2014年高考阅读理解题选读――说明文12篇-11页精选文档

2014年高考阅读理解题选读――说明文12篇（一）（新课标I卷B篇）Since the first Earth Day in 1970，Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment.“We didn’t know at that time that there even was an environment， let alone that there was a problem with it，”says Bruc e Anderson，president of Earth Day USA.
But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people， political leaders，university professors， and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part i n the movement. “The understanding has increased many， many times，” says Gaylord Nelson， the former governor from Wisconsin， who thought up the first Earth Day.
According to US government reports， emissions （排放） from cars and trucks have dropped from 10. 3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons. The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with， the world is a safer and healthier place.
A kind of“green thinking”has become part of practices.
Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6，600. Advanced lights， motors， and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.
Twenty-five years ago， there were hardly any education programs for environment. Today，it’s hard to find a public school，university， or law school that does not have such a kind of program. “Until we do that， nothing else will change！”says Bruce Anderson.
1. According to Anderson， before 1970， Americans had little idea about ________.
A. the social movement
B. recycling techniques
C. environmental problems
D. the importance of Earth Day
2. Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from？
A. The grass-roots level.
B. The business circle.
C. Government officials.
D. University professors.
3. What have Americans achieved in environmental protection？
A. They have cut car emissions to the lowest.
B. They have settled their environmental problems.
C. They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.
D. They have reduced pollution through effective measures.
4. What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph？
A. Education.
B. Planning.
C. Green living.
D. CO reduction. 5. What does the passage mainly tell us？
A. How the first Earth Day came into being.
B. America has made great progress in protecting the environment.
C. A kind of“green thinking”has become part of practices in America.
D. Protecting the environment has grown into a social movement in America.
（二）
（山东卷D篇）How fit are your teeth？ Are you lazy about brushing them？ Never fear： An inventor is on the case. An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush， and it lets you track your performance on your phone.
The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this week. It senses how it is moved and can send the information to an Android phone or iPhone via a Bluetooth wireless connection.
The toothbrush will be able to teach you to brush right （don't forget the insides of the teeth！）and make sure you’re brushing long enough. “It’s kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis，”says Thomas Serval， the French inventor.
The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications
on your phone， so developers could， for instance， create a game controlled by your toothbrush. You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth. “We try to make it smart but also fun，”Serval says.
Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said“yes，“but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.
The company says the Kolibree will go on sale this summer， for $99 to $199， depending on features. The U. S. is the first target market.
Serval says that one day，it’ll be possible to replace the brush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera. The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you brush.
1. Which is one of the features of the Kolibree toothbrush？
A. It can sense how users brush their teeth.
B. It can track users’school performance.
C. It can detect users’ fear of seeing a dentist.
D. It can help users find their phones.
2. What can we learn from Serval’s words in Paragraph 3？
A. You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist.
B. You should see your dentist on a day-to-day basis.
C. You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a dentist.
D. You’d like a dentist t o watch you brush your teeth every day.
3. Which of the following might make the Kolibree toothbrush fun？
A. It can be used to update mobile phones.
B. It can be used to play mobile phone games.
C. It can send messages to other users.
D. It can talk to its developers.
4. What can we infer about Serval’s children？
A. They were unwilling to brush their teeth.
B. They often failed to clean their toothbrushes.
C. They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head.
D. They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home.
5. What can we learn about the future development of the Kolibree？
A. The brush handle will be removed.
B. A mobile phone will be built into it.
C. It will be used to fill holes in teeth.
D. It will be able to check users’teeth.
（三）
（江苏卷C篇）Most damagingly，anger weakens a person’s ability
to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.
Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture， physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels（决斗） as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person’s awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.
Anger can be identified in the brain， where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG （脑电图） measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal （额叶前部） areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition（意向） that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balanced and， as a result of this，we’re likely to react. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions， whether positive or negative.
Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour：
we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions， in contrast， are associated with avoidance behaviour： we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are， the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger： the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry（不对称） of EEG activity. Interestingly， this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy （同感） towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger， in contrast， the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the
anger-inspiring situation. 1. The“duels”example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger ________.
A. usually has a biological basis
B. varies among people
C. is socially and culturally shaped
D. influences one’s thinking and evaluation
2. What changes can be found in an angry brain？
A. Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.
B. Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.
C. Electrical activity corresponds to one’s behaviour.
D. Electrical activity agrees with one’s dispos ition.
3. Which of the following is typical of offensive anger？
A. Approaching the source of anger.
B. Trying to control what is disliked.
C. Moving away from what is disliked.
D. Feeling helpless in the face of anger.
4. According to the text， we move towards the people and things that ________.
A. we dislike
B. we are worried about
C. we are angry with
D. we are afraid of
5. What is the key message of the last paragraph？
A. How anger differs from other emotions.
B. How anger relates to other emotions.
C. Behavioural responses to anger.
D. Behavioural patterns of anger.
（四）
（安微卷E篇）You may not have heard of Ashoka， but for the past 27 years， this association， founded by Bill Drayton， has fought poverty（贫困） and sickness， promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes， Ashoka
provides money for the world’s most
promising“changemakers”seeking to solve urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.
Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about， you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy， healthy， contributing adult. In fact，it is many young people’s ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka， which handled the rubbish problem facing the city， helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there.
When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka’s streets， attracting rats and disease， they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste. So they educated the poor people in the city to compost（把……
制成堆肥） this waste. They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilizers（化肥） which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years. At first， they were refused，but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to
be made， the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14， 000. Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious， practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.
1. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage？
A. Changemakers
B. Businessmen
C. Social Conditions
D. Rubbish Problem
2. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？
A. Ashoka was founded by Bill Drayton.
B. Chemical fertilizers in Dhaka were expensive.
C. Every child wants to grow into a contributing adult.
D. Only some of the uncollected rubbish in Dhaka is natural waste.
3. The underlined word“them”in Paragraph 3 probably refers to“________.”
A. the local farmers
B. Masqsood and Iftekhar
C. Drayton and his team
D. the poor people in Dhaka
4. It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become
a changemaker if he ________.
A. considers Drayton’s concept
B. gets permission from Ashoka
C. tries to improve social conditions
D. is a young， happy and healthy adult
5. The author’s attitude towards Ashoka’s program can be described as ________.
A. changing
B. forgiving
C. cautious
D. positive
（五）
（浙江A卷） Wealth starts with a goal and saving a dollar a 希望以上资料对你有所帮助，附励志名言3条：
1、上帝说：你要什么便取什么，但是要付出相当的代价。

2、目标的坚定是性格中最必要的力量源泉之一，也是成功的利器之一。

没有它，天才会在矛盾无定的迷径中徒劳无功。

3、当你无法从一楼蹦到三楼时，不要忘记走楼梯。

要记住伟大的成功往往不是一蹴而就的，必须学会分解你的目标，逐步实施。

第 11 页。