国家公共英语(四级)笔试模拟试卷168(题后含答案及解析)

国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷168(题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. Use of English 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Writing
Section I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are THREE parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfe PART ADirections: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.
听力原文：W = Reporter M = JimW: Hello Jim. I’m from your local newspaper the Daily Post and I’d like to ask you some questions about the London marathon race that you’ve just finished.M: That’s right. What would you like to know?W: Firstly, for the benefit of our readers, exactly how long is the marathon?M: It’s 26 miles 385 yards, or if you’d like it in metric it’s 42, 195 kilometers.W: Thanks. Now how many runners were there altogether?M: More than ever this year... there were 16, 417.W: My goodness, that’s a lot! What position did you finish in the race, Jim?M: Well, I’m quite pleased with my performance. I came 2, 014th.W: That’s better than last year, isn’t it?M; Yes, I finished 3, 470th then—but it was my first effort.W: By the way, what time did the race start today?M: 9 o’clock. And the winner finished at 11: 30.W: So he took two and a half hours. That’s excellent. How long did you take?M: Three and three quarter hours—but I know I can do better. Did you know that the record is 2 hours 10 minutes?W: I didn’t know. That’s fantastic! Do you know how long the slowest runner took?M: No. .. he hasn’t finished yet!
1．
正确答案：42, 195
2．
正确答案：16, 417
3．
正确答案：2, 014th
正确答案：3, 470th
5．
正确答案：2011-4-15
PART BDirections: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below.
听力原文：Marriage is still a popular social practice in America, but divorce is becoming almost as “popular”. Most Americans get married, but at the same time, fifty percent of their marriages end up in divorce. However, four out of five divorced people do not stay single. They get married for the second time to new partners. Sociologists tell us that in the 21st century, most American people will marry three or four times in one lifetime. Alvin Toffler, ar American sociologist, calls this new social form social marriages. In his boot Future Shock, Toffler gives many reasons for this change in American marriage. In modern society, people’s lives don’t stay the same for very long. Americans frequently change their jobs, their homes, and their circle of friends. So the person who was a good husband or wife ten years ago is sometimes not as good ten years later. After being married for some years, a husband or wife can feel that their lives have become very different, and they don’t have the same interests any more. Because of this, Toffler says, people in the 21st century will not plan to marry only one person for an entire life time. They will plan to stay married to one person for perhaps five or ten years, and then marry another. Most Americans will expect to have a “ marriage career” that includes three or four marriages.
6．
正确答案：fifty percent/50%/50 percent
7．
正确答案：in one lifetime
8．
正确答案：Future Shock
9．
正确答案：eighty percent/80%/80 percent
正确答案：difference in interests
PART CDirections: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.
听力原文：M: Good evening, madam. I know that you have been robbed. W: Yes, I have. M: When did this happen? W: About two hours ago. M: Why didn’t you report it before? W: I couldn’t. I was bound and gagged. M: Would you like to tell me what happened? W: Yes. I was sitting in this room watching television when someone knocked at the door. Without thinking, I opened it. M: That wasn’t very wise, madam.W: I know. I was expecting my husband, you see, and I thought it was him. M: You should never open a door without looking to see who it is. W: Yes, I know. I regret it very much. M: What happened ? W: Two men pushed me into the flat. One of them threatened me with a knife while the other bound and gagged me. M: Did you get a good look at them?W: I’m afraid not. They were both wearing stockings over their faces. M: What did they take? W: My wallet, which has $ 200 in it, my wristwatch, some of my jewelry from our bedroom, and a silver photo frame. M: They don’t seem to have done much damage to the flat. W: No. They had just begun to search when the dogs next door began to bark. They ran off quickly leaving me bound and gagged. It was some time before my husband returned and released me. I phoned the police at once. M: The policemen began searching the area as soon as we received your call. I can’t promise you that we’ll recover your property but we’ll certainly do our best.
11．Why did the woman open the door when someone knocked at it?
A．Because she knew the two men.
B．Because she thought it was her husband.
C．Because she was waiting for them.
D．Because she was afraid of them.
正确答案：B
12．Which of the following is NOT among the things taken by the robbers?
A．A camera.
B．A wallet with $ 200 in it.
C．A watch.
D．Some jewelry.
正确答案：A
13．Why didn’t the woman report soon after the robbers ran off?
A．Because she fainted.
B．Because she was too scared.
C．Because her husband didn’t allow her to.
D．Because she was bound and gagged.
正确答案：D
听力原文：Television in America gives people the choice of many different programs on many different channels. However, many people today are criticizing the quality of the programs. According to these critics, there are too many programs that only entertain; there are not enough interesting programs that give information about the world around us. Perhaps the lack of serious programs is the fault of the commercial television system, not the fault of the people who own or who control the television stations. Television in America depends on money of people who advertise their products on television. Therefore, television stations need to attract advertisers. The programs which attract advertisers are, of course, the programs which have large audiences. And the programs which attract large audiences are usually programs with lots of entertainment and action. Programs about serious subjects, for instance , medicine, science, or history, are not very popular, so advertisers do not buy commercial time during programs like these. The commercial system, therefore, has a great influence on the kind of programs that television stations decide to show.
14．Why do many people criticize TV programs in the U. S. ?
A．There are not enough programs to entertain.
B．There are not enough programs to show the life of ordinary people.
C．There are too many programs to educate.
D．There are not enough serious programs.
正确答案：D
15．According to the speaker, who should be responsible for the lack of serious programs on TV?
A．Businessman.
B．TV set owner.
C．TV station owner.
D．The commercial TV system.
正确答案：D
16．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a kind of serious programs?
A．Programs of science.
B．Programs of medicine.
C．Programs of art.
D．Programs of history.
正确答案：C
听力原文：Jane Brown, has been married for 12 years, she has three children and lives in a suburb outside Columbus, Ohio. When her youngest child reached school age, Jane decided to go back to work. She felt that she should contribute to the household finances. Her salary could make the difference between the financial struggle and a secure financial situation for her family. Jane also felt bored and frustrated in her role as a home maker and wanted to be more involved in life outside her home. Jane was worried about the children’ s adjustment to the new situation, but she arranged for them to go to stay with a woman nearby after school each afternoon. They seemed to be happy with the arrangement. The problem seemed to be between Jane and her husband Bill. When Jane was at home all day, she was able to clean the house, go grocery shopping, wash the clothes, take care of the children and cook the two or three meals each day. She was very busy, of course, but she succeeded in getting everything done. Now these same things need to be done, but Jane has only evenings and early mornings to do them. Both Jane and Bill are tired when they arrived at home at six p. m.. Bill is accustomed to sitting down and reading the paper or watching TV until the dinner is ready. This is exactly what Jane feels like doing, but someone has to fix the dinner, and Bill expects it to be Jane. Jane is becoming very angry at Bill’ s attitude. She feels that they should share the household jobs. But Bill feels that everything should be the same as it was before she went back to work.
17．Why did Jane want to go back to work?
A．Because she was bored with her husband.
B．Because she would like to help with the family’ s finances.
C．Because she was offered a good job.
D．Because she was bored with her children.
正确答案：B
18．How did Jane spend her days before she went back to work?
A．Watching TV.
B．Taking good care of her husband.
C．Doing housework.
D．Reading newspaper.
正确答案：C
19．Between whom did the problem arise when Jane went back to work?
A．Jane and the children.
B．Jane and Bill.
C．Bill and the children.
D．Jane and the neighbour.
正确答案：B
20．What does the story try to tell us?
A．Parents should take good care of their children.
B．Man and wife should share household duties.
C．Women should never have their own careers.
D．Women should do all the housework.
正确答案：B
Section II Use of English (15 minutes)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much has happened【21】. As was discussed before , it was not【22】the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic【23】, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the【24】of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution【25】up, beginning with transport, the railways and leading【26】through the telegraph, the telephone, radio and motion pictures【27】the 20th century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in【28】. It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, 【29】, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 【30】by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 【31】its impact on the media was not immediately【32】. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became personal too, as well as【33】, with display becoming sharper and storage【34】increasing. They were thought of, like people,【35】generations, with the distance between generations much【36】. It was within the computer age that the term information society began to be widely used to describe the【37】within which we now live. The communications revolution has【38】both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 【39】views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. Benefits have been weighed【40】harmful outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.
21．
A．between
B．before
C．since
D．later
正确答案：A
解析：第一句指出：人们曾拿20世纪电视的发展同15、16世纪印刷术的普及作比较。

第二句承上转折，但在(十五、十六世纪到二十世纪)这段时间内发生了许多事，强调两者是不能相提并论的。

四个选项都是时间副词，但表示介于某两时间或地点之间时，用between=in between。

22．
A．after
B．by
C．during
D．until
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查考生对“it was not until…that…”句型的把握。

until表示“直到…才”，在“it was not until+时间+that+句子”中，句中谓语动词用一般过去时。

句意为直到十九世纪，报纸才成为主要媒介。

如果用by，句子时态应改为完成时，故B错误。

而选A、C均不符合历史事实，报纸就是在19世纪开始发展成为主要媒体的。

23．
A．means
B．method
C．medium
D．measure
正确答案：C
解析：medium是媒体，媒介的意思，复数形式为media，mass media指大众传媒，大众传播工具(尤指电视、报纸、无线电等)。

24．
A．process
B．company
C．light
D．form
正确答案：B
解析：从。

the pamphlet和the book推断，the periodical应该也是和newspaper 处于并列关系。

in the company of sth．=together with表示“与…一起”的意思。

25．
A．gathered
B．speeded
C．worked
D．picked
正确答案：B
解析：speed up是“加速”的意思，只有此选项符合题意。

gather是“聚集”的意思；work up一般作及物动词短语，如：work up a business拓展一家商店；pick up是“拾起，捡起”的意思。

26．
A．on
B．out
C．over
D．off
正确答案：A
解析：on表示“进展，向前，继续活动”，是一个持续的状态。

短语lead off 是“开始”的意思，与句意不符。

27．
A．of
B．for
C．beyond
D．into
正确答案：D
解析：该句从“the communications revolution”开始，主要的句子结构为：the revolution speeded up，beginning with…，and leading on through…into the world of…。

故D正确。

28．
A．concept
B．dimension
C．effect
D．perspective
正确答案：D
解析：短语in perspective=in the right perspective，意指“以正确的观点；正确地”。

in concept“在概念上”，in effect则指“规则、法律仍在实施中，仍然有效”，或指“in fact，actually”，都与句意不符。

29．
A．indeed
B．hence
C．however
D．therefore
正确答案：C
解析：从上下文句意推断，上文强调“并不是每个人都能正确地看待这一进程”，这里却说“20世纪初电子计算机的出现极大地改变了这一进程，这一观点是大家公认的。

”很显然这里是一种转折关系，只有however符合题意，indeed 表示强调，hence和therefore则表示顺承的关系。

30．
A．brought
B．followed
C．stimulated
D．characterized
正确答案：B
解析：从上下文时间关系上推断，20世纪60年代集成电路的发明应该是在20世纪初电子计算机的使用之后，因此用“followed by”，故选B。

31．
A．unless
B．since
C．lest
D．although
正确答案：D
解析：由上下文句意推断，前半句“20世纪初电子计算机的出现以及20世纪60年代集成电路的发明极大地改变了这一进程，这一点为大家所公认”，是对计算机的肯定，而后半句“它对媒体的影响并不是立竿见影”，两句之间应是转折的关系，选although。

32．
A．apparent
B．desirable
C．negative
D．plausible
正确答案：A
解析：结合上题分析，应选A，即“尽管计算机对媒体的影响并没有立即为人们所认识，人们却公认…”，选desirable，negative都与上下文逻辑联系相悖，plausible是“可行的”，与impact”影响”不能搭配。

33．
A．institutional
B．universal
C．fundamental
D．instrumental
正确答案：A
解析：institutional与personal形成相对的关系，意指计算机不仅为个人广泛使用，也被机关单位广泛采用。

从as well as推断，所填单词应与personal“个人化的”形成一种对应、比照的关系，而universal“普遍性的”；fundamental“基础性的”；instrumental“工具性的”，都不能满足这种关系。

34．
A．ability
B．capability
C．capacity
D．faculty
正确答案：C
解析：ability一般指有生命的人、动物的能力；capability指人具体做某事的能力，含“能否胜任某项工作”的意思；而faculty则指人的才能，能力，如the faculty for learning languages“学习语言的才能”；而capacity可指非生命体的能力，有“容量”的意思。

storage capacity指“存储容量，内存大小”。

35．
A．by means of
B．in terms of
C．with regard to
D．in line with
正确答案：B
解析：这句话意思是说，人们认为，不同时代的电脑就像人一样，也分为一代、二代…，只是两代电脑之间的相隔时间相对要短得多。

in terms of“依据”．by means of则是指“通过…的手段”；with regard to是“鉴于，考虑到”的意思；in line with则是“与…一致”的意思。

36．
A．deeper
B．fewer
C．nearer
D．smaller
正确答案：D
解析：这里考查的是与distance的搭配问题，只有D项small能与其搭配，常用的还有a great distance，long/short distance等。

37．
A．context
B．range
C．scope
D．territory
正确答案：A
解析：本题实际上是找一个与“information society”相对应的词，而“信息社会”应该是指我们所生活的时代、社会背景，而context不仅有我们所熟知的“上下文”之意，也指某一事件发生的环境、背景。

而range则指一定的范围，如射程，音域，价格上下浮动的范围等；scope指活动范围或观察范围、眼界等；territory则指领土、领域、都没有环境、背景之意。

38．
A．regarded
B．impressed
C．influenced
D．effected
正确答案：C
解析：influence意指影响；regard指注视，视为…；impress指给…留下印象；而effect作及物动词时指“实现，完成”，只有C符合句意，全句意为通讯革命影响了我们的工作和休闲，以及我们的时空观，但是…。

39．
A．competitive
B．controversial
C．distracting
D．irrational
正确答案：B
解析：由“but”可以推断后半句是承前转折，前半句说“通讯革命不仅影响了我们的工作和休闲，还影响到我们的时空观”，但即使如此，“人们对其在经济、政治、社会和文化上的影响仍然持…的观点”。

competitive指“竞争性的”；distracting指“令人分神的”；irrational则指“非理智的”；只有controversial“有争议的”符合上下文句意，即在此问题上人们各持己见，说法不一。

40．
A．above
B．upon
C．against
D．with
正确答案：C
解析：weigh sth．against sth．是一个短语，表示将两者进行对比，比较，两相权衡；weigh upon sb．／sth．是“某件事使某人产生焦虑，某事沉甸甸地压在某人心头”之意；sth．weigh with sb．是“某事影响某人，对某人而言有分量”
的意思。

Section III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes)
Part BDirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
The core of Greece’ s troubles is too much spending, too little tax-collecting and book-cooking. Spain and Ireland are in trouble even if the percentage of their public debt in gross domestic product is much smaller than that of Germany. Italy, also in the financial markets’ crosshairs, has high public debt but a lower deficit than the eurozone’ s average. The root of these countries’ problems is that their prices and wages have risen much faster than those of other eurozone members. There are two ways to mitigate the pain. First, to adopt temporarily more expansionary fiscal policies for a while. Or, more powerfully, the wider euro area could adopt more expansionary monetary policies for several years. As to the second option, the “inflation fundamentalists”will have none of it. This elite consisting of central bankers, top economic officials, politicians, academics and journalists insists that it is unacceptable to allow inflation to climb above two percent. Hyper-inflation in Germany in the 1930s and stagflation in industrial countries in the 1970s and 1980s support their view. It’s true that moderate inflation can creep up to become high inflation. But inflation fundamentalism can also hurt. There is little if any empirical evidence that moderate inflation hurts growth. In most countries, cutting actual wages is politically difficult if not impossible. But, to regain competitiveness and balance the books, real wage adjustments are sometimes inevitable. A slightly higher level of inflation allows for this painful adjustment with a lower level of political conflict. On the other hand, ultra-low inflation, in a recession, can easily become deflation. Falling prices encourage people to defer spending, which makes things worse and erodes tax payments, impairing a government’s ability to pay debt. That in turn increases the debt’ s size and costs. In addition, a single-minded focus on inflation makes it easy for policymakers to lose sight of the broader picture-asset prices, growth and employment. Policy can become too tight or too loose—as in the run-up to the crisis in the U. S. when low inflation was seen as a comforting sign that things were in order. In a recession, ultra-low inflation also reduces the effectiveness of monetary policy since interest rates cannot go below zero. The crisis in the euro area highlights the need for a more open-minded discussion of the merits and costs of ultra-low inflation.
41．In the author’ s opinion, the second way to mitigate the pain is_________.
A．cutting the spending
B．controlling inflation within two percent
C．ultra-low inflation
D．moderate inflation
正确答案：D
解析：作者并没有直接指出第二种方法，所以这道题要求考生在通读全文的基础上进行判断。

选项’A在文中没有提到。

选项B和C是通胀原教旨主义的观点，由第五段可知，作者并不认同这种观点。

由第四段最后一句话“A slightly higher level of inflation allows for this painful adjustment with a lower level of political conflict．(通胀水平略有上升，有助于减轻这一痛苦调整所带来的政治冲突。

)”可知，作者认同温和的通胀。

所以，本题选择D。

42．Which of the following inflation might be accepted by the author?
A．2%.
B．1%.
C．4%.
D．8%.
正确答案：C
解析：由第四段可知，作者的观点和通胀原教旨主义者的观点相冲突，通胀原教旨主义者认为，通胀超过2％就是不能接受的，所以，选项A和B是通胀原教旨主义者的观点。

由第四段最后一句话“A slightly higher level of inflation allows for this painful adjustment with a lower level of political conflict．(通胀水平略有上升，有助于减轻这一痛苦调整所带来的政治冲突。

)”可知，作者认同温和的通胀。

8％太高了，作者可能不会接受。

所以，本题选择C。

43．We can learn from the fourth paragraph that_______.
A．moderate inflation hurts growth
B．it is unnecessary to cut actual wages
C．the author opposes moderate inflation
D．the author opposes inflation fundamentalism
正确答案：D
解析：由第四段第四句“There is little if any empirical evidence that moderate inflation hurts growth．(几乎没有任何经验证据表明，温和的通胀会损害增长。

)”可知选项A不正确。

由第六句“But，to regain competitiveness and balance the books，real wage adjustments are sometimes inevitable．(然而有些时候，要重新获得竞争力并实现收支平衡，调整实际工资是势在必行的。

)”可知，选项B不正确。

由第四句可知，作者并不反对温和的通胀，所以选项C不正确。

由第三句“But inflation fundamentalism can also hurt．(但是，通胀原教旨主义也可能带来危害。

)”可知，作者反对通胀原教旨主义者的观点。

所以，本题选择D。

44．The word “books” (line 5, paragraph 4)means________.
A．tickets
B．accounts
C．works
D．stamps
正确答案：B
解析：tickets“票券”；accounts“账目”；works“著作”；stamps“邮票”。

在文中，“balance the books”意为“持平账目”，所以本题选择B。

45．What is the text mainly about?
A．The core of Greece’ s trouble.
B．Two ways to solve the problems of Greece, Spain, Ireland and Italy.
C．The merits of inflation fundamentalism.
D．The shortcomings of inflation fundamentalism.
正确答案：D
解析：这道题要求考生在通读全文的基础上进行判断。

文章开始提到选项A，但是“希腊问题的本质”并不是文章讨论的主要内容，只是引出作者观点的一个引子。

考生由第三段可知，作者提到了两种缓解这些国家痛苦的办法，但是整篇文章主要谈论的是第二点，所以选项B也不正确。

由第四段的第三句“But inflation fundamentalism can also hurt．(但是，通胀原教旨主义也可能带来危害。

)”可知，本文主要谈论的是通胀原教旨主义的危害。

所以，本题选择D。

Slavery has played a significant role in the history of the U. S. It existed in all the English mainland colonies and most of the Founding Fathers also had slaves, as did eight of the first 12 presidents. Dutch traders brought 20 Africans to Jamestown, Virginia, as early as 1619, however, throughout the 17 th century the number of Africans in the English mainland colonies grew very slowly. At that time, colonists used two other sources of unfree labor: Native American slaves and European indentured servants. During those years, every colony had some Native American slaves, but their number was limited. Indian men avoided performing agricultural labor, because they viewed it as women’ s work, and colonists complained that they were too “haughty”. The more important was that the settlers found it more convenient to sell Native Americans captured in war to planters in the Caribbean than to turn them into slaves, because they often resisted and it was not hard for the slaves to escape. Later, the policy of killing Indians or driving them away from white settlements was proposed and it contradicted with their widespread employment as slaves. The other form of labor was the white indentured servitude. Most indentured servants consisted of poor Europeans. Desiring to escape tough conditions in Europe and take advantage of fabled opportunities in America, they traded three to seven years of their labor in exchange for the transatlantic passage. At first, it was mainly English who were the white indentured servitude but later increasingly Irish, Welsh, and German joined. They were essentially temporary slaves and most of them served as agricultural workers although some, especially in the North, were taught skilled trades. During the 17th century, they performed most of heavy labor in the Southern colonies and also consisted of the bulk of immigrants to those colonies. At the end of the 17 th century, in order to meet the labor need, landowners in America turned to African slaves. During the late 17th and 18th centuries, thanks to
the dominant position of England in terms of naval superiority, English traders (some of whom lived in English America) transported millions of Africans across the Atlantic. And the transatlantic slave trade produced one of the largest forced migrations in history, blacks (the great majority of whom were slaves) increasing from about 7 percent of the American population in 1680 to more than 40 percent by the middle of the 18th century.
46．Which of the following was true of the slavery in America?
A．The colonists sold African Americans to planters in the Caribbean.
B．Native American slaves performed agricultural labor.
C．During the 17th century, the white indentured servitude was the main labor in the Southern colonies.
D．It was at the end of the 17th century that African people began to be brought to America.
正确答案：C
解析：由第三段第三句“The more important was that the settlers found it more convenient to sell Native Americans captured in war to planters in the Caribbean than to turn them into slaves，because they often resisted and it was not hard for the slaves to escape．(更重要的是，殖民者发现把在战争中俘获的印第安人卖给加勒比地区的种植园主，而不是把他们变成奴隶，这样做更方便，因为他们往往进行反抗，也很容易逃走。

)”可知，选项A不正确。

由第三段第二句“Indian men avoided performing agricultural labor；because they viewed it as women’s work，and colonists complained that they were too‘haughty’．”(印第安男子不从事农业劳动，因为他们认为那是妇女的工作, 殖民者也抱怨说他们太“傲慢”。

)可知．选项B不正确。

由第二段第一句“Dutch traders brought 20 Africans to Jamestown，Virginia，as early as 1619(早在1619年，荷兰商人就把20个非洲人带到了弗吉尼亚州的詹姆斯敦)”可知，选项D不正确。

由第四段最后一句“During the 17th century．They performed most of heavy labor in the Southern colonies(在17世纪的南方殖民地，大多数的重活都是由他们干)”可知，选项C正确。

所以，本题选择C。

47．We can infer from the sentence” Later, the policy of killing Indians or ... contradicted with their widespread employment as slaves” that________.
A．many Indians were killed by White settlers
B．many Indians were drove away from white settlements
C．the Indians were slaves in a wide-spread way
D．white settlers must have to find other source of labor
正确答案：D
解析：本句的意思是“后来，杀害印第安人或驱逐他们远离白人定居点的政策被提了出来，这种政策与广泛使用印第安人当奴隶相冲突。

”我们可以从中直接看出选项A，B，和C，不需要推断。

另外，第四段谈论的是由白人组成的契约奴隶，所以，我们可以推断出，因为殖民者对于印第安人的新政策，使印第安
人不能再当白人殖民者的奴隶，殖民者需要寻找其他的劳动力来源。

所以，本题选择D。

48．In the third paragraph, the author mainly argues that________.
A．the number of Native American slaves was very small
B．the colonists thought that the Native American slaves were very haughty
C．the Native American slaves had been treated cruelly
D．the Native American slaves always resisted
正确答案：C
解析：由“The more important was that the settlers found it more convenient to sell Native Americans captured in war to planters in the Caribbean than to turn them into slaves(更重要的是，殖民者发现把在战争中俘获的印第安人卖给加勒比地区的种植园主，而不是把他们变成奴隶，这样做更方便)”以及“the policy of killing Indians or driving them away from white settlements(杀害印第安人或驱逐他们远离白人定居点的政策)”可知，作者在第三段主要谈论的是美洲土著人遭受白人殖民者的残酷迫害。

选项A，B，和D在文中也有所体现，但不是本段主要谈论的内容。

所以，本题选择C。

49．Which of the following wasn’t the opinion of the colonists towards the Native American slaves?
A．The Native American slaves were very haughty.
B．The Native American slaves were very lazy.
C．The Native American slaves were hard to control.
D．The Native American slaves always found ways to escape.
正确答案：B
解析：本题要求考生在通读第三段的基础上进行判断。

由第三段第三句“…because they often resisted and it was not hard for the slaves to escape．(…因为他们往往进行反抗，也很容易逃走。

)”可知，选项C和D是殖民者对美洲土著奴隶的看法。

由第三段第二句“…colonists complained that they were too‘haughty’(…殖民者也抱怨说他们太‘傲慢’)”可知，选项A也是殖民者对美洲土著奴隶的看法。

选项B在文中没有出现。

所以，本题选择B。

50．The relation between the second paragraph and the next following two paragraphs is that in the next following two paragraphs the author________.
A．further elaborates the issue discussed in the second paragraph
B．modifies the point of view in the second paragraph
C．changes the view expressed in the second paragraph
D．offers the reason to support the viewpoint in the second paragraph
正确答案：A
解析：本题考察的是考生对整篇文章结构的把握。

作者在第二段提出，在整个17世纪，非洲人在美洲的数量很少，当时，美洲的白人殖民者主要的劳动力
来源是美洲土著奴隶和欧洲契约奴隶。

在接下来的两段，作者分别介绍了美洲土著奴隶和欧洲契约奴隶的情况，进一步阐述了在第二段提出的观点。

选项B，C 和D对这两者的逻辑关系描述的均不正确。

所以，本题选择A。

U. S. health officials are increasing surveillance measures at doctors’ offices and international borders to guard against the spread of swine flu. Washington also has begun dispersing medicine from a federal stockpile. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says there have been only mild cases of swine flu in the United States, but experts remain on guard. Acting agency director, Richard Besser, says the epidemic in Mexico prompted U. S. doctors to begin monitoring actively for possible infections. “ We are asking doctors when they see someone who has flu-like illness who has traveled to an affected region, to do a culture, take a swab in the nose and send it to the lab so we can see: is it influenza, is it this type?” he said. Speaking Sunday at the White House, Besser said the extra detection efforts have enabled officials to find more infections than under normal circumstances. He also says he expects the number of infections will rise and the illness will spread to other U. S. regions, as doctors continue to monitor the problem. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says it does not recommend people travel to Mexico, where the outbreak of swine flu is centered and more than 100 deaths have been reported. But officials have not ordered a travel ban to the country. Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano says, instead, airlines have the option of screening passengers on flights from Mexico. “We are letting air carriers and our employees at the gates on those flights make sure that they are asking people if they are sick; and if they are sick, that they should not board the plane, “she said. Denise Korniewicz, an infectious disease expert at the University of Miami, says officials should take bolder steps to screen passengers at international borders, as Japan and other Asian nations are doing. “We have a very transient population here. And Japan has taken a lot of precautions. What Japan is doing is they are making everyone take a temperature when they get off the airplane, “ she said. “ As far as I am concerned, I think that is a good idea. “U. S. officials say they are holding off on more aggressive actions because the outbreak has been limited in the United States and they do not want to cause a health scare. Korniewicz says around the country health centers are putting in place emergency response measures aimed at limiting disease outbreaks.
51．What promotes American doctors to begin monitoring actively for possible infections?
A．There have been serious cases of swine flu in the United States.
B．U. S. health officials are increasing surveillance measures at doctors’ offices.
C．The epidemic happened in Mexico.
D．Experts remained on guard.
正确答案：C。