Investigation of the Harada Robot Hand For Space
英语四级新试题总结及答案解析(37)
英语四级新试题及答案解析（37）(1/1)PartⅠWritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter on the issue of employment for gradutes. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:1. 就业的形势越来越严峻，东西部人才供需并不均衡。
2. 你认为是否应在西部就业及其原因_____________下一题(1~10/共10题)Trust Me, I Am a RobotRobot safety: as robots move into homes and offices, ensuring that they do not injure people will be vital. But how?The incidentIn 1981 Kenji Urada, a 37-year-old Japanese factory worker, climbed over a safety fence at a Kawasaki plant to carry out some maintenance work on a robot. In his haste, he failed to switch the robot off properly. Unable to sense him, the robot´s powerful hydraulic arm kept on working and accidentally pushed the engineer into a grinding machine. His death made Urada the first recorded victim to die at the hands of a robot.This gruesome industrial accident would not have happened in a world in which robot behaviour was governed by the Three Laws of Robotics drawn up by Isaac Asimov, a science-fiction writer. The laws appeared in I, Robot, a book of short stories published in 1950 that inspired a recent Hollywood film. But decades later the laws, designed to prevent robots from harming people either through action or inaction, remain in the realm of fiction. Indeed, despite the introduction of improved safety mechanisms, robots have claimed many more victims since 198 I. Over the years people have been crushed, hit on the head, welded and even had molten aluminium poured over them by robots. Last year there were 77 robot-related accidents in Britain alone, according to the Health and Safety Executive.More related issuesWith robots now poised to emerge from their industrial cages and to move into homes and workplaces, roboticists are concerned about the safety implications beyond the factory floor. To address these concerns, leading robot experts have come together to try to find ways to prevent robots from harming people. Inspired by the Pugwash Conferences--an international group of scientists, academics and activists founded in 1957 to campaign for the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons—the new group of robo-ethicists met earlier this year in Genoa, Italy, and announced their initial findings in March at the European Robotics Symposium in Palermo, Sicily. "Security, safety and sex are the big concerns," says Henrik Christensen, chairman of the European Robotics Network at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, and one of the organisers of the new robo-ethics group. Should robots that are strong enough or heavy enough to crush people be allowed into homes? Is "system malfunction" a justifiable defence for a robotic fighter plane that contravenes the Geneva Convention and mistakenly fires on innocent civilians? And should robotic sex dolls resembling children be legally allowed?These questions may seem esoteric but in the next few years they will become increasingly relevant, says Dr. Christensen. According to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe´s World Robotics Survey, in 2002 the number of domestic and service robots more than tripled, nearly surpassing their industrial counterparts. By the end of 2003 there were more than600,000 robot vacuum cleaners and lawn mowers — a figure predicted to rise to more than 4m by the end of next year. Japanese industrial firms are racing to build humanoid robots to act as domestic helpers for the elderly, and South Korea has set a goal that 100% of households should have domestic robots by 2020. In light of all this, it is crucial that we start to think about safety and ethical guidelines now, says Dr. Christensen.DifficultiesSo what exactly is being done to protect us from these mechanical menaces? "Not enough," says Blay Whitby, an artificial-intelligence expert at the University of Sussex in England. This is hardly surprising given that the field of "safety-critical computing" is barely a decade old, he says. But things are changing, and researchers are increasingly taking an interest in trying to make robots safer.Regulating the behaviour of robots is going to become more difficult in the future, since they will increasingly have self-learning mechanisms built into them, says Gianmarco Veruggio, a roboticist in Italy. As a result, their behaviour will become impossible to predict fully, he says, since they will not be behaving in predefined ways but will learn new behaviour as they go. Then there is the question of unpredictable failures. What happens if a robot´s motors stop working, or it suffers a system failure just as it is performing heart surgery or handing you a cup of hot coffee? You can, of course, build in redundancy by adding backup systems, says Hirochika Inoue, a veteran roboticist at the University of Tokyo who is now an adviser to the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. But this guarantees nothing, he says. "One hundred percent safety is impossible through technology," says Dr. Inoue. This is because ultimately no matter how thorough you are, you cannot anticipate the unpredictable nature of human behaviour, he says. Legal problemsSo where does this leave Asimov´s Three Laws of Robotics? They were a narrative device, and were never actually meant to work in the real world, says Dr. Whitby. Let alone the fact that the laws require the robot to have some form of human-like intelligence, which robots still lack, the laws themselves don´t actually work very well. Indeed, Asimov repeatedly knocked them down in his robot stories, showing time and again how these seemingly watertight roles could produce unintended consequences.In any case, says Dr. Inoue, the laws really just encapsulate commonsense principles that are already applied to the design of most modem appliances, both domestic and industrial. Every toaster, lawn mower and mobile phone is designed to minimise the risk of causing injury — yet people still manage to electrocute themselves, lose fingers or fall out of windows in an effort to get a better signal. At the very least, robots must meet the rigorous safety standards that cover existing products~ The question is whether new, robot-specific rules are needed-- and, if so, what they should say."Making sure robots are safe will be critical," says Colin Angle of Robot, which has sold over 2m "Roomba" household-vacuuming robots. But be argues that his firm´s robots are, in fact, much safer than some popular toys. But what he believes is that robot is just like other home appliances that deserves no special treatment.Robot safety is likely to appear in the civil courts as a matter of product liability. "When the first robot carpet-sweeper sucks up a baby, who will be to blame?" asks John Hallam, a professor at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. If a robot is autonomous and capable of learning, can its designer be held responsible for all its actions? Today the answer to these questions isgenerally "yes". But as robots grow in complexity it will become a lot less clear cut, he says.However, the idea that general-purpose robots, capable of learning, will become widespread is wrong, suggests Mr. Angle. It is more likely, he believes, that robots will be relatively dumb machines designed for particular tasks. Rather than a humanoid robot maid, "it´ s going to be a heterogeneous swarm of robots that will take care of the house," he says.第1题This passage is mainly about the benefits of developing robots and how people are going to get used to living with robots in their office and home.A.YB.NC.NG第2题The Three Laws of Robotics mentioned in this passage only exited in a book of short stories.A.YB.NC.NG第3题Although people have realized the danger of robots and began to introduce and improve the safety mechanisms, there is still increasing number of people dying at the hands of robots since 1981.A.YB.NC.NG第4题It can be inferred from this passage that the Pugwash Conference and the meeting in Genoa, Italy had come up with similar measures against potential dangers.A.YB.NC.NG第5题As Henrik Christensen pointed out, three big concerns related to robots were security, safety, and sex.A.YB.NC.NG第6题According to the passage, East Asia is more likely to have more problems related to robot than western countries because they have a more ambitious plan for robot development.A.YB.NC.NG第7题With advancement in the field of artificial-intelligence, it will be easier to regulate the behavior of robots in the future.A.YB.NC.NG第8题To avoid unpredictable failures, Hirochika Inoue suggests building in______by adding backup systems, but he also points out it might not guarantee everything.第9题There will be indeed unpredictable events; however, people believe that at least, robots must meet the rigorous safety standards that cover______.第10题People believe that though it is possible that there will be more robots handling particular tasks, the general-purpose robots which are______will not be possible.上一题下一题(11~18/共15题)Part ⅢListening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have Just heard.Play00:00…Volume第11题A.Doctor and patient.B.Husband and wife.C.Boss and employee.D.Father and daughter.第12题A.Boss and job hunter.B.Clerk and customer.C.Manager and waiter.D.Waiter and customer.第13题A.At 9:30.B.At 10:30.C.At 10:00.D.At 11:00.第14题A.He came late because he had no money for taxi fee.B.He failed to come on time because of traffic jam.C.He failed to give a short notice because he had no change for a telephone call.D.He failed to come on time because he had a car problem.A.Both of them like pop music.B.They both go to the concert very often.C.They like to go to museum very much.D.Both of them like classical music.第16题A.Worse than the last match.B.The worst match he has ever watched.C.Better than the last match.D.The best match he has ever seen.第17题A.35.B.25.C.45.D.30.第18题A.It doesn´t matter which apartment the man chooses.B.It´s a difficult decision.C.She doesn´t like either apartment.D.The marl should choose a different apartment.上一题下一题(19~22/共15题)Part ⅢListening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have Just heard.Play00:00…Volume第19题A.It is healthy.B.It contains sugar.C.It doesn´t have sugar in them.D.It is sour.第20题A.Paul is keen on sweet food.B.Paul´s teeth are not healthy.C.Paul eats too much sweet food.D.Paul is crazy about sweets.第21题A.Lettuce.C.Parsley.D.Watercress.第22题A.Diagnosis on a disease.B.How to avoid being fat.C.Hot to cook.D.Suggestions on the diet of a child.上一题下一题(23~25/共15题)Part ⅢListening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Play00:0003:27Volume第23题A.Shanghai.B.Beijing.C.Tianjin.D.Guangzhou.第24题A.The technical manager.B.The sales manager.C.The laboratory manager.D.The operation manager.第25题A.Production manager.b manager.C.Sales manager.D.Quality control manager.上一题下一题(26~28/共10题)Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.Play00:0002:48Volume第26题A.How to improve transportation.B.The best transportation facilities.C.A comparison between railway and airplane.D.Transportation in China.第27题A.Not comfortable.B.Rather crowded and slow.C.Interval is long.D.Cannot reach suburban areas.第28题A.By buses.B.By private cars.C.By rail.D.By air.上一题下一题(29~31/共10题)Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.Play00:0002:22Volume第29题A.Cultural differences and communication.nguage and communication.C.Intercultural communications.D.Three prerequisites of successful communication between cultures.第30题nguage elements.B.Cultural differences.C.Something happens when people from another culture want to communicate.D.Practical problems in communications between different cultures.第31题A.An ambassador can serve as a bridge between two cultures.B.An ambassador has to understand more than a language to communicate effectively.C.Knowledge of a foreign language is enough for successful communication.D.Mutual understanding is important to maintain good relations between cultures.上一题下一题(32~35/共10题)Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Play00:0003:02Volume第32题A.How to read a book.B.Evaluation of a book.C.Evaluation of a writer.D.The contends of a book report.第33题A.To know whether they read the book or whether they understand the book.B.As a common home assignment.C.To help improve their writing.D.To monitor their research.第34题A.Reading comprehension.B.Ability to analyze.C.English proficiency.D.Writing.第35题A.Introduction.B.Summary of book.C.Analysis of writer´s style.ments.上一题下一题(36~46/共11题)Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first trine, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Play00:00…VolumeBefore the 1850´s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church__36__institutions whose primary concern was to__37__the moral character of their students.Throughout Europe, institutions of__38__learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of__39__. In Germany a different kind of university had developed. The German university was concerned__40__with creating and spreading knowledge, not__41__. Between mid-century and the end of the 1800s, more than nine thousand young Americans,__42__with their training at home, went to Germany for__43__study.Some of them returned__44__The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty.__45__The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars. Drilling and learning by rote were replaced by the German method of lecturing,__46__Graduate training leading to the Ph.D., an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced.第36题第37题第38题第39题第40题第41题第42题第44题第45题第46题上一题下一题(47~56/共20题)Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.This book is about the future of technology. In it we will examine some of the many recent developments in a few key fields and try, in a__47__ way, to predict where they will take us in the next fifteen years or so.If that sounds like a modest goal, it´s not. Technology is the__48__ force of our time and probably of all time to come. It appears in more__49__ than we can count. It changes so rapidly that no scientist or engineer can keep up with his own field, much less with technology in general. It has__50__ and shaped our lives at every turn, we live in technology as fish live in the sea, and we have only a little better chance of__51__ the details of its future changes.Yet the task is well worth undertaking. Whatever hints we can gather about the future will help us prepare for the changes to come. And though technology has made the present much less__52__ than the past, and surely will make the future more disturbed, still, there is good reason to hope that our lives, in sum and on average, will be better as a result. In an age of uncomfortable__53__ , this is reassurance we all can use.For an idea of what is to come -- in magnitude if not in specifics -- look to the past. In the last ninety years, the world has shrunk, while human experience has__54__ almost beyond the recognition of those who grew up in our grandparents´ generation.A century after America´s founders__55__ their agrarian (耕地的) democracy, nearly all their descendents still lived on farming. Since World War I, technology has__56__ us from behind horse-drawn plows and plugged us into assembly lines and offices. Today it is removing many of us from offices and letting us work at home or forcing us to work on the road.[A].similarities [B].forecasting [C].conceived[D].varieties [E].reformed [F].stable[G].challenges [H].advanced [I].neutral[J].permeated [K].opportunities [L].limited[M].extracted [N].reminding [O].dominant第47题第48题第49题第50题第51题第52题第53题第54题第55题上一题下一题(57~61/共20题)Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.In the thirteenth century, in order to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, Frederic Ⅱtold the nurses to keep silent, and all the infants died before the first year. But dearly there was more than language deprivation here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is serious affected.Today no such ruthless deprivation exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the cues and signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to mop up language rapidly. There are critical times, it seems, when children learn more readily. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Linguists suggest that speech milestones are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ, (Intelligence Quotient). At twelve weeks a baby smiles and utters vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man´s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a teddy-bear (玩具熊) with the sound pattern "teddy-bear". And even more incredible is the young brain´s ability to pick out an order in language from the hubbub of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in novel ways.But speech has to be triggered, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the cues and signals in the child´s babbling, dinging, grasping, crying, smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends of only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child´s non-verbal cues is essential to the growth and development of language.第57题The reason some children are backward in speaking today is that ______.A.they do not listen carefully to their mothersB.their mothers are not intelligent enough to help themC.their brains have to absorb too much language at onceD.their mothers do not respond to their attempts to speak第58题Frederick Ⅱ´s experiment was "ruthless" because ______.A.he was unkind to the nursesB.he ignored the importance of mothering to the infantC.he wanted to prove that children are born with the ability to speakD.he wanted to see if the children would die before they reached the age of one第59题By "critical times" (para. 2) the author means ______.A.important stages in the child´s developmentB.difficult periods in the child´s lifeC.times when mothers often neglect their childrenD.moments when the child becomes critical towards its mother第60题Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage?A.The child´s brain is highly selective.B.The faculty of speech is inborn in man.C.Children do not need to be encouraged to speak.D.Most children learn their language in definite states.第61题According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A.Frederick´s experiment proved that children are born with the ability to speak.B.Good mothering is important only after the child has learned to speak.C.The author does not believe that children select and analyze their language.D.If the mother does not respond to her child´s signals, the child will make little effort to speak. 上一题下一题(62~66/共20题)Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.The post-war explosion in the use of detergents (清结剂) was a prime cause for the deteriorating (恶化) condition of Thames twenty-five years ago. Between 1951 and 1961, detergent use increased three times. A tragic example of the results of this was when a man drowned because, though help was at hand, the would-be rescuers could not see him through the mass of foam. Previously, detergents had been of vegetable origin and caused no trouble. The new "hard" (technically, non-biodegradable 不能分解的) detergents contained elements which could not be degraded in the treatment plants sewage (污水) works. These detergents decreased the efficiency of plants by an estimated 30 percent. So when the waste water from the works was sent into the river, it still contained much "hard" detergent, which foamed or spread on the surface and greatly reduced the amount of oxygen naturally taken into the water. These detergents were also poisonous to fish.The threat became so serious that in 1957 the Standing Technical Committee on Synthetic Detergents held talks with government representatives, river authorities and manufacturers. Through friendly persuasion manufactures voluntarily agreed to phase out (逐步停止) "hard" detergents in favor of biodegradable ones which could be broken down during sewage treatment.A very marked improvement to the Thames, and some other rivers, quickly came on the heels of this application of cooperative common sense.Continuing guard is kept on the Thames: Specialists watch over the river as doctors might do for a patient. Samples are taken daily at high and low tide at twenty-nine points on a fortnightly cycle. Thus is the health of the river constantly monitored: Any minor illness is at once corrected, continuing improvement joyously recorded.The restoration of the tidal Thames is perhaps best demonstrated by the following simple table: Take the figure 900 as representing the general degree of pollution in 1950. Twenty-five years later it was 250. In 1980 it read 90 -- a reduction of pollution over thirty years by 90 percent. Justifiably we can speak of "the Thames saved".第62题What can we infer from the tragic example given in the first paragraph?A.People rescued the man before he was drowned in the polluted water.B.Some people were near the man who was drowning but they did not try to rescue him.C.The man could have been saved if the Thames had not been so seriously polluted.D.The rescuers could not see the drowned man because he was carried away by the fast flowing river water.第63题The "hard" detergents caused trouble during the 1950s because ______.A.they were not made from vegetablesB.there was not much oxygen in themC.nowhere could they be treated except in the treatment plants at sewage worksD.their elements could not be broken down into various substances of which they were made第64题After 1957 the pollution of the Thames began to reduce quickly because ______.A.manufacturers agreed to produce biodegradable detergents instead of non-biodegradable detergentsB.river authorities cooperated very well with government representativesC.ways had been found to degrade the new "hard" detergentsD.more sewage works had been built to treat polluted water第65题Paragraph 4 is mainly about ______.A.the similarity of specialists to doctorsB.the comparison between the river and the patientC.how healthy the Thames isD.the ways specialists monitor the Thames第66题Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?A.The Thames has not been saved from pollution yet.B.The condition of the Thames was at worst in the 1950s.C.Few people are concerned about the pollution problems of the Thames.D.No one is certain what the main cause for the pollution of the Thames is.上一题下一题(67~86/共20题)Part ⅤCloze。
高考英语时事新闻语法填空环氧树脂手工艺品,美国女孩获再生元科学天才奖,哈兰德破纪录
神奇的环氧树脂手工艺品When I was a child, I was enthusiastic about making handicrafts by myself. I 1 _____________(try) many kinds of handicrafts since childhood, such as paper folding, building small models, dry flowers and so on. But the most enjoyable way for me to create is to make ornaments (装饰物) from epoxy resin (环氧树脂).Epoxy resin is a kind of polymer (聚合物). Before you use it, it is divided 2 __________two liquids. When you need to use it, you just need to mix the two liquids together. In a few days, it will become a transparent solid.3 ____________(make) a beautiful ornament from epoxy resin isn’t an easy task, however. You first need to know4 ___________it is that you want to do. When you have a clear goal in mind, you can start taking ideas and putting them into5 __________(real). As for me, I usually like to use rotten (腐烂的) wood at the bottom of the ornament6 ______________(process) some details on the wood. After that, you can make a mold (模具) with plastic slices according to the shape of the whole wood. After the mold7 _______________(finish) , you can mix the two liquids together and pour them into the mold. Make sure your mold is absolutely sealed (密封的),8 ___________the epoxy resin will leak everywhere. After that, just wait for two days, _9_________you can get a rough ornament.As for me, polishing is the hardest step. It not only takes time to do, but is also boring. Especially when 10 _____________(polish) larger ornaments, you need to sit on a bench and polish its surface with sandpaper for three to four hours. I often grind (磨) my hand to the point of getting blisters (水泡) because of polishing. During this process, the idea of giving up is tempting, but I always press on to get the perfect result in the end.Every time I take out the fruits of my labor from my display case, I think to myself that all of my efforts are worth it.参考答案：1 have tried 2 into 3 Making 4 what 5 reality 6 to process 7 is finished 8 otherwise 9 and 10 polishing美国女孩获再生元科学天才奖Kamisi Adetunji, a 17-year-old student from the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics in Durham, US, is making headlines with her 1______________(impress) science project that aims to tackle community health and safety risks.Her project aimed to improve treatment for sickle cell disease (镰状细胞贫血病). This genetic (遗传的) condition_2__________(cause) red blood cells to sickle. That makes 3________harder for those cells to carry oxygen throughout the body. Natural compounds (化合物) called flavonoids (类黄酮) were known to reduce sickle cells. By changing the chemical structure of flavonoids 4_______________( extract) from fruits, Adetunji was able to improve their anti-sickling powers.Adetunji’s inspiration for the project came from her personal experience. Adetunji said. “One day I was on a walk with my mom, and we were talking about a family friend who was5_____________(current) battling sickle cell disease. And she was telling me about all the people back home that she knew who had it or have passed from it.” When having the opportunity 6__________(do) research at school, she immediately knew that she wanted to study sickle cell disease, Adetunji added.The biggest challenge Adetunji faced while 7____________(work) on her project was that she had no experience with a science project like this. She had to trust in herself and believe that shewould be able to finish this project and continue trying different things when her methods at first weren’t working.She plans to continue the research on sickle cell disease. Adetunji said, “I still want to do medicinal chemistry research, especially with other diseases 8__________ affect minority communities.”“If you asked me two years ago 9_______I would be doing this research … I would have been like, ‘There’s no way’,” Adetunji said. “I think the most important thing is to just trust that you’re capable 10_________a lot more than you think you are.”参考答案：1 impressive 2 causes 3 extracted 4 it 5 currently 6 to do 7 working 8 that 9 if 10 of哈兰德：“记录破碎机”！The 22-year-old Norwegian scored his 45th goal in Manchester City’s 3-0 win over Bayern Munich in the Champions League on April 11. This 1__________(mean) that he has now scored more in a single season for a Premier League club than anyone has ever managed to do so before. Not only is this a massive achievement already, but Haaland has the potential 2_______________(extend) his record with a possible 15 more games to play before the season finishes.One reason 3_________ Haaland’s excellent record-breaking achievement is his multi-faceted (多面的) way of playing soccer. Able to score seamlessly (无缝地) with both feet, Haaland also has speed and agility (敏捷性) that allow him to quickly pick up on the ball when4_____________(pass) to him as well as leap into the air to score headers. His quick thinking also helps Haaland react 5______the actions of others, always being able to quickly hit the ball when attempts by his teammates are deflected (转移) by the opposing keeper.As 6___________(prove) of his strong goal-scoring ability, Haaland only touched the ball 28 times during the game,7 _____________(few) than any other starting player for either team, but still managed to score, according to the BBC.Liverpool’s Mohamed Salah previously held the record with 44 strikes across all competitions in the 2017-18 season.8____________, with the soccer season not ending until July, the stark (明显的) difference between Haaland 9_________all past goal-scoring greats is clear. Only time will tell how many more goals he can score and whether this individual success can lead to his team 10____________(win) trophies (奖杯).参考答案：1 means 2 to extend 3 for 4 passed 5 to 6 proof 7 fewer 8 However 9 and 10 winning。
蜘蛛侠机器人英语作文
In the realm of science fiction,the concept of a SpiderMan robot is a fascinating one. Imagine a machine that embodies the agility,strength,and heroism of the iconic webslinger.Heres a detailed English composition on such a concept:Title:The SpiderMan Robot:A Leap into the Future of TechnologyIn the heart of New York City,where skyscrapers touch the sky and the streets buzz with life,a new protector has emerged.Its not a human,but a technological marvel:the SpiderMan Robot.This advanced piece of machinery is designed to patrol the city, ensuring the safety of its inhabitants with the grace and power of SpiderMan himself.Design and CapabilitiesThe SpiderMan Robot is an engineering feat,standing tall at six feet with a sleek, aerodynamic design.Its exterior is made of a composite material that is both lightweight and incredibly strong,capable of withstanding the rigors of urban patrolling.The robot is equipped with a sophisticated AI system that allows it to make quick decisions,analyze situations,and respond to emergencies with the efficiency of a seasoned superhero.One of its most notable features is the ability to mimic SpiderMans signature webslinging. The robot can shoot artificial webs from its mechanical wrists,enabling it to swing from building to building with remarkable agility.These webs are strong enough to support the robots weight and can adhere to various surfaces,including glass and metal.Artificial Intelligence and EthicsThe AI within the SpiderMan Robot is programmed with a strong ethical code,ensuring that it respects human rights and operates within the boundaries of the law.It is designed to assist,not replace,human law enforcement,providing support during highrisk situations such as hostage rescues or the pursuit of dangerous criminals.The robots AI is also capable of learning and adapting.It can analyze data from past incidents to improve its response strategies,making it an everevolving guardian of the city.Integration with SocietyFor the SpiderMan Robot to be truly effective,it must be accepted and integrated intosociety.It is designed to interact with the public in a friendly and approachable manner, using a voice synthesizer to communicate and reassure those it encounters.The robots creators have also ensured that it is recognizable,with a design that pays homage to the classic SpiderMan suit,complete with the iconic web pattern and mask.Challenges and ControversiesDespite its many benefits,the SpiderMan Robot also faces challenges and controversies. Some argue that the presence of such a powerful machine could infringe on personal freedoms or lead to an overreliance on technology for security.Others worry about the potential for misuse or malfunction,which could have disastrous consequences.To address these concerns,the robots creators have implemented strict protocols for its operation and maintenance.It is regularly monitored and updated to ensure that it remains a force for good.ConclusionThe SpiderMan Robot represents a bold step into the future of technology and law enforcement.It stands as a testament to human ingenuity and our neverending quest to create a safer,more secure world.As we continue to push the boundaries of what is possible,the SpiderMan Robot serves as a symbol of our potential to harness technology for the greater good.In the end,the SpiderMan Robot is more than just a machine it is a symbol of hope,a guardian that watches over the city with the same unwavering dedication as its human counterpart.As we look to the future,it is inspiring to imagine a world where such advanced technology works hand in hand with humanity to protect and serve.This composition explores the potential of a SpiderManinspired robot,its integration into society,and the ethical considerations that come with such advanced technology.。
大鱼人机英语听力
大鱼人机英语听力Title: The English Listening Comprehension of Aquatic RoboticsIn the realm of aquatic robotics, the integration of English listening comprehension presents a unique challenge and opportunity. As these machines navigate underwater environments, their ability to interpret and respond to English commands can greatly enhance their functionality and utility. Here, we delve into the significance, methods, and advancements in enhancing the English listening comprehension of aquatic robots.Significance:The significance of enhancing English listening comprehension in aquatic robotics lies in improving human-robot interaction and operational efficiency. By understanding and executing English commands, these robotscan collaborate seamlessly with human operators, facilitating tasks ranging from underwater exploration to maintenance and rescue operations.Methods:Several methods are employed to enhance the English listening comprehension of aquatic robots. One approach involves natural language processing (NLP) algorithms that enable robots to decipher spoken or written English commands. These algorithms utilize techniques such as machine learning and deep learning to analyze linguistic patterns and extract meaning from English inputs.Another method involves the integration of speech recognition systems into the robot's architecture. These systems convert spoken English commands into text, which is then processed and executed by the robot. Advancements in speech recognition technology have improved the accuracy andreliability of this method, enabling more precise communication between humans and robots.Furthermore, multimodal approaches combine speech recognition with other sensory inputs, such as visual or tactile cues, to enhance comprehension and robustness. By integrating multiple modalities, aquatic robots can overcome challenges such as noisy underwater environments or ambiguous commands.Advancements:Recent advancements have propelled the field of English listening comprehension in aquatic robotics forward. One notable development is the use of neural networks for language understanding. These neural networks, inspired by the human brain, can learn complex linguistic structures and context, enabling more nuanced interpretation of English commands by aquatic robots.Additionally, the application of reinforcement learning has led to adaptive and autonomous systems that improve over time through experience. Aquatic robots equipped with reinforcement learning algorithms can refine their listening comprehension capabilities through interactions with humans and the environment, ultimately becoming more proficient and reliable in executing tasks.Moreover, the integration of domain-specific knowledge, such as marine terminology and context, further enhances the effectiveness of English listening comprehension in aquatic robotics. By incorporating domain knowledge into NLP models and speech recognition systems, robots can better understand and respond to commands tailored to underwater operations.Conclusion:In conclusion, the enhancement of English listening comprehension in aquatic robotics is a multifaceted endeavor with profound implications for human-robot collaboration andoperational efficiency. By leveraging advanced technologies and methodologies, such as NLP, speech recognition, and neural networks, researchers continue to push the boundaries of what is possible in enabling underwater robots to understand and execute English commands effectively. As advancements in this field progress, the potential for transformative applications in marine exploration, maintenance, and rescue missions becomes increasingly tangible.。
日本图书馆人工智能研究与应用前沿
*本文系国家社会科学基金重点项目“智慧公共文化服务及云平台优化研究”（项目编号：18AZD036）研究成果。
日本图书馆人工智能研究与应用前沿*韦景竹，叶彦君摘要日本较早从事图书馆人工智能研究，近年在应用领域取得了新成果。
文章采用文献研究与案例分析法，分析日本图书馆人工智能特色实践应用，探讨日本图书馆应用人工智能的特点。
研究发现：日本图书馆主要围绕机器人应用、智能空间建设、古籍草书文本识别等开展智能服务；呈现出重视文化遗产的保护和利用、公共文化机构和民间企业联动合作以及活用开放获取的大数据环境等特点。
我国可在借鉴日本经验的同时，结合自身优势和实际，探索与我国高质量发展相适应的智慧图书馆建设路径。
关键词日本图书馆人工智能智慧图书馆引用本文格式韦景竹，叶彦君.日本图书馆人工智能研究与应用前沿[J].图书馆论坛，2022，42（8）：51-61.The Frontiers of Artificial Intelligence Research and Application in Jap-anese LibrariesWEI Jingzhu &YE YanjunAbstract As a major country of robotics ，Japan has embarked on library artificial intelligence research to an ear⁃lier start ，and has successfully made some new achievements and breakthroughs in recent ing literature re⁃view and case analysis ，this paper analyzes the hot spots and characteristics of artificial intelligence application in Japanese libraries.Library intelligent services in Japan emphasize robot applications ，the building of intelligent spaces ，and the recognition of cursive texts from ancient books ，which is characterizes by attaching importance to the preservation and utilization of cultural heritage ，the linkage and cooperation of cultural institutions and private enterprises ，and the use of open access in big data environment.Drawing on the experiences from Japan ，Chinacan explore a path to build smart libraries compatible with the new stage of high-quality development in line with its advantages and conditions.Keywords Japan ；libraries ；artificial intelligence ；smart libraries0引言随着机器学习技术进步、大数据爆炸性增长和信息处理能力增强，人工智能发展进入第三个爆发期，普遍应用于制造业、农业、交通运输、教育、金融等领域[1]。
人教版2017课标高中英语必修第二册Unit2单元测试试卷-含答案01
Unit 2 单元测试一、阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）第一节（共10小题，每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AMore than two thirds of the world’s polar bears will be wiped out by 2050, according to ashocking new study. By then, scientists say, global warming will have melted 42 percent of theArctic sea ice. By 2100, only a very few of these important creatures will be left.The report has been produced by the US Geological Survey. The scientists have publicizedtheir findings in the hope of influencing US Interior Secretary Dirk Kempthorne, who has beenasked to put polar bears on the US endangered species list.Polar bears depend on floating sea ice as a platform for hunting seals, which are their main food. Without enough ice, polar bears would be forced to go onto the land, where they are killed by hunters, and would be unlikely to adapt to the life on the land in time. Experts say few little bears would survive and the stress could make many females unable to get pregnant.The team of American and Canadian scientists spent six months studying bears: on the ground, from spotter planes and in the lab, using computer models. Some team members fear the result is even worse for the bears than what their report says. They say the Arctic is warming faster than anywhere in the world and much faster than their computer had been forecasting, Satellite observations have showed that the ice has decreased to an all-time low.However, not everyone in the scientific community believes that global warming is happening on such an alarming scale. Another investigation has found that polar bears are still being hunted by wealthy “sportsmen” who want their skins and heads. At least ten international companies offer bear-hunting trips.1. What do we know about Dirk Kempthorne according to the passage?A. He is an animal scientist.B. He is a protector of animals working for the US government.C. He was asked to put polar bears on the US endangered species list.D. He offered to put polar bears on the endangered species list.2. Why will polar bears die out if there is not enough sea ice?A. Because polar bears can’t catch enough food without sea ice.B. Because polar bears eat ice when they feel thirsty.C. Because polar bears will be easily found by hunters without ice.D. Because most female bears are used to giving birth under ice.3. After a six-month study, some scientists fear that ________.A. there is something wrong with their computersB. polar bears will disappear even faster than they ever expectedC. their computer models are not as accurate as they expectedD. global warming will destroy everything in the ArcticBThe British are known for their sense of humor. However, it is often difficult for foreigners to understand their jokes. The main point to remember is that the British often use understatement.Understatement means saying less than you think or feel. For example, if someone gets very wet in a shower of rain, he might say, “It’s a little damp（潮湿的）outside.” Or, if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person, someone else might say, “She isn’t exactly friendly.” Understatement is often used in an unpleasant situation or to make another person look silly. Understatement plays an important part in British humor.Another key to understanding British humor is that the British like to make fun of themselves as well as others. They often laugh about the silly and unpleasant things that happen to our everyday life when someone accidently falls over in the street. They also like to make jokes about people from different classes of society. They like to make jokes about their accents, the way they dress and the way they behave. What’s more, the British love to watch comedies（喜剧）about people who do not know how to behave in society. The comedies series Mr. Bean is a good example of this kind of humor.Mr. Bean is the character created by British actor Rowan Atkinson in 1990. Mr. Bean doesn’t talk often, and instead he uses his body movement and facial expressions to make people laugh. Perhaps what makes Mr. Bean so funny is that he does things that adults in the real world cannot do. Mr. Bean is popular in many countries around the world because you do not have to speak English to understand the humor. Because of this, many people have become familiar with the British sense of humor.4. Why is it difficult for foreigners to understand British jokes?A. The British often enlarge the fact.B. British jokes are connected with many different cultures.C. British jokes are not as funny as jokes in other countries.D. The British try to make out that something is less important than it is.5. The author explains understatement by ________.A. describing a processB. making comparisonsC. following time orderD. using examples6. What can be the best title for the text?A. British Humor in ComedyB. Humor in Different CulturesC. Understanding British HumorD. Developing Your Sense of HumorCWhere do the turtles go?Every summer, thousands of endangered green sea turtles climb onto beaches around the world. Each mother sea turtle produces 100 or more eggs in a hole, and covers the hole with sand before she swims away.Two months later, the eggs hatch, and the baby turtles climb out of the sand andswim into the ocean. They don’t reappear until they have grown as large as dinner plates.Until now, no one knows where the baby turtles go or what they do.“If we don’t know where these little turtles are, we can’t protect them,” says KimReich, who helps solve part of the mystery.Her teacher, Karen Bjorndal, has studied green sea turtles for more than 30 years.Every year, Bjorndal goes to the Bahamas Islands. Many young sea turtles come here tolive and eat at the end of their childhood.These turtles are the only sea turtles that live as plant eaters. In fact, their name may be a result of what they eat. The turtles don’t look green but they do have green fat. Scientists learned that the turtles eat green sea plants, which may turn their fat green.Between 2002 and 2004, Bjorndal caught 44 green sea turtles in the Bahamas. After testing them, she found something to support the 20-year-old idea: baby green sea turtles eat meat before they turn to a diet of plants. In fact, they eat animals that live in the open ocean.Scientists still need to find where exactly green sea turtles grow. We now know that baby green sea turtles are out in the open ocean, but the open ocean is a big place.“It is really a problem,” says Bjorndal. The discovery may help us do a better job of protecting this sea animal.7. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A. Baby turtles go to the ocean when they are three months old.B. Mother turtles leave the eggs alone after they produce them.C. No one knows when turtles appear on the beach.D. Mother turtles are as large as dinner plates.8. Kim Reich does research on where baby turtles go because she wants to ________.A. help her teacherB. prove an ideaC. protect turtlesD. become a scientist9. What does Karen Bjorndal’s research prove about green sea turtles?A. The young live in the Bahamas Islands.B. The young eat meat before turning to a diet of plants.C. They live in the open ocean for a lifelong time.D. They are the only sea turtles that live as plant eaters.10. What does the underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refer to?A. Finding out where young turtles grow.B. Protecting this endangered sea animal.C. Changing young turtles’ eating habits.D. Living in the open ocean.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）答卷时应注意事项１、拿到试卷，要认真仔细的先填好自己的考生信息。
高考英语一轮复习提能练三十二Unit2Robots含解析
Unit 2 RobotsⅠ.阅读理解A(2020·河北省高三年级名校联考) In elementary school，Glenn Cameron was very aware of the challenges faced by his friend，Roger，who had lost a hand.Now he has built an artificial helper for him.The robotic hand is called “Dexi”．Each of its fingers can move independently.The strength and speed of the hand's“muscles” can be controlled.He's also created a digital version of this hand，which responds on a computer screen.Through a special headset，the system takes electrical signals from a human brain，sends them to a computer，and then the computer “ tells” the hand what to do.For example，to make the hand close，you “see” a fist in your head.In fact，Cameron's first robotic hand was 3D printed online.Realizing the hand was too limited，he decided to build his own.It was quite a challenge，but his new version was better.It was also cheap，compared to many other robotic hand projects.Cameron says designing and building the hand was hard，but he went on.Then came the one Roger is using.Cameron is working on a hand that can actually be used by a person who's lost a hand at present.He says the new hand will be simpler，because there won't be as much space.To make up for this，he's adding a mini camera and trying to make the hand smarter.Cameron encourages young people who think they might want to do something demanding and similar，“ You just begin working towards it.Take one little step at a time，purposeful and steadfast，sooner or later you're going to get to the place you long for.”语篇解读在小学的时候，Glenn Cameron看到朋友缺少一只手，内心很受触动，他现在已经制造出了可以由人脑控制的机械手来帮助朋友。
广东省2021届高三下学期2月英语试卷精选汇编：阅读理解专题
阅读理解专题广东省揭阳市2020-2021学年下学期高三质量测试英语试题第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项.AI've been reading lots of books per year during the past decade. So obviously I get the usual question of what books I recommend. Well here are my top 4 favorite books of all time, which influenced me into who I am today.1. Think & Grow Rich by Napoleon Hill.It's one of the biggest bestsellers of all time. Napoleon Hill spent two decades analyzing over 500 successful men like Henry Ford, Thomas Edison and John D. Rockefeller to discover how they did it. The result of Hill's research is in Think & Grow Rich — 13 steps to achieve your goal, whatever it is. All other self-help books are just copies of Hill's book first published in 1937.2. Psyclho-Cybernetics by Maxwell Maltz.It's another bestseller and the only self-help book you'll need next to Think & Crow Rich. Maxwell Maltz was a plastic surgeon who was amazed that some patients still felt ugly after surgery. That's when he discovered they also needed reconstruction work inside — their "self-image". Everything about how to use the "mind-body" connection to achieve your goals, and how to feel confident about your body is inside this book.3. Talent is Overrated by Geoff Colvin.This book drives the point home that success in any field is not determined by genes or talent but deliberate practice, Colvin uses examples from class achievers like Tiger Woods, Jack Welch, Warren Buffet, Mozart to prove that they all got theirs through years of practice—the 10,000 hours rule. You'll reexamine your beliefs about what it takes to succeed and supercharge your motivation after reading Colvin's book.4. Mastery by George Leonard.This book also stresses that practice is the secret of success in anything. Leonard explains that mastership never ends — you will never have perfect technique and be able to stop. Instead you'll keep learning, improving, and hitting plateaus. The big point in Mastery is that plateaus are vital for improving your skills and that you therefore must start enjoying them instead of getting impatient or quitting like most guys do.1. For what purpose will a person read the book Think & Grow Rich as a reference?A. To make a research on being rich and famous.B. To draw a conclusion on the successful men's stories.C. To deliver a lecture on the instructions on how to succeed.D. To write a report on how to copy Hill's 13 steps to become famous.2. What do Think & Grow Rich and Psycho-Cybernetics both share?A. They are on the same bookshelf next to each other.B. They are bestsellers and the self-help books as well.C. They introduce about successful people and their secrets.D. They help readers to become successful by offering confidence.3. Which books can best explain the sayings "Practice makes perfect" and "Live and learn" respectively?A. Talent is Overrated; Mastery.B. Mastery; Psycho-Cybernetics.C. Think & Grow Rich; Psycho-Cybernetics.D. Think & Grow Rich; Talent is Overrated. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. ABHaving just completed her diploma in French, Feng Yu, as a brave young girl, was ready for some adventure. She finally took on the job offer that brought her to the Democratic Republic of the Congo to work as an interpreter. Only 22 years old at the time, she could hardly imagine the hardships sue would face there. But with the support of her African friends in China, she stood firm and found out that an extraordinary experience was awaiting for her there.Despite having made all necessary preparations, Feng spent her first night on the continent in tears. But she did her best to adapt to the new living environment.After a few months, she look on a new job offer in the Democratic Republic of the Congo before moving to Algeria. She stayed on the African continent for three and a half years in total , before finally returning to China.As days went by, a golden opportunity opened to her. Her company needed someone to go to a faraway village deep in the forest. None of her colleagues wanted to go, but Feng, as a junior employee, seized the opportunity.This village is inhabited by the tribe, cut off from the world, still maintains is traditional ways. That night when the kerosene lamp went out, Feng found herself in total darkness. "I was so scared, but I had nowhere to run away," she recalled. The next day, she saw how singing and dancing play a major role in the lives of local villagers.Little by little, Feng was caught up in this lively atmosphere and soon forgot her initial worries.Back home, she found a position in an African embassy in Beijing. For the next four years, from 2014 to 2018, Feng traveled twice to Mauritania and twice to Madagascar. She was captivated by the continent again and again.4. What do we know about Feng Yu from Paragraph One?A. She wanted to experience some hardships after graduation.B. She is an experienced Chinese oversea student.C. She wanted to work in Africa after graduation.D. She was working at an embassy in Africa.5. Where did Feng Yu go to work when she was 22 years old?A. Algeria.B. Mauritania.C. Madagascar.D. Congo.6. How did Feng Yu feel after in the village finally?A. Scared.B. Relaxed.C. Worried.D. Excited.7. How long did she stay in Africa in all before she got a position in an African embassy?A. Almost four years.B. Almost three years.C. More than four years.D. More than five years.【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. ACMarco Springmann and his colleagues, at the Oxford Martin School's Future of Food Programme, built computer models that predicted what would happen if everyone became vegetarian by 2050. The results indicate that if the world went vegan, the greenhouse gas emissions declines would be around 70%.In the US, for example, an average family of four emits more greenhouse gases because of the meal they eat than from driving two cars——but it is cars, not steaks, that regularly come up in discussions about global warming.Food, especially livestock, also takes up a lot of room. 68% of agricultural land in the world is used for livestock. When these lands become grasslands and forests, they would capture carbon dioxide and further ease climate change.However, if the whole world went vegan, there would be negative effects too. First, it is necessary to keep livestock for environmental purposes. "I'm sitting here in Scotland where the Highlands' environment is very man-made and based largely on grazing by sheep," says Peter Alexander, a researcher in socio-ecological systems modeling at the University of Edinburgh. "If we took all the sheep away, the environment would look different and there would be a potential negative impact on biodiversity. "Plus, meat is an important part of history , tradition and cultural identity. Numerous groups around the world give livestock gifts at weddings, celebratory dinners such as Christmas with turkey or roast beef.And nowadays, moderation in meal-eating's frequency and portion size is key to solving these conflicts. "Certain changes would encourage us to make healthier and more environmentally friendly dietary decisions," says Springmann, "like putting a higher price lag on meat and making fresh fruits and vegetables cheaper. "In fact, clear solutions already exist for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the livestock industry. What is lacking is the will to implement those changes.8. What can we infer from the underlined sentence in the second paragraph?A. Driving cars is more dangerous than eating steaks in the US.B. Our dietary choices affecting climate change is often underestimated.C. People compare the greenhouse gas emissions of the cars and steaks.D. Cars affect the global warming more seriously than the steaks.9. Why does Peter Alexander mention the sheep?A. To show the important impact of livestock on the environment.B. To show his work as a researcher in the socio-ecological systemsC. To encourage people to take all the sheep back for environmental purpose.D. To point out the negative impact of the sheep on the biodiversity.10. Which saying can best show the author's attitude to livestock?A. It is hard to please all.B. Don't put all your eggs in one basket.C. One cannnot see the wood for the trees.D. Everything is a double-edged sword.11. Where is this text most likely from?A. A biology textbook.B. A health magazine.C. A scientific journal.D. An educational review.【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. CDAccording to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they're stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, it's not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets. It’s also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women's family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren't more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it's only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.12. What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey?A. They have to do more to distinguish themselves.B. They have to strive harder to win their positionsC. They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.D. They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.13. What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles?A. They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.B. They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.C. Their failures may have something to do with family duties.D. Relatively few are affected in their career advancement.14. What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey?A. Personality traitsB. Gender bias.C. Family responsibilities.D. Lack of vacancies.15. What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future?A. More and more women will sit in the boardroom.B. Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.C. The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.D. People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders.【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. D广东省韶关市2021届高三综合测试英语试题第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D选项中，选出最佳选项。
03选择性高考题型综合训练(人教版2019)
03选择性必修第一册高考题型综合训练一、阅读理解（一）Marie Curie, born in Sklodovka, Poland in 1876, led a hard life as a girl. Her parents, both teachers, had small salaries and were quite poor, especially after her mother stopped teaching to raise five children and take care of her poor health.Marie’s mother suffered from tuberculosis (肺结核) and died of it when Marie was ten. When Marie was small, she showed great interest in science. She loved to study and hoped to bee a scientist when she grew up. Her parents encouraged her interest in science. Excellent as she was in her studies, she couldn’t go on with the advanced education she needed because Poland was then ruled by Russia and women were not permitted to go to college.In order to continue her education, she smoothed away many difficulties and entered Paris University, where she lived a simple life and studied hard, so she graduated with the highest grades in her class.After graduation she was engaged in scientific research in Paris University.There she met Pierre Curie, whom she married. Pierre joined her in her research into an unknown phenomenon “radiation”, which a certain scientist had declared that uranium gave off. The Curie spent several years trying their best to find the element that produced radiation.Finally they succeeded in 1902.Marie Curie won two Nobel Prizes, one for physics in 1906, together with her husband and another scientist; the other for chemistry herself in 1911. Madame Curie was a scientist of great achievement, and the first woman ever to be honored in the Nobel Prize history.1．When Marie was young,her family became poorer because________.A．the family had five children B．Marie’s mother gave up her jobC．Marie’s father had a small salary D．the family was cruelly taxed by the Russians 2．Marie couldn’t continue the advanced education because_______.A．she wanted to help her father to support the familyB．her father couldn’t afford to send her to collegeC．colleges in Poland would not take women as students thenD．her grades were very poor3．What proves Marie was the best student in her class is that________.A．her grades were the highest in her classB．she smoothed away many difficulties and entered Paris UniversityC．she did research work after her graduationD．she won the Nobel Prize finally4．The best title for this passage is _______.A．Madame Curie’s Interest in Science B．Madame Curie and RadiationC．Marie Curie’s Childhood D．A Brief Introduction of Madame Curie’s Life 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。
家庭智能机器人是否是个好主意英语作文
家庭智能机器人是否是个好主意英语作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Are Home Robots a Good Idea?Ever since I can remember, robots have always fascinated me. The idea of having a machine that can think and move on its own seems like something straight out of a science fiction movie! But now, with companies developing home robots, that futuristic dream might become a reality sooner than we think.篇2Are Home Robots a Good Idea?Hi there! My name is Jamie and I'm 10 years old. Today, I want to share my thoughts on home robots. Are they really a good idea, or are they more trouble than they're worth?I first learned about home robots from watching science fiction movies and TV shows. You know, those cool human-like machines that can talk, follow commands, and do chores around the house. How awesome would that be to have your own robotpal to help out and keep you company? At first, I thought having a home robot was the coolest idea ever!But then I started thinking about it more carefully. Would a home robot really make my life that much easier, or would it actually create more problems? There are some big pros and cons to consider.On the plus side, a home robot could be really handy for helping with household chores. Vacuuming, dusting, doing laundry, loading the dishwasher - those tasks are so boring! If I had a robot to do them for me, I'd have way more free time to play video games, read comics, or hang out with my friends. My mom is always nagging me to clean my room, but with a robot's help, it would stay spotless. How great is that?A home robot could also be super fun to interact with. If it was advanced enough with artificial intelligence to understand human language and have conversations, it could be like having a smart digital buddy. We could chat, joke around, or work on my homework together. That's way more appealing than just mindlessly browsing the internet when I'm bored.Some home robots are even designed to provide companionship, almost like a pet. For kids who can't have a dog or cat due to allergies or apartment rules, a robot pal could fillthat void. I've always wanted a puppy, but my dad is allergic. If I could have an robotic dog instead, that would be the next best thing! Robots don't need to be fed, walked, or take trips to the vet. Imagine how much easier that would be.However, there are also some major downsides to home robots that make me skeptical. First off, they're extremely expensive, like thousands of dollars. Does a regular family like mine really need to spend that much money on a robot just to make our lives a bit more convenient? Wouldn't that money be better spent on more important things, like saving for a family vacation, paying bills, or donating to charity?Secondly, home robots raise a lot of privacy and security issues that worry me. These machines would have cameras and microphones to see and hear everything in our house. What if they get hacked by hackers? Those criminals could basically spy on us through the robot's eyes and ears. Or what if the robot's facial recognition system gets confused and lets a stranger into our home thinking they're a family member? So unsafe!Another major concern is robots replacing human jobs and interactions. If we let robots do ALL the housework and chores, wouldn't that make us lazy and overly dependent on them? Childhood is when we're supposed to learn responsibility bydoing tasks like making our bed or cleaning our room. If I had a robot helping me with everything, I might grow up expecting to be waited on hand and foot. That's not going to prepare me well for being a self-sufficient adult.And finally, a big worry is robots going haywire if there's a software glitch or error. We've all seen the sci-fi movie scenes of robots running amok and becoming a threat to humans. What if my robot pal has a meltdown and starts acting weird or even violent? It's a terrifying thought! It would be smarter and safer just to rely on good old human helpers rather than relatively untested robot technology.So in conclusion, while the idea of home robots seems fun and futuristic, I don't think my family needs one anytime soon. They're incredibly expensive, have privacy risks, could make us lazy, might replace human workers, and could potentially malfunction in scary ways. Sure, having a robot buddy to keep me company and help with chores sounds awesome in theory. But in reality, I think the cons outweigh the pros for now. Maybe once the technology is cheaper and more proven to be safe, home robots could be reconsidered. But for the time being, I'm happy keeping my home robot-free! Let me know what you think too. Do you agree or disagree with me on this topic?篇3Are Home Robots a Good Idea?Hi there! My name is Emily and I'm 10 years old. Today I want to talk to you about robots that some people have started using in their homes. These are called home robots or household robots. Some examples are robot vacuums that clean your floors, robot lawnmowers that mow your yard, and even little robot assistants that can do things like read stories, answer questions, and control your home devices just by talking to them! Pretty cool, right?Well, I've been thinking a lot about these home robots lately. Are they actually a good idea to have around the house? Or are they more trouble than they're worth? I've made a list of some pros and cons to try and figure it out. Let me walk you through it.Pros of Home RobotsThey can make chores easierOne of the big advantages of home robots is that they can help out with household chores and tasks. Robot vacuums and mowers mean you don't have to spend as much time cleaning. Robot assistants can set reminders, make lists, control lights andtemperatures, and more just by you asking out loud. That could save a lot of time and effort!They are fun and interactiveMany home robots these days are designed to be cute, friendly, and interactive. Robot assistants can play games, tell jokes and stories, and even learn about your personal preferences over time. For kids like me, having a robot pal to hang out with could be really fun and entertaining.They promote innovationAs new home robot technologies are developed and improved, it drives innovation in fields like artificial intelligence, robotics, and automation. This could lead to useful spin-off technologies and scientific advances that benefit society.They can provide assistanceFor elderly people or those with disabilities, home robots could be very helpful for accomplishing daily tasks and maintaining independence. Robotic assistants could remind them to take medications, keep track of their schedule, or call for help in an emergency.Cons of Home RobotsThey raise privacy concernsTo function well, home robots often need to collect a lot of data about your home, daily routines, personal preferences, and more. This gives companies that make the robots access to that private information, which many people feel uncomfortable about. What if that data got hacked or misused?They could replace human jobsIf home robots automated too many household tasks, it could potentially put some human workers out of jobs - like housecleaners, landscapers, nursing assistants, etc. We have to be careful not to overly-rely on robots for jobs that humans can do.They are expensiveFor now at least, home robots tend to be pretty expensive - often hundreds or thousands of dollars. That puts them out of reach for many families on a budget. The costs could come down over time, but early adoption is pricey.They require maintenanceLike any machine, home robots need regular software updates, parts replacements, battery recharges, and general maintenance to keep working properly. This adds an ongoinghassle and cost that traditional non-robotic household tools don't require.They could malfunctionEven with maintenance, robots ultimately are machines that could glitch, lose power, or encounter other technical issues that render them useless. You can't always count on them working reliably when needed.So those are some of the key pros and cons I've identified when it comes to having home robots. In my opinion, the pros somewhat outweigh the cons - but only if the privacy concerns and potential job losses can be responsibly managed. Robots could make my life easier and more fun, while also being an amazing new technology to learn about and get exposure to. But we have to be thoughtful about how we adopt them into our homes.My dream is to one day be a robotics engineer myself! I'm fascinated by robots and artificial intelligence, and I'd love to help create cool new home robots that could assist people in convenient and ethical ways. Of course, I still have a lot to learn. But for now, I'll settle for just convincing my parents to buy us a cute little robot assistant for our household. Hopefully this essay helped explain some of the important factors to consider first.Let me know what you think - are home robots a good idea or not?篇4Is Having a Home Robot a Good Idea?Hey there! My name is Emma, and I'm a 10-year-old kid who loves science and technology. Recently, I've been hearing a lot about home robots, and I can't help but wonder if having one would be a good idea or not. So, let me share my thoughts with you!First of all, what exactly is a home robot? Well, it's like a little helper that can do all sorts of things around the house. Some robots are designed to clean floors, vacuum carpets, and even wash dishes! Others can assist with cooking, gardening, or even keeping an eye on the house when everyone's away. Basically, they're like having an extra pair of hands (or a hundred hands!) to make our lives easier.Now, let's talk about the pros of having a home robot. One of the biggest advantages, in my opinion, is that it can save us a ton of time! Imagine not having to worry about doing chores like cleaning or laundry anymore. With a robot helper, we could spend that time playing, reading, or doing other fun activitiesinstead. Plus, robots are super efficient and can do tasks way faster than we can.Another great thing about home robots is that they can make our lives safer. For example, some robots can detect fires, gas leaks, or intruders, and alert the proper authorities. They can also remind us to take our medicines or even call for help in case of an emergency. Pretty cool, right?But wait, there's more! Home robots can also be excellent companions, especially for people who live alone or have disabilities. They can engage in conversations, play games, or even provide emotional support. Imagine having a robot buddy to keep you company or help you out whenever you need it!Now, let's look at the other side of the coin – the cons of having a home robot. One of the biggest concerns people have is the cost. Home robots can be pretty expensive, especially the really advanced ones. Not everyone can afford to have one, which might create an unfair advantage for those who can.Privacy is another issue that's often brought up. Some people worry that home robots might invade their privacy or collect too much personal data. It's important for robot companies to ensure that our privacy is protected and that any data collected is used responsibly.There's also the question of job displacement. If robots start taking over household tasks, what will happen to people who work in those fields, like cleaners or gardeners? It's a valid concern, and we need to find ways to retrain and support those who might be affected.Lastly, there's the fear that robots might become too advanced and start acting on their own, without human control. While this might sound like a sci-fi movie plot, it's a legitimate worry for some people. Proper safety measures and ethical guidelines need to be in place to prevent any potential issues.So, what's my verdict? Well, after weighing the pros and cons, I think having a home robot could be a really good idea, but only if certain conditions are met. First, the cost needs to be affordable for most families, not just the wealthy. Second, our privacy and personal data must be protected at all costs. Third, there should be programs in place to help workers who might be displaced by robots, so they can find new jobs or receive training.If those conditions are met, then I believe home robots could be amazing! They could make our lives so much easier and more efficient, freeing up time for us to pursue our passions and spendquality time with our loved ones. Plus, they could provide companionship and assistance to those who need it most.Imagine having a robot buddy who can help you with your homework, remind you to brush your teeth, and even play games with you. How cool would that be? Or imagine having a robot assistant that can take care of all the chores while you're at school, so you can come home to a clean house and have more time to play outside with your friends.The possibilities are endless, and I'm really excited to see how home robot technology develops in the years to come. Who knows, maybe someday every household will have their own personal robot assistant!For now, I'll keep dreaming of the day when I can have my very own robot friend. But until then, I'll just have to rely on my trusty old laptop and my own two hands to get things done. Hey, at least I'm getting plenty of practice for when the robots do take over!篇5Are Home Robots a Good Idea?Hi, my name is Jamie and I'm 10 years old. My teacher Mrs. Wilson gave us a fun writing assignment to share our thoughts on home robots. This is such an exciting topic! I've seen robots in movies and TV shows, and I think they look really cool. But are they actually a good idea to have in real homes? Let me share my thoughts.On the one hand, I can see how home robots could be super helpful. My mom is always saying how there's never enough time in the day to get everything done. With a robot assistant, maybe she wouldn't be so stressed and tired all the time. The robot could help out with chores like vacuuming, dusting, doing laundry, and loading the dishwasher. How awesome would it be to come home from school to a clean house without your mom having to lift a finger?Robots could also be great for keeping an eye on kids when parents aren't around. My little brother is only 5 and gets into everything. Having a robot watch him and make sure he doesn't get into trouble would give my parents some peace of mind. And the robot could play games with us, read stories, and even help with homework. Forget hiring an expensive tutor or babysitter!Plus, how fun would it be to have your own robot buddy to hang out with? Robots seem to have really cool capabilities likebeing able to access all kinds of information online, take video and pictures, and even dance or tell jokes. I'd love to have a robot friend to explore the world with.On the other hand, I have some concerns about home robots too. For one thing, what if they malfunction or get hacked by bad people? We see stories in the movies of robots going haywire and causing all kinds of chaos and destruction. While that's just fiction, I could see how bugs or viruses could cause real problems with home robots. Maybe it would start acting weird or not following instructions properly. That could be dangerous, especially if it's big and strong enough to hurt someone.Then there's the cost factor. My parents are always saying how expensive everything is these days. I can only imagine that home robots wouldn't exactly be cheap, at least not the really advanced ones that can do a lot of tasks. Poor families might not be able to afford them at all. It wouldn't be fair if only rich people get to experience the benefits of robot assistants.There are also privacy issues to consider. These robots would need to have cameras and microphones to see and hear what's going on so they can figure out how to help. But I'm not sure I'd love the idea of a robot constantly watching and recordingeverything in our home. That could be an invasion of privacy and used for creepy things by bad people.Finally, I worry that having too much help from robots could make humans lazy or cause our skills to get rusty. If we let robots do all our chores and tasks for us, will we forget how to do basic things? Overreliance on technology and robots isn't always the healthiest, at least in my opinion. We should probably still do some work ourselves to exercise our bodies and brains.So those are some of the key pros and cons to think about when it comes to home robots. I'm definitely intrigued by the idea and would love to have one, but I can also understand some of the big risks and downsides we'd need to be aware of.Maybe home robots could start out just being used for some basic household chores and tasks. That way we could slowly get used to having them around and learn how to interact with them properly and safely. The companies making home robots would need to make sure they have proper security and instructions to prevent anything dangerous from happening.As the technology improves and becomes more affordable over time, robots could potentially take on more responsibilities like tutoring, entertaining, and light supervision. But I don't think we should become over-reliant on them, at least not at first.We're still humans after all, not robots ourselves! Let's embrace their assistance but make sure we maintain our own skills and independence too.There's still a lot for scientists and engineers to figure out, but I'm really excited to see where home robot technology could go in the future. Maybe by the time I'm a grown-up, we'll have safe and affordable robot butlers as common as having a dishwasher or microwave today. For now, I'll just keep watching movies about robots and dreaming about the possibilities!篇6Is a Family Intelligent Robot a Good Idea?Hi everyone! Today, I want to talk about something really cool — a family intelligent robot! Have you ever heard of it? It's like having a smart friend who can help us with many things at home. But is it a good idea? Let's find out!Firstly, having a family intelligent robot can be super helpful. Imagine if you forget to turn off the lights when you leave a room — no problem! The robot can do it for you. It can also help with cleaning, cooking, and even reminding us to do our homework. Isn't that amazing? It's like having an extra pair of hands!Secondly, a family intelligent robot can make our lives safer. It can keep an eye on our house when we are not there and notify our parents if something goes wrong. It can also help us during emergencies by calling for help or giving us important information. Knowing that we have a robot to protect us can give us peace of mind.Moreover, a family intelligent robot can be a great companion. Sometimes, we may feel lonely or bored, especially when our parents are busy. But with a robot friend, we will always have someone to talk to and play with. It can tell us stories, play games, and even teach us new things. It's like having a fun and smart buddy!However, there are also some concerns about having a family intelligent robot. Some people worry that it may take away jobs from humans. For example, if robots do all the cooking and cleaning, what will happen to the people who work in those fields? It's important to think about how robots can help us without causing harm to others.Another concern is about privacy. The robot will be inside our homes and it may have access to personal information. We need to make sure that our data is safe and that the robotdoesn't share it with anyone else. It's crucial to have strong security measures in place.In conclusion, a family intelligent robot can be a good idea if used wisely. It can help us with tasks, make our lives safer, and be a great companion. However, we should also consider the impact on jobs and privacy. It's important to find a balance and ensure that robots are used ethically and responsibly. So, what do you think? Are you ready for a robot friend at home?Remember, robots are cool, but human connections are irreplaceable. Let's embrace technology while cherishing the love and care from our family and friends!Word count: 329 words。
用纳米级手抓东西作文
用纳米级手抓东西作文英文回答：Nano-scale robotic hand for grasping objects.Recently, there has been significant progress in the field of nanotechnology, particularly in the development of nano-scale robotic hands. These miniature robotic hands have the ability to grasp and manipulate objects at the atomic and molecular level. In this essay, I will discuss the advantages and potential applications of such technology.Firstly, the precision and dexterity of these nano-scale robotic hands are unparalleled. Due to their small size, they can access hard-to-reach areas and perform intricate tasks with ease. For example, imagine a scenario where a surgeon needs to remove a blood clot from adelicate blood vessel. With the assistance of a nano-scale robotic hand, the surgeon can navigate through the narrowvessel and precisely remove the clot without causing any damage.Furthermore, these robotic hands can be used in various industries, such as manufacturing and assembly lines. They can handle fragile components and perform tasks with high accuracy. For instance, in the electronics industry, nano-scale robotic hands can be used to assemble microchips, ensuring that each component is placed correctly and securely.Additionally, nano-scale robotic hands have the potential to revolutionize the field of drug delivery. With their precise control and ability to manipulate individual molecules, these hands can be used to transport drugs to specific targets within the body. This targeted drug delivery system would minimize side effects and maximize the effectiveness of treatments.In conclusion, nano-scale robotic hands offer immense potential in various fields. Their precision, dexterity, and ability to manipulate objects at the atomic level makethem invaluable tools. From surgery to manufacturing and drug delivery, these hands have the capability to improve efficiency and accuracy. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see even more applications for these incredible nano-scale robotic hands.中文回答：纳米级手抓东西。
湖南省长沙市长郡中学2023-2024学年高三上学期月考卷(四)英语试题
湖南省长沙市长郡中学2023-2024学年高三上学期月考卷（四）英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解The following are a series of new parks that have opened around the world in the last two years.Katmandu Park, Punta Cana, Dominican RepublicOpened in March 2023 on the east coast of the Dominican Republic, the park is full of mystery. According to legend, explorer Kilgore Goode was on an adventure through Nepal when he came across the “Desirata” jewel, protected by a fierce yeti(雪人).Tickets from $120 for adults; $85 for children.Ghibli Park, JapanLocated outside of Nagoya, Japan, Ghibli Park opened in late 2022. Within the 17.5 forested ground of the Expo 2005, guests will find five areas that recreate several animated(栩栩如生的)famous scenes.Tickets from $15 for adults; $7.50 for children.Peppa Pig Theme Park, FloridaThe world’s first Peppa Pig Theme Park opened in 2022 in Winter Haven, Florida, and has been delighting children ever since. Dedicated to the classic British animated TV show, where little Peppa has everyday adventures with her friends and family, the 4.5-acre park welcomes pint-sized guests with well-designed, multi-sensory activities across six playscapes.Tickets from $34 for adults; $25 for children.Genting SkyWorlds Theme Park, MalaysiaLocated within Resorts World Genting, about an hour’s drive from Malaysia’s capital Kuala Lumpur, Genting SkyWorlds Theme Park opened in February 2022. Across the 26-acre park, which cost $800 million and took nearly 10 years to create, visitors will find 26 attractions across nine areas inspired by movies and explorations.Tickets from $34 for adults; $29 for children.1．How much will the Smiths with their two children pay to visit Ghibli Park?A．$30.B．$37.5.C．$45.D．$118.2．What can we know about Genting SkyWorlds Theme Park?A．It is located in Asia.B．It has been opened for ten years.C．It is the biggest theme park in the world.D．It has nine attractions in all.3．What do the four parks have in common?A．They were all built in the same year.B．They are all involved in adventures.C．They all took a long time to create.D．They are all family-friendly parks.At only 8 years old, Kayzen Hunter has already displayed more character than some people ever manage. It all started about a year ago when the child became a regular diner at the Waffle House in Little Rock, Arkansas. His family goes for breakfast there at least once a week, and they always choose to sit in a certain waiter’s section.Devonte Gardner is a father of two who works hard for his living. He always has a smile on his face, and he quickly formed a friendly relationship with Kayzen and his family. “I come with a positive attitude,” Devonte said. “I treat everybody with smile. I also love to see everybody smile.” His kindness affected Kayzen. “Devonte is just a really nice person,” he explained. “Really good guy. Super nice to everyone he meets.”After a year of contact, the child’s family learned the truth behind Devonte’s bright smile. Devonte, his wife, and their two young daughters have been living in a cheap motel for the past eight months. Their former apartment was filled with bugs and had black mold(黑霉), which made his kids sick. Every cent Devonte makes goes toward keeping his children fed, clothed, and housed, and the struggle was overwhelming. Since he can’t afford a car, he also walks to and from work every day. Even so, he showed up at work every day with a smile on his face, ready to serve and make friends with customers like Kayzen.Kayzen knew right away that he wanted to help his friend. He went home and told his mom, Vittoria Hunter, that he wanted to start a GoFundMe to help Devonte get money for a new car.“Devonte is one of the most joyous and positive people you’ve ever met!” Vittoria and Kayzen wrote on the GoFundMe. “He always greets us with the biggest smile. I hope you will help me spread kindness in the world. ” Their initial goal was $5,000, but word quickly spread in their community. The GoFundMe currently sits at over $100,000!4．Why are Kayzen and his family mentioned in paragraph 1?A．To explain the importance of a smile.B．To show the great popularity of the restaurant.C．To introduce the main character of the text.D．To present the relationship of characters.5．What’s paragraph 3 mainly about?A．The influence of Devonte’s smile on Kayzen.B．The tough situation of Devonte and his family.C．The reason why Devonte always wears a smile.D．The process and result of Kayzen’s investigation.6．What motivated Kayzen to start the GoFundMe?A．Devonte’s positive attitude.B．Devonte’s financial struggle.C．Devonte’s love for seeing smiles.D．Devonte’s relationship with his family. 7．Which of the following can best describe both Devonte and Kayzen?A．Sociable and positive.B．Stressful but optimistic.C．Helpful and kind-hearted.D．Unfortunate but warm-hearted.Inspired by the effortless way humans handle objects without seeing them, a team led by engineers at the University of California San Diego has developed a new approach that enables a robotic hand to rotate (旋转) objects solely through touch, without relying on vision.Using their technique, the researchers built a robotic hand that can smoothly rotate a wide variety of objects, from small toys, cans to even fruits and vegetables, without bruising or damaging them. The robotic hand accomplished these tasks using only information based on touch. The work could aid in the development of robots that can manipulate objects in the dark.To build their system, the researchers attached 16 touch sensors to the palm and fingers of a four-fingered robotic hand. Each sensor costs about $12 and serves a simple function: detect whether an object is touching it or not.What makes this approach unique is that it relies on many low-cost touch sensors that use simple, binary (二进制的) signals—touch or no touch—to perform robotic in-hand rotation. These sensors are spread over a large area of the robotic hand. This contrasts with a variety of other approaches that rely on a few high-cost touch sensors affixed to a small area of the robotic hand, primarily at the fingertips.The researchers then tested their system on the real-life robotic hand with objects that the system has not yet encountered. The robotic hand was able to rotate a variety of objects without stalling or losing its hold. The objects included a tomato, pepper, a can of peanut butter and a toy rubber duck, which was the most challenging object due to its shape.The researchers are now working on extending their approach to more complex manipulation tasks. They are currently developing techniques to enable robotic hands to catch, throw and juggle, for example. “If we can give robots this skill, that will open the door to the kinds of tasks they can perform,” said one of the researchers.8．What does the underlined word “manipulate” probably mean?A．Remove.B．Control.C．Recognize.D．Distribute.9．What can we know about the touch sensors of the robotic hand?A．They are quite expensive.B．They are mainly in its fingertips.C．They perform complex tasks.D．They cover most of its area.10．Why is the toy rubber duck difficult for a robotic hand to rotate?A．It’s never been seen by robots.B．It has an unusual shape.C．It has a unique smell.D．It can damage robots.11．What are researchers probably focusing on at present?A．Upgrading robotic hand skills.B．Diversifying robotic hand shapes.C．Developing more new research tasks.D．Seeking new ways to develop robots.A new museum in Mexico aims to educate the public about the critically endangered salamander (蝾螈). The museum recently opened at Chapultepec Zoo in Mexico City.The salamander is native only to Mexico. The animal is extremely endangered in the wild because its natural environment is increasingly threatened. The salamander has captured wide attention for its ability to heal itself when its body gets harmed. For example, the animal can regrow legs and damaged tissue. It can even repair problems affecting the heart and brain. Scientists have also documented how the salamander can breathe with lungs and gills. It can also take in oxygen through its skin. This can cause problems if the animal comes in contact with polluted water.“They are one of the few animals that can regenerate their skin, muscles, bones, blood vessels, nerves, heart and brain,” said Gual, a conservation official at the zoo. Speaking aboutthe museum, Gual said he sees it as a valuable tool to inform citizens about the unusual creature. “A hugely important part of this space is environmental education,” he said.In the past, salamanders did very well in Xochimilco’s muddy canals. The canals are the only remaining part of a once large waterway system dating back to Aztec times. But studies have shown the spread of cities, polluted water and non-native fish that eat the salamanders have led to their near-total collapse.As the museum opened to its first visitors, the salamander’s popularity with the public was very clear. “The truth is I’m very, very, very, very excited to be able to see how they eat, how they live, just how they are,” said one visitor named Fernando. The man, who did not want to give his last name, showed off a small salamander tattoo he had on his arm. “I’m marked for life,” he said.12．What makes salamanders gain considerable attention?A．Their ability to cure themselves.B．Their being in extreme danger in the wild.C．Their ability to breathe with all organs.D．Their serious habitat loss.13．What can we know about salamanders in paragraph 4?A．Their previous condition.B．Their favorite habitats.C．Reasons for their being endangered.D．Their advantages over other animals. 14．What’s Fernando’s attitude towards visiting the new museum?A．Confused.B．Delighted.C．Worried.D．Curious.15．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．A New Museum in Mexico Is Open to Animal LoversB．More and More Wildlife Is Endangered in MexicoC．Endangered Animals Should Be Protected in the MuseumD．A Museum Aims to Help Save Endangered Salamanders二、七选五you develop your own design style and give you the opportunity to work with other aspiring designers.The fashion industry is one of the most creative and competitive industries in the world.17 To be successful in this industry you need to have a strong creative vision, be able to identify trends and have the ability to translate your ideas into wearable designs.18 They will also give you an insight into the industry, what it is like to work asa fashion designer, and the different career paths that you can take.There are many different courses in fashion design available, so it is important to choose one that is right for you. Look for a course that will teach you about the different aspects of fashion design, from sketching and pattern-making to garment construction and fabric manipulation. 19 This will ensure that you are learning from people who understand the industry and can give you insider tips and advice.Fashion design courses are important not only for those looking to enter the fashion industry but also for those who want to expand their knowledge of fashion. The skills learned in these courses can be applied to other areas of life, such as helping you to dress better for your professional life or improving your sense of style. If you are interested in fashion and want to learn more about it, then taking a course in fashion design is a great way to do this.20A．Fashion design is about making clothes.B．They can teach you about the history and theory of fashion.C．A career in fashion design can be rewarding but also challenging.D．Courses in fashion design can help you develop all of these skills.E．Courses in fashion design can be found at many different colleges and universities.F．It is also important to find a course that is taught by experienced fashion designers.G．It can also be a lot of fun and you might even make some great friends along the way.三、完形填空Zhang Yuan, living in a small mountain village, is a hardworking fellow. He is alwaysanything, simply enjoying the beauty of the moment. Zhang understood that the butterfly’s stillness (宁静) was what26 it to obey the universe. From that moment on, Zhang made it his 27 to develop stillness in his own mind. Every day he spent hours meditating and 28 all his anxieties. Soon, Zhang found the journey towards stillness was a long and 29 one. But he made up his mind to 30 on this path. He believed that with patience and 31 he could also experience the beauty of obeying the universe just like the butterfly did. As he continued to 32 , he came to understand life is too short to worry about things beyond 33 and that everyone should 34 what they already have. With this newfound understanding, he was 35 to find peace and satisfaction in every moment.21．A．release B．explore C．clarify D．define 22．A．dancing B．singing C．kicking D．working 23．A．secretly B．effortlessly C．cautiously D．frequently 24．A．imagined B．confirmed C．predicted D．realized 25．A．struggle B．agree C．refuse D．hesitate 26．A．forced B．allowed C．required D．advised 27．A．hobby B．profession C．mission D．honor 28．A．making up for B．looking down on C．putting up with D．letting go of 29．A．difficult B．different C．magical D．strange 30．A．observe B．think C．learn D．continue 31．A．confidence B．determination C．honesty D．gratitude 32．A．move B．share C．practice D．research 33．A．belief B．description C．control D．recognition 34．A．accept B．keep C．abandon D．treasure 35．A．proud B．willing C．anxious D．able四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
高三英语询问技术创新单选题50题
高三英语询问技术创新单选题50题1. Many tech companies are investing heavily in ______ to improve data security.A. artificial intelligenceB. blockchainC. virtual realityD. augmented reality答案：B。
解析：本题考查新兴科技词汇的理解。
A选项人工智能主要用于模拟人类智能，如语音识别、图像识别等，与数据安全关联不大。
B选项区块链是一种分布式账本技术，以其安全性和不可篡改的特性被广泛用于数据安全领域，符合题意。
C选项虚拟现实主要是创建虚拟环境，与数据安全不是直接相关。
D选项增强现实是将虚拟信息叠加到现实世界，和数据安全关系不紧密。
2. The ______ technology has made it possible for self - driving cars to navigate complex roads.A. 5GB. cloud computingC. big dataD. Internet of Things答案：A。
解析：5G技术具有低延迟、高带宽等特性，这些特性使得自动驾驶汽车能够在复杂的道路上进行导航，因为它能快速传输数据。
B选项云计算主要是提供计算资源的网络服务，与自动驾驶汽车导航关系不直接。
C选项大数据侧重于数据的收集、存储和分析，不是直接助力自动驾驶导航的关键。
D选项物联网强调设备之间的连接，并非自动驾驶汽车导航的最主要技术支持。
3. Tech startups are exploring the potential of ______ in the field of medical diagnosis.A. quantum computingB. gene editingC. nanotechnologyD. all of the above答案：D。
广东省深圳市龙岗区2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末考试 英语含答案
龙岗区2023-2024学年第一学期高一期末质量监测英语试卷（答案在最后）注意事项：1.本试卷共8页，满分130分，考试用时120分钟。
2.答题前，请将学校、班级、姓名和考号用规定的笔写在答题卡指定的位置上，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡的贴条形码区。
请保持条形码整洁、不污损。
3.本卷试题，考生必须在答题卡上按规定作答；凡在试卷、草稿纸上作答的，其答案一律无效。
答题卡必须保持清洁，不能折叠。
4.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡选择题答题区内对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；非选择题答案必须用规定的笔，按作答题目的序号，写在答题卡非选择题答题区内。
5.考试结束，请将答题卡交回。
第一部分基础知识（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）单项选择从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.During the Spring Festival,Chinese people always prepare various________,such as lanterns,to make their houses more beautiful.A.activitiesB.presentsC.snacksD.decorations2.To create a win-win situation,China has decided to________up with other developing countries to build a shared future.A.breakeC.putD.team3.As a single mother,Mary________to support her family and won her children’s respect.A.hesitatedB.struggledC.happenedD.refused4.To get detailed information,the research team will look at a study________in2021.A.conductedB.builtC.contactedD.observed5.The mother and her kids________rushed to save the poor cat as the man put it out on the street.A.typicallyB.currentlyC.immediatelyD.frequently6.In order to move forward in life,we must learn to________those who have deeply hurt us.A.improveB.admireC.supportD.forgive7.It is important for drivers to be________of and follow traffic laws to ensure the safety of themselves and others on the road.A.awareB.fondC.afraidD.ashamed8.________,she realized that she had left her passport at home just as she arrived at the airport.A.On purposeB.In panicC.After allD.In advance9.The museum hosted an exhibition________the artist’s contributions to the art world.A.in charge ofB.in honour ofC.in spite ofD.in search of10.—I’m thinking about applying for the job in Beijing.What do you think?—________.It is a great chance for you.A.My pleasureB.It dependsC.Never mindD.Go ahead11.Though it rained heavily,they decided to________and continue their hike.A.brave the elementsB.kill two birds with one stoneC.have a frog in their throatD.throw the baby out with the bathwater12.His________look quickly turned into relief when he realized it was just a dog.A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightD.frighten13.Some people don’t enjoy humorous movies.You cannot say they are boring;they________just have different tastes for movies.A.mustB.mayC.shouldD.would14.Start of Winter is the first solar term of winter,________means winter is coming.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.that15.Currently,young people are attracted by small theatres,________they can enjoy various live shows.A.whenB.whoC.whereD.which16.When we________a foreign language,we had better practise speaking and listening skills to achieve fluency.A.learningB.to learnC.learnD.had learntst night,I________a shower when I heard a loud noise.A.was takingB.tookC.have takenD.take18.Over the years,China________great progress in reducing poverty and improving the standard of living for millions of people.A.madeB.makesC.is makingD.has made19.She waited in line for hours to buy concert tickets,only________that they were already sold out.A.to have foundB.findingC.to findD.having found20.While________great importance to the development of Al,the Chinese government realizes that technologiesincluding AI have two sides.A.attachingB.attachedC.to attachD.attaches第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
新技术可以监测牛干活通过监测告诉农民的英语阅读理解
新技术可以监测牛干活通过监测告诉农民的英语阅读理解An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that’s relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.【翻译】一位澳大利亚教授正在开发一种机器人来监测放牧牛的健康状况，这一新技术的开发可能会给几十年来主要依赖低技术方法且现在又面临劳动力短缺的行业带来巨大变化。
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.【翻译】悉尼大学教授 Salah Sukkarieh 认为，鉴于养牛人的不断老龄化，使用机器人是有必要的。
大学英语四级Passage 18解析
Passage1846.题干：What does the author say about the threat of robots?题干翻译：关于机器人的威胁，作者说了什么？抄写定位句：This danger can be avoided…if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.翻译定位句：如果我们能想出办法将人类的价值观转化成可编程的代码，这种危险就可以避免。
抄写正选：C)It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.翻译正选：如果把人类价值观转化成机器人语言，就可以避免它们的威胁。
正选解析：根据题干信息the threat of robots定位到第一段第一句：As artificial intelligence(AI)becomes increasingly sophisticated,there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat.这句话只能对应到D 项，但二者的不同之处在于：原文是robots could become a threat（机器人可能会成为一种威胁），而D项是it has become…（机器人的威胁已经成为），前者是可能成为，后者是已经成为，时态不一致，排除。
第一次定位没能解决问题，找第二次定位，我们看第二句话（因为this danger=the threat of robot）：This danger can be avoided,according to computer science professorStuart Russell,if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.需要注意的是，虽然这句话是Stuart Russell的观点，但由于后面没有出现转折，因此，这是作者在引用他人观点表达自己观点，符合题干要求（what does the author say）。
2021年高三英语 阅读温习第三期 科普知识与现代技术7(1)
2021年高三英语阅读温习第三期科普知识与现代技术7【导读】本文讲述了机械人苍蝇的研发，面临的困难和前景。
A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components(元件), ”said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perf orm well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot wi th these tiny components can be built and manufactured.While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goalis eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said. Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, th e power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis.”【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文，讲述机械人苍蝇的研发，面临的困难和前景。
【英语听力】野生犬类会对人类手势做出反应
【英语听力】野生犬类会对人类手势做出反应Feral Dogs Respond to Human Hand CuesThis is Scientific American’s 60-second Science, I’m Susanne Bard.Dogs began to diverge from wolves tens of thousands of years ago, when their wild ancestors started interacting with humans. Over time, domestication shaped canine behavior, and today dogs are especially adept at understanding cues from humans. For example, when a person points at a bowl, a pet dog will usually approach it. “All kinds of complex pointing gestures have been tried with pet dogs, and they seem to be good at it.” Behavioral biologist Anindita Bhadra of the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research.Wolves are a different story, however. “When the same experiments are done with semi-captive wolves, wolves seem to be quite bad at it. So there’s this big open question of ‘How did dogs become dogs?’” Bhadra is interested in whether dogs require training to understand cues like pointing or if the behavior is innate. Most studies have focused on pet dogs in developed countries. But Bhadra thinks it’s a mistake to overlook how stray dogs respond to human cues. “In India, we have a huge population of stray dogs. They’re not controlled by humans. And they live on the streets for generations. So we felt that the free-ranging dogs are a very nice system, which could give us inputs about what dogs could have been like before they came into our homes, before we made them parts of our families.“For the study, the researchers approached stray dogs on the streets of several Indian cities. One experimenter presented the dogs with a piece of raw chicken in a plastic bowl. About half of the time, the dogs ran away scared. But the friendlier dogs that stuck around were tested for their ability to respond to pointing. “And the idea was to test the innate ability of dogs to understand simple gestures like pointing cues when they have no training whatsoever.” Once a dog proved interested, the first experimenter put chicken in one of two bowls and covered both bowls. A second experimenter — who had no knowledge of which bowl contained the meat and thus could not give subconscious cue information —pointed at one of the bowls while the dog watched. “And then, in this experiment, about 80 percent actually followed the point and went to the bowl that we pointed toward.”That result was true whether the experimenter pointed at it just momentarily or for an extended period of time. Bhadra thinks this demonstration provides evidence that training is not required for dogs to understand complex pointing cues. The study is in the journal Frontiers in Psychology. Perhaps further studies with feral canines can help reveal more about what makes dogs our best friends — apparently even when a person and a dog have just met.Thanks for listening for Scientific American’s 60-second Science. I’m Susanne Bard.【参考译文】这里是《科学美国人》——60秒科学系列，我是苏珊娜·巴德。
2024年高考英语模拟卷(新高考I卷01)(考试版)A3
2024年高考英语第一次模拟考试（新高考I卷）01高三英语（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What will the man do at seven o’clock tomorrow evening?A．Phone the woman. B．Attend a meeting. C．Have supper.2．How much should the man pay for a dozen red roses now?A．15 dollars. B．17 dollars. C．20 dollars.3．When did the woman want to be a writer?A．When she was a kid.B．When she worked at a bookstore.C．When she had some books published.4．Where does the smell probably e from?A．The kitchen. B．The bedroom. C．The living room.5．What is the possible relationship between the speakers?A．Father and daughter. B．Mother and son. C．Husband and wife.第二节（共15小题;每小题1．5分，满分22．5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
11. Harada Hand: Design
The Harada robot hand shown inFigure 1. It has four fingers and a thumb builtto is approximate dimensions of the human hand (seeTable 1). Each of the four fingers has three links and three revolute joints to pitch the finger forward outof the planeof the palm. Each of the fingers each hasone motor supplying one independent DOF. The motor controls the finger by pulling a tendon cable over a carefully engineered pulley system that bends each joint approximately equally inangle. The joints can rotate each to 90 degrees in pitch, andare spring loaded to provide return torque when the tendon slackened. Finger lengths, weights andjoint is angle ranges are summarized inTable 1. The thumb has twolinks with tworevolute joints. As in eachfinger, it only hasone motor for actuation, but the motordrives 2 motions around 2 different joint axes in series. The thumb starts from a vertical position alongside the palm (as shown in 1). As the lead screw Fig. turns, the tendon system first rotates the basejoint 90 degrees to bring the thumb in front of the palm, and next hyper-extends the 2”d out to a maximum of 74 degrees from the plane of the joint palm (see Fig. 2). This limited motion of the thumb approximates one DOF motion of the human thumb and allows some grasps that require thumb in opposition to the fingers. However, it is the greatly restricted from the range of motiona real human thumb. of All motors and gearing located withinthe rigid palm. The motors are manufactured are by Namiki Precision JewelCompany, type 12CL-20N08G120 (15:1), with no load current maximum of 120 mA and starting torque 29.4 mN.m at 2.15A operated froma 5 V power a supply [13. They are controlled through computer interface which takes TTL level inputs representing commands for finger contraction and extension, and converts them to 5 V drive signals for each motor. Controlinputs can also be generated from myoelectric signals (muscle
Introduction I.
We report on the Harada hand, 5 degree of freedom (DOF) robotic hand designed and a constructed by Harada Electric Industry Inc. of Japan 101. The hand was originally developed [ for prostheticapplications, including the form and function the human hand andinterface of electronics for myoelectric control from muscle activity the forearm. Here we describe its in characteristics and evaluate its potential for use in space applications, such as in spacetelerobotic assistants for Extra VehicularActivities (EVA) or anthropomorphic robots for outposts on Mars. Space applications are often designed with tools and controlinterfaces meant to be manipulated by human hands.Therefore dexterous robotic manipulatorsdesigned to participate in those tasks will share many of thefunctional requirements of prosthetic hands. Both robotic hands and prosthetic hands must approach the levelmanipulative dexterity and grasp of robustness found in the human hand. Theyalso must entail minimal effort to control by human operators. These requirements dictate that the robotic hand must be of anthropomorphic design to mimic the human hand in form and function, for most natural useby operator (in telerobotics or prosthetics), and for space applications such as EVAs where the robot will required to be manipulate tools designed for astronauts in space suits.
-
50
60
70
80
90
The hand is incomplete in that the current prototype has no sensor feedback. The major drawback is that it has neither motor encoders nor joint encoders to give feedback onthe positions of the joints. There are also no load sensors for force feedback or tactile sensors for sensing surface contact. This will certainly needto be corrected infuture versions of the hand before any sophisticated control methods can used for space applications. be
Index Middle Ring Pinkie Thumb Total
[l]. Figure 2. Kinematics of the fingers, from
3
1
0.9
0.8 0.7
0.6
-*
5 0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1 0
0
10
20
30
40
Figure 3. Torque vs bending degree the index and pinkie fingers, from for [l]. Table 2. Torques and bending time, from [l]
Figure 1
Top. Harada hand (front and back).
Bottom. Hand dimensions fቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱom [l] (units: mm)
t
Table 1. Harada hand dimensions Weight [gr] Length Phalanges [cm] Bottom Middle TP O Phalanx Phalanx Phalanx 1.9cm 3.65 cm 2.36 cm 60 gr 1.9 cm 61 er 4.45 cm 2.85 cm 1.9 cm 4.13 cm 2.85 cm 61 gr 1.9 cm 50 m3.5 cm 2.23 cm 4.45 cm 7 cm (and back hand) 137 gr 369 gr