in+the+balance+读写限时小练习 高中英语牛津译林版(2020)必修第三册

Unit 1 Nature in the balance
限时小练习--读写篇
（限时30分钟）
一、单句翻译
1.增加生产转而会增加利润。

(in turn)
___________________________________________________.
2.我们把这个项目分成几个小项逐一进行吧。

(break down)
___________________________________________________.
3.通过上色,艺术家可以将活力注入照片中原本枯燥的地方。

(breathe life into)
___________________________________________________.
4.这些藏品是在过去十年里逐渐收集起来的。

(build up)
___________________________________________________.
5.谈到这个人的时候自然会想起“善良”“诚实”这样的字眼。

(spring to mind)
___________________________________________________.
6.他希望祛除膝盖处的疼痛。

(get rid of)
___________________________________________________.
7.几位成员提出了他们自己的建议。

(come up with)
___________________________________________________.
8.这种行为可能会引起误解。

(give rise to)
___________________________________________________.
9.校长既不会允许课程上的变革,也不会对其予以考虑。

(neither/nor+助动词+主语)
___________________________________________________.
10.当我们爬上山顶时,我们看到了云海的壮观景象。

(a sea of)
___________________________________________________.
二、完形填空
She looked up at me sadly, her pain obviously unbearable. I 1. _______her as she swam silently around the small pool, surrounded by people she didn't know. The top left corner of her yellow shell was 2._______ and her flippers(鳍状肢) were filled with cuts and scars. Then she swam slowly to others.
I couldn't help but think that these 3._______ creatures looked as though they were war heroes wounded in battle, but they weren't. They were just a group of innocent sea turtles that had been injured by 4._______ humans.
Earlier that day , our group of forty high school students had learnt that those endangered sea turtles were being killed all the time 5._______ water pollution , litter, and careless boatmen and fishermen. We were taught how to 6._______ the deaths and injuries of this species and to encourage others to conserve our ocean life and environment.
I had always been conscious of the damage our environment was suffering but I had never truly been given the opportunity to 7._______ the devastating(毀灭性的) effects of environmental destruction until I observed that 8._______ . Seeing a picture or movie of these animals cannot truly capture the 9._______ on their faces. Now that I have witnessed the harm caused by the pollution and people's carelessness, I try to encourage my peers to 10 ._______ their daily habits to 11._______ the environment by recycling, conserving water and energy, or 12._______ time and money to help save endangered animals. I stress to them that we need to start saving our environment now before it's too late, We must fight for those creatures that cannot 13._______ for themselves because we have only one world to live in and one chance to save it. Now I
will always be that person 14._______ that ice cream wrapper flying crazily in the wind just because I hate the thought of even one piece of 15._______ on the ground.
()1. A. recognized B. introduced C. watched D. satisfied
()2. A. strange B. missing C. shining D. complex
()3. A. troublesome B. rare C. ugly D. unfortunate
()4. A. skillful B. stubborn C. intelligent D.careless
()5. A. because of B. in case of C. in spite of D. apart from
()6.A. report B. lessen C. escape D. prove
()7. A. see B. predict C. prevent D.experience
()8. A. boatman B. fisherman C. visitor D. turtle
()9. A. pain B.dirt C. mask D. sign
()10. A. mention B. form C. change D. check
()11. A. describe B. witness C.investigate D. benefit
()12. A. donating B. sharing C. ignoring D. recording ()13. A. wait B. search C. care D. fight
()14. A. running after B. looking after C. naming after D. getting after
()15. A. food B. coin C. litter D. metal
三、阅读理解
Delhi has been the centre of a succession of mighty empires and powerful kingdoms in India.Numerous ruins scattered throughout the territory offer a constant reminder of the area's history, which makes the city always be a fascinating place for tourists.
With the development of the city and more and more people moving, the city has expanded several times in size. That is why it is called New Delhi. New Delhi, a city
with a population of over 20 million people , has its newest problem : never before has this city met with the worst air problem.
Air pollution in India's capital surged to its worst levels in years , covering the city in a thick smog that has become an annual public-health emergency despite government vows to solve the problem.
Hundreds of flights were diverted, delayed and cancelled over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices were closed Monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools , colleges , hospitals and markets.
New Delhi is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants , swirling dust from construction sites and roads and smoke from crop stubble burning in neighbouring states. Fireworks and firecrackers to celebrate the Hindu festival of Diwali then arrive , leaving Delhi the world's most polluted city.
The city's air quality index, which measures a mix of dangerous pollutants, registered an average score of 494 Sunday. That is the highest 24-hour average since November 6, 2016, when it hit 497.according to data measured by the Central Pollution Control Board.
()1. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Diwali is one of the most important festivals in India.
B. The government did little to protect its citizens against the serious pollution
C. Such a serious air pollution in New Delhi appears on a regular basis.
D. The index of the recent air pollution is not the worst in the history.
()2.Who may not complain about the serious air pollution?
A. The parents whose children have to stay at home.
B. The pilots whose planes have been diverted or delayed.
C. The manufacturers who produce antipollution masks.
D. The officials who have to work out of their offices.
()3. Which of the following phrases can replace the underlined word in Paragraph 5?
A. Sent out.
B. Sent up.
C. Sent in.
D. Sent on.
()4. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. Problems Caused by the Development of New Delhi
B. Dangerous Pollution Envelops New Delhi
C. Antipollution Masks Are in Great Need in New Delhi
D. Farmers in the Neighbouring States Are to Blame for Burning Crop Stubble
【答案解析】
一、单句翻译
1. Increased production will in turn lead to increased profits.
2. Let's break down the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one.
3. Through colouring, the artist can breathe life into an otherwise lifeless area of a photo.
4. The collection has been built up over the last decade.
5. Kindness and honesty are words that spring to mind when talking of the man.
6. He hoped to get rid of the pain in his knee.
7.Several members have come up with suggestions of their own.
8. Such behaviour might give rise to misunderstanding
9. The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor/neither will he even give it a thought.
10. We had a grand view of a sea of clouds when we climbed to the top of the mountain.
二、完形填空
【语篇导读】
作者通过讲述自己看到一只受伤的小海龟的经历,鼓励大家保护环境,拯救濒危动物。

1.C 由前文可知,她看着作者,所以可推知作者也在观察她。

recognize 意为“认识;
意识到”;introduce 意为“介绍”;watch 意为“观察”;satisfy 意为“使满意”。

故选C项。

2.B and her flippers were filled with cuts and scars 可知,此处是描述小海龟所受的伤害。

所以此处是说她黄色外壳的左上角缺了一块。

strange意为“奇怪的”missing 意
为“失踪的;缺少的”;shining 意为“光亮的,华丽的”;complex意为“复杂的;合成的”。

故选B项。

3.D根据前文可知,她黄色外壳的左上角缺了一块,鳍状肢满是伤口和伤疤,可见这群海龟是不幸的。

troublesome 意为“讨厌的”;rare 意为“稀有的”;ugly 意为“丑陋的”;unfortunate 意为“不幸的”。

故选D项。

4.D 由段中的Now that I have witnessed the harm caused by the pollution and people's carelessness 可知,他们是一群无辜的海龟,被粗心的人类伤害。

skillful意为“熟练的”;stubborn 意为“顽固的”;intelligent 意为“智能的;聪明的”;careless 意为“粗心的”。

故选D项。

5.A 句意:当天早些时候,我们这个由40个高中生组成的团队已经得知那些濒危的海龟一直因为水污染、垃圾和粗心的船夫和渔民而丧命。

根据句意可知,此处列举的是海龟死亡的原因。

because of意为“因为”;in case of 意为“万一,如果发生”;in spite of意为“尽管”;apart from 意为“除……之外”。

故选A项。

6.B 句意:我们被教导如何减少这个物种的死亡和受伤(的风险),以及如何鼓励其他人保护我们的海洋生物及环境。

report 意为“报告;报道”;lessen 意为“减少,减轻”;escape 意为“逃走”;prove 意为“证明”。

故选B项。

7.A 句意:我一直能意识到我们的环境所遭受的破坏,但我从未真正有机会看到环境破坏带来的毁灭性影响,直到我注意到那只海龟。

根据句意可知,作者一直没机会看到环境破坏带来的毁灭性影响。

see 意为“看到”;predict 意为“预言”;prevent 意为“预防,防止”, experience 意为“经历”。

故选A项。

8.D 根据前文可知,作者直到看到受伤的海龟,才真正了解到环境破坏带来的恶劣影响。

boatman 意为“船夫”:fisherman 意为“渔夫”;visitor 意为“访问者”;turtle意为“海龟”。

故选D项。

9.A 句意:仅看记录这些动物的照片或电影是无法真正地捕捉到它们脸上的痛苦的。

pain 意为“痛苦”;dirt意为“污垢:泥土”;mask 意为“面具;口罩”;sign 意为“迹象;符号”。

故选A项。

10.C'根据语境可知,只有改变人们的日常习惯,才能改变环境。

mention 意为“提到”;form 意为“组成”change 意为“改变”;check 意为“检查”。

故选C项。

11.D此处指通过改变人们的行为习惯从而使环境受益。

describe 意为“描述”;witness 意为“目击”:investigate 意为“调査”;benefit 意为“使受益”。

故选D 项。

12.A 此处指通过投入时间和金钱来帮助拯救濒临灭绝的动物。

donate 意为“捐赠,捐献”;share 意为“分享”;ignore 意为“忽视”;record 意为“记录”。

故选A项。

13.D 句意:我们必须为那些不能为自己而战的生物而战。

wait意为“等
待”;search 意为“搜寻”;care 意为“关心”;fight 意为“战斗”。

故选D项。

14.A 作者会追逐着在风中狂舞的冰激凌包装纸,因为作者讨厌地上有垃圾,哪
怕只是一小片垃圾。

Run after 意为“追逐”;look after 意为“照顾”;name after 意为“以……命名”;get after 意为“攻击,追击”。

故选A项。

15.C作者讨厌地上有垃圾,哪怕只是一小片垃圾food 意为“食物”;coin 意为“硬币”;litter 意为“垃圾”;metal 意为“金属”。

故选C项。

三、阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了印度新德里面对的严重空气污染。

1.B 推理判断题.
【关键句1】Air pollution in Indian's capital surged to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick smog that has become an annual public-health emergency despite government vows to solve the problem.
释义:印度首都的空气污染飙升至多年来最严重的水平,让城市笼罩在厚厚的雾霾
中。

尽管政府发誓要解决这个问题,但这仍然成了每年都会发生的公共卫生紧急事件.
【关键句2】... officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools,
colleges,hospitals and markets.
释义:……官员们匆忙采取紧急措施,试图扭转不断恶化的空气质量。

在中小学、大学、医院里和市场上,数百万只防污染口罩被分发下去了。

【解析】根据关键句可知,政府发誓要解决空气污染问题,并采取了相应的措施。

由此可知,B项的表述不正确。

2.C 推理判断题
【关键句1】Hundreds of flights were diverted, delayed and cancelled over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices were closed Monday...
释义:周末期间,由于能见度低,数百架航班备降、被延误或取消,学校和办公室周一关闭……
【关键句2】见第1小题关键句2
【解析】由关键句可知,C项中提到的生产防污染口罩的厂家会因空气污染获利,而空气污染会给其他选项提到的对象带来不利影响。

故选C项。

3.A 词义猜测题
【关键句】New Delhi is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust from construction sites and roads and smoke from crop stubble burning in neighbouring states.
释义:随着天气变冷,汽车和燃煤电厂排放的污染物、建筑工地和道路上的扬尘
以及周边地区焚烧农作物秸秆产生的烟雾形成的浓雾使新德里每年都笼罩在污染
物之中。

【解析】汽车和用煤发电的发电厂会排放污染物,因此send out(发出)符合题意。

send up 意为“发射”;send in意为“提交;派遣”;send on 意为“转送,转交”。

4.B 标题概括题
【解析】本文主要讲述了印度的新德里被严重的空气污染困扰,政府发誓要解决污染问题,并采取了措施, 因此B项“新德里被严重的污染所笼罩”符合本文的大意。