral[腰骶部的] ▲lumb ago[腰背痛] ▲lumbodynia[腰痛] ·lympho-[淋巴] ▲lymphedema[淋巴水肿] ▲lymphocy topenia[淋巴细胞减少] ·-lysis(lytic)[松解，分解了] ▲aythrolysis[关节松解术] ▲spasmol ytic[解痉的] ·macro-[大] ▲macrophage[巨噬细胞] ▲macromolecule[大分子] ·mal-[不良] ▲malnutrition[营养不良] ▲malfunction[功能不全] ·-megaly[巨大] ▲cardiomegaly [心扩大] ▲cephalomegaly[巨头畸形] ·meningo-[脑膜] ▲meningitis[脑膜炎] ▲meningo cephalitis[脑膜脑炎] ·meno-[月经] ▲dysmenorrhea[痛经] ▲menopause[停经] ·-meter [表，计] ▲spirometer[肺活量计] ▲pyrometer[高温表] ·-metry[测量法] ▲iodometry[碘定量法] ·micro-[小] ▲micropump[微泵] ▲microliter[微升] ·mono-[单-] ▲mononucleos is[单核细胞增多] ▲monomer[单体] ·multi-[多] ▲multinuclear[多核的] ▲multipara[经产妇] ·myelo-[髓] ▲myelocele[脊髓膨出] ▲myelocyte[髓细胞] ·myo-[肌] ▲myocarditi s[心肌炎] ▲myofibroma[肌纤维瘤] ·naso-[鼻] ▲nasoscope[鼻镜] ▲nasitis[鼻炎] ·neo-[新] ▲neoplasm[瘤] ▲neomycin[新霉素] ·nephro-[肾] ▲nephropathy[肾病] ▲nephro sclerosis[肾硬变] ·neuro-[神经] ▲neuroma[神经瘤] ▲neurodermatitis[神经性皮炎] ·no n-[非] ▲non-electrolyte[非电解质] ▲nonfetal[非致命的] ·nulli-[无] ▲nullipara[未产妇]▲nulligravida[未孕妇] ·nutri-[营养] ▲nutrition[营养] ▲nutrology[营养学] ·oculo-[眼]▲oculist[眼科医生] ▲oculus dexter[右眼] ▲oculus sinister[左眼] 5 回复：医学英语常用前后缀·oligo-[少] ▲oligophrenia[智力发育不全] ▲oliguria[少尿] ·-oma[肿瘤] ▲ade noma[腺瘤] ▲osteoma[骨瘤] ·onco-[肿瘤] ▲oncology[肿瘤学] ▲oncogene[癌基因] ·o phthalmo-[眼] ▲ophthalmocele[眼球突出] ▲ophthalmoplegia[眼肌麻痹] ·-osis[病] ▲ci rrhosis[肝硬化] ▲mycosis[霉菌病] ·osteo-[骨] ▲osteomalacia[骨软化] ▲osteoarthritis [骨关节炎] ·oto-[耳] ▲otolith[耳石] ▲otoplasty[耳成形术] ▲otopyosis[耳化脓] ·pan-[全] ▲panimmunity[多种免疫] ▲pantalgia[全身痛] ▲pantatrophia[全身营养不良] ·-par a[产妇] ▲primipara[初产妇] ▲nullipara[未产妇] ·-pathy[病] ▲dermatopathy[皮肤病] ▲Cardiomyopathy[心肌病] ·pedia-[儿童] ▲pediatrician[儿科医师] ▲pediatrics[儿科学]·-penia[减少] ▲leucopenia[白细胞减少] ▲thrombopenia[血小板减少] ·per-[经] ▲perc utaneous[经皮肤的] ·peri-[周围] ▲pericarditis[心包炎] ▲perianal[肛周的] ·pharmaco-[药] ▲pharmacokinetics[药代动力学] ▲physicochemistry[药典] ·physio-[物理▲physiot heraphy[理疗] ▲physicochemistry[物理化学] ·-plasty[成形术] ▲angioplasty[血管成形术] ▲homoplasty[同种移植] ▲gastroplasty[胃成形术] ·-plegia[瘫] ▲paraplegia[截瘫] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫] ·pleuro-[胸膜] ▲pleuritis[胸膜炎] ▲pleurocentesis[胸腔穿刺术] ·-p nea[呼吸] ▲orthopnea[端坐呼吸] ▲tachypnea[呼吸急促] ·pneumo-[气，肺] ▲pneumo thorax[气胸] ▲pneumococcus[肺炎球菌] ·poly-[多] ▲polyuria[多尿] ▲polycholia[胆汗过多] ·post-[后] ▲postpartum[产后] ▲postoperation[术后] ·pre-[前] ▲premenopause [绝经前期] ▲premature[早搏] ▲preload[前负荷] ·pseudo-[假] ▲psudohypertrophy[假性肥大] ▲psudomembranous[假膜的] ·psycho-[精神，心理] ▲psychology[心理学] ▲ps ychiatry[精神病学] ·-ptosis[下垂] ▲nephroptosis[肾下垂] ▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂] ·-p tysis[咯] ▲pyoptysis[咯脓] ▲hemoptysis[咯血] ·pyo-[脓] ▲pyorrhea[溢脓] ▲pyosis [化脓] ·radio-[放射] ▲radiotherapy[放疗] ▲radiology[放射学] ·recto-[直肠] ▲rectitis [直肠炎] ▲rectectomy[直肠切除术] ·retino-[视网膜] ▲retinitis[视网膜炎] ▲retinodialys is[视网膜分离] ·rhino-[鼻] ▲rhinitis[鼻炎] ▲rhinorrhea[鼻漏] ·-rrhagia[出血] ▲gastorr hagia[胃出血] ▲hemorrhage[出血] ▲pneumorrhagia[肺出血] ·-rrhaphy[缝合术] ▲neu rorrhaphy[神经缝合术] ▲Vasorrhaphy[输卵管缝合术] ·-rrhea[流出] ▲diarrhea[腹泻] ▲menorrhea[月经] ·schisto-[裂] ▲schistosomiasis[血吸虫病] ▲schistoglossia[舌裂] ·scirr ho-[硬] ▲scirrhosarca[硬皮病] ▲scirrhoma[硬癌] ·sclero-[硬] ▲scleroderma[硬皮病] ▲sclerometer[硬度计] ·-scope(y)[镜，检查] ▲stethoscope[听诊器] ▲otoscope[耳镜] ▲proctoscopy[直肠镜检查法] ·semi-[半] ▲semicoma[半昏迷] ▲semiliquid[半流汁] ·sp ondylo-[脊椎] ▲spondylopathy[脊椎病] ▲spondylitis[脊椎炎] ·-stomy[造口术] ▲colost omy[结肠造口术] ▲ilecolostomy[回结肠吻合术] ·sub-[下，亚] ▲subacute[亚急性] ▲su babdominal[下腹部的] ·super-[在…上] ▲superficial[浅的] ▲superoxide[超氧化物] ·sup ra-[上] ▲supraventricular[室上性的] ▲suprarenalism[肾上腺机能亢进] ·tachy-[快] ▲ta chycardia[心动过速] ▲tachypnea[呼吸急促] ·-therapy[治疗] ▲massotherapy[按摩治疗]▲pharmacotherapy[药物治疗] ·thermo-[热] ▲thermometer[温度计] ▲thermatology [热疗学] ·thrombo-[血栓，血小板] ▲thrombolysis[溶栓] ▲thrombocytopenia[血小板减少症] ▲thrombosis[血] ·-tomy[切开术] ▲tracheotomy[气管切开术] ▲ovariotomy[卵巢切开术] ·tracheo-[气管] ▲tracheoscope[气管镜] ▲tracheorrhagia[气管出血] ·trans-[经，转移] ▲transurethral[经尿道] ▲transfusion[输血] ·-trophy[营养] ▲dystrophy[营养不良] ▲atrophy[萎缩] ·ultra-[超过] ▲ultraviolet[紫外线] ▲ultrasound[超声] ·utero-[子宫] ▲uteroscope[子宫镜] ▲uterotonic[宫缩剂] ·vaso-[血管] ▲vasomotion[血管舒缩] ▲Vasodilator[血管扩张剂] 6 回复：医学英语常用前后缀·cephalo-[头] ▲cephaloxia[斜颈] ▲cephalopathy[头部疾病] ▲cephalotomy[穿颅术] ·cerebello-[小脑] ▲cerebellitis [小脑炎] ▲cerebellum[小脑] ·cerebro-[大脑] ▲cerebritis[大脑炎] ▲cerebrology[脑学]·chemo-[化学] ▲chemotherapy[化疗] ·chloro-[绿，氯] ▲chloroform[氯仿] ▲chloromy cetin[氯霉素] ▲chlorophyll[叶绿素] ·cholangio-[胆道] ▲cholangitis[胆管炎] ▲cholangi ectasis[胆管扩张] ·cholo-[胆] ▲cholagogue[利胆剂] ▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] ▲cholecys titis[胆囊炎] ▲cholesterol[胆固醇] ·chondro-[软骨] ▲chondrosarcoma[软骨肉瘤] ▲cho ndrification[骨软化] ·chromo-[色素] ▲cytochrome[细胞色素] ▲chromosome[染色体] ·-cide[杀……剂] ▲germicide[杀菌剂] ▲aborticide[堕胎药] ·circum-[周围] ▲circumoral [口周的] ▲circumcision[包皮环切术] ·coagulo-[凝固] ▲coagulant[凝血剂] ·colo-[结肠]▲colotomy[结肠切开术] ▲coloptosis[结肠下垂] ·colpo (coleo)-[阴道] ▲coleospastia [阴道痉挛] ▲colposcope[阴道镜] ·contra-[反，逆] ▲contraindication[禁忌证] ▲contrac eptive[避孕药] ·counter-[反，逆] ▲counteragent[拮抗剂] ▲conuterpoison[解毒剂] ·cra nio-[颅] ▲craniomalacia[颅骨软化] ▲cranioclasis[碎颅术] ·-cyst-[囊] ▲cystomy[膀胱切开术] ▲dacryocyst[泪囊] ·-cyte-[细胞] ▲lymphocyte[淋巴细胞] ▲cytolysis[细胞溶解]·de-[除去] ▲detoxication[解毒] ·dento[牙] ▲dentistry[牙科学] ▲dentalgia[牙痛] ·-de rm-[皮肤] ▲epiderm[表皮] ▲dermatology[皮肤病学] ▲dermoplasty[皮肤成形术] ·dext ro-[右] ▲dextrocardia[右位心] ▲dexiotropic[右旋的] ·dis-[分离] ▲discission[分离术] ▲disinfection[消毒法] ·duodeno-[十二指肠] ▲duodenitis[十二指肠炎] ▲duodenostomy [十二指肠造口术] ·-dynia[痛] ▲acrodynia[肢体痛] ▲urethrodynia[尿道痛] ·dys-[异常] ▲dysfunction[功能不良] ▲dyshormonism[内分泌障碍] ▲dysuria[排尿困难] ·-ectasis[扩张] ▲gastroectasis[胃扩张] ▲aerenterectasia[肠胀气] ▲bronchiectasia[支气管扩张] ·-ectomy[切除术] ▲appendectomy[阑尾切除术] ▲lipectomy[脂肪切除术] ·-edema[水肿]▲encephaledema[脑水肿] ▲myxedema[粘液性水肿] ·-emesia[呕] ▲hematemesia[呕血] ▲helminthemesia[吐虫] ·encephalo-[脑] ▲encephaloma[脑瘤] ▲encephaledema [脑水肿] ·endo-[内] ▲endocarditis[心内膜炎] ▲endoscope[内窥镜] ·entero-[肠] ▲ent eritis[肠炎] ▲enterovirus[肠病毒] ·epi-[上，外] ▲epigastrium[上腹部] ·erythro-[红] ▲e rythromycin[红霉素] ▲erythroderma[红皮病] ·esophago-[食管] ▲esophagoscope[食管镜] ▲esophagitis[食管炎] ·extra-[……外] ▲extracellular[细胞外的] ▲extrasystole[额外收缩] ·facio-[面] ▲facioplegia[面瘫] ▲facioplasty[面部成形术] ·-fast[耐] ▲acid-fast[抗酸的] ▲uviofast[耐紫外线] ·febri-[热] ▲febricula[低热] ▲febrifacient[致热的] ·feti-[胎儿] ▲feticulture[妊娠期卫生] ▲fetometry[胎儿测量法] ·fibro-[纤维] ▲fibroblast[成纤维细胞] 7 回复：医学英语常用前后缀▲fibrosis[纤维化] ·fore-[前] ▲forebrain[前脑] ▲forehead[前额] ·-form[形状] ▲oviform[卵形的] ▲granuliform[颗粒状的] ·fungi-[真菌，霉菌] ▲fungicide[杀真菌剂] ▲fungistasis[制霉菌作用] ·gastro-[胃] ▲gastroptosis[胃下垂] ▲gastroenteritis[胃肠炎] ▲gastroscopy[胃镜检查] ▲gastratrophy[胃萎缩] ·-gen [原，剂] ▲glycogen[糖原] ▲pathogen[病原体] ▲androgen[雄激素] ▲Estrogen[雌激素]·-genic[……性] ▲cardiogenic[心源性的] ▲allergenic[变应反应] ·giganto-[巨大] ▲giga ntocyte[巨红细胞] ▲gigantism[巨大症] ·gingivo-[牙龈] ▲gingivitis[牙龈炎] ▲gingivost omatitis[牙龈口腔炎] ·glosso-[舌] ▲glossoplegia[舌瘫痪] ·gluco-[糖] ▲glucoprotein[糖蛋白] ▲glucocorticoid[糖皮质激素] ·glyco-[糖] ▲glycogen[糖原] ▲glycouria[糖尿] ·-gr ade[级，度] ▲centigrade[摄氏温度计] ▲retrograde[逆行性] ·-gram[克，图] ▲microgr am[微克] ▲electroencephalogram[脑电图] ·-graph(y)[……仪（法）] ▲electrocardiogra m[心电图] ▲bronchography[支气管造影术] ·gyneco-[妇女] ▲gynecology[妇科学] ▲gy necopathy[妇科病] ·hemo(hemato)-[血] ▲hemoglobin[血红蛋白] ▲hematoma[血肿]·hemi-[半] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫] ▲hemicrania[偏头病] ·hepato-[肝] ▲hepatitis[肝炎]▲hepatocirrhosis[肝硬化] ▲hepatosplenomegaly[肝脾肿大] ·hidro-[汗] ▲hyperhidrosis [多汗症] ▲anhidrosis[无汗症] ·histo-[组织] ▲histology[组织学] ▲histomorphology[组织形态学] ·holo-[全] ▲holonarcosis[全麻] ▲holoenzyme[全酶] ·homo-[同] ▲homotyp e[同型] ▲homologue[同系物] ▲homoplasty[同种移植术] ·hydro-[水] ▲hydropericardi um[心包积水] ▲hydrolysis [水解] ·hypr-[高] ▲hypercalcemia[高钙血症] ▲hyperthyroi dism[甲亢] ·hypno-[睡眼] ▲hypnotics[安眠药] ▲hypnotherapy[催眠疗法] ·hypo-[低] ▲hypotension[低血压] ▲hypoglycemia[低血糖] ·hystero-[子宫] ▲hysterospasm[子宫痉挛] ▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂] ·-ia[病] ▲melancholia[忧郁症] ▲pyrexia[发热] ·-iatric s[医学] ▲pediatrics[儿科学] ▲geriatrics[老年病学] ·-iatry[医学] ▲psychiatry[精神病学]▲pediatry[儿科学] ·immuno-[免疫] ▲immunoglobulin[免疫球蛋白] ▲immunotherapy [免疫疗法] ·infra-[下] ▲infraorbital[眶下的] ▲infrared[红外线] ·inter-[间] ▲interverte bral[椎间的] ▲intercellular[细胞间的] ·intra-[内] ▲intravenous[静脉内的] ▲intracrania l[颅内的] ▲intramuscular[肌肉内的] ·-ist[家] ▲pathologist[病理学家] ▲anatomist[解剖学家] ·-itis[炎症] ▲cellulitis[蜂窝织炎] ▲myocarditis[心肌炎] ·leuco (leuko)-[白] ▲leu corrhea[白带] ▲leukocytosis[白细胞增多] ▲leukemia[白血病] ·lipo-(脂) ▲lipotrophy [脂肪增多] ▲lipase[脂酶] ·-lith[结石] ▲cholelith[胆结石] ▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] ·-log y[学] ▲terminology[术语学] ▲Cardiology[心脏病学] ·lumbo-[腰] ▲lumbosacral[腰骶部的] ▲lumbago[腰背痛] ▲lumbodynia[腰痛] ·lympho-[淋巴] ▲lymphedema[淋巴水肿] ▲lymphocytopenia[淋巴细胞减少] ·-lysis(lytic)[松解，分解了] ▲aythrolysis[关节松解术] ▲spasmolytic[解痉的] ·macro-[大] ▲macrophage[巨噬细胞] ▲macromolecule[大分子]·mal-[不良] ▲malnutrition[营养不良] ▲malfunction[功能不全] ·-megaly[巨大] ▲cardi omegaly[心扩大] ▲cephalomegaly[巨头畸形] ·meningo-[脑膜] ▲meningitis[脑膜炎] ▲meningocephalitis[脑膜脑炎] ·meno-[月经] ▲dysmenorrhea[痛经] ▲menopause[停经]·-meter[表，计] ▲spirometer[肺活量计] ▲pyrometer[高温表] ·-metry[测量法] ▲iodo metry[碘定量法] ·micro-[小] ▲micropump[微泵] ▲microliter[微升] ·mono-[单-] ▲mo nonucleosis[单核细胞增多] ▲monomer[单体] ·multi-[多] ▲multinuclear[多核的] ▲mul tipara[经产妇] ·myelo-[髓] ▲myelocele[脊髓膨出] ▲myelocyte[髓细胞] ·myo-[肌] ▲m yocarditis[心肌炎] ▲myofibroma[肌纤维瘤] ·naso-[鼻] ▲nasoscope[鼻镜] ▲nasitis[鼻炎] ·neo-[新] ▲neoplasm[瘤] ▲neomycin[新霉素] ·nephro-[肾] ▲nephropathy[肾病] ▲nephrosclerosis[肾硬变] ·neuro-[神经] ▲neuroma[神经瘤] ▲neurodermatitis[神经性皮炎] ·non-[非] ▲non-electrolyte[非电解质] ▲nonfetal[非致命的] ·nulli-[无] ▲nullipar a[未产妇] ▲nulligravida[未孕妇] ·nutri-[营养] ▲nutrition[营养] ▲nutrology[营养学] ·o culo-[眼] ▲oculist[眼科医生] ▲oculus dexter[右眼] ▲oculus sinister[左眼]医学英语缩写一览表医学英语缩写一览表·aa.-of each[各] ·Ab.-antibody[抗体] ·abd.-abdomen[腹部] ·ABG-arterial blood gas[动脉血气] ·abn.-abnormal[异常] ·ABp-arterial blood pressure[动脉压]·Abs.-absent[无] ·abstr.-abstract[摘要] ·a.c.-before meals[饭前] ·Ach.-actylcholine[乙酰胆碱] ·ACH.-adrenal cortical hormone[肾上腺皮质激素] ·ACT.-active coagulative tim e[活化凝血时间] ·ACTH.-adrenocorticotripic[促肾上腺皮质激素] ·ad.(add.)-adde[加] ·ad effect.-ad effectum [直到有效] ·ADH.-antidiuretic hormone[抗利尿激素] ·ad lib-at lies ure[随意] ·adm.(admin)-adminstration[给药] ·ad us est.-for external use[外用] ·af.-atr ial fibrillation[房颤] ·aF.-atrial flutter[房扑] ·A/G ratio.-albumin-globulin ratio[白-球蛋白比] ·AIDS.-acquired immune deficiency syndrome[爱滋病] ·al.-left ear[左耳] ·alb.-albu min[白蛋白] ·AM.-before noon[上午] ·amb.-ambulance[救护车] ·amp.(ampul)-ampoule [安瓿] ·ANA.-anesthesia[麻醉] ·anal.-analgesic[镇痛药] ·ap.-before dinner[饭前] ·appr. (approx.)-approximately [大约] ·AR.-aortic regurgitation[主闭] ·AS.-aortic stenosis[主狭] ·ASA.-aspirin[阿斯匹林] ·ASD.-atrial septal defect[房缺] ·AST.-aspartate transamin ase[谷草转氨酶] ·atm.(atmos.)-atomsphere[大气压] ·ATS.-antitetanic serum[抗破伤风血清] ·av.-average[平均] ·Ba.-Barium[钡] ·BBT.-basal body temperature[基础体温] ·B CG.-bacille Calmette- Guerin[卡介苗] ·biblio.-biliography[参考文献] ·bid.-twice a day [每日二次] ·b.m.-basal metabolism[基础代谢] ·Bp.-blood pressure[血压] ·bpm-baets p er minute[次/分] ·BS.-blood sugar[血糖] ·BW.-body weight[体重] ·C.- centigrade[摄氏温度计] ·CA.-carcinoma[癌] ·Cal.-cancer[癌] ·Cal. –calorie[卡] ·Cap. –capsule[囊] ·C.B.C-complete blood count[血常规] ·CC.-chief complaint[主诉] ·CC. list.-critical conditio n list[病危通知单] ·CCU.- Coronary care unit[冠心病监护室] ·CD.-caesarean delivered [剖腹产] ·CDC.-calculated date of confinement[预产期] ·CEA.-carcinoembryonic antige n[癌胚抗原] ·CG.-control group[对照组] ·CK.-creatine kinase[肌酸激酶] ·Cl.-centilitre [毫开] ·cm.-centimetre[毫米] ·CNS.-central nervous system[中枢神经系统] ·Co.-compo und[复方] ·contra.-contraindicated[禁忌] ·CT.- computerized tomography[计算机断层扫描] ·C.V-curriculum vitae[简历] ·DBp-diastolic blood pressure[舒张压] ·DD.- differen tial diagnosis[鉴别诊断] ·dept.-department[科] ·diag.-diagonsis[诊断] ·DIC-disseminate intravascular coagulation[弥漫性血管内凝血] ·dl.-deciliter[分升] ·DM.-diabetic mellitus [糖尿病] ·DM.-diastolic murmur[舒张期杂音] ·D.O.A-dead on arrival[到达时已死亡] ·D OB.-date of birth[出生日期] ·Dr.-doctor[医生] ·DIW.-dextrose in water[葡萄糖液] ·D-5 -W,-5% dextrose in water[5%葡萄糖液] ·DU-duodenal ulcer[十二指肠溃疡] ·ECG.(EK G.)- electrocardiograph[心电图] ·ECHO .-echogram[超声] ·EDD.(EDC)-expected date o f delivery (confinement)[预产期] ·ENT. –ears, nose and throat[五官科] ·EMG. –elec tromyogram[肌电图] ·ER. –emergency room[急诊室] ·et al.-and elsewhere[等等] ·et c. –and so forth[等等] ·F.(Fahr.)-Fahrenheit [华氏] ·F- Female[女性] ·F.B.S.- fasting blood sugar[空腹血糖] ·FDP.-fibrinogen degradation products[纤维蛋白原降解产物] ·F FA. –free fatty acid[游离脂肪酸] ·FUO. –fever of unknown origin[不明原因发热] ·F X. –fracture [骨折] ·GH. –growth hormone[生长素] ·GI.- gastrointestinal[消化] ·GIT S. –gastrointestinal therapy system[胃肠治疗系统] ·gtt. –drops[滴] ·GU.- gastric ulc er[胃溃疡] ·Hb. –hemoglobin[血红蛋白] ·HBp.-high blood pressure[高血压] ·HCG. –human choroionic gonadotropic hormone[人绒毛膜促性腺激素] ·HDL.- high density lip oprotein[高密度脂蛋白] ·HR.-heart rate[心率] ·ht.-height[身高] ·HTN.-hypertension[高血压] ·Hx.-history [病历] ·Hypo.-hypodermic injection[皮下注射] ·IABP.-intra –aortic balloon pacing[主动脉内囊反搏] ·I/O.-intake and output [进出量] ·ICU. –intensive ca re unit[重症监护病房] ·ie. –that is [即] ·Ig. –immunoglobulin[免疫球蛋白] ·Im. –i utramuscular[肌内的] ·INH.- inhalation[吸入] ·INH.- isoniazid[异烟肼] ·Inj.- injection [注射] ·Int.- intern[实习生] ·IP.- in-patient[住院病入] ·Iu.- international unit[国防单位]·IV.-intravenously[静脉内] ·J.- joule[焦耳] ·K.U.B- Kidney,ureter and bladder[肾、输尿管和膀胱] ·LBp.-low blood pressure [低血压] ·LC. –laparoscopic cholecystectomy[腹腔镜胆囊切除术] ·LDL.-Low density lipoprotein[低密度脂蛋白] ·Liq. –liquid[液体] ·LM P.- last menstrual period[未次月经] ·LP. –lumbar puncture[腰穿] ·M. –male[男性] ·M CD.-mean corpuscular diameter[平均红细胞直径] ·MCH.-mean corpuscular hemoglobin。

笔译常用词汇(医疗卫生)汉译英

笔译常用词汇（医疗卫生）汉译英爱国卫生运动patriotic sanitation campaign保持健康keep/stay/healthy/fit保健食品health food病从口入illness enters via the mouth病历medical/clinical records; case history肠胃病gastro-intestinal trouble常用和急救用药drugs for daily and emergency use城市社区卫生服务中心community health service centers in urban areas 城镇职工基本医疗保险制度basic medical insurance system for urban employees传染病contagious diseases创建卫生城市build an advanced clean city低脂饮食low-fat diet碘缺乏症iodine deficiency disease多发病frequently occurring diseases防疫站epidemic prevention station放射科X-ray department放松疗法relaxation therapy风湿性关节炎rheumatic arthritis服药take medicine妇产科department of obstetrics and gynecology妇产医院obstetrics and gynecology hospital妇科病gynecological diseases高空缺氧altitude anoxia高危人群high-risk group个人卫生personal hygiene公费医疗free medical service; public health service公共卫生设施public health utilities骨科department of orthopedics挂号处registration office国际红十字会International Red Cross (IRC)国家级卫生城市state-level hygienic city国家食品药品监督管理局State Food and Drug Administration国家中医药管理局State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine 呼吸系统疾病respiratory diseases护士长head nurseHIV携带者HIV carrier环境卫生environmental sanitation换药change dressings患眼疾have trouble in one’s eyesight基本医疗卫生服务basic medicare and health service急救中心first-aid center急/慢性病acute/chronic disease急诊医疗emergency medical treatment加工食品processed food甲乙肝Hepatitis A/B假劣药品事件incidents of counterfeit and low-quality drugs煎药dedoct herbal medicine健康证明书health certificate救死扶伤heal the wounded and rescue the dying开药prescribe a medicine劳保医疗制度labor medicare system良/恶性肿瘤benign/malignant tumor良药苦口good medicine tastes bitter; bitter pills have good effects 劣质食品inferior foodstuff母婴传播mother-to-child transmission脑外科department of cranial内科department of internal medicine内伤七情（喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊）seven internal causes (joy, anger, worry, thought, grief, fear and suprise)农村合作医疗rural cooperative medical service配药make up a prescription皮肤科department of dermatology普通医生general practitioner浅层睡眠light sleep情商emotion quotient (EQ)全国公共卫生体系national public health system全身/局部麻醉general/local anesthesia人工呼吸pulmonary resuscitation; artificial breathing三级医疗防病体系three-tiered medical and prevention network上药apply ointment to深层睡眠deep sleep食品卫生法Food Hygiene Law食物搭配food combination世界精神卫生日World Meental Health Day世界睡眠日World Sleep Day世界卫生组织World Health Organization (WHO)睡眠不足lack of deep; sleep deprivation四诊（望、闻、问、切）four methods of diagnosis (observation, listening and smelling, inquiring, pulse feeling and palpation)突发公共卫生事件医疗救治体系medical treatment system for public health emergencies推进医院后勤服务的社会化commercialize logistic service in medical institutions外感六淫（风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火）the six external causes (wind, cold, dryness, wetness, heat and fire)外科department of surgery网上诊疗online clinic卫生部Ministry of Health卫生防疫站sanitation and anti-epidemic station卫生突发事件unexpected public health incidents无偿义务献血non-remunerated/voluntary blood donation乡镇卫生院health clinics in towns and townships消化系统digestive system心理健康mental health性传染疾病sexuality transmitted diseases胸外科thoracic surgery血库blood bank牙科department of dentistry亚健康状态sub-health problem养生之道follow a careful regimen in health care; a way to stay healthy 药补improve o ne’s health by taking tonics药品生产和流通企业drug manufacturers and distributors药品生产流通体制pharmaceutical production and distribution system 《药品生产质量管理规范》Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)药品中毒drug poisoning药物过敏drug allergy医德医风medical ethics and practices医疗报销medical reimbursement医疗制度改革reform of the medicine system医托儿a shill for a doctor; medical trickster’s assistant医药费medical cost遗传性老年痴呆症Alzheimer’s disease疑难病例difficult and complicated cases易感人群more easily infected group针灸acupuncture and moxibustion镇静剂控制narcotics contol政府公共卫生管理职能government’s role in public health administration职业病occupational diseases智商intelligence quotient (IQ)中国传统的保健方法traditional Chinese health care methods中国红十字会Red Cross of China中华医学会Chinese Medical Association中西医结合combine traditional Chinese medicine with Western medicine肿瘤医院tumor hospital主治医生doctor in charge住院医生resident doctor综合医院general hospital。

健康和医疗英汉句子翻译

健康和医疗英汉句子翻译健康和医疗是人们生活中非常重要的方面，我们需要关注和了解关于健康和医疗的信息和知识。

下面是一些关于健康和医疗的英汉句子翻译，帮助我们更好地理解这个话题。

1. "Health is the greatest gift, contentment the greatest wealth, faithfulness the best relationship." - Buddha健康是最大的礼物，满足是最大的财富，忠诚是最好的关系。

——佛陀2. "The first wealth is health." - Ralph Waldo Emerson健康是首要的财富。

——拉尔夫·华尔多·爱默生3. "A good laugh and a long sleep are the best cures in the doctor's book." - Irish Proverb欢笑和充足的睡眠是医生手册上最好的治疗方法。

——爱尔兰谚语4. "When diet is wrong, medicine is of no use. When diet is correct, medicine is of no need." - Ayurvedic Proverb饮食不合理时，药物无效。

饮食正确时，药物多余。

——阿育吠陀谚语5. "Prevention is better than cure." - English Proverb预防胜于治疗。

——英国谚语6. "A healthy outside starts from the inside." - Robert Urich健康的外表从内部开始。

——罗伯特·尤里奇7. "To keep the body in good health is a duty... otherwise we shall not be able to keep our mind strong and clear." - Buddha保持身体健康是一种责任……否则我们将无法保持头脑强大和清晰。

职医中译英

中译英(一)绪论1.职业卫生 occupational health2.职业医学 occupational medicine3.职业生命科学 working life science4.职业性有害因素 occupational hazard5.职业性病损 occupational disorders6.工作有关疾病 work-related disease7.工伤 occupational injury8.职业病 occupational disease9.健康工人效应 healthy worker effect10. 高危人群 high risk group11.第一级预防 primary prevention12.第二级预防 secondary prevention13.第三级预防 tertiary prevention13.环境监测 environmental monitoring14.健康监护 health surveillance15.职业生命 working life16. 职业人群健康促进health promotion for working population)17. 作业场所健康促进 work place healthpromotion)18. 职业生命质量 quality of working life)19.职业生理学 work physiology20.职业心理学 occupational psychology,work psychology21.人类功效学 ergonomics22.脑力劳动 mental work23.体力劳动 physical work24.氧需 oxygen demand25.最大摄氧量 maximum oxygen uptake26.氧债 oxygen debt27.稳定状态 steady state28.劳动强度 intensity of work29.主观能动性 subjective activity30.动力定型 dynamic stereotype31.劳动负荷 work load32.静态作业 (静力作业) static work33.等长性收缩 isometric contraction34.动态作业 (动力作业) dynamic work35.等张性收缩 isotonic contraction36.劳动系统 work system37.负荷 stress38.应激 strain39.人的特征 human characteristics40. 作业能力 work capacity 41.入门期 induction period42.稳定期 steady period43.疲劳期 fatigue period44. 终末激发 terminal motivation45.疲劳 fatigue46.功能性效率 functional efficiency47.疲劳样状态 fatigue—like states48.过劳 overstrain49.锻炼 training50.练习 exercise51.生活变化单位(LCU) life change units52.职业紧张 occupational stress53.工作紧张 work stress54.精疲力竭 burnout55.情绪耗竭 emotional exhaustion56.情绪资源 emotional resources57.人格解体 depersonalization58.个体应对能力 personal coping resource59.社会支持 social support60.应对反应 coping response61.心身疾病 psycho—physiological disorders62.职业流行病学 occupational epidemiology63.职业毒理学 occupational toxicology64.人机系统 man—machine system(二)职业有害因素1. 毒物 toxicant2.生产性毒物 productive toxicant4.职业中毒 occupational poisoning5.气溶胶 aerosol6.粉尘 dust7.雾 mist8.血/气分配系数 blood/air partition coefficient9.脂/水分配系数 lipid/water partition coefficient10.生物转化 biotransformation11.活化 activation12.蓄积 accumulation13.尘肺 pneumoconiosis14.无机粉尘 inorganic dust15.有机粉尘 organic dust16.混合性粉尘 mixed dust17.空气动力学直径(AED) aerodynamicequivalent diameter18.非吸入性粉尘 non-inhalable dust19.可吸入性粉尘 inhalable dust20.呼吸性粉尘 respirable dust21.撞击 impaction22. 重力沉积 gravitational sedimentation23. 布朗运动 Brownian diffusion24.静电沉积 electrostatic deposition25.截留 interception26.棉尘症 byssinosis27.职业性变态反应性肺泡炎 occupationalallergic alveolitis 28.慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD) chronicobstructive pulmonary disease29.结晶型 crystalline30.隐晶型 crypto crystalline31.无定型 amorphous32.石英 quartz33.石棉 asbestos34.高温作业 work in hot environment35.声音 sound36.频率 frequency37.次声波 infrasonic wave38.超声波 ultrasonic wave39.噪声 noise40.脉冲噪声 impulsive noise41.稳态噪声 steady noise42.声强 sound intensity43.听阈 threshold of hearing44.痛阈 threshold of pain45.声压 sound pressure46.声压级 sound pressure level47.纯音 pure tone48.复合音 complex tone49.频谱 frequency spectrum50.频程 octave band51.响度 loudness52.响度级 1oudness level53.等响曲线 equal loudness curves54.振动 vibration55.振动频率 vibration frequency56.位移 displacement57.振幅 amplitude58.速度 velocity59.加速度 acceleration60.峰值 peak value61.峰峰值 peak—to—peak value 62.平均值 average value63.均方根值 root mean square value，rms64.加速度级 vibration acceleration level，VAL65.固有频率 natural frequency66.共振频率 resonant frequency67.共振 resonance68.4小时等能量频率计权加速度有效值four hour energy equivalent frequency weighted acceleration rms,ahw(4)69.局部振动 segmental vibration或local vibration70.全身振动 whole body vibration71.手传振动 hand—transmitted vibration72.手臂振动 hand—arm vibration73.炭疽杆菌 Banthracis74.布氏杆菌 Brucella75.森林脑炎病毒 forest encephalitis virus(三)职业与健康1. 神经毒物 (neurotoxicant)2. 肌肉骨骼损伤(Occupational Musculoskeletal injury，OMSI)3. 姿势负荷 (posture load)4. 动态用力 (dynamic effort)5. 静态用力 (static effort)6. 下背痛 (l0w back pain，LBP)7.颈肩腕综合征 (neck—shoulder—wristsyndrome)8.腕管综合征 (carpal tunnel syndrome CTS)9.职业性特征 (occupational stigmata)10.胼胝 (callosity，callus)11.职业性外伤 (occupational trauma)12.职业性皮肤症状 (skin manifestation of occupational disease)13.职业性皮疹( occupational dermadrome)14.职业性皮肤病(Occupationalskindiseases；Occupational dermatoses)35.13.矽肺 silicosis14.硅酸盐肺 silicatosis15.碳尘肺 carbon pneumoconiosis16.混合性尘肺 mixed dust pneumoconiosis17.金属尘肺 metallic pneumoconiosis18.21.22.速发性矽肺 acute silicosis23.晚发性矽肺 delayed silicosis24.硅烷基团 silanol group25.氢键 hydrogen bond26.石棉粉尘 asbest dust27.石棉肺 asbestosis28.温石棉 chrysotile29.闪石类 amphibole group30.煤工尘肺coal worker’s pneumoconiosis31.进行性大块纤维化 progressivemassive fibrosis, PMF 32.农民肺farmer’s lung13．急性中毒 Acute poisoning14．慢性中毒 Chronic poisoning15．亚急性中毒 Subacute poisoning16．迟发性中毒 Delayed poisoning17．毒物的吸收Poisonings’ absorption18．生殖毒性和发育毒性 Reproductive toxicity and developmental toxicity19．铅 Lead20．汞 Mercury21．锰 Manganese22．金属烟雾热 Metal fume fever23．刺激性气体 Irritant gas24．化学性肺水肿 Chemical pneumonedema 25．氯 Chlorine26．氮氧化物 Nitrogen27．氨 Ammonia28．光气 Phosgene29．氟化氢 Hydrogen fluoride30.窒息性气体 Asphyxiating gas31．一氧化碳 Carbon monoxide32．氰化氢 Hydrogen cyanide33．硫化氢 Hydrogen sulfide34．甲烷 Methane35．苯 Benzene36．甲苯 Toluene37．二甲苯 Xylene38．苯胺 Aniline39．赫恩小体 Heinz body40．三硝基甲苯 Trinitrotoluene 41．聚合物 Polymer42．单体 Monomer43．二异氰酸甲苯酯 Toluene diisocyanate 44．氯乙烯 Vinyl chloride45．农药 Pesticide46．有机磷农药 Organophosphrus pesticide 47．迟发性多发性神经毒作用Organophosphate induced delayed polyneuropathy48．中间型综合征 Intermediate syndrome 49．拟除虫菊酯 Pyrethroids50．氨基甲酸酯 Carbamates(四) 粉尘与尘肺(五)物理因素及其对健康的危害1．高温作业 Work in hot environment2．热负荷 Heat stress3．中心血液温度 Core blood temperature 4．热应激 Heat strain5.过热 Hyperthermia6．中心体温 Core temperature7．热适应 Acclimatization to heat8.热应激蛋白 Heat strain protein9.热射病 Heat stroke10．日射病 Sun stroke11．热痉挛 Heat cramp12．热衰竭 Heat exhaustion13．减压病 Decompression sickness14．习服 Acclimatization15．高山病 Mountain sickness16．27．听觉适应 Auditory adaptation28．听觉疲劳 Auditory fatigue29．暂时性听觉位移 Temporary threshold shift 30．永久性听觉位移 Permanent threshold shift 31．听力损伤 Auditory impairment32．噪声性耳聋 Noise- induced deafness 33．爆震性耳聋 Explosive deafness34．局部振动病 Segmental vibrational disease 35．非电离辐射 Nonionizing radiation36．高频电磁场 High frequencyelectromagnetic field37．红外辐射 Infrared radiation 38．紫外辐射 Ultraviolet radiation 39．电光性眼炎Electro- ophthalmitis 40．微波 Microwave 41．激光 Laser(六) 职业性致癌因素与职业肿瘤 1.职业性肿瘤occupational tumor 2.职业癌occupational cancer3.职业性致癌因素occupational carcinogen4.一次击中学说one hit theory5.国际癌症研究机构International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC(七) 职业性有害因素的评价1.环境监测 environmental monitoring2.生物学监测 biological monitoring3.健康监护 health surveillance4.就业前检查 pre-employment examination5.定期检查 periodical examination6.筛选 screen7.职业流行病学 occupational epidemiology(八)职业性有害因素的控制1.最高容许浓度 maximum allowable concentration, MAC2.阈限值 threshold limit value, TLV3.美国政府工业卫生学家学会 American Governmental Conference of IndustrialHygienists, ACGIH 4. 时间加权平均阈限值 threshold limit value-time weighted average, TLV-TWA5. 短时间接触阈限值 threshold limit value-short term exposure limit, TL-STEL6.上限值 threshold limit value ceiling, TLV-C7.容许接触限值 permissible exposure limit, PEL8.保证健康的职业接触限值 health-basedoccupational exposure limit9.最高容许生物浓度 maximum allowable biological concentration, MABC10.生物学接触限值 biological exposure limit 11.生物接触指数 biological exposure index,12.接触限量 exposure limit 13.接触水平-反应关系 exposure-responserelationship14.经济上可行 economic feasibility 15.技术上可行 technological feasibility 16.工业通风 industrial ventilation 17热压 heat pressure 18.风压 air dynamic pressure 19.普通风扇 fan 20.喷雾风扇 sprikling fan 21.采光 lighting22.照明 illumination 23.防护服 protective clothing 24.阻燃防护服变 flame-retardant protective clothing25.光通量 luminous flux26.亮度 lightness 27.混杂效应 confounding effects 28.最大摄氧量 maximum oxygen intake, VO 2 29.Pwc 170 physical work capacity at a heart rate of 170是指当心率达到170次/分时人的体力劳动能力30.心率 heart rate, HR 31.靶心率 target HR 32.自行车功率计 bicycle ergometer 33.功效计算尺 ergonomic lifting calculator 34.阶梯试验 stepping test 35.最大容许限值 maximum permissible limit 36.肺通气仪 pneumatometer。

医学英语(住院医师规范化培训)

Primary Care Medicine Recommendations目录1 Principles of Primary Care 基本医疗原则 4 Practice of Primary Care 基本医疗的实践Diagnostic Tests 诊断性试验Health Maintenance and Role of Screening 保健和筛查Risk and Prognosis 风险和预后Choosing Treatment Options 治疗的选择Immunization 免疫接种2 Systemic Problems 全身性问题 22 Chronic Fatigue 慢性疲劳Fever 发热HIV-1 Infection HIV感染Lymphadenopathy 淋巴结病Overweight and Obesity 超重和肥胖Weight loss 消瘦3 Cardiovascular Problems 心血管问题 30 Aortic Regurgitation主动脉瓣反流Aortic Stenosis主动脉瓣狭窄Arterial Insufficiency动脉供血不足Asymptomatic Systolic Murmur 无症状的收缩期杂音Atrial Fibrillation心房颤动Bacterial Endocarditis细菌性心内膜炎Cardiovascular Rehabilitation心血管疾病康复Chest Pain 胸痛Congestive Heart Failure充血性心力衰竭Deep Vein Thrombophlebitis 深静脉血栓Exercise锻炼Hypercholesterolemia高胆固醇血症Hypertension 高血压Leg Edema 下肢水肿Mitral Regurgitation二尖瓣返流Rheumatic Fever风湿热Stable Angina稳定型心绞痛Stress Testing应激试验Superficial Thrombophlebitis血栓性浅静脉炎Syncope晕厥Valvular Heart Disease心脏瓣膜疾病Varicose Veins静脉曲张Venous Insufficiency静脉机能不全Ventricular Irritability心室激惹状态4 Respiratory Problems 呼吸问题 34 Asthma 哮喘Bronchitis and Pneumonia 气管炎和肺炎Chronic Cough 慢性咳嗽Chronic Dyspnea 慢性呼吸困难Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease慢性阻塞性肺疾患Clubbing杵状指Common Cold普通感冒Hemoptysis 咯血Interstitial Lung Disease间质性肺病Occupational and Environment Respiatory Disease 职业和环境性肺疾病Pleural Effusions 胸腔积液Sarcoidosis结节病Sleep Apnea 睡眠呼吸暂停Smoking Cessation 戒烟Solitary Pulmonary Nodule 孤立性肺结节Tuberculosis 肺结核5 Gastrointestinal Problems 胃肠道问题 36 Abdominal Pain 腹痛Anorectal Complaints肛门直肠不适Cirrhosis and Chronic Liver Failure肝硬化和慢性肝衰竭Constipation便秘Diarrhea腹泻Diverticular Disease憩室病Dysphagia吞咽困难External Hernia外疝Gallstones胆结石Gastrointestinal Bleeding胃肠道出血Heartburn and Reflux烧心和反流Inflammatory Bowel Disease炎性肠病Irritable Bowel Syndrome肠应激综合征Jaundice黄疸Nausea and Vomiting恶心和呕吐Nonulcer Dyspepsia无溃疡性消化不良Pancreatitis胰腺炎Peptic Ulcer Disease消化性溃疡病Serum Transaminase(Aminotransferase)Elevation血清转氨酶升高Viral Hepatitis病毒性肝炎6 Hematologic Problems血液系统问题 39 Anticoagulant Therapy抗凝治疗Anemia贫血Bleeding Problems出血问题Erythrocytosis红细胞增多Sickle Cell Disease镰状细胞(贫血)病7 Oncologic Problems肿瘤学问题 40 Bladder Cancer膀胱癌Breast Cancer乳腺癌Cancer(General)癌症(总论)Cervical Cancer子宫颈癌Colorectal Cancer结肠直肠癌Endometrial Cancer子宫内膜癌Esophageal Cancer食管癌Gastric Cancer胃癌Hodgkin’s Disease霍奇金病Lung Cancer肺癌Non-Hodgkin’a Lymphoma非霍奇金淋巴瘤Oral Cancer口腔癌Ovarian Cancer卵巢癌Pancreatic Cancer胰腺癌Renal Cell Carcinoma(Hypernephroma)肾细胞癌(肾上腺样瘤)Skin Cancer皮肤癌Testicular Cancer睾丸癌Thyroid Nodules and Thyroid Cancer甲状腺结节和甲状腺癌Tumor of Unknown Origin起源不明的肿瘤Vaginal Cancer阴道癌Vulvar Cancer外阴癌8 Endocrinologic Problems内分泌学问题Diabetes Insipidus尿崩症Diabetes Mellitus糖尿病Galactorrhea and Hyperprolactinemia乳头溢液高催乳素血症Glucocorticoid Therapy糖皮质激素治疗Gynecomastia男子女性型乳房Hirsutism多毛症Hypercalcemia高钙血症Hyperthyroidism甲状腺机能亢进Hypoglycemia低血糖Hypothyroidism甲状腺机能减退9 Gynecologic Problems妇产科学问题Breast Masses and Nipple Discharge乳房肿块和乳头溢液Fertility Control节育Infertility不育症Menopause绝经Menstrual or Pelvic Pain月经或痛经Secondary Amenorrhea继发性闭经Unplanned Pregnancy计划外妊娠Vaginal Bleeding阴道出血Vaginal Discharge阴道分泌物Vulvar Pruritus外阴搔痒10 Genitourinary Problems泌尿生殖器问题Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia良性前列腺增生Chlamydial Infection衣原体感染Gonorrhea淋病Hematuria血尿Incontinence and Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction尿失禁和下尿路功能不全Nephrolithiasis肾结石Prostatitis前列腺炎Proteinuria蛋白尿Renal Failure肾衰Scrotal Pain,Masses,and Swelling阴囊痛、肿块和肿胀Sexually Transmitted Diseases性传播疾病Syphilis梅毒Urethritis in Men男性尿道炎Urinar Tract Infection尿路感染11 Musculoskeletal Problems肌肉与骨骼问题 42 Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia无症状性高尿酸血症Back Pain背痛Elbow,Wrist,and Hand Pain肘,腕和手痛Fibromyalgia纤维肌痛Foot and Ankle Pain脚和踝痛Giant Cell Arteritis巨细胞性动脉炎Gout痛风Hip Pain髋痛Knee Pain膝痛Lyme Disease莱姆病Monoarticular Arthritis单关节的关节炎Muscle Cramps肌肉痛性痉挛Neck Pain颈痛Osteoarthritis骨关节炎Paget’s Disease佩吉特病Polyarticular Complaints多关节的问题Polymyalgia Rheumatica风湿性多发性肌痛Raynaud’s Phenomenon雷诺现象Rheumatoid Arthritis类风湿性关节炎Shoulder Pain肩痛12 Neurologic Problems神经病学问题Bell’s Palsy面瘫Dementia痴呆Dizziness头晕Focal Neurologic Complaints局部神经的主诉Headache头痛Multiple Sclerosis多发性硬化Parkinson’s Disease震颤麻痹Seizures癫痫发作Transient Ischemic Attack and Asymptomatic Carotid Bruit短暂性缺血发作和无症状性颈动脉杂音Tremor震颤Trigeminal Neuralgia(Tic Douloureux) 三叉神经痛13 Dermatologic Problems皮肤病学问题 47 Acne痤疮Aphthous Stomatitis溃疡性口炎Bites(Animal and Human)咬伤(动物和人)Cellulitis蜂窝织炎Corns and calluses鸡眼和胼胝Dermatitis(Atopic or Contact) 皮炎(过敏或接触性) Dermatitis(Seborrheic) 皮炎(脂溢性)Dry Skin干性皮肤Excessive Sweating出汗过多Fungal Infections霉菌感染Hair Loss脱发Herpes Simplex单纯疱疹Herpes Zoster带状疱疹Intertrigo and Intertriginous Dermatoses间擦疹和擦烂性皮肤病Minor Burns轻度烧伤Pigmentation Disturbances色素沉着障碍Pruritus搔痒症Psoriasis银屑病Purpura紫癜Pyoderma脓皮病Rosacea and Other Acneiform Dermatoses酒渣鼻和其它痤疮样的皮肤病Scabies and Pediculosis疥疮和虱病Skin Ulceration皮肤溃疡Urticaria and Angioedema荨麻疹和血管性水肿Warts疣14 Ophthalmologic Problems眼科学问题Age-Related Macular Degeneration与年龄相关的黄斑退行性改变Cataracts白内障Contact Lenses接触镜Diabetic Retinopathy糖尿病性视网膜病Dry Eyes干眼Excessive Tearing多泪Exophthalmos眼球突出Eye Pain目痛Glaucoma青光眼Impaired Vision视觉损伤Red Eye红眼Refractive Surgery屈光手术Visual Disturbances视觉障碍15 Ear,Nose,and Throat Problems耳鼻喉问题 48 Epistaxis鼻衄Facial Pain and Swelling面痛和肿胀Halitosis口臭Hearing Loss听力损失Hiccups呃逆Hoarseness声嘶Nasal Congestion and Discharge鼻充血和分泌物Otitis耳炎Pharyngitis咽炎Sinusitis鼻窦炎Smell Disturbances嗅觉障碍Snoring打鼾Taste Disturbances味觉障碍Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction颞下颌关节功能障碍Tinnitus耳鸣16 Psychiatric and Behavioral Problems精神病学和行为问题Alcohol Abuse酗酒Angry Patient生气的病人Anxiety焦虑Depression抑郁Eating Disorders进食障碍疾患Insomnia失眠Nonmalignant Pain非恶性的痛Sexual Dysfunction性功能障碍Somatization Disorders躯体化障碍Substance Abuse精神性药物滥用17 Allied Fields相关领域Adolescents青春期Alternative Therapies替代疗法Practice of Primary Care基本医疗的实践Management处理Organize PCP practice to provide coordinated, comprehensive, and personal care, available on first contact and continuous basis.Tasks of primary care include组织初级保健医生行医以提供协调的、全面的、个体化的保健服务，具有首诊的可及性和以连续性为基础的服务。

医疗卫生领域术语参考译文

课堂练习参考译文爱国卫生运动patriotic sanitation campaign保持健康keep/stay/healthy/fit保健食品health food病从口入illness enters via the mouth病历medical/clinical records; case history肠胃病gastro-intestinal trouble常用和急救用药drugs for daily and emergency use城市社区卫生服务中心community health service centers in urban areas城镇职工基本医疗保险制度basic medical insurance system for urban employees 传染病contagious diseases创建卫生城市build an advanced clean city低脂饮食low-fat diet碘缺乏症iodine deficiency disease多发病frequently occurring diseases防疫站epidemic prevention station放射科X-ray department放松疗法relaxation therapy风湿性关节炎rheumatic arthritis服药take medicine妇产科department of obstetrics and gynecology妇产医院obstetrics and gynecology hospital妇科病gynecological diseases高空缺氧altitude anoxia高危人群high-risk group个人卫生personal hygiene公费医疗free medical service; public health service公共卫生设施public health utilities骨科department of orthopedics挂号处registration office国际红十字会International Red Cross (IRC)国家级卫生城市state-level hygienic city国家食品药品监督管理局State Food and Drug Administration国家中医药管理局State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine呼吸系统疾病respiratory diseases护士长head nurseHIV携带者HIV carrier环境卫生environmental sanitation换药change dressings患眼疾have trouble in one’s eyesight基本医疗卫生服务basic medicare and health service急救中心first-aid center急/慢性病acute/chronic disease急诊医疗emergency medical treatment加工食品processed food甲乙肝Hepatitis A/B假劣药品事件incidents of counterfeit and low-quality drugs煎药decoct herbal medicine健康证明书health certificate救死扶伤heal the wounded and rescue the dying开药prescribe a medicine劳保医疗制度labor medicare system良/恶性肿瘤benign/malignant tumor良药苦口good medicine tastes bitter; bitter pills have good effects劣质食品inferior foodstuff母婴传播mother-to-child transmission脑外科department of cranial内科department of internal medicine内伤七情（喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊）seven internal causes (joy, anger, worry, thought, grief, fear and surprise)中国医疗体制改革是社会主义经济体制改革的重要部分。

职业卫生与职业医学概论PPTppt课件

缺少培训、工作不稳定、心理压力、监督困难
职业卫生与职业医学展望
科技进步与职业卫生
新材料新工艺高工作负荷生理紧张转变为心理紧张室内空气质量问题生产对象的变化引入新的有物质极低频磁场和射频辐射基因安全性问题
职业卫生与职业医学展望
职业紧张问题
现代生产方式对劳动者知识、技能、竞争力、适应性、工作效率的高要求卫生社会生活节奏的加快，工业化使人们远离自然，远离运动贫富差距加大。富人消费得太多，穷人消费得太少（WHO 2002 Report）工作对人们的意义已经超出谋生的范围
职业卫生与职业医学
由两个亚学科组成
职业卫生学
劳动卫生学 Occupational Health
职业医学
职业病学 Occupational Medicine
从职业损害的进程来区别
职业暴露
职业疾病发展临床
损害
结局
职业卫生为主职业医学为主
职业卫生
Occupational health
研究劳动条件对健康的影响，以及如何改善劳动条件，创造安全、卫生、满意和高效的作业环境，提高劳动者的职业生活质量。
法规的贯彻实施
职业卫生防制工作的主要内容
职业流行病学调查
• 职业有害因素与健康效应关系 • 有害因素的联合作用 • 调查与实验研究的结合
培训与宣传
• 新的职业危害因素 • 危害防护的知识与技能 • 有关法律、法规、标准、制度
职业卫生防制工作的主要内容
职业卫生服务
Occupational Health Services，OHS
过劳死（karoshi）
在非生理的劳动过程中，因正常工作、生活规律遭到破坏，体内疲劳淤积并向过劳状态转移，使血压升高、动脉硬化加剧，进而出现致命的状态

职业卫生科普文章2000字

职业卫生科普文章2000字英文回答：Occupational Health: A Comprehensive Overview.Introduction.Occupational health is a branch of medicine that focuses on the health of workers and the prevention ofwork-related illnesses and injuries. It includes a wide range of topics, such as ergonomics, industrial hygiene, toxicology, and epidemiology.Why is Occupational Health Important?Occupational health is important for several reasons. First, it helps to protect workers from exposure to hazards that can cause illnesses or injuries. These hazards can include chemical and physical agents, biological agents, and ergonomic factors.Second, occupational health helps to reduce the number of days that workers are absent from work due to illness or injury. This can lead to increased productivity and profitability for businesses.Third, occupational health helps to promote the overall health and well-being of workers. By providing access to health screenings, education, and counseling, occupational health professionals can help workers stay healthy and productive.What are the Goals of Occupational Health?The goals of occupational health are to:Prevent occupational illnesses and injuries.Promote the overall health and well-being of workers.Reduce the number of days that workers are absent from work due to illness or injury.Increase productivity and profitability for businesses.What are the Challenges Facing Occupational Health?There are several challenges facing occupational health today. One challenge is the increasing complexity of the workplace. This complexity makes it more difficult toidentify and control hazards.Another challenge is the globalization of the economy. This has led to an increase in the number of workers whoare exposed to hazardous substances and conditions.Finally, there is a lack of awareness about the importance of occupational health. This can make itdifficult to get the resources needed to protect workers from hazards.What Can Be Done to Improve Occupational Health?There are several things that can be done to improveoccupational health. These include:Increasing research on occupational hazards and their effects on workers.Developing new and improved methods for controlling hazards.providing education and training to workers about occupational health hazards.Promoting the adoption of occupational health programs in businesses.Encouraging collaboration between occupational health professionals, employers, and workers.Conclusion.Occupational health is a vital part of public health. By preventing occupational illnesses and injuries, promoting the overall health and well-being of workers, andreducing the number of days that workers are absent from work due to illness or injury, occupational health helps to protect workers, businesses, and the economy.中文回答：职业卫生，全面概述。

工伤职业康复科英文

工伤职业康复科英文Occupational Rehabilitation DepartmentIncome, physical ability, and self-esteem are all essential aspects of a person's life. However, an unexpected work-related injury can have devastating effects on one's well-being. Occupational rehabilitation, also known as occupational therapy, plays a crucial role in helping individuals regain independence, return to work, and improve their overall quality of life.In the occupational rehabilitation department, we provide comprehensive therapies and treatment programs for individuals who have suffered from work-related injuries. Our team of highly skilled professionals, including occupational therapists, physiotherapists, psychologists, and vocational counselors, collaborate to develop personalized rehabilitation plans tailored to each patient's specific needs.The first step in our rehabilitation process is the initial assessment. During this evaluation, our therapists assess the individual's physical, cognitive, and emotional abilities. By understanding their limitations and strengths, we can design a treatment plan that will maximize their potential for recovery.Physical therapy is a fundamental component of occupational rehabilitation. Our experienced physiotherapists focus on improving strength, range of motion, and mobility through targeted exercises and manual therapy. By restoring physical function, we aim to enable individuals to resume their work activities and daily tasks.Another crucial aspect of occupational rehabilitation is occupational therapy. Occupational therapists work closely with patients to develop skills and strategies necessary for their specific job duties. This may include teaching proper body mechanics, using adaptive equipment, and improving fine motor skills. By addressing work-related tasks, our occupational therapists empower individuals to return to work confidently and with reduced risk of re-injury.The psychological impact of a work-related injury should not be underestimated. Our team of psychologists provides counseling and psychological support to address the emotional challenges associated with the injury. From managing anxiety and depression to coping with changes in one's self-image, our psychologists are dedicated to helping patients navigate the psychological hurdles on their road to recovery.In addition to physical and psychological care, vocational counseling is an integral part of our occupational rehabilitation program. Our vocational counselors assist individuals in exploring new career options and addressing any vocational concerns they may have. By providing guidance on job retraining, resume building, and interview skills, we aim to minimize the potential economic impact of the injury and help individuals regain financial stability.At the occupational rehabilitation department, we are committed to helping individuals recover from work-related injuries and restore their ability to lead fulfilling lives. Our multidisciplinary approach,which incorporates physical therapy, occupational therapy, psychological support, and vocational counseling, ensures comprehensive care that addresses all aspects of an individual's well-being.If you or someone you know has suffered a work-related injury, we are here to help. Contact our occupational rehabilitation department to schedule an initial assessment and start your journey towards recovery and independence.。

职业卫生监督

混合性粉尘
1.化学组成、浓度与接尘时间：决定其对机体作用性质及危害程度 2.分散度：（1）概念：分散度是指物质被粉碎的程度粒子分散度：粉尘粒子直径大小(μm)的数量组成百分比。质量分散度：粉尘粒子直径大小(μm)的质量组成百分比。
生产性粉尘的特性及卫生学意义
（2）意义： ①影响其在空气中的悬浮稳定性及其被人体吸入的机会大小 ②与比表面积有关 ③影响粉尘在呼吸道中的阻留部位和阻留率。
职业卫生监督
Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine 二OO八年二月
基本概念
1、职业卫生学(occupational health) 2、职业性有害因素（occupational hazard factors） 3、职业病(occupational diseases) 4、矽肺（silicosis）
从上述案例说明矽肺
１、矽肺的发病、死亡率高（如果防护搞的不好），群发群死，危害程度惊人。
有一个矿井，刚建井的时候有130人，经过6年有124人患矽肺死亡，生存的６人中，４人也患了矽肺（Ⅲ期），只有1名办公室的管理人员和1名维修工幸免。
２、矽肺的发病快
湖南有1煤矿职工，16岁下井作业，干了４年９个月，就被诊断为Ⅰ期矽肺并发结核，隔5年后死亡，死时才26岁。
5．矽肺患病后非常痛苦
特别是三期矽肺，肺脏严重受损，造成呼吸困难，有的患者痛苦难忍，有跳楼自杀的，悬梁自尽的，造成如此悲剧。
在我国危害严重的职业病不仅仅是矽肺，还有职业中毒。
苯中毒事例
1985年，上海有一家皮鞋厂，有一个制鞋的女工叫俞兰芳，21岁，月经出血过多，到血液病门诊就诊，收治入院，骨髓报告为再生障碍性贫血，半个多月后又因大出血死亡。工厂为她开了追悼会，会上一些同车间工人联想到自己也有类似征象，也都纷纷就诊，又有两名女工被诊断为再生障碍性贫血，收治入院。从而引起厂领导的重视。该厂1982年投产，当时有职工74人（女工37人），到 1985年，仅３年的时间，有18例发生慢性苯中毒，患病率24.3 ％，其中有６例诊断为慢性苯中毒再生障碍性贫血。苯主要作用于神经系统和血液系统，主要引起三种疾病：经衰弱综合征、再生障碍性贫血和白血病。IARC （International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC ）已经指出，再生障碍性贫血发展为白血病的危险性很大，认为苯是人类致癌物。

20190509职业卫生杨晓燕

2. 职业病（occupational disease）
法定职业病：由国家主管部门公布的职业病目录所列的职业病。界定法定职业病的4个基本条件是：
(1)在职业活动中产生。 (2)接触职业危害因素。 (3)列入国家职业病范围。 (4)与劳动用工行为相联系。广义：职业性有害因素所引起的特定疾病法定：政府有关法律规定的职业病（10大类115种）
第一节职业性有害因素与职业性损害
概述
职业性有害因素(Occupational
hazards)：在不良的劳动条件不良的劳动条件
下存在的可直接危害劳动者健
康的因素。指对从事职业活动的劳动者可能导致职业病的各
职业性有害因素
种危害因素。
职业性损伤：劳动者在从事职业活动中，由于接触生产性粉尘、有害化学物质、物理因素、放射性物质而对劳动者身体健
职业性有害因素
劳动者
职业性损伤：职业病工作有关疾病职业性外伤
作用条件
生产过程劳动过程生产环境
接触机会接触方式接触时间接触浓度（强度）
二、职业性损害
（二）职业性职业性有害因素对健康的影响
Reportable occupational disease
Work related
disease 职业性有害因素导致职业人
石油企业重点岗位职业病危害因素分析
3、井下试油作业：钻井到油田生产中间环节。
试油：不良气象条件、噪声以及有害气体。井下作业：噪声，有害气体以及不良气象条件等。修井：噪声、有害气体及不良气象条件等。压裂：作业噪声和压裂液，压裂液的主要成分有甲醛、
胺类、防腐剂、硼酸等化合物。酸化：酸化所用的酸液是强酸，有强烈的腐蚀性，酸

医学英语常用短语

ICU——intensive care unite保证——vouch for坚持——in adherence to出院——discharge from the hospital违法——violate laws饿死——die of starvation认罪——confess to the crime酗酒——alcohol abuse标准差——standard deviation育龄期——childbearing age专卖店——special stores传染病——infectious disease适应症——indication并发症——complication元分析——meta-analyses无反应——null response肺栓塞——pulmonary embolism危险比——hazard ratio清除杂物——removing clutter精神错乱——mental disorder电气设备——electrical devices集体治疗——group therapy黎明时分——in the predawn hours恳求帮助——plea for help责任分散——diffusion of responsibility集体行为——collective behavior住院患者——hospitalized patients大幅增长——substantial increase前驱症状——prodromal symptom新发皮疹——new-onset cutaneous临床表现——clinical picture影像检查——imaging procedure输血反应——transfusion reaction输血疗法——transfusion practices住院期间——length of hospital stay亚群分析——subgroup analyses多重分析——multivariable analysis治疗强度——intensity of treatment强化治疗——intensive therapy治疗策略——therapeutic strategies复合终点——composite end生存概率——survival probability肝功分级——classification of liver function 肝功测试——liver-function test置信区间——confidence intervals主治医生——attending physician输血指征——transfusion trigger生存曲线——survival curve精算概率——actuarial probability 生存分析——Kaplan-Meier method治疗失效——therapeutic failure补救治疗——rescue therapy有害影响——harmful effects组间差异——between-group difference标准治疗——standard treatment双尾检测——tow-tailed test指示偏差——indication bias混杂因素——confounding factor现行标准——current guidelines治疗靶点——therapeutic targets凝血性质——coagulation properties事后分析——post hoc液体复苏——fluid resuscitation缩短寿命——shorten life随机分配——randomly assigned to疾病恶化——progression of the disease管理机构——regulatory agency不良事件——adverse event派发药物——administer drug治疗期间——treatment duration腹腔血栓——abdominal thrombosis部分反应——partial response冲击治疗——aggressive therapy轻度出血——minor bleeding资格标准——eligible criteria体质指数（BMI）——body-mass index肝部活检——liver biopsy首选药物——the drug of choice初步研究——preliminary study基本特征——baseline characteristics分类变量——categorical variable临床研究——clinical study遵循...原则——in accordance with the principle 危重症病人——critically ill patients等容性贫血——normovolemic anemia突发性贫血——rapid onset of anemia多中心试验——multicenter study进行性疾病——progressive disease肌酐清除率——creatinine clearance实质性肝病——substantial liver disease指导委员会——steering committee浓缩红血球——packed red cells非参数检验——nonparametric test血小板计数——platelet count白细胞计数——leukocyte count再次出血率——the rate of further bleeding连续型变量——continuous variable病例报告表——case-report form实体瘤发作——onset of solid tumor春季大扫除——spring clean真人秀节目——reality program多器官衰竭——multiorgan failure胃肠道出血——gastrointestinal bleeding门静脉高压——portal hypertension消化性溃疡——peptic ulcer血容量不足——intravascular volume depletion随机化实验——randomized trail血栓性疾病——thrombotic events浅静脉血栓——superficial-vein thrombosis癌症复发率——incidence of cancer意向性分析——intention-to-treat analysis开放式研究——open-label study探索性研究——exploratory study观察性研究——observational study回顾性研究——retrospective observation实验性研究——experimental study知情同意书——informed consent流行病学研究——epidemiology study临床试验性研究——pragmatic trial in clinical practice无干扰素治疗——interferon-free treatment主要研究终点——the primary composite end point次要研究终点——secondary end point随即临床试验——randomized clinical trail红细胞增多症——Polycythemia Vera血红蛋白阈值——hemoglobin threshold食管静脉曲张——esophageal varices急性代偿不全——acute decompensation引起某人注意——spark sb. attention患者诊疗协调——coordination of care乙肝表面抗原——hepatitis B surface antigen蛋白酶抑制剂——protease inhibitor正常范围上限——the upper limit of the normal range医学咨询中心——referring medical center假设生成分析——hypothesis-generating analysis周围动脉栓塞——peripheral arterial thrombosis世界卫生组织（WHO）——world health organization药物超敏反应——drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome获得全部权限——have full access to签署保密协议——sign confidentiality agreements with对数秩和检验——log-rank test基线危险因素——baseline risk factor新鲜冰冻血浆——fresh-frozen plasma急性冠脉综合征——acute coronary syndrome艾滋病病毒抗体——anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibody 桥接纤维化晚期——advanced bridging fibrosis国际标准化比率——international normalized ratio低血容量性休克——hypovolemic shock肝、肾、肺衰竭——hepatic、renal and pulmonary failure意向性分析原则——intention-to-treat principle门静脉压力梯度——portal venous pressure gradient毕业后医学教育——graduate medical education机构审查委员会——institutional review board审查并提供反馈——review and provide feedback并发症总发生率——overall rate of complications堆积如山的旧报纸——a mountain of old newspapers受到某种疾病感染——be affected with a disorder主要复合研究终点——the primary end point持续病毒应答反应——sustained virological response分层随即分配依据——randomization was stratified according to主要疗效判定指标——primary outcome measure次要疗效判定指标——secondary outcome measure进行性血小板增多——progressive thrombocytosis比例风险模型分析——cox proportional-hazards regression model未经校验的危险比——unadjusted hazard ratio内脏血管收缩反应——splanchnic vasoconstrictive response巨噬细胞活化综合征——macrophage activation syndrome口服联合抗病毒治疗——oral-combination antiviral therapy暂时性脑缺血（脑瘫）——transient ischemic attack药品临床试验管理规范——Good clinical practice住院期间并发症发生率——the rate of in-hospital complications只考虑符合病人最大利益——considered only in the best interest of the patients。

描述医院英语的常用词汇

医学英语一急诊室emergency room医院hospital内科病房medical ward外科病房surgical ward儿科病房pediatric ward接生房labor and delivery手术室operation room (or)心脏重症室coronary care unit (ccu)重症室intensive care unit (icu)内科重症室medical intensive care unit (micu)初生婴儿重症室neonatal intensive care unit (nicu)儿科重症室pediatric intensive care unit (picu)外科重症室surgical intensive care unit (sicu)末期护理hospice末期病患者照料居家健康服务home health service药疗、物理治疗等化验所laboratory进行化验研究门诊手术中心outpatient surgical center一般非严重性手术药房pharmacy药物、医疗用品health care provider医疗服务physician医生acupuncture针灸allergy and immunology过敏性专科anesthesiology麻醉科cardiology心脏科cardio-thoracic surgery心胸外科chiropractic脊椎神经科colorectal surgery结肠直肠外科dentistry牙科dermatology皮肤科endocrinology内分泌科family practice家庭科gastroenterology肠胃科general practice普通全科general surgery普通外科。

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(Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine)
研究劳动条件对劳动者健康的影响，研究如何改进劳动条件的一门学科。属于预防医学的范畴。主要任务：预测、识别、评价和控制不良劳动条件，保护劳动者的健康。
职业卫生主要以职业人群和作业环境为对象，旨在创造安全、卫生、满意和高效的作业环境，保护劳动者的健康, 提高职业生命质量（Quality of working life）。
Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine
Introduction
宝石加工首饰
华中科技大学同济医学院杨磊
Working condition
What are they doing?（界面）
Working condition
职业卫生与职业医学
法定职业病:
国家根据自己社会经济、技术发展水平而认可一部分职业病，并予以赔偿。我国称之为法定职业病。发达国家因有职业病保险制度，故又称此类职业病为赔偿性疾病（compensatory disease ）
职业性有害因素及其所致病伤
职业性有害因素生物性微生物、寄生虫、携带病原微生物的动物化学性有毒化学物粉尘、烟草、食品添加剂职业性损伤感染中毒呼吸系统疾病（尘肺、慢性阻塞性肺病、哮喘、外源性肺泡炎）眼病、神经衰弱放射病、肿瘤耳聋振动病（白指）腰背痛颈肩疾患工伤工伤、心身病心身病心身病
我国孔仲平（公元10世纪）：采石人石末伤肺
我国宋应星（宋朝, 1587-1637）：竹筒煤矿通风，《天工开物》意大利拉马慈尼（Ramazzini, 1896-1970）：《论手工业者的疾病》，中世纪各行业的卫生与疾病：肌肉骨骼疾患、汞中毒、尘肺等，誉为职业医学之父。
Term, glossary and development?
医学广义上的职业病: 当职业性有害因素作用于人体的强度与时间超过一定限度时，人体不能代偿其所造成的功能性或器质性病理改变，从而出现相应的临床征象，影响劳动能力，这类疾病通称职业病 (occupational diseases)。 occupational disease - disease or disability resulting from conditions of employment (usually from long exposure to a noxious substance or from continuous repetition of certain acts) Synonyms: industrial disease
物理性
非电离辐射电离辐射噪声振动人类工效学手工操作、般举重物因素反复操作无防护设施社会心理因精神紧张素倒班劳动人际关系
二、职业性损害 (Occupational adverse effect)
1. 职业性疾患 (Occupational disorder) 1.1 职业病(Occupational disease) 1.2 工作有关疾病 (work-related disease) 2. 工伤 (Occupational injury)
工业卫生是这样的一门科学和技术，旨在预测、识别、评价和控制那些工作场所的环境因素或负荷，这些可使得工人或社区居民发生疾病，健康损害，不良状况，明显不适及工作效率低下。工业卫生专家尽管具备工程、物理、化学或生物学的背景，仍要通过研究生学习和工作获得健康效应方面的知识…
名词术语，发展？希腊波可拉底（Hippocrates, 公元前464-377）: 注意观察环境,以了解病人所患疾病的根源。
劳动卫生（Labor Hygiene）
工业卫生 (Industrial Hygiene)
服务对象:工人农民 >>> 各职业人群
职业卫生（ Occupational Health）职业病 (Occupational Disease)
一、职业性有害因素
劳动条件 (Working conditions)
职业医学以个体为主要对象，对已经受到职业有害因素损害或有潜在健康危险的个体进行早期检测、诊断、治疗giene has been defined as that science and art devoted to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation and control of those environmental factors or stress, arising in or from the workplace, which may cause sikness, impaired health and wellbeing, or significant discomfort and inefficiency among workers or among the citizens of the community. The industrial hygienist, although basically trained in engineering, physics, chemistry or biology has acquired by postgraduate study and experience knowledge of the effects upon health…
包括3个方面:生产过程---劳动过程---生产环境 ---社会环境?
不良劳动条件又统称为职业性有害因素 (Occupational hazards)
●环境因素 ●社会因素
●生活方式
●环境因素
化学性有害因素 (chemical hazards)
物理有害因素 (physical hazards)
生物有害因素 (biological hazards)