最新文档2019年高考英语阅读理解专题-推理判断题含答案

2019高考英语阅读理解-推理判断题（含解析）
一、阅读理解
1.根据短文理解，选择正确答案。

Here are six steps to better studying.
Pay attention in class
Do you have trouble paying attention in class? Are you sitting next to a loud person? Tell your teacher or parents about any problem that is preventing you from paying attention.
Take good notes
Write down facts that your teacher mentions or writes on the board. Try to use good handwriting so you can read your notes later. It's a good idea to keep your notes organized by subject.
Plan ahead for tests and projects
Waiting until Thursday night to study for Friday's test will make it hard to do your best. One of the best ways to make sure that doesn't happen is to plan ahead. Write down your test dates. You can then plan how much to do after school each day, and how much time to spend on each topic. Break it up
When there's a lot to study, it can help to break things into several parts. Let's say you have a spelling test on 20 words. Instead of thinking about all of the words at once, try breaking them down into five-word groups and work on one or two different groups each night.
Ask for help
You can't study effectively if you don't understand the material. Be sure to ask your teacher for help. If you're at home when the confusion occurs, your mom or dad might be able to help.
Sleep tight
So the test is tomorrow and you've followed your study plan—but suddenly you can't remember anything! Don't panic. Your brain needs time to digest all the information you've given it. Try to get a good night's sleep and you'll be surprised by what comes back to you in the morning.
（1）We know from the passage that a loud person is ________.
A. a student who always answers questions loudly in class
B. someone who likes to talk with others in a loud voice
C. a student who likes speaking with others in class
D. a person who makes a lot of noise in public places
（2）If you don't understand what you have learnt, you can ________.
A. read your notes over and over again
B. turn to people around you for help
C. put aside the material for later review
D. ask your teacher to explain it the next day （3）By saying “Sleep tight”, what does the author mean?
A. Sleep again after waking up.
B. Sleep holding your breath deep.
C. Get a good night's sleep.
D. Go to sleep early every night.
2.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸
上将该选项标号涂黑。

B
Have you ever wondered why the roots of the plants always know which way to grow—into the soil but not above it? Some British scientists have recently solved this mystery.
It turns out that roots have special hairs that tie them into the soil and help them grow their way past obstacles, a team at the John Inners Center in Norwich reports in the February 29 issue of Journal Science.
"The key is in the fuzzy(有绒毛的) coat of hairs on the roots of plants," says professor Liam Dolan. "We have found a growth control system that enables these hairs to find their way and to become longer when their path is clear."
Root hairs explore the soil in much the same way a person would feel their way in the dark. If they come across an obstacle, they make their way around until they can continue growing in an opening. I the meantime, the plant is held in place as the hairs grip the soil.
The hairs are guided by a clever chemical trick. A protein(蛋白质) at the tip of the root hairs called RHD2 helps them to take calcium(钙) from the soil. Calcium makes the hairs grow, and produce more RHD2, and take more calcium.
But when an obstacle blocks the hair's path, or the hair reaches the surface of the soil, the cycle is broken and growth starts in another direction.
This system gives plants the flexibility to explore a complex environment and to live in even
the most unpromising soils, says Dolan.
In poor soils such as in parts of Australia and Africa, native plants have adapted by producing enormous numbers of root hairs. A better understanding of this adaptation will allow scientists to develop hairy rooted crops that can grow in unfriendly environments.
According to Dolan, "Research in the John Inners Center is taking a breeding approach(育种方法) to increase hair length in wheat but it will be some time before new cultivars(栽培变种) are developed."
（1）The passage mainly tells us _______.
A. how the hairs of the roots of plants grow into the soil but not above it
B. how the roots
of plants grow into the soil but not above it
C. how the roots are covered with hairs
D. how scientists control the growth of plants （2）What is the most important thing that enables the roots find their way?
A. The hair on the roots.
B. The soil around the roots.
C. The tips of the roots.
D. The shape of the roots.
（3）What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?
A. Crops with short hairs can grow better in the unfriendly environment.
B. The longer the hairs, the better the plants can grow in the environment.
C. Scientists have successfully increased the hair length in the crop wheat.
D. In whatever environment, the roots of plants know which way to grow.
3.阅读理解
It was a hot day, and my brother Walt and I had decided that the only way to survive it would
be to go swimming in a deep swimming hole across Mr. Blickez's Pasture（牧场）and through
some woods.
The only problem with our plan was that this pasture was guarded by a huge, mean Hereford
bull（公牛）. Mr. Blickez had told us that Elsie was the meanest bull in the town, maybe even in
the county, and we believed him. But the hotter it got, the more we thought there was
something fishy about his words. For one thing, we remembered Mr. Blickez liked telling tall tales;
for another, Elsie seemed like a strange name for a bull.
Finally, I talked Mom into asking permission for us to walk through the pasture, but then
another problem surfaced. Mom said she would talk to Mr. Blickez if we would take our cousin
Joanie along with us. Joanie was almost two years older than me and a head taller. If her teasing
ever got around my grade school, it would be all over for me. In fact, I still had a headache from a
quarrel with her that morning. “I'm not going swimming with that silly girl cousin,” I told
（语气）. I gave “Either Joanie goes with, or you stay home alone,” Mom said in her serious tone
in and we set out. On your way across the pasture, Walt yelled suddenly. Elsie had approached
him quietly and was licking（舔）his back. Joanie and I dove under the wire fence, but while I was
on the ground I looked up and saw that Elsie wasn't a big mean bull after all. She was going to
keep licking my brother's back as long as he stood still.
We had many good days growing up and visiting our secret swimming hole guarded by the
so-called “big mean bull”. And as it turned out, for a girl cousin, Joanie hasn't been too bad. She's
been one of my best friends over the years.
（1）What's the meaning of the underlined word “fishy” in Paragraph 2?
A. Funny.
B. Interesting.
C. Doubtful.
D. Believable.
（2）What's the second problem the author had to face?
A. His mother failed to ask permission for him.
B. His mother insisted on his cousin going
with him.
C. He quarreled with his cousin and had a headache.
D. His cousin made jokes on him in his
grade school.
（3）We can learn from the passage that Elsie .
A. was his owner's favorite bull
B. was aggressive because of her nature
C. disliked to play with little children
D. was actually friendly to people
（4）What's the passage mainly about?
A. The bull guarding Mr. Blickez's farm.
B. The story of visiting the swimming hole.
D. How the author changed his attitude
C. How friendly the so-called “big mean bull” was.
to Joanie.
4.阅读理解
Recently actor Adrien Grenier has launched(发动)a campaign to reduce the amount of
single-use plastic usage in order to protect and save marine (海洋的)wildlife and the
environment. Plastic drinking straws are among many single-use plastic products contributing to
the great loss of marine life, but they're a great place to start because they're something that are
used by millions of Americans who are unaware that they're so damaging.
Americans use more than 500 million straws daily, which is enough to fill 127 school buses
each day and they can't be recycled. That means plastic straws might end up in oceans, where
fish and other marine wildlife mistake the small bits for food and swallow them. After seeing a
photo of a beached whale with a belly full of plastic, Grenier felt the inspiration to launch the
Lonely Whale Foundation, hoping to inspire and educate others on the challenges faced by
marine wildlife.
Along with stopping the use of straws, Grenier hopes to educate consumer on the dangers of
other single-use plastic items such as grocery bags and water bottles. While many Americans use
these plastic products in their daily life, there are many alternatives that can help protect the
environment such as straws made from stainless steel, glass, and even bamboo instead of plastic.
In addition to quitting your straw habit, you can further help the environment by taking the I
Choose to Reuse commitment, and stop your use of single-use coffee cups, checkout bags and
bottled water. Instead, take advantage of any number of alternative reusable products.
Need another reason to stop drinking from straws? Grenier also says using straws can cause
wrinkles!
（1）Protecting marine wildlife can start with stopping using plastic drinking straws because
A. they are marine wildlife's favorite food
B. they are the most harmful plastic products
C. they are the plastic products people use most
D. they are widely used but their harm isn't fully realized
（2）What made Grenier think of the idea to launch the Lonely Whale Foundation?
A. A photo of piles of plastic waste.
B. The sight of 127 school buses of straws.
C. The fuel that many whales beach on the shore.
D. A picture of beached whale with a belly full of plastic
（3）What will Grenier encourage people to do in their daily life?
A. Avoid drinking from bottles.
B. Use cloth bags when shopping.
C. Purchase single-use coffee cups.
D. Use plastic straws to drink repeatedly.
（4）Which word can best describe Adrien Grenier?
A. Adventurous.
B. Humorous.
C. Responsible.
D. Friendly.
5.阅读理解
French writer Frantz Fanon once said: “To speak a language is to take on a world, a culture. Since the world changes every day, so does our language.
More than 300 new words and phrases have recently made it into the online Oxford
Dictionary, and in one way or another they are all reflections of today's changing world.
After a year that was politically unstable, it's not hard to understand the fact that people's
political views are one of the main drives of our expanding vocabulary. One example is
people who “clicktivism”, a compound of “click” and “activism”. It refers to “armchair activists support a political or social cause, but only show their support from behind a computer or
that means to alienate (使疏远) people who are
smartphone. And “otherize” is a verb for “other”
different from ourselves — whether that be different skin color, religious belief or sexuality.
a compound of fit and
Lifestyle is also changing our language. For example, “fitspiration”—
inspiration — refers to a person or thing that encourages one to exercise and stay fit and healthy.
someone who is forced to leave their home due to climate The phrase “climate refugee”—
change — reflects people's concern for the environment.
According to Stevenson, social media was the main source for the new expressions. “People feel much freer to coin their own words these days,” he said.
But still, not all newly-invented words get the chance to make their way into a mainstream (主
流的) dictionary. If you want to create your own hit words, Angus Stevenson, Oxford Dictionaries
head of content development, suggests that you should not only make sure that they are
expressive (有表现力的) and meaningful, but also have an attractive sound so that people will
enjoy saying them out loud.
（1）What is the article mainly about?
A. Some new word that got included into the online Oxford Dictionary.
B. The application
of new words and phrases.
C. How a language mirrors the changing world.
D. The impact of social media on our
language.
-to-last paragraph probably means ________.
（2）The underlined word “coin” in the second
A. use
B. record
C. change
D. create
（3）How is the article mainly developed?
A. By giving examples.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By following a timeline.
D. By presenting research findings.
（4）According to Stevenson, to make the words you invent popular, they should ________.
A. be easy to remember
B. have unique meanings
C. reflect the changing world
D. be meaningful, expressive and catchy
6.阅读理解
You carry a 1.3 kg mass of fatty material in your head that controls everything you will ever do.
This fantastic control center lets you think, learn, create, and feel emotions. It also controls
everything your body does. What is this amazing machine? It's your brain — a structure so
amazing that the famous scientist James Watson called it ＂the most complex thing we have yet
discovered in our universe＂.
Imagine your kitten jumped onto the kitchen counter, and was about to step onto a hot stove.
You would have only seconds to act. In situations like this, your brain reads the signals from your
eyes and quickly calculates when, where and at what speed you need to run to save her. Then it
tells your muscles to move. No computer can match your brain's great ability to download,
process, and react to the flood of information from your eyes, ears and other sensory organs.
If a bee lands on your foot, sensory neurons(神经元) in your skin send this information to your brain at a speed of more than 240 kilometers per hour. Your brain then uses motor neurons to send a message back to your foot: Shake the bee off quickly! Motor neurons can send this information at more than 320 kilometers per hour!
Your brain contains about 100 billion tiny cells: neurons — it would take you more than 3,000 years if you tried to count them all. Whenever you dream, laugh, think, see or move, tiny
chemical and electrical signals are racing between these neurons along billions of tiny neuron pathways. Believe it or not, the activity in your brain never stops. Countless messages fly around inside it every second, like a super-fast game of table tennis. Your neurons create and send more messages than all the phones in the entire world. And although a single neuron generates only a tiny amount of electricity, all your neurons together can generate enough electricity to power a
light bulb.
（1）By ＂the most complex thing＂, James Watson means __________.
A. a supercomputer
B. the universe
C. human brains
D. our emotions （2）Which of the following statements is true according to the 2nd and 3rd paragraph?
A. Brains can download more information than any computer.
B. The kitten plays an important role in testing human brain power.
C. Motor neurons in human brains serve to send countless messages.
D. Your brains can use neurons to send messages back faster than bees'.
（3）The author mentions ＂to power light bulbs＂(Para. 4) to show __________.
A. neurons can send lots of messages
B. how many active tiny cells brains contain
C. how much electricity brains can generate
D. there is countless information in the brain （4）What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Powerful brain is a wonderful machine.
B. Brains work well in controlling body movements.
C. Brain is the most complex structure in the universe.
D. Human brains are composed of numerous neurons.
7.阅读理解
“We haven't found anything that we can't recycle!”
Cigarette ends are everywhere—littering our streets and beaches—and for decades they've
mpany, called TerraCycle, has taken been thought of as“unrecyclable”. But a New Jerseybased co
on the challenge, and has come up with a way to recycle millions of cigarette ends and turn them into industrial plastic products. Its aim is to recycle things that people normally consider impossible to reuse.
Obviously it would be even better for the environment if everyone just stopped smoking, but
the statistics show that although there has been an increase in anti-smoking ads and messaging, between 2000 and 2014, global sales of cigarettes increased by 8 percent, and a whole lot of those cigarette ends are ending up as trash. Since most of our litter eventually ends up in
waterways, cigarette ends can surely pollute the surrounding environment. “It only takes a sing cigarette end to pollute a liter of water, ” TerraCycle founder, Tom Szaky, said. “Anima mistake littered cigarette ends for food.”
So how do you go about turning all those poisonous ends into something useful? TerraCycle
does this by first breaking them down into separate parts. They mix the remaining materials, such
as the tobacco and the paper, with other kinds of rubbish; and use it on non-agricultural land,
such as golf courses. The filters (过滤嘴) are a little harder. To recycle these, TerraCycle first
makes them clean and cuts them into small pieces, and then combines them with other recycled
materials, making them into liquid for industrial plastic products.
They're now also expanding their recycling offerings to the rest of the 80 percent of household
waste that currently can't be recycled, such as chocolate packaging, pens, and mobile phones.
The goal is to use the latest research to find a way to stop so much waste ending up in landfill (垃
圾填埋), and then get companies to provide money for the process. And so far, it's working.
“We haven't found anything that we can't recycle,”communications director of Terra Cycle,
Albe Zakes, said. “But with the amount and variety of packaging and litter in the world, we are
always looking for new waste streams to address.”　
（1）What does Terra Cycle intend to do?
A. To search for recyclable materials for use.
B. To recycle what used to be considered
unrecyclable.
C. To produce new kinds of industrial plastic products.
D. To deal with as many cigarette
ends as possible.
（2）The underlined word “trash” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.
A. poison
B. rubbish
C. disaster
D. ruin
（3）What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A. The effective use of cigarette ends.
B. The reason for breaking down cigarette ends.
C. The difficulty in recycling cigarette ends.
D. The process of recycling cigarette ends.
（4）What Albe said in the last paragraph implies that ________.
A. TerraCycle is trying to meet the challenge of new waste
B. it is difficult for TerraCycle to
recycle everything
C. there is more and more waste to be recycled
D. TerraCycle has successfully recycled a
large amount of waste
8.阅读理解
LUKLA, Nepal(Xinhua) – Qomolangma, known as Mount Everest in the West, once negatively
（搬运工）
recognized as the “world's highest junkyard”, is set to become cleaner as 30,000 porters
have been mobilized（动员）for waste collection and disposal from the mountain's southern side.
The cleanup drive was launched recently near Lukla airport, one of the world's most dangerous
airports yet a vital gateway to the world's highest peak.
“Our major task is to keep Everest, which is the pride of the world, clea n. This campaign aims
to transport 100 tons of nonburnable garbage from the Everest region to Kathmandu in
2018,”
Ang Dorje Sherpa, chairman of the Sagarmatha Pollution Control Committee said.
The SPCC, an environmental conversation organization, has made it mandatory（强制性）since
2013 that every climber should carry down 8 kilograms of trash, but for trekkers（旅行者）there is
no such regulation. Due to this, more than 100 tons of waste gets collected in the region annually.
According to Nepalese government statistics, nearly 50,000 domestic and foreign trekkers visit
the Qomolangma region annually, while more than 400 mountaineers attempt to scale the peak.
The collected waste mostly includes empty beer bottles and cans, oxygen bottles, torn tents and
sleeping bags, food bins, and discarded mountaineering and trekking equipment. The trash was
collected by local groups in more than a dozen villages while the waste was transported down the
mountain in sacks（麻布袋）by porters and yak-hybrid animals as zopkyos. The cleanup covered
settlements from up to 5,000 meters near the base camp, to Lukla airport located at an altitude
of 2,805 meters.
On the first day of the campaign, several tons of waste was sent off to Kathmando from Lulka
on planes belonging to Tara Airlines, one of the leading private airlines in Nepal. The airlines have
set an ambitious target of flying out 100 tons of waste from the region in 2018, as a part of its
commitment to the UN Sustainable Development Goals against climate change. The company's
ntain
CEO Umesh Chandra Rai said: “We hope that this campaign will help the local people to mai
a pristine（原始的）, natural and unspoiled environment so that more trekkers will come from
everywhere, making the trekking industry here more sustainable.”　
（1）What's the first paragraph mainly about?
A. The basic situation of Mount Everest.
B. The introduction of the clean-up campaign.
C. The unique way to prevent environment pollution.
D. The description of the most
dangerous airport in the word.
（2）What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The rule for visitors made by the local travel agencies.
B. The clean-up campaign
launched by Ang Dorje Sherpa.
C. The demand for the climbers made by the SPCC since 2013.
D. The law for the local
people made by the Nepalese government.
（3）How does the author indicate that the clean-up campaign is very tough?
A. By listing figures.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By giving some examples.
D. By analyzing some causes.
（4）What's Umesh Chandra Rai's attitude towards the clean-up campaign?
A. Doubtful.
B. Curious.
C. Enthusiastic.
D. Unfavorable.
9.阅读理解
Stained glass (彩色玻璃) artists create different designs by making cuts on the glass to “score it and then breaking off the pattern that they want to use in the finished product. The most
difficult cut in stained glass is called an inside cut. Basically, it's a curved (弯曲的) line where you
throw away the part inside of the curve. The problem with inside cuts is that the edges of the
curve tend to break off when the pieces of scored glass are broken apart.
As the artist talked about inside cuts, he said, “The glass will break into p
ieces if you try to cut
too much off at once. The best way to do an inside cut is to slice off smaller curves piece-by-piece.
In fact, it's not just the best way to do it, but it's the only way to do it.”
How many times do you try to make a big change and cut the entire piece at once? We
convince ourselves that we can do this all the time. We'll commit to transforming our diet
overnight or we get inspired to launch a business in a weekend or we finally get motivated to
work out and push ourselves to the edge of burning out.
Why not approach your goals and dreams like a stained glass artist? Starting by slicing a
shallow curve and breaking a small piece off, you cut a slightly deeper curve and break that off
until you have your full inside cut. By slowly cutting deeper and deeper curves, you prevent the
glass from breaking as it changes shape.
Of course, change isn't easy — no matter how you do it. Slow gains are boring, but if we keep
making small improvements, then pretty soon we will end up with a beautiful masterpiece on our
hands instead of a bunch of broken pieces.
（1）Why is an inside cut believed to be most difficult?
A. It needs a one-and-only design.
B. It calls for nothing but inspiration.
C. The edges of the curve break easily.
D. The glass inside the curve is easily broken.
（2）What mistakes are easily made according to paragraph 3?
A. Being too eager to make improvements.
B. Being too worried about the final outcome.
C. Trying to make a complete change all at once.
D. Trying to focus on progress instead of achievements.
？
（3）What does the author suggest by saying “slicing a shallow curve”
A. Moving forward with a clear aim.
B. Starting slow and improving little by little.
C. Developing a new habit with great determination.
D. Handling something major first and
ignore the minor part.
（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A. To show his love of stained glass.
B. To introduce the skill of an inside cut.
C. To appreciate designs of stained glass artists.
D. To share his opinions on how to make a change.
10.阅读理解
It may not come as a surprise but the world as a whole is getting richer. Some people have
more disposable income to spend on luxuries such as holidays, cars, TVs and smartphones.
Recent data has shown that the number of people living in extreme poverty has halved in recent decades. So should we celebrate the fact that more of us now have a better standard of living?
Maybe not. While the gap between rich and poor in some countries is narrowing, there is still
a lot of inequality in other places-some people have a lot of money and opportunities and others
don't. A recent report by Oxfam and Credit Suisse revealed how divided many of us are when it
comes to wealth. A lot of the money in the world is in the hands of very few people. In fact, 48%
of global wealth is owned by the richest 1% of the population.
But some countries are attempting to reduce this inequality and make the poor less poor.
According to David Bryer from Oxfam, Brazil has been taking “some really sensible
measures-measures around having more progressive tax, around investing in a higher minimum
提高最低工资标
wage and investing in central public services.” Having a higher minimum wage(
准), can help people eat better and seek a better education. And more people with more money
buy more things-and factories can produce more. In turn, a factory which produces more will
need more workers. So, more jobs are created.
Other wealthy individuals are doing their bit to help reduce inequality. Bill Gates, the founder
of Microsoft, earned a lot of money from his company but when he retired, he and his wife
Melinda, created a foundation to help the poor. He thinks that rich people should, of course, pay
their taxes but he also advises that they should all “look at taking their wealth and being philanthropic, both in their own country and to help the global poorest.”
-rich Bill Gates feels that giving money to help poor people is “fulfilling”. But if other super people don't want to experience this fulfilment then, according to Oxfam, very soon the
wealthiest 1% will soon own more money than the rest of the world's population. Do you think
that is fair?
（1）According to a recent report by Oxfam and Credit Suisse, .
A. the gap between the rich and poor is widening gradually
B. increased wealth helps people to reduce the inequality
C. people should be happy about the world's getting richer
D. a small number of people possess the major world wealth
（2）What's the author's attitude towards Brazil's measures?
A. Cautious
B. Approving
C. Doubtful
D. Critical
（3）What is the meaning of the underlined word “philanthropic” in Paragraph 4?
A. Broadminded
B. Responsible
C. Realistic
D. Merciful
（4）The author develops the article mainly by .
A. comparing opinions from different fields
B. listing detailed numbers and analyzing them
C. presenting research findings and giving some examples
D. presenting a trend and analyzing its cause and effect。