丁酸梭菌与富硒酵母对蛋鸡生产性能及粪便菌群结构的影响

合集下载
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

54卷
收稿日期:2023-04-28
基金项目:广西自然科学基金项目(2020GXNSFBA159054);广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(2021KY1187);广西
农业职业技术大学科学研究与技术开发项目(XKJ2330,YKJ2213)
通讯作者:陆有飞(1972-),https:///0009-0004-7883-5187,高级工程师,主要从事畜牧兽医研究工作,E-mail :260017897@
;白琳(1986-),https:///0009-0004-7810-4886,博士,主要从事细胞生物学研究工作,E-mail :123bailin123@
第一作者:陈孟姣(1992-),https:///0000-0002-9986-4284,主要从事动物营养与饲料科学研究工作,E-mail :874020128@
丁酸梭菌与富硒酵母对蛋鸡生产性能及
粪便菌群结构的影响
陈孟姣1,王海波1,肖鹏1,何东贤1,莫红芳1,彭健波1,谢树桃1,
周贞兵1,陆有飞1*,白琳2*
(1广西农业职业技术大学动物科技学院,广西南宁
530007;2广西中医药大学基础医学院,广西南宁
530200)
摘要:【目的】探究混合饲喂丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyricum )和富硒酵母对蛋鸡生产性能和粪便菌群结构的影响,为提升蛋鸡生产性能和经济价值提供参考依据。

【方法】以海兰褐蛋鸡为试验动物,对照组(CK )饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加丁酸梭菌类和富硒酵母(T1,添加1.0g/kg 丁酸梭菌和0.2mg/kg 富硒酵母;T2,添加2.0g/kg 丁酸梭菌和0.2mg/kg 富硒酵母;T3,添加3.0g/kg 丁酸梭菌和0.2mg/kg 富硒酵母)。

预试期7d ,正试期28d ,期间测定蛋鸡的产蛋率、平均日采食量、平均蛋重、料蛋比和死淘率,试验结束时测定蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄颜色、蛋白高度、哈氏单位和鸡蛋硒含量,并收集各组蛋鸡粪便,通过生物信息学方法分析其菌群结构。

【结果】在生产性能方面,与CK 相比,T1的产蛋率显著提高(P <0.05,下同),平均蛋重无显著差异(P >0.05,下同),平均日采食量和料蛋比显著降低,其他各组的平均日采食量和料蛋比略有下降;T1和T3的死淘率有所降低;各组的蛋白高度、哈氏单位和蛋形指数差异不显著;T1和T2的蛋壳厚度和鸡蛋硒含量均显著提高,且均以T1最高。

在粪便菌群结构方面,与CK 相比,T1和T2的ACE 指数和Chao1指数升高,但差异不显著;T1的Shannon 指数降低,Simpson 指数升高,但差异均不显著。

T1粪便的菌群丰富度和多样性均呈上升趋势;在门分类水平,CK 的优势菌群为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes )、变形菌门(Proteobac-teria )和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes ),占比分别为74.02%、9.14%和7.03%,试验组的优势菌群均为厚壁菌门和变形菌门,其中,T1的变形菌门占比显著高于CK ,厚壁菌门占比与CK 差异不显著;在属分类水平,CK 和试验组的优势菌群均为乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus ),其占比间均无显著差异;T1和T2的梭形杆菌属(Lysinibacillus )占比均显著高于CK ,其他属组成的菌属与CK 均无显著差异。

【结论】在基础日粮中添加丁酸梭菌和富硒酵母能提高蛋鸡的部分生产性能,且有利于促进蛋鸡肠道优良菌群结构形成,以添加1.0g/kg 丁酸梭菌和0.2mg/kg 富硒酵母的饲喂效果最佳。

关键词:蛋鸡;丁酸梭菌;富硒酵母;生长性能;粪便菌群结构中图分类号:S816.79
文献标志码:A
文章编号:2095-1191(2023)08-2482-08
Effects of Clostridium butyricum and selenium-enriched yeast on production performance and fecal flora structure of laying hens
CHEN Meng-jiao 1,WANG Hai-bo 1,XIAO Peng 1,HE Dong-xian 1,MO Hong-fang 1,
PENG Jian-bo 1,XIE Shu-tao 1,ZHOU Zhen-bing 1,LU You-fei 1*,BAI Lin 2*
(1College of Animal Science and Technology ,Guangxi V ocational University of Agriculture ,Nanning ,Guangxi 530007,China ;2
School of Basic Medicine ,Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine ,Nanning ,Guangxi 530200,China )Abstract :【Objective 】The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding Clostridium butyricum and selenium-enriched yeast to the diet on the production performance and fecal flora structure of laying hens ,so as to provide references
8期·2483·
0引言
【研究意义】随着我国经济的持续发展,人们对高质量肉、蛋和奶的需求也在逐步提高,为消费者提供更优质、安全和无抗鸡蛋已成为蛋鸡养殖者考虑的问题。

丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyricum)属于益生菌,在促进蛋鸡生长、提高饲料转化率和增加产蛋率等方面具有重要作用(Han et al.,2020;Fu et al.,2021),可降低养殖成本,提高产出效益(郑超等,2020;刘亚男等,2022)。

富硒酵母是在酵母体内通过生物转化形成的一种有机硒物质,作为营养补充剂已广泛应用于动物饲料配制(何柳青等,2012;蔡娟等,2014),但尚不清楚其在蛋鸡饲料中与丁酸梭菌混合使用的效果。

因此,探究混合饲喂丁酸梭菌和富硒酵母对蛋鸡生产性能和粪便菌群结构的影响,对提升蛋鸡生产性能和经济价值具有重要意义。

【前人研究进展】丁酸梭菌是一种常见的肠道菌群成员,也是一种优势菌,对蛋鸡生长和生产性能的影响已受到广泛关注(Zhan et al.,2019;Wang et al.,2020b)。

丁酸梭菌作为优势菌在鸡肠道中占据一定比例,可产生酸性代谢产物降低肠道pH,抑制有害菌生长,从而促进蛋鸡生长(Zhan et al.,2019;Khan et al.,2020)。

已有研究表明,蛋鸡饲喂丁酸梭菌后,其体重、日增重、饲料转化率、产蛋率和蛋白高度等指标均显著提高,蛋壳破损率和畸形蛋率降低(Obi-anwuna et al.,2023)。

Wang等(2023)研究发现,在饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌能提升产蛋高峰后蛋鸡的生产性能;对饲喂丁酸梭菌的老年蛋鸡进行微生物组学及转录组学分析,发现丁酸梭菌可能是通过提升鸡的卵巢质量从而提高生产性能。

富硒酵母在蛋鸡养殖中作为一种营养补充剂,能增强蛋鸡免疫力,促进蛋鸡生长发育,提高蛋品质(Lu et al.,2019,2020)。

Wang等(2022)研究认为,在饲粮中添加硒可提高蛋鸡抗氧化、抗应激和免疫功能,还可提升蛋鸡的繁殖
for improving the production performance and economic value of layer hens.【Method】Hy-line brown laying hens were used as experimental animals.The control group(CK)was fed a basal diet,while the experimental groups received the basal diet supplemented with C.butyricum and selenium-enriched yeast.The supplementation levels were as follows:T1 group added1.0g/kg of C.butyricum and0.2mg/kg of selenium-enriched yeast,T2group added2.0g/kg of C.butyricum and0.2mg/kg of selenium-enriched yeast,and T3group added3.0g/kg of C.butyricum and0.2mg/kg of selenium-en-riched yeast.The pre-feeding period lasted for7d,followed by a28d experimental period,laying rate,average daily feed intake,average egg weight,the ratio of feed to egg and mortality rate of laying hens were measured during the period. At the end of the experiment,egg shape index,eggshell thickness,egg yolk color,albumen height,Haugh unit and egg selenium content were determined,and feces of laying hens in each group were collected and their flora structures were analyzed by bioinformatics.【Result】In terms of production performance,compared to the CK,T1group showed a significantly increased egg production rate(P<0.05,the same below),no significant difference in average egg weight(P> 0.05,the same below),and significantly decreased average daily feed intake and the ratio of feed to egg.Other groups showed slight decreases inaverage daily feed intake and the ratio of feed to egg.T1and T3groups had reduced mortality rates.There were no significant differences in albumen height,Haugh unit,and egg shape index among all experimental groups.The eggshell thickness and egg selenium content in T1and T2groups increased significantly,with the highest in T1group.In terms of fecal flora structure,compared to the CK,T1and T3groups showed increases in ACE index and Chao1index,but the differences were not significant.T1group exhibited a decrease in Shannon index and an increase in Simpson index,but the differences were not significant.There was an upward trend in microbial richness and diversity in T1group.At the phylum level,the dominant bacterial phyla in the CK were Firmicutes,Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes,accounting for74.02%,9.14%and7.03%,respectively.The dominant bacterial phyla in all experimental groups were Fir-micutes and Proteobacteria.In T1group,the abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly higher than in the CK,while the proportion of Firmicutes showed no significant differences with that in the CK.At the genus level,the dominant bacte-rial genus in both CK and the experimental groups was Lactobacillus,with no significant differences in proportion.The proportion of Lysinibacillus was significantly higher in T1and T2group compared to CK,while other genera showed no significant differences with that in the CK.【Conclusion】Adding C.butyricum and selenium-enriched yeast to basal diet can improve partial production performance of laying hens,while also promote the formation of a favorable intestinal flo-ra structure in laying hens.The best feeding effect can be reached when1.0g/kg of C.butyricum and0.2mg/kg of selenium-enriched yeast are provided.
Key words:laying hens;Clostridium butyricum;selenium-enriched yeast;production performance;fecal flora structure
Foundation items:Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2020GXNSFBA159054);Project of Guangxi University Young Teachers’Research Foundation to Enhance Basic Research Ability(2021KY1187);Scientific Research and Tech-nological Development Project of Guangxi V ocational University of Agriculture(XKJ2330,YKJ2213)
陈孟姣等:丁酸梭菌与富硒酵母对蛋鸡生产性能及粪便菌群结构的影响
54卷
南方农业学报·2484·
性能。

Chantiratikul 等(2023)研究发现,随着日粮中硒添加量的增加,鸡的产蛋量和鸡蛋中的硒含量随之增加,硒含量在补硒后1周即达到峰值并影响蛋鸡的生产性能。

Liu 等(2023)研究表明,蛋鸡饲粮中添加富硒酵母能提高鸡蛋的品质,其蛋黄的硒含量显著提高,同时蛋黄中的脂肪和胆固醇含量显著降低,蛋黄色泽更鲜艳。

此外,富硒酵母能抑制蛋白的氧化反应,有利于延长鸡蛋的保鲜期(薛梅,2022)。

也有研究表明,在饲粮中添加富硒酵母后,蛋鸡的淋巴细胞转化率、T 细胞数量和B 细胞数量等指标均显著提高,体内免疫球蛋白含量增加,进而增强蛋鸡免疫力(Ahmed et al.,2022)。

【本研究切入点】在蛋鸡养殖过程中通常会添加多种益生菌和补充剂以提高鸡的生产效率和蛋品质,但目前混合饲喂丁酸梭菌和富硒酵母对蛋鸡生产性能和粪便菌群结构影响的研究鲜见报道。

【拟解决的关键问题】在海兰褐蛋鸡基础日粮中混合添加丁酸梭菌和富硒酵母,探究其对蛋鸡生产性能和粪便菌群结构的影响,以期为提升蛋鸡生产性能和经济价值提供理论依据。

1材料与方法
1.1
试验材料
试验在广西靖西市某养殖合作社进行,1日龄海兰褐蛋鸡鸡苗购自南宁市某孵化场,网上育雏,笼养育成后,选取19周龄初产蛋鸡进行试验。

丁酸梭菌由湖北蓝谷中微生物技术有限公司提供,经检测其活菌数≥2×1010个/g ;富硒酵母由安琪酵母股份有限公司提供,总硒含量2176.10mg/kg ,其中有机硒含量2173.90mg/kg 。

1.2试验方法
1.2.1试验设计选取19周龄海兰褐蛋鸡600只,随机分为4组[试验组T1~T3和对照组(CK ),每组3个重复,每重复50只]。

CK 饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中加入丁酸梭菌和富硒酵母,其中,T1添加1.0g/kg 丁酸梭菌和0.2mg/kg 富硒酵母,T2添加2.0g/kg 丁酸梭菌和0.2mg/kg 富硒酵母,T3添加3.0g/kg 丁酸梭菌和0.2mg/kg 富硒酵母。

试验预试期7d ,正试期28d 。

1.2.2饲养管理蛋鸡以3层阶梯式单笼饲养,每笼2只,自然光照、自由采食和饮水。

按常规饲养管理程序进行栏舍清扫和消毒。

蛋鸡营养水平以玉米豆粕型饲粮为基础日粮,其组成见表1,其营养水平为代谢能(计算值)11.00MJ/kg ,粗蛋白17.00%,钙3.60%,磷0.50%,赖氨酸0.70%,蛋氨酸0.50%。

1.2.3测定指标及方法生产性能:试验期间每
天观察蛋鸡状态,记录产蛋数和死淘数,每周收集蛋重和体重数据,以重复为单位结料。

计算产蛋率、平均日采食量、平均蛋重、料蛋比和死淘率。

产蛋率(%)=日产蛋枚数/日饲养鸡只数×100平均日采食量(g/只)=周采食总量/周饲养鸡只数平均蛋重(g )=日产蛋总重/日产蛋个数料蛋比=采食总量/产蛋总重死淘率(%)=死淘鸡只数/饲养鸡只数×100试验结束时,从每重复收集接近平均蛋重的鸡蛋30枚,在24h 内测定蛋形指数(使用游标卡尺)、蛋壳厚度(使用蛋壳厚度测定仪)、蛋白高度和哈氏单位,观察蛋黄颜色。

每重复收集接近平均蛋重的鸡蛋2枚,送至广西益谱检测技术有限公司检测硒含量。

粪便菌群结构:试验结束时,从每重复收集粪样1份至2mL 灭菌管,干冰保存送检粪样中微生物菌群组成。

首先对粪样中的DNA 进行提取、PCR 扩增和纯化,然后构建MiSeq 文库并送至上海美吉有限公司测序。

质控后的序列按照97%相似性分别聚到1个操作分类单元(OTU )。

16S rRNA 测序分析使用QIIME 进行质量控制,质控后的序列,相似度为97%归到1个OTU 。

丰富度和α多样性分析包括Sobs 、Chao1、Shannon 和Simpson 指数分析,将有代表性的序列进行门、纲、目、科、属和种分类水平的系统归类。

1.3统计分析
试验数据采用SPSS 22.0进行单因素方差分析(One-way ANOV A ),以Duncan ’s 新复极差法进行多重比较。

原料组成Ingredient 玉米Corn
豆粕Soybean meal 棉粕Cotton meal 菜籽粕Rapeseed dreg 石粉Limestone
碳酸氢钙Calcium bicarbonate 食盐Salt
预混料Premix 合计Total
含量(%)Content
58.0021.004.005.009.201.500.301.00100.00
表1蛋鸡的基础日粮组成
Table 1Composition of the basal diet of laying hens
每千克预混料含:维生素A 60.00mg ,维生素D 330.00mg ,维生素E 225.00mg ,Fe 2000.00mg ,Mn 2300.00mg ,Zn 2000.00mg ,Cu 150.00mg ,I 18.00mg
Premix provided per kilogram of diet :Vitamin A 60.00mg ,Vitamin D 330.00mg ,Vitamin E 225.00mg ,Fe 2000.00mg ,Mn 2300.00mg ,Zn 2000.00mg ,Cu 150.00mg ,I 18.00mg
8期
·2485·
2结果与分析
2.1
丁酸梭菌与富硒酵母对蛋鸡生产性能的影响由表2可知,各试验组的产蛋率均较CK 有所提高,其中T1显著高于CK (P <0.05,下同);与CK 相比,T1的平均日采食量和料蛋比均显著降低,T2和T3的平均日采食量和料蛋比略有下降,但无显著差异(P >0.05,下同);T1和T3的死淘率较CK 有所下降,T2的死淘率与CK 相当。

此外,试验组的平均蛋重虽高于CK ,但差异不显著,说明平均蛋重不受丁酸梭菌和富硒酵母水平的影响。

从表2可看出,与CK 相比,各试验组鸡蛋的蛋白高度、哈氏单位和蛋形指数均无显著差异,但蛋黄颜色均显著加深,硒含量显著提高;T1和T2的蛋壳厚度和鸡蛋硒含量均显著增加,且均以T1的较高;蛋黄颜色以T1和T2最深(均为10.43)。

可见,在基础日粮中添加1.0g/kg 丁酸梭菌和
0.2mg/kg 富硒酵母对提高蛋鸡生产性能的效果
最佳。

2.2丁酸梭菌与富硒酵母对蛋鸡粪便菌群结构的影响
2.2.1高通量序列丰度及OTU 分析通过拼接、控制、剔除低质量序列和嵌合子,从蛋鸡12份粪便样品中共得到717842个优质序列,每份样品的有效序列数为18532~45428个。

以97%相似度OTU 作稀释曲线分析,结果(图1-A )显示,各样本的曲线均趋于平坦,说明测序数量与测序深度符合要求,因此测序所得序列能完全展示样品细菌群落的多样性。

为了更深入地了解样品中微生物多样性间的相关性,利用维恩图分析不同样品中微生物群落结构的相似性和重叠情况,结果(图1-B )显示,各组共有的OTU 数为350个,其中,CK 独有的OTU 数为250个,T1独有的OTU 数为15个,T2独有的OTU 数为19个,T3独有的OTU 数为24个。

项目Item 产蛋率(%)Laying rate 平均蛋重(g )Average egg weight 平均日采食量(g )Average daily feeding amount 料蛋比The ratio of feed to egg 死淘率(%)Mortality rate 蛋白高度(mm )Albumen height 哈氏单位Haugh unit 蛋壳厚度(mm )Eggshell thickness 蛋形指数Egg shape index 蛋黄颜色Egg yolk color 硒含量(mg/kg )Selenium content
生产性能Production performance CK
84.34±0.09b 55.75±0.23115.18±0.39a 2.07±0.02a 1.33±0.337.36±0.9784.10±5.870.35±0.02b 1.25±0.049.46±1.19c 0.01±0.00c
T185.63±0.17a 56.26±0.53113.12±0.52b 2.00±0.02b 0.67±0.337.46±0.8885.14±5.540.37±0.03a 1.24±0.0410.43±0.84a 0.23±0.02a T285.11±0.12ab 56.23±0.18114.18±0.54ab 2.03±0.02ab 1.33±0.337.50±1.0885.32±6.670.37±0.03a 1.24±0.0410.43±0.57a 0.21±0.14a
T3
84.94±0.04ab 55.80±0.67113.76±1.57ab 2.04±0.03ab 0.67±0.337.56±1.1185.60±6.700.36±0.03b 1.24±0.0410.08±0.50b 0.20±0.00b
表2丁酸梭菌与富硒酵母对蛋鸡生产性能的影响效果比较
Table 2Effects of C.butyricum and selenium-enriched yeast on production performance of laying hens
同行数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(P <0.05)。

表4同
Different lowercase letters in the same row represented significant difference (P <0.05).The same was applied in Table 4
图1蛋鸡粪便样本的稀疏曲线(A )和OTU 分析维恩图(B )Fig.1
Sparse curve (A )and Venn diagram of OTU analysis (B )of laying hens fecal samples
O T U 数O T U n u m b e r
600
550500450400350300250200150100500
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
测序数据量Sequence number
CK T1T2T3
CK
T1T2
T3
A
B
陈孟姣等:丁酸梭菌与富硒酵母对蛋鸡生产性能及粪便菌群结构的影响
54卷
南方农业学报·2486·
2.2.2α多样性指数分析由表3可知,4组粪便样本测序结果的覆盖度均在99.00%以上,显示测序结果具有良好的覆盖率和很高的可信度;与CK 相比,T1和T3的ACE 指数及T1的Chao1指数有所升高,T2的ACE 指数和Chao1指数及T3的Chao1指数有所降低,但差异均不显著,而T1、T2和T3的Simpson 指数降低,Shannon 指数升高,但差异不显著。

可见,在基础日粮中添加1.0g/kg 丁酸梭菌和0.2mg/kg 富硒酵母,饲喂蛋鸡,其粪便的菌群丰富度和多样性均较优。

2.2.3粪便样本菌群结构组成从表4和图2可看出,在门分类水平,CK 的优势菌群为厚壁菌门(Fir-micutes )、变形菌门(Proteobacteria )和拟杆菌门
(Bacteroidetes ),分别占门组成的74.02%、9.14%和
7.03%;试验组的优势菌群为厚壁菌门和变形菌门,其中,T1中变形菌门的占比显著高于CK ,而厚壁菌门的占比与CK 无显著差异,说明蛋鸡肠道粪便中的厚壁菌门不受丁酸梭菌和富硒酵母水平影响。

从表4和图3可看出,在属分类水平,各组的优势菌群均为乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus ),但其占比在组间差异不显著;T1和T2中梭形杆菌属(Lysiniba-cillus )的占比显著高于CK ,其他属组成的菌属与CK 均无显著差异,说明蛋鸡肠道粪便中除梭形杆菌属外其他菌属均不受丁酸梭菌和富硒酵母水平的影响。

项目Item
ACE 指数ACE index Chao1指数Chao1index Shannon 指数Shannon index Simpson 指数Simpson index 覆盖度(%)Coverage rate
CK
548.27±47.89534.82±30.232.90±0.540.11±0.0899.82±0.09
T1
559.99±79.90540.09±67.293.24±0.720.07±0.0399.73±0.04
T2
490.00±176.55468.19±142.253.60±0.370.07±0.0299.77±0.10
T3
592.53±124.00525.66±136.543.55±0.490.07±0.0499.73±0.04
表3丁酸梭菌与富硒酵母对蛋鸡粪便α多样性指数的影响
Table 3Effects of C.butyricum and selenium-enriched yeast on αdiversity indexes of laying hen fecal samples
表4丁酸梭菌与富硒酵母对蛋鸡粪便菌群结构的影响
Table 4Effects of C.butyricum and selenium-enriched yeast on flora structure of laying hen fecal samples
图2门分类水平下不同试验组蛋鸡粪便菌群组成比较Fig.2Composition of bacteria of laying hen fecal samples in
different experimental groups at the phylum level 图3属分类水平下不同试验组蛋鸡粪便菌群组成比较Fig.3Composition of bacteria of laying hen fecal samples in
different experimental groups at the genus level
项目Item 门分类水平Phylum level
属分类水平Genus level
厚壁菌门Firmicutes 变形菌门Proteobacteria 拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes 放线菌门Actinobacteriota 梭杆菌门Fusobacteriota
弯曲杆菌门Campilobacterota 互养菌门Synergistota 乳酸杆菌属Lactobacillus 不动杆菌属Acinetobacter 肠球菌属Enterococcus 梭形杆菌属Lysinibacillus
志贺氏埃希氏菌Escherichia -Shigella 罗姆布茨菌Romboutsia 拟杆菌属Bacteroides
占比(%)Proportion
CK 74.02±13.239.14±7.51b 7.03±6.781.69±1.060.15±0.04b 0.21±0.060.12±0.0943.31±29.542.15±1.686.61±5.211.18±1.50b 2.06±1.971.78±0.605.72±4.48
T154.76±13.2337.16±10.20a 6.15±2.711.81±1.410.01±0.01b 0.05±0.030.02±0.0124.99±18.3821.20±16.056.00±4.975.81±1.03a 0.10±0.083.32±1.631.09±0.41T269.36±17.1623.00±13.10ab 4.08±2.192.15±1.770.02±0.01b 0.06±0.020.04±0.0343.46±37.7117.90±11.709.69±8.035.39±1.47a 7.33±10.561.33±0.250.14±0.10
T3
67.25±4.1422.93±8.11ab 4.01±2.702.26±1.132.33±0.29a 0.95±0.570.10±0.0337.45±23.0414.81±6.589.37±7.264.42±1.98ab 0.4±0.363.89±0.940.28±0.20
组别Group
CK
T1
T2
T3
相对丰度(%)R e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e
100.00
50.00
0.00
相对丰度(%)R e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e
组别Group
CK
T1
T2
T3
100.00
50.00
0.00
8期·2487·
3讨论
营养、环境、管理和遗传等因素均会影响蛋鸡的生产性能。

丁酸梭菌和富硒酵母对蛋鸡产蛋率提高的作用机制不同,丁酸梭菌是一种革兰氏阳性芽孢杆菌,能维持畜禽肠道微生物平衡(Han et al.,2020;Fu et al.,2021),提高蛋鸡产蛋性能,改善蛋品质(王成森,2020;刘文峰等,2021)。

富硒酵母是一种含有高浓度硒元素的酵母菌,能促进鸡的发育,提高蛋鸡的生产性能(Lu et al.,2019)。

本研究中,添加丁酸梭菌和富硒酵母后,T1蛋鸡的产蛋率显著高于CK,平均日采食量和料蛋比显著降低,与王成森(2020)的研究结果一致,说明丁酸梭菌和富硒酵母可促进蛋鸡肠道菌群平衡,同时硒元素能维持蛋鸡生殖系统的正常发育和功能,进而提高饲料转化率,也与Zhan等(2019)研究获得日粮中添加丁酸梭菌能提高蛋鸡免疫功能、抗氧化能力及产蛋性能的结论相符。

检测蛋品质有助于生产者和养殖场改善饲养管理措施,提高生产效率和经济效益。

本研究中,各试验组鸡蛋的蛋白高度、哈式单位和蛋形指数均无显著差异,但T1和T2的蛋壳厚度显著高于CK,说明其鸡蛋品质较优,在运输和储存过程不容易损坏,销售效益较佳。

而蛋壳厚度增加可能与丁酸梭菌产生大量短链脂肪酸并降低pH有利于蛋鸡对钙和磷的吸收和利用有关(Zhang et al.,2011;Guo et al.,2016)。

已有研究表明,叶黄素是影响蛋黄颜色的主要因素,但叶黄素稳定性差和易氧化,必须从饲料中获取,富硒酵母能发挥抗氧化作用从而加深蛋黄颜色(In-vernizzi et al.,2013),同时,丁酸梭菌也能促进蛋黄颜色加深(Wang et al.,2020a)。

本研究中,各试验组鸡蛋的蛋黄颜色均显著深于CK,与Wang等(2020a)的研究结果一致;各试验组鸡蛋的硒含量均显著提高,其中T1鸡蛋的硒含量最高,更具市场优势(蔡娟等,2014)。

粪便菌群的丰富度和多样性是描述粪便中微生物群落组成和结构的2个重要指标,粪便菌群丰富度较高可维持肠道微生物群落的稳定性和健康状态,且不同菌种间可能存在相互作用和互补关系,从而有助于维持肠道菌群的生态平衡(Muhammad et al.,2021)。

本研究中,T1蛋鸡肠道菌群的丰富度和多样性均高于CK,说明在日粮中添加一定量的丁酸梭菌和富硒酵母对维持蛋鸡肠道菌群健康可发挥良好作用。

前人研究(Mikulski et al.,2012;Anas et al.,2013;Carolina et al.,2019)认为,通过添加益生菌或补充剂可增加宿主有益细菌的数量(Abdel-Wareth,2016;Liu et al.,2022a;Liu et al.,2022b),从而抑制有害细菌定植(Guo et al.,2004;Khalaji et al.,2011)。

本研究中,T1蛋鸡肠道变形菌门的占比显著高于CK,说明变形菌门中的有益菌如乳酸杆菌属和双歧杆菌属对肠道健康和免疫功能具有积极作用(Kang et al.,2022);T1和T2蛋鸡肠道中梭形杆菌属的占比显著高于CK,说明梭形杆菌对蛋鸡的肠道健康发挥了有益作用——梭形杆菌属中的一些菌株可通过发酵产生有益代谢产物如乳酸、丙酸和醋酸等,这些产物可提供能量和营养物质,促进蛋鸡肠道健康(Khan et al.,2020)。

总之,日粮中添加丁酸梭菌和富硒酵母可提高蛋鸡肠道有益菌的丰富度,有益菌分泌有益代谢物经肠道吸收后进入血液,进一步提高蛋鸡的抵抗力和抗氧化能力,促进个体健康,最终提高蛋鸡的生产性能。

4结论
在基础日粮中添加丁酸梭菌和富硒酵母能提高蛋鸡的部分生产性能,且有利于促进蛋鸡肠道优良菌群结构形成,以添加1.0g/kg丁酸梭菌和0.2mg/kg 富硒酵母的饲喂效果最佳。

参考文献:
蔡娟,卢建,施寿荣,童海兵,王强,常玲玲,沈曼曼,陈大伟.
2014.酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和蛋硒含量的影响[J].动物营养学报,26(12):3793-3798.
[Cai J,Lu J,Shi S R,Tong H B,Wang Q,Chang L L,Shen M M,Chen D W.2014.Effects of sodium selenite and selenium yeast on performance,egg quality and egg selenium content of laying hens[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,26(12):3793-3798.]doi:10.3969/j.issn.
1006-267x.2014.12.032.
何柳青,魏艳红,汪加明,常春茹,曲湘勇.2012.酵母硒对绿壳蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、抗氧化能力及蛋黄硒含量的影响[J].中国饲料,(11):26-29.[He L Q,Wei Y H,Wang J M,Chang C R,Qu X Y.2012.Effects of selenium yeast on laying performance,eggshell quality,antioxidant capacity and selenium content in eggs of green shell la-ying hens[J].China Feed,(11):26-29.]doi:10.3969/j.
issn.1004-3314.2012.11.010.
刘文峰,韩威,叶小其,杨海明.2021.饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌和丁酸钠对产蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,48(3):892-900.[Liu W F,Han W,Ye X Q,Yang H M.2021.Effect of dietary supplementation of Clostridium butyricum and sodium butyrate on poduction performance and egg quality of laying hens[J].China Ani-mal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,48(3):892-900.]doi:10.16431/ki.1671-7236.2021.03.013.
陈孟姣等:丁酸梭菌与富硒酵母对蛋鸡生产性能及粪便菌群结构的影响
54卷
南方农业学报·2488·
刘亚男,买尔哈巴·艾合买提,侯敏,詹发强,龙宣杞,崔卫东.
2022.丁酸梭菌复合菌剂对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响[J ].中国畜牧杂志,58(2):203-206.[Liu Y N ,Maier-haba A ,Hou M ,Zhan F Q ,Long X Q ,Cui W D.2022.Effects of dietary supplementation of Clostridium butyri-cum and sodium butyrate on production performance and egg quality of laying hens [J ].China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine ,58(2):203-206.]doi :10.19556/j.0258-7033.20210123-01.
王成森.2020.丁酸梭菌对蛋鸡生产性能,蛋品质及肠道菌群
的影响[J ].饲料研究,43(4):46-49.[Wang C S.2020.Effect of Clostridium butyricum on production perfor-mance ,egg quality and intestinal microflora of laying hens [J ].Feed Research ,43(4):46-49.]doi :10.13557/ki.issn1002-2813.2020.04.012.
薛梅.2022.高水平酵母硒和维生素E 对海兰褐蛋鸡生产性能
蛋品质及血清抗氧化指标的影响[J ].农业与技术,42(5):115-118.[Xue M.2022.Effects of high levels of yeast selenium and vitamin E on production performance ,egg quality and serum antioxidant indexes of Hailan brown layer hens [J ].Agriculture and Technology ,42(5):115-118.]doi :10.19754/j.nyyjs.20220315028.郑超,皮劲松,刘雄涛,陈芳,张昊,李婵,喻凌寒,陈衍学,魏
黛,章英,刘静波.2020.日粮添加丁酸梭菌及其复合菌剂对蛋鸡夏季生产性能的影响[J ].中国畜牧杂志,56(10):127-132.[Zheng C ,Pi J S ,Liu X T ,Chen F ,Zhang H ,Li C ,Yu L H ,Chen Y X ,Wei D ,Zhang Y ,Liu J B.2020.Effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum and its compound inoculants on production performance of laying hens in Summer [J ].Chinese Journal of Animal Science ,56(10):127-132.]doi :10.19556/j.0258-7033.20191028-04.
Abdel-Wareth A A A.2016.Effect of dietary supplementation
of thymol ,synbiotic and their combination on performance ,egg quality and serum metabolic profile of Hy-Line Brown hens [J ].British Poultry Science ,57(1):114-122.doi :10.1080/00071668.2015.1123219.Ahmed O A ,Abdulaziz A A ,Gamal M K M ,Mohamed I E S.
2022.Effect of organic selenium-enriched yeast on relie-ving the deterioration of layer performance ,immune func-tion ,and physiological indicators induced by heat stress [J ].Frontiers in Veterinary Science ,9:1-11.doi :10.3389/fvets.2022.880790.Anas A ,Abdur-Rahman A ,Gürbüz D.2013.Effects of die-tary Bacillus subtilis and inulin supplementation on per-formance ,eggshell quality ,intestinal morphology and mi-croflora composition of laying hens in the late phase of
production [J ].Animal Feed Science and Technology ,179:103-111.doi :10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.11.003.Carolina P Q ,Daniel B M ,Diego C M ,Roberto R ,Raquel A ,
Amélia C S ,Aser G R.2019.Microbial and functional profile of the ceca from laying hens affected by feeding prebiotics ,probiotics ,and synbiotics [J ].Microorganisms ,
7(5):123-137.doi :10.3390/microorganisms7050123.
Chantiratikul A ,Thongpitak P ,Arunsangseesod O ,Wangka-hart E ,Leamsamrong K ,Aengwanich W ,Liang J B ,Xin
W ,Chantiratikul P.2023.Effect of supplementation and withdrawal of selenium-enriched kale sprouts on produc-tivity and egg selenium concentration of laying hens [J ].Animal Bioscience ,36(3):484-491.doi :10.5713/ab.22.0067.Fu J ,Wang T H ,Xiao X ,Cheng Y Z ,Wang F Q ,Jin M L ,
Wang Y J ,Zong X.2021.Clostridium butyricum ZJU-F1benefits the intestinal barrier function and immune re-sponse associated with its modulation of gut microbiota in weaned piglets [J ].Cells ,10(3):527-543.doi :10.3390/cells10030527.Guo F C ,Williams B A ,Wakkel R P K ,Li H S ,Li X P ,Luo
J Y ,Li W K ,Verstegen M W A.2004.Effects of mush-room and herb polysaccharides ,as alternatives for an anti-biotic ,on the cecal microbial ecosystem in broiler chickens [J ].Poultry Science ,83(2):175-182.doi :10.1093/ps/83.2.175.Guo J R ,Dong X F ,Liu S ,Tong J M.2016.Effects of long-term Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.921supplementation on
performance ,egg quality ,and fecal and cecal microbiota of laying hens [J ].Poultry Science ,96(5):1280-1289.doi :10.3382/ps/pew389.Han Y ,Tang C ,Li Y ,Yu Y ,Zhan T ,Zhao Q ,Zhang J.2020.
Effects of dietary supplementation with C lostridium bu-tyricum on growth performance ,serum immunity ,intesti-nal morphology ,and microbiota as an antibiotic alterna-tive in weaned piglets [J ].Animals ,10(12):2287-2304.doi :10.3390/ani10122287.Invernizzi G ,Agazzi A ,Ferroni M ,Rebucci R ,Fanelli A ,Bal-di A ,Dell ’Orto V ,Savoini G.2013.Effects of inclusion
of selenium-enriched yeast in the diet of laying hens on performance ,eggshell quality ,and selenium tissue deposi-tion [J ].Italian Journal of Animal Science ,12(1):1-8.doi :10.4081/ijas.2013.e1.Kang R F ,Wang W H ,Liu Y F ,Huang S M ,Xu J W ,Zhao L
H ,Zhang J Y ,Ji C ,Wang Z ,Hu Y X ,Ma Q G.2022.Dietary selenium sources alleviate immune challenge in-duced by Salmonella Enteritidis potentially through im-proving the host immune response and gut microbiota in laying hens [J ].Frontiers in Immunology ,13:928865.doi :10.3389/fimmu.2022.928865.Khalaji S ,ZaghariM ,Hatami K H ,Hedari-Dastjerdi S ,Lotfi
L ,Nazarian H.2011.Black cumin seeds ,artemisia leaves (Artemisia sieberi ),and camellia L.plant extract as phy-togenic products in broiler diets and their effects on per-formance ,blood constituents ,immunity ,and cecal micro-bial population [J ].Poultry Science ,90(11):2500-2510.doi :10.3382/ps.2011-01393.Khan S ,Moore R J ,Stanley D ,Chousalkar K K.2020.The
gut microbiota of laying hens and its manipulation with
8期·2489·
prebiotics and probiotics to enhance gut health and food safety[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,86(13):e00600-e00620.doi:10.1128/AEM.00600-20.
Liu H,Lin Q,Liu X B,Huang P,Yang Z H,Cao M H,Liu M T,Li X Y,Zeng J G,He J H.2022a.Effects of dietary Bopu powder supplementation on serum antioxidant ca-pacity,egg quality,and intestinal microbiota of laying hens[J].Frontiers in Physiology,13:902784.doi:10.3389/ fphys.2022.902784.
Liu Z X,Cao Y T,Ai Y,Lin G,Yin X N,Wang L L,Wang M Y,Zhang B K,Wu K L,Guo Y M,Han H B.2023.
Effects of selenium yeast on egg quality,plasma antioxi-dants,selenium deposition and eggshell formation in aged laying hens[J].Animals,13(5):902-923.doi:10.3390/ ani13050902.
Liu Z X,Cao Y T,Ai Y,Yin X N,Wang L L,Wang M Y,Zhang B K,LianZ X,Wu K L,Guo Y M,Han H B.
2022b.Microbiome and ileum transcriptome revealed the boosting effects of selenium yeast on egg production in aged laying hens[J].Animal Nutrition,10(3):124-136.
doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2022.04.001.
Lu J,Qu L,Ma M,Li Y F,Wang X G,Yang Z,Wang K H.
2020.Efficacy evaluation of selenium-enriched yeast in laying hens:Effects on performance,egg quality,organ development,and selenium deposition[J].Poultry Science,99(11):6267-6277.doi:10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.041.
Lu J,Qu L,Shen M M,Wang X G,Guo J,Hu Y P,Dou T C,Wang K H.2019.Effects of high-dose selenium-enriched yeast on laying performance,egg quality,clinical blood parameters,organ development,and selenium deposition in laying hens[J].Poultry Science,98(6):2522-2530.doi:
10.3382/ps/pey597.
Mikulski D,Jankowski J,Naczmanski J,Mikulska M,Demey V.2012.Effects of dietary probiotic(Pediococcus acidi-lactici)supplementation on performance,nutrient digesti-bility,egg traits,egg yolk cholesterol,and fatty acid pro-file in laying hens[J].Poultry Science,91(10):2691-2700.
doi:10.3382/ps.2012-02370.
Muhammad A I,Mohamed D A,Chwen L T,Akit H,Samsu-din A A.2021.Effect of selenium sources on laying per-formance,egg quality characteristics,intestinal morpho-logy,microbial population and digesta volatile fatty acids in laying hens[J].Animals,11(6):1681-1704.doi:10.
3390/ani11061681.Obianwuna U E,Qiu K,Wang J,Zhang H J,Qi G H,Huang L L,Wu S G.2023.Effects of dietary Clostridium butyri-cum and fructooligosaccharides,alone or in combination,on performance,egg quality,amino acid digestibility,jeju-nal morphology,immune function,and antioxidant capacity of laying hens[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,14:1125897.
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1125897.
Wang W H,Kang R F,Liu M L,Wang Z,Zhao L H,Zhang J Y,Huang S M,Ma Q G.2022.Effects of different sele-nium sources on the laying performance,egg quality,antio-xidant,and immune responses of laying hens under nor-mal and cyclic high temperatures[J].Animals,12(8):1006.doi:10.3390/ani12081006.
Wang W W,Wang J,Zhang H J,Wu S T,Qi G H.2020a.Ef-fects of Clostridium butyricum on production perfor-mance and intestinal absorption function of laying hens in the late phase of production[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,264:114476.doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.
2020.114476.
Wang W W,Wang J,Zhang H J,Wu S G,Qi G H.2020b.
Supplemental Clostridium butyricum modulates lipid me-tabolism through shaping gut microbiota and bile acid profile of aged laying hens[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,11:600-612.doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00600.
Wang Y S,Wang Y L,Wang L L,Wei B,Lv X Y,Huang Y Q,Zhang H Y,Chen W.2023.Dietary supplementation with Clostridium butyricum and its ferment substance im-proves the egg quality and ovarian function in laying hens from50to58weeks of age[J].Animal Science Journal,94(1):e13877.doi:10.1111/asj.13877.
Zhan H Q,Dong X Y,Li L L,Zheng Y X,Gong Y J,Zou X T.2019.Effects of dietary supplementation with Clostri-dium butyricum on laying performance,egg quality,serum parameters,and cecal microflora of laying hens in the late phase of production[J].Poultry Science,98(2):896-903.
doi:10.3382/ps/pey436.
Zhang B K,Yang X,Guo Y M,Long F Y.2011.Effects of die-tary lipids and Clostridium butyricum on the performance and the digestive tract of broiler chickens[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,65(4):329-339.doi:10.1080/1745039x.
2011.568274.
(责任编辑思利华)
陈孟姣等:丁酸梭菌与富硒酵母对蛋鸡生产性能及粪便菌群结构的影响。

相关文档
最新文档