2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：10

2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖
析AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
Our modern civilization must not be thought of as（）in a short period of time.
问题1选项
A.being created
B.to have been created
C.having been created
D.to be created
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：我们的现代文明不应该被认为是在短时间内创造出来的。

根据civilization 被create确定用被动语态，根据create的动作从过去开始发生，持续到现在，并且将持续下去确定用现在完成时，C选项having been created符合题意。

因此C选项正确。

2.
单选题
Though（）in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plain facts of small-town life.
问题1选项
A.raised
B.grown
C.developed
D.cultivated
【答案】A
【解析】考査动词辨析。

raised养育；grown増长；developed培养, 发展；cultivated耕作, 种植。

句意：虽然戴夫·米切尔在旧金山长大，但他更喜欢记录小镇生活的平凡生活。

选项A符合句意。

3.
单选题
Mary（）the document carefully to make sure that there were no errors in it.
问题1选项
A.scrutinized
B.overlooked
C.skipped
D.disregarded
【答案】A
【解析】动词辨析题。

scrutinized详细检查；overlooked忽略、检查；skipped跳读；disregarded忽视。

句意：玛丽仔细检查了文件以确保没有错误。

选项A符合句意。

4.
单选题
He stood（）among a thousand dimly imagined possibilities.
问题1选项
A.faltering
B.wavering
C.pausing
D.hesitating
【答案】B
【解析】词义辨析题。

faltering蹒跚, 犹豫的, 支吾的；wavering摇摆的,犹豫不决；pause暂停, 踌躇；hesitating 犹豫的。

句意：他在一千种模模糊糊想象出来的可能性中犹豫不决。

选项B符合句意。

5.
单选题
It’s（）in the regulation that you can take 20 kilos of luggage with you.
问题1选项
id upon
id out
id up
id down
【答案】D
【解析】词组辨析题。

lay upon随…而定, 把重点放在；lay out展示, 安排；lay up贮存, 搁置, 卧床不起；lay down放下, 制定, 铺设, 主张。

句意：条例规定您只能携带20公斤的行李。

选项D符合句意。

6.
单选题
Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the United States（）Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production.
问题1选项
A.than had
B.than was
C.than did
D.as was
【答案】A
【解析】语法题。

more...than...为有关比较的固定用法, 首先排除选项D。

did 代动词, 代替had an effect on the daily lives of most people of the USA, 所以选项C正确。

句意：恐怕没有谁对大多数美国人的日常生活影响能超过汽车生产的先驱亨利.福特。

7.
单选题
Reading to oneself is a modern activity that was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval worlds, while during the fi fteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace. One should be wary, however, of assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading
for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.
The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, the number of potential listeners declined, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. Reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places like libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers. Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues were, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a specialized readership on the other.
By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term “reading” implied.
1.Why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century?
2.The development of silent reading during the nineteenth century indicated （）
cationalists are still arguing about （）
4.The emergence of the mass media and of specialized periodicals showed that （）
5.What is the writer's purpose in writing this passage?
问题1选项
A.Silent reading had not been discovered.
B.There were few places available for private reading.
C.Few people could read for themselves.
D.People relied on reading for entertainment.
问题2选项
A.a change in the status of literate people
B.a change in the nature of reading
C.an increase in the number of books
D.an increase in the average age of readers
问题3选项
A.the importance of silent reading
B.the amount of information yielded by books and newspapers
C.the effects of reading on health
D.the value of different types of reading material
问题4选项
A.standards of literacy had declined
B.printing techniques had improved
C.readers' interests had diversified
cationalists' attitudes had changed
问题5选项
A.To explain how present-day reading habits developed.
B.To change people's attitudes toward reading.
C.To show how reading methods have improved.
D.To encourage the growth of reading
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:C
第5题:A
【解析】1.细节事实题。

根据第二段的一二句“The last century ...to read aloud.”随着人们读写能力的提升, 读者人数的増加以及听众的数量减少, 所以对大声朗读的需求有所减少。

由此推断19世纪以前是因为很少有人能够自己阅读, 所以大声朗读很普遍。

选项C符合原文。

2.细节事实题。

根据第一段最后一句“Examination of factors...because the tasks themselves changed in character.”可知, 19世纪无声阅读的发展说明阅读的本质发生了改变, 选项B正确。

3.细节事实题。

根据第三段的第一句“there was still considerable...mentally weakening.”关于书籍是否应被用于提供信息或受到尊重, 以及诸如报纸之类的阅读材料是否在某种程度上削弱了人们的精神, 仍有相当多的争论。

由此推断, 选项D符合原文。

4.细节事实题。

根据第三段的最后一句“the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a specialized readership on the other.”旧的共享知识文化已经消失, 一方面取而代之的是印刷的大众传媒, 另一方面是专门的书籍和期刊阅读。

由此推断, 读者的兴趣越来越多样化, 所以选C。

5.作者意图题。

全文主要讲述reading（阅读）的变化及发展, 这一发展变化说明读书习惯的形成过程及原因, 所以选项A正确。

8.
单选题
Don't leave your bicycle out in the rain. It'll get（）.
问题1选项
A.rusty
B.crude
C.rough
D.tough
【答案】A 【解析】句意：不要将你的自行车放在雨中, 会生锈的。

选项A正确。

9.
单选题
It might be supposed that greater efficiency should be achieved if several people collaborate to solve a problem than if only one individual works on it. The assumption is by no means invariably true.
Although groups often may increase the motivation of their members to deal with problems, there is a counter-balancing need to contend with conflicts arising among members of a group and to give it coherent directions. Problem-solving is facilitated by the presence of an effective leader who not only provides direction but permits the orderly, constructive expression of a variety of opinions; much of the leade r’s effort may be devoted to resolving differences. Success in problem-solving also depends on the distribution of ability within a group. Solutions simply may reflect the presence of an outstanding individual who might perform even better by himself.
Although groups may reach a greater number of correct solutions, or may require less time to discover an answer, their net man-hour efficiency is typically lower than that achieved by skilled individuals working alone.
A process called brainstorming has been offered as a method of facilitating the production of new solutions to problems. In brainstorming, a problem is presented to a group of people who then proceed to offer whatever they can think of, regardless of quality and with as few inhibitions as possible. Theoretically these unrestricted suggestions increase the probability that at least some superior solutions will emerge. Nevertheless, studies show that when individuals work alone under similar conditions, performance tends to proceed more efficiently than it does in groups.
Under special circumstances, however, a group may solve problems more effectively than does a reasonably competent individual. Group members may contribute different (and essential) resources to a solution that no individual can readily achieve alone; such pooling of information and skills can make group achievements superior in dealing with selected problems. Sometimes social demands may require group agreement on a single alternative, as in formulating national economic or military policies under democratic governments. When only one among several alternative solutions is correct, even if a group requires more time, it has a higher probability of identifying the right one than does an individual alone.
1.In this passage, the author argues that thinking in groups（）
2.The phrase ‘contend with’ in Paragraph Two most probably means （）
3.According to the author, compared with an individual, a group （）
4.The word ‘brainstorming’ in Paragraph Four roughly means（）
5.It can be seen from the passage that a group will be more efficient in（）
问题1选项
A.is the best way to solve any problems
B.is by no means useful in problem-solving
C.may result in effective problem-solving under certain circumstances
D.will inevitably produce greater efficiency in problem-solving than individual thinking
问题2选项
A.handle
B.argue with
C.satisfy
pete with
问题3选项
A.may need more time to discover an answer
B.needs an effective leader to provide direction
C.often fails to resolve conflicts among its members
D.will always produce better suggestions
问题4选项
A.offering a method of facilitating the production of new solutions to problems
B.unrestrained offering of ideas and suggestions by a group of people to seek solutions to problems
C.increasing the efficiency in problem-solving by working with each other
D.forcing people to work together to solve a problem
问题5选项
A.solving problems that need intensive study
B.analyzing information and data
C.dealing with national problems
D.selecting the best solution to a problem
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:B
第4题:B
第5题:C
【解析】1.细节事实题。

根据最后一段的第一句“Under special circumstances, however, a group may solve problems more effectively than does a reasonably competent individual.”在特殊情况下，一个团队可能比一个有能力的人更有效地解决问题。

选项C符合原文。

2.词义题。

根据原文可知，这里指需要处理好成员之间的冲突，选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。

根据第二段的第二句“Problem-solving is facilitated by the presence of an effective leader…”一个有效的领导者的存在有助于解决问题。

选项B符合原文。

4.语义题。

根据第四段的第二句“In brainstorming, a problem is presented to a group of people who then proceed to offer whatever they can think of, regardless of quality and with as few inhibitions as possible.”头脑风暴指提供一个问题给一群人，然后他们会谈论所能想到的任何东西，而不管质量如何，并且尽可能不受限制。

也就是说一群人无拘无束地提出想法和建议，寻求问题的解决方案；选项B正确。

5.细节事实题。

根据最后一段的最后两句可知：在处理国家问题上，集体比个人更有效率。

10.
单选题
People of different races should live in（）with each other for global peace.
问题1选项
A.harmony
B.federation
C.unity
D.union
【答案】A
【解析】词义辨析题。

harmony和谐；federation联邦；unity团结；union联合。

句意：为了世界和平, 不同种族的人民应该和睦相处。

选项A符合句意。

11.
单选题
The Anti-Japanese War（）in 1937.
问题1选项
A.was happened
B.broke out
C.was broken
D.was broken out 【答案】B
【解析】语法题。

break out和happen均属于不及物动词, 没有被动形式。

所以只有选项B正确。

12.
单选题
I prefer his plan to yours,（）it is more practical and easier to be carried out.
问题1选项
A.for which
B.in which
C.for that
D.in that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：与你的计划相比，我更喜欢他的计划，因为它更实际，更容易执行。

in that表原因，符合句意。

13.
单选题
Color-blind people often find it difficult to（）between blue and green.
问题1选项
A.separate
pare
C.contrast
D.distinguish
【答案】D
【解析】词义辨析题。

separate分离；compare比较；contrast对比；distinguish辨别。

句意：色盲患者经常很难区分蓝色和绿色。

选项D正确。

14.
单选题
Oh, what a nuisance! It（）so easy for me to bring those photographs I wanted to show you, and I have left them on the table at home.
问题1选项
A.would have been
B.had been
C.would be
D.was
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。

句意：真讨厌, 我本来很容易就能把那些我想给你看的照片帯过来, 我却把它们落在家里的桌子上了。

would have done为虚拟语气, 表示本应该做的事但却没有做。

15.
单选题
He was more or less disappointed at（）more guests.
问题1选项
A.not having
B.there not having
C.not having been
D.there not having been
【答案】A
【解析】be disappointed at doing sth..为固定搭配, 表示“对...感到失望”,首先排除选项B和D；根据句意：没有更多的客人, 他多少有点失望。

这里不存在被动语态, 所以选项A正确。