新概念一过去完成时

We had learned English 5 years by last year. had learned
5 years ago
last year
now
到六点钟为止他们已经工作八小时了。 By six o’clock they ______________(work) had worked for eight hours.
b. The football game had started late.
Daniel arrived out of breath – he had gone to the wrong cinema.
What happened first?
b. Daniel had gone to the wrong cinema.
2.某个动作从过去已经开始,一直持续到现在,还 有可能持续到将来.动作的持续性要通过一段时 间来表示.
一段时间的表达方法有两种: for: +一段时间 for a year Since for two weeks for three years since last week 过去的某一时刻, since nine
我从未看过如此令人兴奋 的比赛 I have never seen such an exciting match before! 他说他从未看过如此令人 兴奋的比赛。 He said that he had never seen such an exciting match before!
Amy had lost her purse and had to go to the police station.
What happened first?
b. Amy had gone to the police station.
过去完成时
过去完成时的概念与结构特点:
过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动 作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的 状态， 即“过去的过去（ past-in-thepast ）”。
by the time （= when） 到……时
我们赶到学校时，已经 上课了。
By the time ____________ we got to had school, the class ____ begun. already ________
当我到达火车站时，火车 已经开走了。 By the time I got ___ to the had station, the train ____ left . already _____
Summary
过去完成时与现在完成时二者 用法基本相同，但现在完成时 以现在时间为基点，过去完成 时则以过去的时间为基点，与 现在无关，即过去的过去。
1. cleaned the blackboard
2. closed the window
——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→
had cleaned the closed the window blackboard now
Before I met her, I had heard a lot about her. 过去 Before / When 过去 + 完成 ٫ 时态 / By the time +
时态
从句
主句
当他到学校时，他意识
到 他把作业忘在家里了。
When he ___ got to school, he realized that he _________ had left _______ his homework at home.
She had cleaned the blackboard before she closed the window. After she had cleaned the blackboard , she closed the window.
1. ate an apple 2. slept
——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→
had eaten an apple slept now
She had eaten an apple before she slept.
After she had eaten an apple , she slept.
1. did his homework 2. played ping pong
——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→
一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came since you got home. 注意:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间. He has been away since last week. He has been away for one week. 对划线部分提问都用 How long
What happened first?
Millie had left her magazine in the classroom.
Simon left school late because the football game had started late.
What happened first?
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
构成：助动词had + 动词的过去分 词（V.pp) 用法：
1. 过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某 一动作之前完成的动作或状态。在强调过 去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。
在强调过去某一个动作发生在另一个动作前常常用 过去完成时态。 1.他说他以前见过你。 He said that he ______________ had seen (see) you before. 2. 当我们到那儿时火车已经离开了。 The train __________ had left (leave) when we arrived there.
I have known him for three years. 我认识他三年了。 I had known him when I was a student. 我当学生时，就已经认识 他了。
他们已经吃过早饭了。 They have already had breakfast. 在他们到旅馆之前他们已 经吃过早饭了。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.
I have been here for 10 years
现在完成时
have/has+过去分词
1.现在完成时态表示过去发生的动作对现在 造成的影响或结果 Our teacher has left.
We have studied English.
I have already finished the homework. He has had his lunch. He has become a doctor.
构成？
现在完成时：
助动词have / has + 过去分词
过去完成时：
助动词had + 过去分词
写出下列动词的过去完成时形式
had been be _________________ had seen see_________________ had begun begin _______________ had sung sing_________________ had brought bring________________ had opened open________________
When I came to GZ , he _____________(be) had been there for a long time.
3.到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。
had lived By the middle of last month we ______________(live) in Beijing for five years.
past in the past
past
now
过去完成时的判断依据:
由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，先发生的动作用过去完 成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。 first When I got to the station, the train had already left. first
Do the exercises
had finished (finish) his work he went out. 1. After he ______________ had broken (break) 2. The children ran away after they ___________ the window. had gone (go) out. 3. I went to Tom’s house but he __________ had gone 4. Annie told me that his father ____________ ( go ) to would come ( come ) back in a few days. Paris and he ____________ 5. My friend __________ bought (buy) the car two years ago. He ________________ (buy) it for two years. has had
过去完成时与 by then(截止到那时); by 9 o’clock(直到 九点钟) by the end of …(在…结束/末之前); by the time…(在…时之前); up till then (直到那时); up until last night(直到昨晚）等连用，表示过去的过 去。 1. 到昨晚上，他已写完那封信。 By yesterday evening he ___________ had written (write) that letter.
had done his homework played ping pong now
He had done his homework before he played ping pong.
After he had done his homework , he played Ping pong.
Millie ran back to school because she had left her magazine in the classroom.
到上学期末，我们共学
1500 个单词。
By the end ___ of last ___ term we ___ had______1,500 learnt words
用法：
3. 过去完成时和 already, just, ever, yet 等连用表示过去的过去。
例如：1. 他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。 He told me that his team _________ had already won ___________ (win). 2. 她说她仍没去过长城。 She said that she _______________(not hadn’t been to go to) the Great Wall yet.
用法：
2. 过去完成时词可以表示过去某一 时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态， 这一动作一直持续 或将继续下去。
1. 到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。
By six o’clock they ____________ had worked (work)for eight hours.
2. 我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。
我已经做完作业了。 I have finished my homework.
表示在说话时已经做完。
在六点以前，我就已经完 成作业了。 By six o’clock, I had finished my homework. 表示在过去的某一段时间 （six o’clock 以前）已经做 完作业，与现在无关。
用法：
过去完成时与when, before, as soon as, till/ until 等引导时间状语的从句连用， 强调动作发生的时间前后。
例如：1. 她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了。 When she got home her children ____________(sleep). had slept 2. 在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。 Before they arrived here the film _________ had already started ___________ (start). 3. 我完成作业了就去睡觉了。 had finished Last night, as soon as I _______________ my work I went to sleep. (finish)