托福TPO34口语Task1题目+满分范文
tpo3口语task1满分范文
tpo3口语task1满分范文英文回答：The situation the speaker describes is certainly a familiar one to many students. Procrastination, or the avoidance of tasks, can be a significant problem for students of all ages and academic levels. There are a number of factors that can contribute to procrastination, including anxiety, perfectionism, and a lack of motivation or interest in the task at hand.In the case of the speaker, it seems that procrastination is a result of feeling overwhelmed by the task and a lack of confidence in their ability to complete it successfully. This is a common problem for students who are struggling with a particular subject or who have a lot of other commitments on their plate.There are a number of things that students can do to overcome procrastination. One important step is to identifythe reasons why they are procrastinating. Once they understand the underlying causes, they can develop strategies to address them. For example, if a student is procrastinating because they are feeling anxious about a task, they might try relaxation techniques or talking to a counselor. If a student is procrastinating because they are lacking motivation, they might try setting smaller goals or finding a study buddy to help them stay on track.It is also important for students to develop good time management skills. This means creating a schedule and sticking to it as much as possible. Blocking out specific times for studying and completing assignments can help students to stay focused and avoid getting sidetracked.Finally, it is important for students to remember that they are not alone. Many students struggle with procrastination at some point in their academic careers. There are a number of resources available to help students overcome procrastination, such as online resources, counseling services, and peer support groups.中文回答：扬声器描述的情况对于许多学生来说当然很熟悉。
TPO34独立写作综合写作
TPO34独立写作综合写作TPO34综合In this set of material，the reading passage mainly introduces three theories that cause the see cow's extinction. However，in the following lecture，a questionable attitude has been raised. What's worse，the real reasons for their extinction are still unknown and these theories are all have problems.To begin with，the lecture mentions that Siberian people are unlikely to cause the extinction of sea cows，which fully rejects the content that they have probably overhung the species. According to the lecture，sea cows are massive creatives with nine meters long and over 10 tons in weight，and a couple of them could feed small number of Siberians for months. Since the number of people in the village is small，they might hunt some of them，but they do not have to hunt a lot of them.In addition，the evidence that the decline of kelp，main food source for sea cow，makes the extinction of the species is problematic. The listening section shows kelp might grow just fine，and sea cows might have not experienced a food shortage. To be more specific，if something really severe happened，it would not only affect sea cows，but also other species，like whales. Since there were no signs of report in the decline of other marine animals，sea cows would not likely to be declining.Finally，the lecture claims its theory towards European fur traders with alternative perspective. It regards that Europeans are the last to arrive and should be concluded as the main cause of the extinction. According to his theory，by the time European traders came to the island，the population of sea cow was already very small. Based on the showed record，there was atime that the animal was at its peak in number hundreds of years ago，and there must have been something serious happened or happening that decreased the population of sea cows.TPO34独立Nowadays, with the development of science and technology, an increasing of people use cell phones and the Internet to do various kinds of things. More and more children spend much time on cell phone, online games and social networking Web site. Some people may believe that it is more difficult to educate children today than in the past because of this. From my perspective, however, I firmly insist that educating children is easier task today than in the past.Cell phones and the Internet can be used to learn and study by the children with the leading of their parents. The Internet and smartphones now have a plenty of online-education resourses of which parents are able to take advantages. Many teachers and lessons based on the Internet are the best in the field. When parents help their kids learn from these high-quality classes, education is easier than ever before.Children are able to use social networking Web site to make friends who can learn together, which makes their parents save much time to superior the children to do assignments. Children with their friends can learn from each other so that they all can make a better acedamic performance. If a child study himself, he will feel lonely and will soon get bored on study.Children can use cell phones and social networking Web site to study and learn better than before, so it is not a more diffcult task for their parents to educate children today than it was in the past.。
托福TPO34独立写作题目文本+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO34独立写作题目文本独立写作题目文本++满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO34独立写作题目原文：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Educating children is a more difficult task today than it was in the past because they spend so much time on cell phone, online games, and social networking networking Web Web site.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.托福TPO34独立写作满分范文：It is universally acknowledged that various technologies such as cell phone, online games, and social networking Web sites play a more important role on in education than before. In my opinion, I disagree with the statement that nowadays it is more difficult to educate children than in the past because children can take advantage of those high-technologies to enhance their study. First and foremost, compared to in the past, at present the cell phone can is enabled to create a good positive effect on children’s study. Thanks to various of advanced software on the cell phone, student find it not difficult to grasp the most scientific leaning methods. For instance, in the past, children learned the new words by the text book without audio format, which led to the children couldn’t speak the words with correct pronunciations pronunciations children’s children’s false pronunciations pronunciations or or even mute English ; while today, children can are allowed to study those new words by the cell phone and they can imitate the native speaker’s speaker’s voice voice through the audio format in the cell phone. As a result, more and more children children can can speak English fluently. fluently. From From this fact, we can learn that the cell phone makes educating children much easier and comprehensive than before. Furthermore, teaching children is easier than before by the way of the obvious benefit that playing online games which can cultivate children’s ability of cooperation cannot be ignored. Through competing and interacting with others in the online games which can be called as a miniature of society, children can experience a sense of cooperation and responsibility intangibly. For example, due to the limitation of real situation, children had few opportunities to practice the ability of cooperation before. Nevertheless, it is much easier today, since in an online game, children are assigned to different tasks. Only when they cooperate well, can they get final success. From this experience, children can have a sense of teamwork, which cannot be learned from the class. This example tells us Obviously be learned from the class. This example tells us Obviously，，in the modern society, children children have have have kinds kinds kinds of of of chances chances chances to to to practice practice practice their their their cooperation’s cooperation’s cooperation’s ability ability ability as as as a a a result result of internet , which is better for their education. Finally, contract to the past, today social networking can expend children’s horizon, which is also beneficial for their education. education. various various various information information information filling filling filling in in the web provides provides children children children with with more broaden world without stepping outside. For example, ten years ago, with limitedtechnology, only through travel can children learn different cultures and languages. However, it spent cost more money and more time; what’s more, children were too young to go for a trip by themselves. So it was not easy to come true. But today, children just need to sit in front of the computer and type some key words through Google, and then they can get plenty of information as they want immediately. In addition, Children can learn other countries’ culture and languages by watching the video online. Consequently, we can realize that social network Web site is a useful wayto educate children. In a nutshell, I strongly disagree with the statement. With the advanced technology like cell phone, online games, and social networking Web site it can facilitate children’s education and help them be successful easier more easily in their future.满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!!独立写作题目文本++满分范文，希望对你有所帮助以上是给大家整理的托福TPO34独立写作题目文本。
托福TPO阅读34文本及答案解析
托福TPO阅读34文本+答案解析Islamic Art and the BookThe arts of the Islamic book, such as calligraphy and decorative drawing, developed during A.D. 900 to 1500, and luxury books are some of the most characteristic examples of Islamic art produced in this period. This came about from two major developments: paper became common, replacing parchment as the major medium for writing, and rounded scripts were regularized and perfected so that they replaced the angular scripts of the previous period, which because of their angularity were uneven in height. Books became major vehicles for artistic expression, and the artists who produced them, notably calligraphers and painters, enjoyed high status, and their workshops were often sponsored by princes and their courts. Before A.D. 900, manuscripts of the Koran (the book containing the teachings of the Islamic religion) seem to have been the most common type of book produced and decorated, but after that date a wide range of books were produced for a broad spectrum of patrons. These continued to include, of course, manuscripts of the Koran, which every Muslim wanted to read, but scientific works, histories, romances, and epic and lyric poetry were also copied in fine handwriting and decorated with beautiful illustrations. Most were made for sale on the open market, and cities boasted special souks (markets) where books were bought and sold. The mosque of Marrakech in Morocco is known as the Kutubiyya, or Booksellers’ Mosque, after the adjacent market. Some of the most luxurious books were specific commissions made at the order of a particular prince and signed by the calligrapher and decorator.Papermaking had been introduced to the Islamic lands from China in the eighth century. It has been said that Chinese papermakers were among the prisoners captured in a battle fought near Samarqand between the Chinese and the Muslims in 751, and the technique of papermaking – in which cellulose pulp extracted from any of several plants is first suspended in water, caught on a fine screen, and then dried into flexible sheets – slowly spread westward. Within fifty years, the government in Baghdad was using paper for documents. Writing in ink on paper, unlike parchment, could not easily be erased, and therefore paper had the advantage that it was difficult to alter what was written on it. Papermaking spread quickly to Egypt – and eventually to Sicily and Spain – but it was several centuries before paper supplanted parchment for copies of the Koran, probably because of the conservative nature of religious art and its practitioners. In western Islamic lands, parchment continued to be used for manuscripts of the Koran throughout this period.The introduction of paper spurred a conceptual revolution whose consequences have barely been explored. Although paper was never as cheap as it has become today, it was far less expensive than parchment, and therefore more people could afford to buy books, Paper is thinner than parchment, so more pages could be enclosed within a single volume. At first, paper was made in relatively small sheets that were pasted together, but by the beginning of the fourteenth century, very large sheets – as much as a meter across – were available. These large sheets meant that calligraphers and artists had more space on which to work. Paintings became more complicated, giving the artist greater opportunities to depict space or emotion. The increased availability of paper, particularly after 1250, encouraged people to develop systems of representation, such as architectural plans and drawings. This in turnallowed the easy transfer of artistic ideas and motifs over great distances from one medium to another, and in a different scale in ways that had been difficult, if not impossible, in the previous period.Rounded styles of Arabic handwriting had long been used for correspondence and documents alongside the formal angular scripts used for inscriptions and manuscripts of the Koran. Around the year 900, Ibn Muqla, who was a secretary and vizier at the Abbasid court in Baghdad, developed a system of proportioned writing. He standardized the length of alif, the first letter of the Arabic alphabet, and then determined what the size and shape of all other letters should be, based on the alif. Eventually, six round forms of handwriting, composed of three pairs of big and little scripts known collectively as the Six Pens, became the standard repertory of every calligrapher.Para.1 The arts of the Islamic book, such as calligraphy and decorative drawing, developed during A.D. 900 to 1500, and luxury books are some of the most characteristic examples of Islamic art produced in this period. This came about from two major developments: paper became common, replacing parchment as the major medium for writing, and rounded scripts were regularized and perfected so that they replaced the angular scripts of the previous period, which because of their angularity were uneven in height. Books became major vehicles for artistic expression, and the artists who produced them, notably calligraphers and painters, enjoyed high status, and their workshops were often sponsored by princes and their courts. Before A.D. 900, manuscripts of the Koran (the book containing the teachings of the Islamic religion) seem to have been the most common type of book produced and decorated, but after that date a wide range of books were produced for a broad spectrum of patrons. These continued to include, of course, manuscripts of the Koran, which every Muslim wanted to read, but scientific works, histories, romances, and epic and lyric poetry were also copied in fine handwriting and decorated with beautiful illustrations. Most were made for sale on the open market, and cities boasted special souks (markets) where books were bought and sold. The mosque of Marrakech in Morocco is known as the Kutubiyya, or Booksellers’ Mosque, after the adjacent market. Some of the most luxurious books were specific commissions made at the order of a particular prince and signed by the calligrapher and decorator.1. Paragraph 1 makes all of the following points about Islamic books EXCEPT:A) Books were an important form of artistic expression.B) A wide variety of books with different styles and topics became available.C) They were sold primarily near mosques.D) Most books were intended for sale on the open market.2. The word “sponsored” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) visitedB) ownedC) praisedD) supported3. The word “adjacent” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) majorB) nearbyC) ancientD) well-known4. According to paragraph 1, before A.D. 900, books in the Islamic worldA) included a wide range of subjectsB) did not contain any calligraphy or decorationC) used rounded scriptsD) were usually written on parchment5. In paragraph 1, why does the author mention the fact that the mosque in Marrakech, Morocco, is known as the Booksellers’ MosqueA) To cast doubt on the importance of souks in making books available to common peopleB) To provide an example of a place where books were made at the order of a particular princeC) To emphasize how influential and well known the book markets wereD) To demonstrate the need for religious texts in Islamic landsPara.2 Papermaking had been introduced to the Islamic lands from China in the eighth century. 【】It has been said that Chinese papermakers were among the prisoners captured in a battle fought near Samarqand between the Chinese and the Muslims in 751, and the technique of papermaking – in which cellulose pulp extracted from any of several plants is first suspended in water, caught on a fine screen, and then dried into flexible sheets – slowly spread westward. 【】Within fifty years, the government in Baghdad was using paper for documents. 【】Writing in ink on paper, unlike parchment, could not easily be erased, and therefore paper had the advantage that it was difficult to alter what was written on it. 【】Papermaking spread quickly to Egypt – and eventually to Sicily and Spain – but it was several centuries before paper supplanted parchment for copies of the Koran, probably because of the conservative nature of religious art and its practitioners. In western Islamic lands, parchment continued to be used for manuscripts of the Koran throughout this period.6. The phrase “extracted from” in the passage is clos est in meaning toA) taken out ofB) produced usingC) discovered inD) combined with7. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A) It was several centuries before papermaking techniques spread to faraway areas where parchment was popular and used widely in art.B) Although papermaking came to Egypt quickly, it took much longer for paper to be used when copying the Koran, probably because of the conservative nature of religious art.C) Papermaking spread beyond Egypt, Sicily, and Spain, but it was not widely used by artists for centuries, probably because of the conservative nature of art in those countries.D) Paper replaced parchment in copies of the Koran, probably at the request of conservative practitioners in areas like Egypt, Sicily, and Spain.Para.3 The introduction of paper spurred a conceptual revolution whose consequences have barely been explored. Although paper was never as cheap as it has become today, it was far less expensive than parchment, and therefore more people could afford to buy books, Paper is thinner than parchment, so more pages could be enclosed within a single volume. At first, paper was made in relatively small sheets that were pasted together, but by the beginningof the fourteenth century, very large sheets – as much as a meter across – were available. These large sheets meant that calligraphers and artists had more space on which to work. Paintings became more complicated, giving the artist greater opportunities to depict space or emotion. The increased availability of paper, particularly after 1250, encouraged people to develop systems of representation, such as architectural plans and drawings. This in turn allowed the easy transfer of artistic ideas and motifs over great distances from one medium to another, and in a different scale in ways that had been difficult, if not impossible, in the previous period.8. In paragraphs 2 and 3, which of the following is NOT mentioned as an advantage of paper over parchment?A) It was harder to erase or change what was written on paper.B) More pages of paper could be bound in a single volume.C) Paper could be produced in sheets of varying weights and thicknesses.D) More people could buy books made of paper because it was cheaper.9. Why does the author include the following information: “At first, paper was made in relatively small sheets that were pasted together, but by the beginning of the fourteenth century, very large sheets – as much as a meter across –were available.”?A) To provide evidence that the development of papermaking techniques was very slowB) To explain why paper was never as cheap as it has become todayC) To make the point that paper allowed artists to develop paintings that were more expressive and complexD) To prove that paper was more popular with artists who used large sheets, than it was with book printers, who used smaller sheets10. According to paragraph 3, the increased availability of paper and the development of systems of representationA) encourage more people to make their own drawingsB) made the transfer of artistic ideas to distant people and places much easierC) made architectural plans more complex and therefore harder to readD) allowed artists to create paintings that were smaller in scalePara.4 Rounded styles of Arabic handwriting had long been used for correspondence and documents alongside the formal angular scripts used for inscriptions and manuscripts of the Koran. Around the year 900, Ibn Muqla, who was a secretary and vizier at the Abbasid court in Baghdad, developed a system of proportioned writing. He standardized the length of alif, the first letter of the Arabic alphabet, and then determined what the size and shape of all other letters should be, based on the alif. Eventually, six round forms of handwriting, composed of three pairs of big and little scripts known collectively as the Six Pens, became the standard repertory of every calligrapher.11. According to paragraph 4, what did Ibn Muqla achieve around the year 900?A) He modified a set of formal scripts known as the Six Pens into rounded scripts appropriate for correspondence.B) He created a standardized set of rounded scripts proportional to the size of the first letter of the alphabet.C) He promoted calligraphy as an art form and encouraged the use of rounded letters in religious texts.D) He persuaded the court in Baghdad to use rounded styles instead of more angular scripts in their documents.12. The phrase “composed of” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) made up ofB) developed fromC) in addition toD) similar to13. Look at the four squares 【】that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.This change occurred for good reason.Where does the sentence best fit?Papermaking had been introduced to the Islamic lands from China in the eighth century. 【】It has been said that Chinese papermakers were among the prisoners captured in a battle fought near Samarqand between the Chinese and the Muslims in 751, and the technique of papermaking – in which cellulose pulp extracted from any of several plants is first suspended in water, caught on a fine screen, and then dried into flexible sheets – slowly spread westward. 【】Within fifty years, the government in Baghdad was using paper for documents. 【】Writing in ink on paper, unlike parchment, could not easily be erased, and therefore paper had the advantage that it was difficult to alter what was written on it. 【】Papermaking spread quickly to Egypt – and eventually to Sicily and Spain – butit was several centuries before paper supplanted parchment for copies of the Koran, probably because of the conservative nature of religious art and its practitioners. In western Islamic lands, parchment continued to be used for manuscripts of the Koran throughout this period.14. Prose SummaryIslamic books from A.D. 900 to 1500 reflect major changes from the past and important innovations.Answer Choices:A) Books became major vehicle of artistic expression for calligraphers and painters, and the subjects of books expanded to include more and more kinds of works.B) The growing luxuriousness of books meant that the market for them was increasingly dominated by the wealthy and powerful patrons who could afford them.C) After it was learned from Chinese prisoners, the technique of papermaking spread throughout Islamic lands, where paper gradually replaced parchment.D) The high status enjoyed by calligraphers and artists made books extremely popular in the cities where books were bought and sold.E) The popularity of books led to major advances in the development and transfer of new artistic ideas.F) Around the year 900, a set of rounded styles of Arabic handwriting began replacing angular scripts in copying the manuscripts of the Koran.Protection of Plants by InsectsMany plants – one or more species of at least 68 different families – can secrete nectar even when they have no blossoms, because they bear extrafloral nectaries (structures that produce nectar) on stems, leaves, leaf stems, or other structures. These plants usually occur where ants are abundant, most in the tropics but some in temperate areas. Among those of northeastern North America are various plums, cherries, roses, hawthorns, poplars, and oaks. Like floral nectar, extrafloral nectar consists mainly of water with a high content of dissolved sugars and, in some plants, small amounts of amino acids. The extrafloral nectaries of some plants are known to attract ants andother insects, but the evolutionary history of most plants with these nectaries is unknown. Nevertheless, most ecologists believe that all extrafloral nectaries attract insects that will defend the plant.Ants are portably the most frequent and certainly the most persistent defenders ofplants. ¢Since the highly active worker ants require a great deal of energy, plants exploit this need by providing extrafloral nectar that supplies ants with abundant energy. ¢To return this favor, ants guard the nectaries, driving away or killing intruding insects that might compete with ants for nectar. ¢Many of these intruders are herbivorous and would eat the leaves of the plants. ¢Biologists once thought that secretion of extrafloral nectar has some purely internal physiological function, and that ants provide no benefit whatsoever to the plants that secrete it. This view and the opposing “protectionist” hypothesis that ants defend plants had been disputed for over a hundred years when, in 1910, a skeptical William Morton Wheeler commented on the controversy. He called for proof of the protectionist view: that visitations of the ants confer protection on the plants and that in the absence of the insects a much greater number would perish or fail to produce flowers or seeds than when the insects are present. That we now have an abundance of the proof that was called for was established when Barbara Bentley reviewed the relevant evidence in 1977, and since then many more observations and experiments have provided still further proof that ants benefit plants.One example shows how ants attracted to extrafloral nectaries protect morning glories against attacking insects. The principal insect enemies of the North American morning glory feed mainly on its flowers or fruits rather than its leaves. Grasshoppers feeding on flowers indirectly block pollination and the production of seeds by destroying the corolla or the stigma, which receives the pollen grains and on which the pollen germinates. Without their colorful corolla, flowers do not attract pollinators and are not fertilized. An adult grasshopper can consume a large corolla, about 2.5 inches long, in an hour. Caterpillars and seed beetles affect seed production directly. Caterpillars devour the ovaries, where the seeds are produced, and seed beetle larvae eat seeds as they burrow in developing fruits.Extrafloral nectaries at the base of each sepal attract several kinds of insects, but 96 percent of them are ants, several different species of them. When buds are still small, less than a quarter of an inch long, the sepal nectaries are already present and producing nectar. They continue to do so as the flower develops and while the fruit matures. Observations leave little doubt that ants protect morning glory flowers and fruits from the combined enemy force of grasshoppers, caterpillars, and seed beetles. Bentley compares the seed production of six plants that grew where there were no ants with that of seventeen plants that were occupied by ants. Unprotected plants bore only 45 seeds per plant, but plants occupied by ants bore 211 seeds per plant. Although ants are not big enough to kill or seriously injure grasshoppers, they drive them away by nipping at their feet. Seed beetles are more vulnerable because they are much smaller than grasshoppers. The ants prey on the adult beetles, disturb females as they lay their eggs on developing fruits, and eat many of the eggs they do manage to lay.Para.1 Many plants – one or more species of at least 68 different families – can secrete nectar even when they have no blossoms, because they bear extrafloral nectaries (structures that produce nectar) on stems, leaves, leaf stems, or other structures. These plants usually occur where ants are abundant, most in the tropics but some in temperate areas. Among those of northeastern North America are various plums, cherries, roses, hawthorns, poplars, and oaks. Like floral nectar, extrafloral nectar consists mainly of water with a high content of dissolved sugars and, in some plants, small amounts of amino acids. The extrafloral nectaries of some plants are known to attract ants and other insects, but the evolutionary history of most plants with these nectaries is unknown. Nevertheless, most ecologists believe that all extrafloral nectaries attract insects that will defend the plant.1. According to paragraph 1, floral nectar and extrafloral nectar are alike in thatA) they are likely to be produced by the same plantsB) they basically consist of the same chemical componentsC) they attract only insects that will defend the plantD) they are produced by the same parts of the plantPara.2 Ants are portably the most frequent and certainly the most persistent defenders of plants. Since the highly active worker ants require a great deal of energy, plants exploit this need by providing extrafloral nectar that supplies ants with abundant energy. To return this favor, ants guard the nectaries, driving away or killing intruding insects that might compete with ants for nectar. Many of these intruders are herbivorous and would eat the leaves of the plants.2. To say that ants are “persistent” defenders of plants means thatA) they defend plants against a wide variety of threatsB) they continue to defend plants for as long as the plants are threatenedC) they are successful defenders of plantsD) they are easily observable defenders of plants3. What can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the ants that are attracted to the extrafloral nectaries?A) They do not eat the leaves of the plants that produce extrafloral nectar.B) They live almost entirely on extrafloral nectar.C) They spend most of their energy guarding extrafloral nectaries.D) They frequently fight among themselves over extrafloral nectar.Para.3 Biologists once thought that secretion of extrafloral nectar has some purely internal physiological function, and that ants provide no benefit whatsoever to the plants that secrete it. This view and the opposing “protectionist” hypothesis that ants defend plants had been disputed for over a hundred years when, in 1910, a skeptical WilliamMorton Wheeler commented on the controversy. He called for proof of the protectionist view: that visitations of the ants confer protection on the plants and that in the absence of the insects a much greater number would perishor fail to produce flowers or seeds than when the insects are present. That we now have an abundance of the proof that was called for was established when Barbara Bentley reviewed the relevant evidence in 1977, and since then many more observations and experiments have provided still further proof that ants benefit plants.4. According to paragraph 3, what was the position of the opponents of the “protectionist” hypothesis?A) Extrafloral nectar provides plants with a direct defense against attack by insects.B) Ants substantially benefit plants that secrete extrafloral nectar.C) The secretion of extrafloral nectar plays a role in the plant’s internal functioning.D) Ants visit plants that secrete extrafloral nectar as often as they visit plants that do not.5. The word “skeptical” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) curiousB) doubtfulC) open-mindedD) practical6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A) We now have ample proof that ants benefit plants.B) Barbara Bentley has called for additional proof that ants benefit plants.C) In 1977 Barbara Bentley conducted research that proved that all prior studies were wrong.D) Proof that ants benefit plants will require many more observations and experiments.Para.4 One example shows how ants attracted to extrafloral nectaries protect morning glories against attacking insects. The principal insect enemies of the North American morning glory feed mainly on its flowers or fruits rather than its leaves. Grasshoppers feeding on flowers indirectly block pollination and the production of seeds by destroying the corolla or the stigma, which receives the pollen grains and on which the pollen germinates. Without their colorful corolla, flowers do not attract pollinators and are not fertilized. An adult grasshopper can consume a large corolla, about 2.5 inches long, in an hour. Caterpillars and seed beetles affect seed production directly. Caterpillars devour the ovaries, where the seeds are produced, and seed beetle larvae eat seeds as they burrow in developing fruits.7. According to paragraph 4, what effect does the destruction of the corolla have on plants?A) It leaves the seeds exposed and unprotected.B) It prevents the stigma from developing.C) It keeps pollen grains from attaching properly.D) It prevents the flower from attracting pollinators.8. The word “devour” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) attackB) eatC) damageD) preferPara.5 Extrafloral nectaries at the base of each sepal attract several kinds of insects, but 96 percent of them are ants, several different species of them. When buds are still small, less than a quarter of an inch long, the sepal nectaries are already present and producing nectar. They continue to do so as the flower develops and while the fruit matures. Observations leave little doubt that ants protect morning glory flowers and fruits from the combined enemy force of grasshoppers, caterpillars, and seed beetles. Bentley compares the seed production of six plants that grew where there were no ants with that of seventeen plants that were occupied by ants. Unprotected plants bore only 45 seeds per plant, but plants occupied by ants bore 211 seeds per plant. Although ants are not big enough to kill or seriously injure grasshoppers, they drive them away by nipping at their feet. Seed beetles are more vulnerable because they are much smaller than grasshoppers. The ants prey on the adult beetles, disturb females as they lay their eggs on developing fruits, and eat many of the eggs they do manage to lay.9. What role does paragraph 5 play in the passage?A) It offers various kinds of evidence for the protectionist view.B) It presents the study that first proved that ants benefit plants.C) It explains how insects find sources of nectar.D) It presents information that partly contradicts the protectionist view.10. The word “vulnerable” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) numerousB) harmfulC) open to attackD) difficult to locate11. According to paragraph 5, what did Bentley’s comparative study show?A) Many more plants grew in places where ants were present than where they were absent.B) The ants preferred plants with low seed production to plants with high seed production.C) The plants occupied by ants produced many more seeds than those that were not occupied by ants.D) The plants that grew in places without ants were much smaller and weaker than those that grew in places where ants were present.12. According to paragraph 5, ants defend morning glory plants from seed beetles in each of the following ways EXCEPTA) driving adult beetles off the plants by nipping at their feetB) catching and eating adult beetlesC) eating beetle eggs they find on developing fruitsD) making it difficult for beetles to lay eggs on developing fruits13. Look at the four squares 【】that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Sometimes they capture the insects to feed their protein-hungry larvae.Where does the sentence best fit?Ants are portably the most frequent and certainly the most persistent defenders of plants. 【】Since the highly active worker ants require a great deal of energy, plants exploit this need by providing extrafloral nectar that supplies ants with abundant energy. 【】To return this favor, ants guard the nectaries, driving away or killing intruding insects that might compete with ants for nectar. 【】Many of these intruders are herbivorous and would eat the leaves of the plants. 【】14. Prose SummaryMany plants have extrafloral nectaries that produce nectar even during periods in which the plant is not flowering. Answer ChoicesA) Evolutionary history shows that plants that produce extrafloral nectar originated in the tropics.B) Extrafloral nectar has a higher concentration of sugar than floral nectar and is more attractive to ants and other insects.C) The protectionist hypothesis is that extrafloral nextar attracts ants, and that the ants, in order to preserve this energy-rich food source, attack insects that might harm the plant.D) Evidence accumulated during the twentieth century proved that ants provide significant benefits for plants with extrafloral nectaries.E) Research has shown that American morning glory plants that are protected by ants produce significantly more seeds than morning glory plants that are not protected by ants.F) Ants generally ignore small insects, but they will eat the adults of large insect species as well as their eggs and larvae.The Development of Steam PowerBy the eighteenth century, Britain was experiencing a severe shortage of energy. Because of the growth of population, most of the great forests of medieval Britain hadlong ago been replaced by fields of grain and hay.。
托福TPO34听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO34听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO34听力Conversation1文本 Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and an employee in the university library. Librarian: Ready to check out? Student: Just about. Before I do though, this book on early navigation…I have been using this book quite a bit for a research project. And I'd like to own it actually. And well…it’s an old book, and there were two copies on the shelf just now, so I was wondering if I could buy one. I was talking to this guy the other day, and he said the library sold books on occasion. Is that right? Librarian: He is probably talking about our annual book sale. We have one every spring. Student: OK. How do you decide which books to sell? Are they duplicates? Librarian: A lot are duplicates. If we have more than one copy of a title and it hasn’t been checked out in a few years, in that case it might end up at the sale. Student: I’ve actually tried to find this book online but no luck so far. I was really hoping to buy it. Librarian: Well, that particular book…well, it probably won’t be up for sale this year. Most books in the sale come from off-site storage. Student: Off-site storage? Librarian: That’s where we keep books that haven’t been used for several years. They are still in the catalog, which means they can be checked out if you fill out a form. It takes maybe a day or two to retrieve one of them. Student: I see. Librarian: And then before we decide to include a book in the sale, we review its circulation history again, which can take a while. We’ve got a lot of books in storage. Student: So it’s basically the unpopular books that get put up for sale then? Librarian: Well, that…plus the main thing is to make sure students have access to the information in the books. A lot of them are available in electronic format these days, even the really old ones. You know, they have been preserved that way. Student: So most of the books for sale are older books. Librarian: Well, we get book donations too. And lots of those are new. Again, a librarian reviews them and decides whether to catalogue them or put them up for sale. Student: Is this sale open to the public? Librarian: On the second day. It’s a two-day sale. The first day is for students, faculty and staff though, which is great. We usually need about twenty volunteers for the sale. And well, if you volunteer, you get first shot at everything in advance. Student: Really? What do volunteers have to do? Librarian: You help sort the books and set up the tables. But keep in mind those positions fill up quickly. Now, about this particular book, it wouldn’t hurt to send a formal request to the collection department. They might be able to let you know if it would be up for sale. Student: I’ll do that. Thanks. 托福TPO34听力Conversation1题目 1.What is the conversation mainly about? A. The library’s policies for its annual book sale B. The man’s search for material for his research project C. How the library attempts to preserve old books D. How students can access library books in storage 2.What does the woman say about books in storage? A. They will be put back on the shelves at some point in the future. B. They are mostly older books that were donated to the library. C. They can be checked out by written request.。
托福tpo34口语task1
托福tpo34口语task1〔托福〕口语想要提分，其实也有一定的套路可循。
大家依据这些套路，掌握相关的技巧，可以辅助我们更好地拿到口语的高分。
下面是我为您整理的关于托福tpo34口语task1，希望对你有所帮助。
托福tpo34口语task1TASK 1 Independent Speaking, Personal PreferenceDescribe something and give your reasons.Your university plans to open a caf inside the campus library. Do you think this is a good idea? Explain why or why not.TOEFL TPO口语第34套Question1Your university plans to open a caf inside the campus library. Do you think this is a good idea? Explain why or why not.1. 答题要领(1) clearly state your opinion：it is/is not a good idea to open a caf inside the campus library.(2) include 2 reasons to support your opinion.2. 观点提示：(1)it is a good idea:cozy place to take a break; convenient to get coffee and snacks,and dont need to leave library.(2)it is not a good idea:eating in the library is not appropriate; it is messy,might stain books and other paper material ; might disturb other student3. 模板(1)I think it is absolutely a good idea(2)I dont think it is a good idea(3)First, I think second，I believe托福口语答题技巧：五层汉堡结构虽然我们在托福口语学习中，也掌握了很多的技巧，但是关于口语考试的答题结构，大家是否也了解一些相关的技巧呢?今天我们重点来介绍的是五层汉堡的答题结构S1 Which of the following creative activities do you feel like to get involved in? 1. Pottery making 2. Writing 3. Art creation5层汉堡包结构考生在面对此类问题，首先要采纳经典的汉堡包式作为大体结构，第一步陈述观点，第二步提供支持信息，第三步排除其他选项，第四步同为排除其他选项，第五步总结。
TPO1-34口语Task1合集
TPO1-34 全套T ask1口语题目目录TPO1 (3)TPO2 (3)TPO3 (3)TPO4 (3)TPO5 (3)TPO6 (3)TPO7 (4)TPO8 (4)TPO9 (4)TPO10 (4)TPO11 (4)TPO12 (4)TPO13 (4)TPO14 (5)TPO15 (5)TPO16 (5)TPO17 (5)TPO18 (5)TPO19 (5)TPO20 (6)TPO21 (6)TPO22 (6)TPO23 (6)TPO24 (6)TPO25 (6)TPO26 (7)TPO27 (7)TPO 28 (7)TPO 29 (7)TPO 30 (7)TPO31 (8)TPO32 (8)TPO33 (8)TPO34 (8)TPO1T alk about a book you have read that was important to you for some reason. Explain why the book was important to you. Give specific details and examples to explain your answer.TPO2Choose a place you go to often that is important to you and explain why it is important. Please include specific details in explanation.TPO3What characteristics do you think make someone a good parent? Explain why these characteristics are important to you.TPO4Which do you miss most about your home when you are away? Use specific details in you explanation.TPO5T alk about a place you enjoyed going to or visiting when you were a child. Describe the place. Explain why you enjoyed it.TPO6Talk about a photograph or painting you have seen that was memorable. Explain what you liked or disliked about it.If friends from another country were going to spend time in your country, what city or place would you suggest they visit? Using details and examples, and explain why.TPO8Talk about a time when a friend or family member helped you in the past. Describe how the person helped you. Then explain why this was important to you.TPO9Talk about an important experience that you recently had. Describe what happened and explain why it was important to you.TPO10Talk about a time when you accomplished something you did not think you could do. What did you accomplish? Why did you think you could not do it?TPO11Talk about an interesting book you have read. Explain why you thought the book was interesting. Give specific details and examples to explain your answer.TPO12What is the most efficient type of transportation in your country? Explain why you think it is efficient. Include specific reasons or examples.TPO13Talk about a game, sport or other group activity that is played in your country. Explain why you think the activity is enjoyable.People enjoy reading many different types of books such as mystery, biography, romance, etc. Of all the different types of books that there are, what type do you most enjoy? Explain why.TPO15People make friends in many different ways. What do you think is a good way to make new friends? Use specific details and examples in your response.TPO16If you could have any job or career you wanted, which would you choose and why? Give specific details to explain your response.TPO17Talk about a special opportunity that was given to you. Explain why the opportunity was important.TPO18Imagine your life ten years in the future. Talk about one way you think your life will be different in ten years than it is now. Use details to explain your answer.TPO19Talk about a skill or ability that you consider especially important for a student to have. Use details and examples to explain your answer.Choose a quality you think makes someone a valuable member of a team. Explain why you think it is an important quality for a team or group member to have.TPO21Talk about an important news event that happened recently in your country. Describe the event and explain why it was important.TPO22Talk about one way your personality has changed since you were a child. Use examples and details to explain your answer.TPO23There can be several advantages to spending time living in another country. Talk about one advantage and explain how living in another country provides that advantage. Use details and examples in your response.TPO24Talk about a popular gathering place in your town where people like to go. Describe the place and explain why people enjoy going there.TPO25Students often want to get better grades in their classes. Explain what students should do in order to improve their performance in a class.Think of a book that you have not read but are interested in reading. Explain why the book was important to you. Give specific details and examples to explain your answer.TPO27T alk about a popular actor, musician, or artist whose work you do not admire. Explain why you do not like this person’s work. Use specific details and reasons in your response.TPO 28Students have to complete various types of academic assignments in school. Choose one of the assignments below and explain why you think it is beneficial for students. Research paper Class presentation Group projectTPO 29Which of the following jobs or careers do you think would be most rewarding?University professorEnvironmental scientistNewspaper journalistChoose one career and explain why you think it would be most rewarding. Use details and examples to support your answer.TPO 30A friend of yours is looking for a new place to live and has asked for your advice. What do you think is the most important characteristic of a good neighborhood? Use details and examples to explain your answer.Parents need to make sure their children lead healthy lives. What can parents do to help their children have healthy lifestyles?TPO32Students often like to study with others in a group. What do you think are the benefits of group study? Give at least one benefit. Explain your reasons.TPO33A friend of yours wants to go to university next year but cannot decide on a major field of study. What advice would you give your friend to help make this decision?TPO34Y our university plans to open a cafe inside the campus library. Do you think this is a good idea? Explain why or why not?alex1989wang@。
托福tpo口语听力文本1—34译文
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福tpo口语听力文本1—34译文摘要：托福口语的备考是离不开TPO的，TPO是托福考试最实用的备考资料，但是TPO还是有一定难度的，今天小编为大家准备的资料是托福tpo口语听力文本1—34译文，我们一起来看看精彩内容吧。
今天小编给大家准备的资料是托福 tpo口语听力文本1—34译文，相信很多考生都对托福口语的TPO不是很了解，下面小编截取部分内容，我们来看看吧。
男同学：他们犯了一个错误。
女同学：你的意思是?男同学：你看，他们正试图废止一些消遣活动，好让我们更好地学习。
但是这么一改变，图书馆里就没有能聚在一起做团队项目的地方了。
女同学：对，团队项目工作目前很普遍。
男同学：所以他们不该购买这些新设备，而应该用这笔钱建会议室。
这样的话就能减弱图书馆主要区域内的任何噪音。
女同学：是啊，这才是我们真正能用到的。
没有那么多必要非得隔开工作。
男同学：就是这样。
另一件事是关于过度拥挤的问题?今年的确是大学扩招，但我们真的面临着过度拥挤的问题吗?女同学：我不这么觉得。
我总是一个人用一整张桌子。
男同学：对!在那我一直都能看见空桌子。
替换掉我们有的资源纯属浪费钱，因为我们现在拥有的资源就使用图书馆的学生数量来看足够了。
17—4听力文本译文：教授我们从大家可能熟悉的例子开始。
当狗感到它们受到威胁，想要保护自己的时候通常做的一件事是什么?对，它们会露出牙齿，当我们看到(狗露出牙齿)，我们就知道这个行为基本上意味着我们得离它远点。
现在，讲一下这种行为是怎么成为可辨别的警告的。
很久很久之前，觉察到危险的狗时刻准备着去咬任何威胁到它的动物。
它首先把牙齿露出来。
但是这么做的目的很简单——这只狗本能地要确保它在咬其他动物时不会咬到自己的嘴唇。
知道了吗?但后来发生了什么?其他狗，其他的动物，随着时间的推移，都知道了狗在准备咬其他动物之前总是先露出牙齿。
所以它们才开始把这看做一个要小心的信号，要么远离狗，要么就要面临被咬的危险。
托福TPO口语34范文+解析
小编给考生们带来了托福TPO34口语范文，希望大家多做题，多积累、多研究，有针对性的规划考试。
托福口语TPO34 Task1:A cafe inside the campus library托福TPO34口语task1题目 Question:Your university plans to open a cafe inside the campus library. Do youthink this is a good idea? Explain why or why not?托福口语TPO34 Task2:Private car in the city centers托福口语task2题目Question:Do you agree or disagree with the followingstatement? Private car shouldnot be allowed in thecity centers of large cities. Use details and examplestoexplain your opinion.托福口语TPO34 Task3:Program to Provide Free TutoringReading Part:Program to Provide Free TutoringThe university has announced that starting with thefall semester, freetutoring will be available to allnew students for their entire first year.Theacademic dean, James Maxwell, commented, "Theuniversity is aware of theacademic problems thatmany first-year students face when making the transitionfrom high school to college." Thenew tutoring program, he said, is designed toassist first-year students who want or needadditional support with theiracademic course work. The program will also be organized sothat individualstudents can arrange to work with tutors majoring in their own chosen fieldofstudy.听力原文：Now listen to two students discussing the article.Man: Hey, did you read about this plan?Woman: Yeah, and I think it’s really a great idea.Man: Why’s that?Woman: Well, a lot of new students really need his, I mean, it, s not just about getting extra help with the course material, the/ II probably also get information about things like taking notes or the best way to study for exams.Man: Yeah, I barely even knew how to do those Things when I first camehere.Woman: Neither did I. So these are things most students wind up having tolearn on their own at first. That’s why so many of them have a hard time. Man: And if s probably good that they can work with somebody who has thesame interests.Woman: Right. That will be a real advantage: to get information about the classes you’re gonna need to take from somebody who’s already taken those classes. And they could recommend professors and tell you who the best advisers in the department are, things like that.Man: I see what you mean, so new students could get access to information about the program from another student, s point of view.Woman: Exactly!Question:The woman expresses her opinion about the university’s plan. Briefly summarize the plan. Then state her opinion about the plan and explain the。
托福听力TPO34文本+题目
得听力者得天下，托福听力对于考生来说至关重要!如何攻克托福听力，除了要多听，托福TPO听力也是托儿必刷的真题.小编托福考生们带来了TPO听力34文本，希望可以帮助广大托福考生轻松备考托福。
Conversation1NarratorListen to a conversation between a student and an employee in theuniversity library.LibrarianReady to check out?StudentJust about. Before I do though, this book on early navigation…I have beenusing this book quite a bit for a research project. And I would like to own itactually. And well…it’s an old book, and there were two copies on the shelf justnow, so I was wondering if I could buy one. I was talking to this guy the otherday, and he said the library sold books on occasion. Is that right?LibrarianHe is probably talking about our annual book sale. We have one everyspring.StudentOK. How do you decide which books to sell? Are they duplicates?LibrarianA lot are duplicates. If we have more than one copy of a title and ithasn’t been checked out in a few years, in that case it might end up at thesale.StudentI’ve actually tried to find this book online but no luck so far. I wasreally hoping to buy it.LibrarianWell, that particular book…well, it probably won’t be up for sale this year. Most books in the sale come from off-site storage.StudentOff-site storage?LibrarianThat’s where we keep books that haven’t been used for several years. They are still in the catalog, which means they can be checked out if you fill out a form. It takes maybe a day or two to retrieve one of them.StudentI see.LibrarianAnd then before we decide to include a book in the sale, we review its circulation history again, which can take a while. We’ve got a lot of books in storage.StudentSo it’s basically the unpopular books that get put up for sale then?LibrarianWell, that…plus the main thing is to make sure students have access to the information in the books. A lot of them are available in electronic format these days, even the really old ones. You know, they have been preserved that way.。
托福备考托福阅读34套TPO样题+解析+译文1--1Groundwater
托福考试 复习托福阅读TPO1(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:Groundwater托福阅读原文Groundwater is the word Groundwater is the word used to describe water that saturates the ground, filling all the Groundwater is the word used to describe water that saturates the ground, filling all the available spaces. By far the most abundant type of groundwater is meteoric water; this is the groundwater that circulates as part of the water cycle. Ordinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, from precipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams. There it remains, sometimes for long periods, before emerging at the surface again.At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.The necessary space is there, however, in many forms. The commonest spaces are those among the particles—sand grains and tiny pebbles—of loose, unconsolidated sand and gravel. Beds of this material, out of sight beneath the soil, are common. They are found wherever fast rivers carrying loads of coarse sediment once flowed. For example, as the great ice sheets that covered North America during the last ice age steadily melted away, huge volumes of water flowed from them. The water wasalways laden with pebbles, gravel, and sand, known as glacial outwash, that was deposited as the flow slowed down.The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope. Sediments are also dropped where a river slows on entering a lake or the sea, the deposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first, but will be located inland at some future date, when the sea level falls or the land rises; such beds are sometimes thousands of meters thick.In lowland country almost any spot on the ground may overlie what was once the bed of a river that has since become buried by soil; if they are now below the water’s upper surface (the water table), the gravels and sands of the former riverbed, and its sandbars, will be saturated with groundwater.So much for unconsolidated sediments. Consolidated (or cemented) sediments, too, contain millions of minute water-holding pores. This is because the gaps among the original grains are often not totally pluggedwith cementing chemicals; also, parts of the original grains may become dissolved by percolating groundwater, either while consolidation is taking place or at any time afterwards. The result is that sandstone, for example, can be as porous as the loose sand from which it was formed.Thus a proportion of the total volume of any sediment, loose or cemented, consists of empty space. Most crystalline rocks are much more solid; a common exception is basalt, a form of solidified volcanic lava, which is sometimes full of tiny bubbles that make it very porous.The proportion of empty space in a rock is known as its porosity. But note that porosity is not the same as permeability, which measures the ease with which water can flow through a material; this depends on the sizes of the individual cavities and the crevices linking them.Much of the water in a sample of water-saturated sediment or rock will drain from it if the sample is put in a suitable dry place. But some will remain, clinging to all solid surfaces. It is held there by the force of surface tension without which water would drain instantly from any wet surface, leaving it totally dry. The total volume of water in the saturated sample must therefore be thought of as consisting of water that can, and water that cannot, drain away.The relative amount of these two kinds of water varies greatly from one kind of rock or sediment to another, even though their porosities may be the same. What happens depends on pore size. If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.托福阅读试题1.Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the ground that we walk on?A.It cannot hold rainwater for long periods of time.B.It prevents most groundwater from circulating.C.It has the capacity to store large amounts of water.D.It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers.2.The word “incredible” in the passage (paragraph 1) 1is closest in meaning toA.confusingfortingC.unbelievableD.interesting3.The word “out of sight” in the passage (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning toA.far awayB.hiddenC.partly visibleD.discovered4.According to paragraph 2, where is groundwater usually found?A.Inside pieces of sand and gravelB.On top of beds of rockC.In fast rivers that are flowing beneath the soilD.In spaces between pieces of sediment5.The phrase “glacial outwash” in the passage (paragragh 2) refers toA.fast riversB.glaciersC.the huge volumes of water created by glacial meltingD.the particles carried in water from melting glaciers6.All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 3 as places that sediment-laden rivers can deposit their sediments EXCEPTA.A mountain valleyB.Flat landC.A lake floorD.The seafloor7.The word “overlie” in the passage (paragragh 4)) is closest in meaning toA. coverB. changeC. separateD. surround8.The phrase “So much for” in the passage (paragragh 5) is closest in meaning toA.that is enough aboutB.now let us turn toC.of greater concern areD.this is related to9.The word “plugged” in the passage (paragragh 5) is closet in meaning to washedA.draggedB.filled upC.soaked through10.According to paragraphs 6 and 7, why is basalt unlike most crystalline forms of rock?A.It is unusually solid.B.It often has high porosity.C.It has a low proportion of empty space.D.It is highly permeable.11.What is the main purpose of paragraph 7?A.To explain why water can flow through rockB.To emphasize the large amount of empty space in all rockC.To point out that a rock cannot be both porous and permeableD.To distinguish between two related properties of rock12.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage (paragragh 9)? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Surface tension is not strong enough to retain drops of water in rocks with large pores but it strong enough to hold on to thin films of water in rocks with small pores.B.Water in rocks is held in place by large pores and drains away from small size pores through surface tension.C.Small pores and large pores both interact with surface tension to determine whether a rock will hold water as heavy drops or as a thin film.D.If the force of surface tension is too weak to hold water in place as heavy drops, the water will continue to be held firmly in place as a thin film when large pores exist.13.Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.What, then, determines what proportion of the water stays and what proportion drains away?Much of the water in a sample of water-saturated sediment or rock willdrain from it if the sample is put in a suitable dry place. █【A】Butsome will remain, clinging to all solid surfaces. █【B】It is held there by the force of surface tensionwithout which water would drain instantly from any wet surface, leaving ittotally dry. █【C】The total volume of water in the saturated sample musttherefore be thought of as consisting of water that can, and water that cannot,drain away. █【D】Where would thesentence best fit?14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Much of the ground is actually saturated with water.A.Sediments that hold water were spread by glaciers and are still spread by rivers and streams.B.Water is stored underground in beds of loose sand and gravel or in cemented sediment.C.The size of a saturated rock’s pores determines how much water it will retain when the rock is put in a dry place.D.Groundwater often remains underground for a long time before it emerges again.E.Like sandstone, basalt is a crystalline rock that is very porous.F.Beds of unconsolidated sediments are typically located at inland sites that were once underwater.托福阅读答案1.以ground作为关键词定位至全段最后一句，说At first sight土地是不可能有那么大的空间去容纳这些水的，at first sight第一眼看上去的意思是这个不是事实，而且事实刚好与这个相反，也就是说土地是有空间的，所以C正确2.incredible令人难以置信的，想到credit card信用卡，credit指的是信用或者学分ible或者able表示可以……的，credible可信的，incredible难以置信的，不知道的话看上题也知道是不可能3.out of sight表面意思就是在视野之外，也就是看不见，C和D都说看见，所以错。
托福TPO34独立写作题目文本+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO34独立写作题目文本+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO34独立写作题目原文： Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Educating children is a more difficult task today than it was in the past because they spend so much time on cell phone, online games, and social networking Web site. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 托福TPO34独立写作满分范文： It is universally acknowledged that various technologies such as cell phone, online games, and social networking Web sites play a more important role on in education than before. In my opinion, I disagree with the statement that nowadays it is more difficult to educate children than in the past because children can take advantage of those high-technologies to enhance their study. First and foremost, compared to in the past, at present the cell phone can is enabled to create a good positive effect on children’s study. Thanks to various of advanced software on the cell phone, student find it not difficult to grasp the most scientific leaning methods. For instance, in the past, children learned the new words by the text book without audio format, which led to the children couldn’t speak the words with correct pronunciations children’s false pronunciations or even mute English ; while today, children can are allowed to study those new words by the cell phone and they can imitate the native speaker’s voice through the audio format in the cell phone. As a result, more and more children can speak English fluently. From this fact, we can learn that the cell phone makes educating children much easier and comprehensive than before. Furthermore, teaching children is easier than before by the way of the obvious benefit that playing online games which can cultivate children’s ability of cooperation cannot be ignored. Through competing and interacting with others in the online games which can be called as a miniature of society, children can experience a sense of cooperation and responsibility intangibly. For example, due to the limitation of real situation, children had few opportunities to practice the ability of cooperation before. Nevertheless, it is much easier today, since in an online game, children are assigned to different tasks. Only when they cooperate well, can they get final success. From this experience, children can have a sense of teamwork, which cannot be learned from the class. This example tells us Obviously，in the modern society, children have kinds of chances to practice their cooperation’s ability as a result of internet , which is better for their education. Finally, contract to the past, today social networking can expend children’s horizon, which is also beneficial for their education. various information filling in the web provides children with more broaden world without stepping outside. For example, ten years ago, with limitedtechnology, only through travel can children learn different cultures and languages. However, it spent cost more money and more time; what’s more, children were too young to go for a trip by themselves. So it was not easy to come true. But today, children just need to sit in front of the computer and type some key words through Google, and then they can get plenty of information as they want immediately. In addition, Children can learn other countries’ culture and languages by watching the video online. Consequently, we can realize that social network Web site is a useful way to educate children. In a nutshell, I strongly disagree with the statement. With the advanced technology like cell phone, online games, and social networking Web site it can facilitate children’s education and help them be successful easier more easily in their future. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO34独立写作题目文本+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
托福阅读TPO34-1 WORD 打印 Protection of Plants by Insects
Protection of Plants by InsectsMany plants-one or more species of at least 68 different families-can secrete nectar even when they have no blossoms, because they bear extrafloral nectaries (structures that produce nectar) on stems, leaves, leaf stems, or other structures. These plants usually occur where ants are abundant, most in the tropics but some in temperate areas. Among those of northeastern North America are various plums, cherries, roses, hawthorns, poplars, and oaks. Like floral nectar, extrafloral nectar consists mainly of water with a high content of dissolved sugars and, in some plants, small amounts of amino acids. The extrafloral nectaries of some plants are known to attract ants and other insects, but the evolutionary history of most plants with these nectaries is unknown. Nevertheless, most ecologists believe that all extrafloral nectaries attract insects that will defend the plant.According to paragraph 1, floral nectar and extrafloral nectar are alike in that∙they are likely to be produced by the same plants∙they basically consist of the same chemical components∙they attract only insects that will defend the plant∙they are produced by the same parts of the plantAnts are probably the most frequent and certainly the most persistent defenders of plants. []Since the highly active worker ants require a great deal of energy, plants exploit this need by providing extrafloral nectar that supplies ants with abundant energy.[] To return this favor, ants guard the nectaries, driving away or killing intruding insects that might compete with ants for nectar.[] Many of these intruders are herbivorous and would eat the leaves of the plants. []To say that ants are "persistent" defenders of plants means that∙they defend plants against a wide variety of threats∙they continue to defend plants for as long as the plants are threatened∙they are successful defenders of plants∙they are easily observable defenders of plantsWhat can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the ants that are attracted to the extrafloral nectaries?∙They do not eat the leaves of the plants that produce extrafloral nectar.∙They live almost entirely on extrafloral nectar.∙They spend most of their energy guarding extrafloral nectaries.∙They frequently fight among themselves over extrafloral nectar.Biologists once thought that secretion of extrafloral nectar has some purely internal physiological function, and that ants provide no benefit whatsoever to the plants that secrete it. This view and the opposing "protectionist" hypothesis that ants defend plants had been disputed for over a hundred years when, in 1910, a skeptical William Morton Wheeler commented on the controversy. He called for proof of the protectionist view: that visitations of the ants confer protection on the plants and that in the absence of the insects a much greater number would perish or fail to produce flowers or seeds than when the insects are present. That we now have an abundance of the proof that was called for was established when Barbara Bentley reviewed the relevant evidence in 1977, and since then many more observations and experiments have provided still further proof that ants benefit plants.According to paragraph 3, what was the position of the opponents of the "protectionist" hypothesis?∙Extrafloral nectar provides plants with a direct defense against attack by insects.∙Ants substantially benefit plants that secrete extrafloral nectar.∙The secretion of extrafloral nectar plays a role in the plant's internal functioning.∙Ants visit plants that secrete extrafloral nectar as often as they visit plants that do not.The word "skeptical" in the passage is closest in meaning to∙curious∙doubtful∙open-minded∙practicalWhich of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.∙We now have ample proof that ants benefit plants.∙Barbara Bentley has called for additional proof that ants benefit plants.∙In 1977 Barbara Bentley conducted research that proved that all prior studies were wrong.∙Proof that ants benefit plants will require many more observations and experiments. One example shows how ants attracted to extrafloral nectaries protect morning glories against attacking insects. The principal insect enemies of the North American morning glory feed mainly on its flowers or fruits rather than its leaves. Grasshoppers feeding on flowers indirectly block pollination and the production of seeds by destroying the corolla or the stigma, which receives the pollen grains and on whichthe pollen germinates. Without their colorful corolla, flowers do not attract pollinators and are not fertilized. An adult grasshopper can consume a large corolla, about 2.5 inches long, in an hour. Caterpillars and seed beetles affect seed production directly. Caterpillars devour the ovaries, where the seeds are produced, and seed beetle larvae eat seeds as they burrow in developing fruits.Extrafloral nectaries at the base of each sepal attract several kinds of insects, but 96 percent of them are ants, several different species of them. When buds are still small, less than a quarter of an inch long, the sepal nectaries are already present and producing nectar. They continue to do so as the flower develops and while the fruit matures. Observations leave little doubt that ants protect morning glory flowers and fruits from the combined enemy force of grasshoppers, caterpillars, and seed beetles. Bentley compared the seed production of six plants that grew where there were no ants with that of seventeen plants that were occupied by ants. Unprotected plants bore only 45 seeds per plant, but plants occupied by ants bore 211 seeds per plant. Although ants are not big enough to kill or seriously injure grasshoppers, they drive them away by nipping at their feet. Seed beetles are more vulnerable because they are much smaller than grasshoppers. The ants prey on the adult beetles, disturb females as they lay their eggs on developing fruits, and eat many of the eggs they do manage to lay.What role does paragraph 5 play in the passage?∙It offers various kinds of evidence for the protectionist view.∙It presents the study that first proved that ants benefit plants.∙It explains how insects find sources of nectar.∙It presents information that partly contradicts the protectionist view.According to paragraph 5, ants defend morning glory plants from seed beetles in each of the following ways EXCEPT∙driving adult beetles off the plants by nipping at their feet∙catching and eating adult beetles∙eating beetle eggs they find on developing fruits∙making it difficult for beetles to lay eggs on developing fruitsLook at the four squares [] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Sometimes they capture the insects to feed their protein-hungry larvae.Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it.To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT.Many plants have extrafloral nectaries that produce nectar even during periods in which the plant is not flowering.∙∙∙Answer ChoicesA.Evolutionary history shows that plants that produce extrafloral nectaroriginated in the tropics.B. Extrafloral nectar has a higher concentration of sugar than floral nectar andis more attractive to ants and other insects.C. The protectionist hypothesis is that extrafloral nectar attracts ants, and thatthe ants, in order to preserve this energy-rich food source, attack insects that might harm the plant.D.Evidence accumulated during the twentieth century proved that antsprovide significant benefits for plants with extrafloral nectaries.E. Research has shown that American morning glory plants that are protectedby ants produce significantly more seeds than morning glory plants that are not protected by ants.F.Ants generally ignore small insects, but they will eat the adults of largeinsect species as well as their eggs and larvae.。
托福TPO34综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文
¡¡¡¡ÎªÁË°ïÖú´ó¼Ò¸ßЧ±¸¿¼Íи££¬Îª´ó¼Ò´øÀ´Íи£TPO34×ÛºÏд×÷ÔĶÁÔ-ÎÄ+ÌýÁ¦Ô-ÎÄ+Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ£¬Ï£Íû¶Ô´ó¼Ò±¸¿¼ÓÐËù°ïÖú¡£¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO34×ÛºÏд×÷ÔĶÁÔ-ÎÄÎı¾£º¡¡¡¡A huge marine mammal known as Steller¡¯s sea cow once lived in the waters around Bering Island off the coast of Siberia. It was described in 1741 by Georg W. Steller, a naturalist who was among the first European to see one. In 1768 the animal became extinct. The reasons for the extinction are not clear. Here are three theories about the main cause of the extinction. First, the sea cows may have been overhunted by groups of native Siberian people. If this theory is correct, then the sea cow population would have originally been quite large, but hundreds of years off too much hunting by the native people diminished the number of sea cows. Sea cows were a good source of food in a harsh environment, so overhunting by native people could have been the main cause of extinction. Second, the sea cow population may have become extinct because of ecosystems disturbances that caused a decline in their main source of food, kelp (a type of sea plant). Kelp populations respond negatively to a number of ecological changes. It is possible that ecological changes near Bering island some time before 1768 caused a decrease of the kelp that the sea cows depend on. Third, the main cause of extinction of the sea cows could have been European fur traders who came to the island after 1741. It is recorded that the fur traders caught the last sea cow in 1768. It thus seems reasonable to believe that hunting by European fur traders, who possessed weapons that allowed them to quickly kill a large number of the animals, was the main cause of the sea cow¡¯s extinction.¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO34×ÛºÏд×÷ÌýÁ¦Ô-ÎÄÎı¾£º¡¡¡¡The truth is we don¡¯t know what the main cause of extinction of Steller¡¯s sea cow was. There are problems with each of the theories that you read about.First, the sea cows were massive creatures. They were up to nine meters long and could weigh over ten tons, just enormous. A couple of sea cows could feed a small Siberian village for months. And the population of the native Siberian people wasn¡¯t very large. So while the Siberians certainly did hunt the sea cows, they didn¡¯t need to hunt a lot of them. So it¡¯s unlikely they were the ones who brought the sea cows to the point of extinction.Second, about a hypothetical decrease in kelp caused by ecological disturbances, well, if something severe really happened in the ecosystem near Bering Island sometime before 1768, it would have affected not just the kelp but also other parts of the ecosystem. For example, it would have caused the decline in other marine animals like whales. But fishing ships in the area did not report a whale decline. Since there is no indication of broader ecosystem problems, the kelp was probably growing just fine and the sea cows did not experience food shortage.Third, it might seem like the European traders were responsible because the sea cows became extinct soon after the Europeans arrived. But, actually, by the time that the Europeans arrived, the sea cow population was already quite small. We have evidence that thesea cow population was at its largest hundreds of years before the 1700s. So something was causing a serious and on-going decrease in the sea cow population long before the Europeans arrived in the Bering Island area. Whatever this something was, it shouldbe considered the main cause of the extinction, not the European traders who were just the last to arrive.¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO34×ÛºÏд×÷Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ1£º¡¡¡¡According to the reading passage, the author claims that there are three theories elaborating the reasons for declineof sea cows. However, the lecturer entirely challenges these theories. First of all, in the reading passage theauthor believes that overhunting by Sibrian for food is the major factor forthe decrease of sea cows.In contrast, the lecturer opposes this view and maintains that sea cows, a kind of animal with approximately ten tons, are tooenormous for people to eat, and another contributor refuting the view in thereading is that the population of people was not substantial at that time,which do not have the capacity to kill the majority of sea cows. Furthermore, contrary to the statement inthe reading passage that the extinction of sea cows is due to the fact that it is the quantity of Kelp, regardedas the food resource of sea cows, decreased by the destruction of ecosystem, the lecturer asserts that Kelp also is thefood resource for whales, which means if the population of Kelp decreases, thenumber of whales will decline as sea cows do. But there is no report about the decline of them. Eventually, the lecturer casts doubton thepoint made by the author that the extinction of sea cows may be caused by Europeanfur traders, and he proposes that actually when European fur traders firstly arrived there, the population of sea cows had already been small;therefore, there must be other fatal events causing the decrease in the population of sea cows before fur traders being there.¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO34×ÛºÏд×÷Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ2£º¡¡¡¡The reading passage proposes three possible theories about why the gigantic Steller's sea cow became extinct. However, the professor in the listening states thatall of the theories have problems, and he has proposes sufficient evidence to refute these three hypotheses. First of all, the first theory stated in the reading article claims that these sea cows became extinct because of the hunting by the native peoplein the Siberia since they were a good source of food in a harsh environment. However, the lecturer in the listening contradicts the theory by contending that these animals were extremely massive: nine meters in length and ten tons in weight. Therefore, even though the Siberian people did really hunt them for food, these people only neededa few of them, which could provide the food for months. This negates the first theory. Next, the second theory in the passage maintains that they became extinct becauseof the ecology disturbances, which led to the main source of food, Kelp, for the sea cows diminished. On the contrary, the speaker in the listening seriously challenges the theory by pointing out that if the ecosystem really had some disturbances, there。
TPO34综合写作
Integrated writingIn the reading, the author puts forward three theories about the extinction of Steller’s sea cow that once lived in the waters around Bering Island and became extinct in 1768. However, the professor considers those theories unconvincing for the following reasons.First, the author points out that the sea cows which were a source of Siberian people in a tough environment were overhunted by native people. On the contrary, the professor refutes it by claiming that the sea cows were massive creature and weighed more than 10 tons, and one sea cow could support the native people for months. Therefore, the small Siberian village did not need to overhunt sea cows for food.Second, it is suggested in the reading that the sea cows went extinct because their main food, kelp declined due to dramatic ecosystem disturbance. By contrast, the professor challenges the theory by arguing that if something really severe happened in the ecosystem in 1768, other species like whales would also be affected, which is contrary to the fact that no changes were detected in whales at that time. Therefore, the sea cows did not suffer from the shortage of food.Third, the author addresses that it was the European fur traders who caught the last sea cow in 1768 that caused the extinction of sea cows. Besides, they had weapons to enable them to quickly kill the sea cows. However, the professor maintains that although sea cows went extinct soon after the European fur traders arrived to the island, the population of the sea cows had already been declining long before the traders came to the island. Therefore, it was something else that should be considered as the main cause of extinction.。
tpo34综合写作范文
tpo34综合写作范文The reading passage and the lecture discuss the difference between the tropical rainforest and the temperate deciduous forest. While the reading passage argues that these two types of forests are distinctly different in terms of their rainfall, the lecture refutes this claim by presenting evidence that there are more similarities between the two.The reading passage mentions that tropical rainforests receive more annual rainfall compared to temperate deciduous forests. It states that tropical rainforests receive an average of 250 centimeters of rainfall annually, while temperate deciduous forests receive only 75 centimeters. However, the lecture challenges this claim by pointing out that the passage fails to address the issue of seasonal variations in rainfall. The lecturer argues that while the average annual rainfall in a tropical rainforest may be higher, it does not mean that it receives constant rainfall throughout the year. In fact, tropical rainforests have distinct wet and dry seasons, with rainfall being concentrated in the wet months and significantly decreasing during the dry months. On the other hand, temperate deciduous forests may receive less annual rainfall on average, but they experience rainfall more evenly distributed throughout the year. This suggests that the difference in rainfall between the two types of forests is not as drastic as the reading passage suggests. Moreover, the lecture goes on to explain that both tropical rainforests and temperate deciduous forests have similar biodiversity levels. The reading passage claims that tropical rainforests have higher biodiversity compared to temperate deciduous forests due to their higher rainfall. However, the lecturerrefutes this claim by providing evidence that both forests have equally high levels of biodiversity. The lecturer explains that the high levels of biodiversity in tropical rainforests are due to the stable climate and long growing seasons, rather than just high rainfall alone. Similarly, temperate deciduous forests also have a rich diversity of plant and animal species, despite their lower annual rainfall. The lecturer argues that climate stability, soil quality, and various other factors contribute to the biodiversity of both forests, highlighting that rainfall is just one of many factors determining the ecological balance of an ecosystem.In conclusion, while the reading passage claims that tropical rainforests and temperate deciduous forests are distinctly different in terms of their rainfall, the lecture presents evidence that challenges this claim. The lecturer argues that both forests experience seasonal variations in rainfall and have similar levels of biodiversity. Therefore, it can be inferred that the difference in rainfall between tropical rainforests and temperate deciduous forests is not as significant as the reading passage suggests.。
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为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO34口语Task1题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO34独立口语Task1题目：
Your university plans to open a café inside the campus library. Do you think this is a good idea? Explain why or why not.
托福TPO34独立口语Task1满分范文：
I think it' s absolutely a great idea. First, it would be a great place to take
a break from study, especially when exams are coming up. While getting refreshments, I could have some small talks with my friends in the study group. In this way, I wouldn' t get a headache from staring at the computer screen for several hours in a row. Also, it would be really convenient to get coffee. Often times I would feel really sleepy and tired in the morning. At this point, it would be awesome if I could easily gra
b a latte in the library on my way to the self-study room. The minute I take a sip of my coffee, I' m completely picked up and ready to start a new study session.
以上是给大家整理的托福TPO34口语Task1题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。