过去分词知识梳理-2024届高考英语一轮语法复习

过去分词
一．过去分词的构成和形式
规则动词的过去分词在动词原形后加-ed。

否定形式是在过去分词前加not。

过去分词只有一般式。

（1）Given enough care, the children can cooperate better.
（2）Not treated in time, the injured woman died soon.
二．过去分词的句法功能主要作表语、定语、补语、状语
1.作表语过去分词作表语和系动词连用，构成系表结构表状态，此时的过去分词相当于形容词（1）I was amazed at the news.
（2）I’m afraid you are slightly drunk.
2.作定语单个的过去分词作定语放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语，放在修饰词的后面。

及物动词的过去分词作定语常常表示被动和完成，但不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成。

（1）表示被动和完成
used books a written report cooked food
a book written by Lu Xun
the language spoken in that country
（2）只表示完成
a retired teacher the fallen leaves faded flowers
3.作补语过去分词作宾补说明宾语的性质和状态，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，其前的宾语是它的逻辑主语。

句子由主动变为被动时，宾补相应地变成主补
（1）过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等词的后面
①He passed away, leaving his works unfinished.
②Don’t keep your mouth shut when I ask you a question.
（2）过去分词用在使役动词have/get/make后
①He wants to have/get his eyes examined tomorrow.
②Jenny found a good way to have her English improved in a short period.
③They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
（3）感官动词see,hear,notice,observe,watch,feel,find后
①When we saw the road blocked with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
②The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed.
（4）表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like,want,wish,expect,order后
The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week.
（5）过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系
With every problem settled, he began to think of a journey.
4.作状语时间状语，原因状语，条件状语，方式状语，伴随状语等
（1）作时间状语可在句首，句尾，有时可置于主语和谓语之间
①Asked about his address, the boy didn’t respond.
②The boy, asked about his address, didn’t respond.
（2）作原因状语可在句首，偶尔见于句尾或句中
①Infected with the H1N1,the little girl was separated from the other children.
②The child behaves very well, well brough t up by his parents.
（3）作条件状语
①Given good health, I hope to finish writing the book this year.
②Seen in the distance, the village looks more beautiful.
（4）作方式或伴随状语
①The pop star hurried up to her car, followed by her fans.
②The president entered the hall,accompanied by a group of leaders.
特别提示：
根据需要，过去分词前面可加上when,while,until,once,though,although,as long as,so long as, unless,as if,as though,even if,even though等
①He will come if asked.
②Unless spoken to, she won’t say a word.
过去分词专练
1.The boy was crying with the toy____________(break).
2.____________(see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
3.In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained__________(stick) abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
4.You’d better speak louder to make yourself___________(hear).
5._________________(update) every day,our web can provide readers with the latest news.
1. I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn’t get through. Her brother __________ (talk) on the phone all the time!
2. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people____________(persuade) to eat more fruit.
3. So far this year we ___________ (see) a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.
4. The hotel wasn’t particularly good. But I ____________ (stay) in many worse hotels.
5. —I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
—I think so. He ___________________ (prepare) for it for months.
6. Unless extra money__________ (find), the theatre will close.。