计算机摄影学大作业
《数字图像处理》期末大作业
《数字图像处理》期末大作业大作业题目及要求:一、题目:本门课程的考核以作品形式进行。
作品必须用Matlab完成。
并提交相关文档。
二、作品要求:1、用Matlab设计实现图形化界面,调用后台函数完成设计,函数可以调用Matlab工具箱中的函数,也可以自己编写函数。
设计完成后,点击GUI 图形界面上的菜单或者按钮,进行必要的交互式操作后,最终能显示运行结果。
2、要求实现以下功能:每个功能的演示窗口标题必须体现完成该功能的小组成员的学号(后三位)。
1)对于打开的图像可以显示其灰度直方图,实现直方图均衡化和直方图匹配(规定化)。
2)实现灰度图像的对比度增强,要求实现线性变换和非线性变换(包括对数变换和指数变换)。
3)实现图像的缩放变换、旋转变换等。
4)图像加噪(用输入参数控制不同噪声),然后使用空域和频域进行滤波处理。
5)采用robert算子,prewitt算子,sobel算子,拉普拉斯算子对图像进行边缘提取。
6)读入两幅图像,一幅为背景图像,一幅为含有目标的图像,应用所学的知识提取出目标。
3、认真完成期末大作业报告的撰写,对各个算法的原理和实验结果务必进行仔细分析讨论。
报告采用A4纸打印并装订成册。
附录:报告模板《数字图像处理》期末大作业班级:小组编号:组长:小组成员:浙江万里学院计算机与信息学院2013年12月目录(自动生成)1 绘制灰度直方图,实现直方图均衡化和直方图匹配(规定化)1.1 算法原理1.2 算法设计1.3 实验结果及对比分析图1 ××××××图2 ××××××分析***********************************************2 灰度图像的对比度增强2.1 算法原理2.2 算法设计2.3 实验结果及分析3 图形的几何变换3.1 算法原理3.2 算法设计3.3 实验结果及分析4 图像加噪(用输入参数控制不同噪声),然后使用空域和频域进行滤波处理4.1 算法原理4.2 算法设计4.3 实验结果及分析5 采用robert,prewitt,sobel,拉普拉斯算子对图像进行边缘提取5.1 算法原理5.2 算法设计5.3 实验结果及分析6 读入两幅图像,一幅为背景图像,一幅为含有目标的图像,应用所学的知识提取出目标6.1 算法原理6.2 算法设计6.3 实验结果及分析7 小结(感受和体会)(英文版)Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthenparty laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Y ears, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulationsrepeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the FifthPlenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs DepartmentThe first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee PoliticalBureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revisionof the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Y an to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline andto implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists ona positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," atotal of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule >real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen yearsimplement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses.Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Y an Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline,exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility shouldbe depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effectiveconvergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for actsof mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Applicationof this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situationmade explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give。
图像处理技术大作业
《图像处理技术》大作业使用学期:2012—2013学年第1学期使用对象:本科生使用专业:计算机科学与技术命题教师:朱嘉钢一、背景和内容:《图像处理技术》是计算机科学与技术专业本科生四年级的选修课程,旨在使学生了图像处理技术的研究对象、研究内容、研究方法,为之后的图像分析和理解打下基础。
为了培养学生以图像处理技术为基础从事计算机科学与技术的研究开发能力,提高图像处理算法的实际软件实现能力,本课程的考核以大作业的形式进行。
通过看——查阅资料、做——复现已有资料的方法或做一个测试应用实例、写——将自己的研究工作写成技术报告,完成整个大作业。
二、要求:1、查阅资料。
通过查阅资料、论文,了解图像工程特别是图像处理理论和应用领域的新进展、新应用,结合课堂教学和教材的内容,选定大作业具体题目。
研究内容可以是实现一些图像处理方法或几种方法的比较,程序的应用领域不限。
2、重现他人实验。
根据所查阅的论文资料,看懂其图像处理方法和原理,理解其实验设计的思路,编程实现这一方法,重现其实验,注意比对实现结果。
编程语言不限。
3、撰写技术报告。
将所做工作的方法、结果、评论等写成技术报告,并附主要参考文献和程序清单。
4、三至四人一组组成一个项目组,协作完成一项大作业。
分组人员自由组合,每组自行选一名组长。
提交大作业时说明成员的分工和排名,进行现场演示和说明,并进行交流。
三、评分标准:1、优(90——100):查阅资料广泛而前沿,对所查阅资料的理解和归纳整理正确得当,所做的工作能体现出作者在图像处理理论和实践方面的良好训练。
所选图像处理方法先进,有较高理论研究价值和应用价值。
所编程序均调试通过。
研究报告结构合理,层次清晰,文字表达准确,语句通顺流畅。
所作应用有创新意义。
2、良(80——89):查阅资料广泛而前沿,对所查阅资料的理解和归纳整理正确得当,所作的工作能体现出作者在图像处理理论和实践方面的基本训练。
所选图像处理方法实用恰当,有良好应用价值。
DSP大作业(201111768)
2.1 基于 DSP 的转台控制系统功能分析
根据系统要求,DSP 运动控制系统的主体部分如图-6 所示。
RS232 串口单元 DSP TMS 320LF 2407 电源单元 电机 控制接口 上位机
驱动 模块
被控 电机
I/O 单元
光电 隔离 模块
光电 编码器
图-6 基于 DSP 的转台控制系统功能模块
2.3 步进电机运动控制系统及其运动控制器
步进电机控制系统主要由步进电机运动控制器、环行分配器、功率放大 器、步进电机组成如图-7 所示。
步 进 电 机 运 动 控 制 器
脉冲信号 方向信号 方式信号
环 形 分 配 器
步 进 电 机 驱 动 器
功 率 放 大 器
步进电机
图-7 步进电机控制系统结构图
(1)RS232 串口单元:通过串行通信接口(SCI)从上位 PC 机读取控制 指令,以及向上位 PC 机发送测角信号。 (2)电源单元:为步进电机驱动器以及光电编码器提供直流电源。 (3)I/O 单元:该模块主要采集光电编码器测角信号。 (4)电机控制接口:由该接口输出控制脉冲信号和方向信号给步进电机 驱动模块。
1 光电成像跟踪系统总体设计
实时光电成像跟踪系统的主要任务是从目标的图像序列中检测运动信 息,估计运动及参数并给出伺服机构控制算法,从而使光电成像跟踪系统准 确跟踪目标或目标特征的运动轨迹。
1.1 光电成像跟踪系统工作原理
光电成像跟踪系统通常是由探测系统及伺服机构联合组成的。探测系统 提供测量信息,伺服机构完成对目标的跟踪,结构如图-1 所示。
2 系统硬件设计
系统硬件平台是完成运动目标自动检测与跟踪的重要保证,通过对实验 场景的分析以及目标检测和跟踪算法的研究,根据性能要求和实验室设备条 件,本文设计研制了一套硬件平台:采用 DSP 实验系统作为转台控制系统主 要的硬件处理器;选定了用于获取图像的 CCD 摄像机、图像采集卡和二维精 密电控旋转台;以及转台步进电机驱动器、光电编码器、光电耦合器等;图 像输出设备采用了实验室里己有的显示器。本章将对本系统主要的硬件部分 的构成及功能做详细的介绍。
photoshop大作业
Photoshop课程期末作业
1.由于原图有点曝光过度,面部腿部皮肤颜色丢失,先降低曝光值,解决曝光过度问题,
再压低高光,降低白色,回复一下肤色。
2.压低黑色,使得学士服的颜色更黑;微调一下清晰度、自然饱和度、饱和度,使得整体清楚,颜色饱满。
3.调节色温,使得整体的色调更适合。
4.微调曲线,想进一步还原肤色,不过好像作用不大。
5.重新构图,减少头顶的空白。
6.复制图层,先再一次做整体色阶调整,调整完成后盖印。
7.Ctrl+Alt+2选出高光选取,Ctrl+j复制选取,图层模式选择滤色,调整不透明度,使得整体通透,完成后盖印。
8.通过计算命令(灰+灰正片叠底)选出高光,添加亮度/对比度蒙版,降低亮度,使得腿部的高光得以降低,完成后盖印。
9.放大图像,用污点修复工具对模特面部明显的痘痘之类的进行修复。
10.打开通道面板,单击红通道至创建新通道按钮,得到红副本通道。
11.对红通道副本进行曲线调整。
12.Ctrl+单击红通道副本通道得到选取,用套索工具执行从选取中减去,使选取只留下面部和头发。
13.复制选取,图层模式选择滤色,调整不透明度,使得面部皮肤显得白皙,头发丝通亮。
但是脖颈部显得有些暗,用套索工具大致选择出脖颈处,然后同上,调整不透明度使得脖颈处和面部没有太大的对比度,完成后盖印。
14.用液化工具对人物脸部进行微调。
15.先进行高斯模糊,然后添加黑蒙版,进行磨皮处理。
16.添加杂色,恢复皮肤的真实感。
17.至此完成对图像的后期处理,保存。
数码影像理论题目2012
、计算机软件是指()。
操作系统软件和应用软件系统软件和应用软件* 文字处理软件和高级语言使用程序和图形软件2、计算机的硬件主要由运算器、控制器、()、输入设备和输出设备等5大部分组成。
存储器* 打印机网卡插口3、()是为解决各种实际问题而编制的计算机应用程序。
图形软件系统软件应用软件* 操作系统4、计算机的存储器的作用是()。
读取和记录数据读取和记录图形读取和记录信息* 读取和记录文字5、计算机的中央处理器中,能直接读取的信息的存储器是()。
主存储器* 软盘硬盘优盘6、显示器是计算机的()设备。
主机程序处理输入输出*7、目前常用的操作系统有网络操作系统、UNIX和()等。
Office WPS Windows * Word8、操作系统在文件管理上,为防止其他用户擅自更改文件,系统可以采用()方法。
建立多个文本定时转达存储文件隐蔽文件目录*改变文件的存储结构9、对计算机系统进行控制和管理作用的是()。
硬件操作系统* 编译系统应用系统10、在Windows中,可以从()菜单中启动大多数的应用程序。
工具编辑窗口开始*11、计算机操作系统负责管理计算机的()。
程序作业资源* 进程12、在Windows中,大多数的应用程序都可以从()菜单中启动。
工具编辑开始* 窗口13、关闭Windows,要先(),并回到Windows的桌面。
按“回车”键按“Esc”键按“Ctrl”键关闭所有已打开的窗口和正在运行的程序*14、要先(),并回到Windows的桌面,才能关闭Windows。
按“回车”键关闭所有已打开的窗口和正在运行的程序*按“Esc”键按“Ctrl”键15、在Windows的桌面可单击(),进入关闭Windows程序。
“回车”键“Esc”键“开始”按钮* “Ctrl”键16、在()中,我们可以看出整个计算机系统的文件组织结构。
“桌面”窗口“Office”界面“我的电脑”窗口“资源管理器”窗口*17、在()中,可以随时切换于“桌面”窗口与各驱动器之间的窗口。
15秋西南大作业9124_计算机图像处理基础_标准答案
(4)、GIF文件格式
(5)、JPEG文件格式
(6)、TGA格式
(7)、EXIF格式
(8)、FPX图像文件格式
(9)、SVG格式
(10)、PSD文件格式
(11)、CDR文件格式
(12)、PCD文件格式
(13)、DXF文件格式
(14)、UFO文件格式
(15)、EPS文件格式
(3)点击右键,选择拼合图层。拼合图层就是当一张图片制作完成之后,可以把所有的图层都合并成一张完整的图片
(4)选择需要合并的图层。点击右键,选择合并图层。合并图层就是合并选定的图层。
(5)合并图层,还可以通过“图层”菜单来选择。
4、常用的图像格式有哪些。
答:(1)、BMP图像文件格式
(2)、PCX图像文件格式
西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试答题卷
课程名称【编号】:计算机图像处理基础【9124】
题号
一
二
三
四
五
总分
评卷人
得分
(横线以下为答题区)
一、大作业题目
1、简述图层的分类及其特点。
答:图层的种类有多种:背景图层、空白图层Байду номын сангаас文本图层、形状图层、调整层和填充层。
图层的几个基本特点:①.图层之间的顺序可以任意调换
在计算机图形处理中,色域是颜色的某个完全的子集。颜色子集最常见的应用是用来精确地代表一种给定的情况。例如一个给定的色彩空间或是某个输出装置的呈色范围。
\
②.下面的图层可以透过上页层的透明度区域显现出来
③.在一个图层上进行的操作不会影响到其他图层
④.看到的最终影像是图层叠加的总和
3、简述图层合并的方法
数字图像处理大作业(DOC)
大作业指导书题目:数字图像处理院(系):物联网工程学院专业: 计算机班级:计算机1401-1406指导老师:学号:姓名:设计时间: 2016-2017学年 1学期摘要 (3)一、简介 (3)二、斑点数据模型.参数估计与解释 (4)三、水平集框架 (5)1.能量泛函映射 (5)2.水平集传播模型 (6)3.随机评估方法 (7)四、实验结果 (8)五、总结 (11)基于水平集方法和G0模型的SAR图像分割Abstract(摘要)这篇文章提出了一种分割SAR图像的方法,探索利用SAR数据中的统计特性将图像分区域。
我们假设为SAR图像分割分配参数,并与水平集模型相结合。
分布属于G分布中的一种,处于数据建模的目的,它们已经成功的被用于振幅SAR图像中不同区域的建模。
这种统计数据模型是驱动能量泛函执行区域映射的基础,被引用到水平集传播数值方案中,将SAR 图像分为均匀、异构和极其异构区域。
此外,我们引入了一个基于随机距离和模型的评估过程,用于量化我们方法的鲁棒性和准确性。
实验结果表明,我们的算法对合成和真实SAR 数据都具有准确性。
+简介1、Induction(简介)合成孔径雷达系统是一种成像装置,采用相干照明比如激光和超声波,并会受到斑点噪声的影响。
在SAR图像处理过程中,返回的是斑点噪声和雷达切面建模在一起的结果。
这个积性模型(文献[1])因包含大量的真实SAR数据,并且在获取过程中斑点噪声被建模为固有的一部分而被广泛应用。
因此,SAR图像应用区域边界和目标检测变得更加困难,可能需要斑点去除。
因此,斑点去除是必需的,有效的方法可以在文献[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]中找到。
对于SAR图像分割,水平集方法构成一类基于哈密顿-雅克比公式的重要算法。
水平集方法允许有效的分割标准公式,从文献[12]中讨论的传播函数项可以得到。
经典方法有着昂贵的计算成本,但现在的水平集的实现配置了有趣的低成本的替换。
数字摄影与影像处理考核试卷
1.在相同的拍摄条件下,光圈越大,景深越深。()
2.提高ISO值可以增加照片的噪点。()
3.在Photoshop中,使用“曲线”工具可以调整图像的对比度和亮度。()
4.所有类型的镜头都可以在所有相机上使用,无需考虑兼容性。()
数字摄影与影像处理考核试卷
考生姓名:__________答题日期:_______年__月__日得分:____________判卷人:__________
一、单项选择题(本题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)
1.数字摄影中,以下哪个因素对照片的曝光有直接影响?()
5.使用三脚架可以完全消除由于手抖引起的模糊。()
6. JPEG格式是一种无损压缩的图像格式。()
7.在影像处理中,锐化工具可以增加图像的细节和清晰度。()
8.摄影中的“白平衡”用于调整图像的整体色彩平衡。()
9.快门速度越快,进入相机的光线越少。()
10.在拍摄风景时,通常使用大光圈以获得更大的景深。()
C.拍摄快速移动的物体
D.需要减少反光
13.在影像处理中,以下哪些功能可以用于图像合成?()
A.图层蒙版
B.矢量蒙版
C.混合模式
D.色彩调整
14.以下哪些设备可以帮助摄影师在户外拍摄时查看图像?()
A.高分辨率笔记本电脑
B.外接监视器
C.相机内置屏幕
D.手机
15.数字摄影中,以下哪些设置可以帮助减少噪点?()
1.在数字摄影中,相机的ISO值表示相机的__________。
2.光圈的大小用__________值来表示。
大学摄影作业
09级教育技术学
陈怡羽
白 炽 灯
荧 光 灯
闪光灯
阴 天
阴影
直射阳光
收获
这一组照片是在傍晚时照的,色温偏低。 可从照片中看出,白炽灯、荧光灯、闪光 灯的色温都高于此时色温,照片偏蓝;阴 天、阴影较为接近此时色温;直射阳光低 于此时色温,照片偏黄。因而白平衡因根 据不同时间段的色温进行调整。
人 像
白平衡:自动0 感光度:自动(ISO400) 光圈:F/5.6 快门:1/125秒 色彩模式:|a(动-3
自动+3
收获
日光下,自动调整0更贴切实际物体的颜色, 自动-3偏黄、自动+3偏蓝,可知自动调整 增加,色温升高。因而在此条件下应根据 所照物体的实际温度调整幅度。
分档预设
直射阳光0
直射阳光 -3
直射阳光+3
收获
由于所照照片是在晴天,色温大概在5000K 左右,因而符合白平衡下的直射阳光模式, 所以区别不大。
光 圈 优 先
白平衡:自动0 感光度:自动(ISO100) 光圈: F/5.6 快门:1/25秒 色彩模式:|||a(SRGB)
收获
人像、风景、近景对于这个物体而言都将 主体突出,但人像更加清晰、风景的颜色 相对饱和;儿童照和光圈优先都给人柔和 的感觉,但光圈优先更加清晰;夜间人像 色温较高有点偏蓝。(但此组照片给予的 视觉对比不够明显,因而收获不大。)
风 景
白平衡:自动0 感光度:自动(ISO220) 光圈:F/5.6快门: 1/60秒 色彩模式:|||a(SRGB)
儿 童 照
白平衡:自动0 感光度:自动(ISO400) 光圈:F/5.6快门: 1/100秒 色彩模式:|a(SRGB)
运 动
图像处理大作业
重庆科技学院《图像处理》课程大作业院(系):_电气与信息工程学院_专业班级:计科1004 学生姓名:谢子洋学号: 2010441747 设计地点(单位) I515设计题目:数字图像处理大作业完成日期: 2012年月日指导教师评语: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________成绩(五级记分制):______ __________指导教师(签字):________ ________1 大作业题目1.1连续图像f(x.y)和数字图像I(r,c)中各分量的含义是什么?他们有什么联系和区别?取值范围在什么范围?答:连续图像f(x,y)对应一个2-D数组,这里想x,y表示2D空间XY里面的坐标点的位置,f则表示图像在(x,y)的某种性质F的数值,其中图像的实际尺寸更具图像的实际大小所限制的。
数字图像I(r,c)也对应一个2-D数组,I代表离散化都的f,(r,c)代表离散化后的(x,y),r代表图像的行,c代表图像的列,这里的I,r,c都是整数。
连续图像f(x,y)代表的连续实际图像,F是指图像在f的各个分量上的值。
例如:二值灰度值图像,其中f在x,y分量上只有0 和1 两个值。
这个也适用于rgb彩色图像。
一个函数可由n阶泰特公式展开,因此,数字图像虽然没有完全刻画Original图像,利用计数机高速度计算,将这个整体的Original图像分割,以点的值存储到相应的坐标点上。
其中 f(x,y)的值是任意实数,而 I, c,r的值都是整数1.2发光强度及亮度、照度各有什么不同?答:发光强度只指光源的能量辐射强度;亮度是指扩展光源在某个方向上的单位投影面积的发光强度;照度是指光源照射到母体表面的光通量,它是光源对物体辐射的一种量度。
《数字图像处理》复习大作业及答案
《数字图像处理》复习⼤作业及答案2014年上学期《数字图像处理》复习⼤作业及参考答案=====================================================⼀、选择题(共20题)1、采⽤幂次变换进⾏灰度变换时,当幂次取⼤于1时,该变换是针对如下哪⼀类图像进⾏增强。
(B)A 图像整体偏暗B 图像整体偏亮C图像细节淹没在暗背景中D图像同时存在过亮和过暗背景2、图像灰度⽅差说明了图像哪⼀个属性。
(B )A 平均灰度B 图像对⽐度C 图像整体亮度D图像细节3、计算机显⽰器主要采⽤哪⼀种彩⾊模型( A )A、RGBB、CMY或CMYKC、HSID、HSV4、采⽤模板[-1 1]T主要检测( A )⽅向的边缘。
A.⽔平B.45?C.垂直D.135?5、下列算法中属于图象锐化处理的是:( C )A.低通滤波B.加权平均法C.⾼通滤波D. 中值滤波6、维纳滤波器通常⽤于( C )A、去噪B、减⼩图像动态范围C、复原图像D、平滑图像7、彩⾊图像增强时, C 处理可以采⽤RGB彩⾊模型。
A. 直⽅图均衡化B. 同态滤波C. 加权均值滤波D. 中值滤波8、__B__滤波器在对图像复原过程中需要计算噪声功率谱和图像功率谱。
A. 逆滤波B. 维纳滤波C. 约束最⼩⼆乘滤波D. 同态滤波9、⾼通滤波后的图像通常较暗,为改善这种情况,将⾼通滤波器的转移函数加上⼀常数量以便引⼊⼀些低频分量。
这样的滤波器叫B。
A. 巴特沃斯⾼通滤波器B. ⾼频提升滤波器C. ⾼频加强滤波器D. 理想⾼通滤波器10、图象与灰度直⽅图间的对应关系是 B __A.⼀⼀对应B.多对⼀C.⼀对多D.都不11、下列算法中属于图象锐化处理的是:CA.低通滤波B.加权平均法C.⾼通滤D. 中值滤波12、⼀幅256*256的图像,若灰度级数为16,则存储它所需的⽐特数是:( A )A、256KB、512KC、1M C、2M13、噪声有以下某⼀种特性( D )A、只含有⾼频分量B、其频率总覆盖整个频谱C、等宽的频率间隔内有相同的能量D、总有⼀定的随机性14. 利⽤直⽅图取单阈值⽅法进⾏图像分割时:(B)a.图像中应仅有⼀个⽬标b.图像直⽅图应有两个峰c.图像中⽬标和背景应⼀样⼤d. 图像中⽬标灰度应⽐背景⼤15. 在单变量变换增强中,最容易让⼈感到图像内容发⽣变化的是( C )A亮度增强觉B饱和度增强C⾊调增强D不⼀定哪种增强16、利⽤平滑滤波器可对图像进⾏低通滤波,消除噪声,但同时模糊了细节。
数字图像处理期末大作业
数字图像处理期末大作业一、问题描述实现第十章中采用Hough变换来检测图像中圆的过程。
,通过包括平滑(把细节去除),边缘检测(得到轮廓)以及Hough变换得到的圆,并把结果叠加到原来的灰度图像上。
给出具体的过程,中间结果,最后结果,实现的代码,并写出报告。
二、图片的获取以及预处理针对老师提供的一副硬币图片,要求检测出其中的hough圆,并叠加到原图像上以便增强图像。
在检测hough圆之前,首先要对图像进行平滑处理,进行拉普拉斯变换,然后检测垂直方向,水平方向,+45度和-45度方向的边缘,将四个方向的边缘叠加起来,得到总的边缘,对该图像进行二值化,然后对得到的图像检测其hough圆,得到圆形边缘,将该图像叠加到原图像上,就实现了图像边缘增强的目的。
三、图像处理算法的基本原理以及处理结果本实验流程图如下:1.读取图像图像处理的第一步就是对所采集的图像进行读入,本次实验的输入图像是一幅灰度图像,不需要将图像转换成为灰度图像,直接利用函数imread ()完成。
原图像如下所示:原图像2.图像预处理在图像预处理中,我们完成了两步工作,首先使用方差为1的高斯噪声对图像进行平滑,然后进行拉普拉斯变换,即)],(*)([2y x f r h ∇,222r 2e 21)(σσ-=πr h 为方差为2σ的高斯噪声,本实验中12=σ。
又),(*)]([)],(*)([22y x f r h y x f r h ∇=∇,其中2224222]2[)(σσσr er r h --=∇,将)(2r h ∇和),(y x f 分别进行傅里叶别换,将其逐点相乘,再进行傅里叶反变换,就得到了预处理后的图像。
3.边缘检测对水平,垂直,+45度,-45度方向进行边缘检测,本实验中我们采用了Prewitt 梯度算子,它用于检测水平方向,垂直方向,+45度方向和-45度方向的掩膜分别如下:水平掩膜 垂直掩膜 +45度掩膜 -45度掩膜使用这四个掩膜分别对上一步得到的图像逐点进行处理,就可以得到四个方向的边缘了(本实验中边缘的一个像素都不处理),再将它们加起来,就得到了总的边缘,实验结果如下:水平边缘垂直边缘-45度边缘总的边缘如下图所示:4.二值化对上图得到的图像进行二值化,这里我采用的是循环方式确定图像全局阈值,即首先以图像的平均值作为阈值,将图像分成两部分,分别求两部分的平均值,新的阈值为这两个平均值的均值,重复上述过程,直到两次阈值之差小于特定的值时停止,并以最后一次得到的阈值对图像进行二值化,本实验中我要求两次阈值之差小于0.5时停止,最后得到的全局阈值为 -102.1332,二值化后的图像如下所示:二值化后的图像5.Hough变换检测圆形边界Hough 变换的原理就是利用图像全局特征将边缘像素连接起来组成区域封闭边界,它将图像空间转换到参数空间,在参数空间对点进行描述,达到检测图像边缘的目的。
数码影像理论题(完整)
单选题 1、计算机的存储器的作用是(C) 。 (A)读取和记录数据 (B)读取和记录图形 (C)读取和记录信息 (D)读取和记录文字 C 选项包括 ABC 的概念 2、计算机的中央处理器能直接读取的信息的存储器是(A) 。 (A)主存储器 (B)软盘 (C)硬盘 (D)优盘 3、计算机系统是由硬件系统与(B)两部分组成的。 A.主机系统 B. 软件系统 C.外部系统 D.应用系统 软件系统 安装在电脑里的各种程序与游戏 4、显示器是计算机的(D)设备。 (A)主机 (B)程序处理 (C)输入 (D)输出 4、计算机软件是指(B) 。 (A)操作系统软件和应用软件(B)系统软件和应用软件(C)文字处理软件和高级语言 (D)使用程序和图形软件 系统软件:如 WINDOWS XP,WINDOWS98 应用软件:PHOTOSHOP,WORD,PREMIERE 等程序 5、计算机系统是由(C)两大部分组成。 (A)键盘和鼠标(B)机箱和显示器(C)软件系统和硬件系统(D)内存和硬盘 6、计算机 CPU 主要功能是(B) 。 (A)存储数据 (B)处理数据和执行程序指令 (C)输入数据 (D)输出数据 B 选项包括 ACD 7、计算机中,1G=(B) 。 (A)1000M (B)1024M (C)1000K (D)1024K 8、计算机的(A)键是粘贴的快捷键。 (A)Ctrl+V (B)Ctrl+A (C)Ctrl+C (D)Ctrl+T 9、计算机中撤消上一步的快捷键是(B) 。 (A)Ctrl+V (B)Ctrl+Z (C)Ctrl+C (D)Ctrl+T 10、计算机操作系统是(D) 。 (A)硬件 (B)应用软件 (C)工具软件 (D)系统软件 11、计算机操作系统负责管理计算机的(C) 。 (A)程序 (B)作业 (C)资源 (D)进程 12、对计算机系统进行控制和管理作用的是(B) (A)硬件 (B)操作系统 (C)编译系统 (D)应用系统 13、操作系统在文件管理上,为防止其他用户擅自更改文件,系统可以采用(C)方法。 (A)建立多个文本 (B)定时转达储文件 (C)隐蔽文件目录 (D)改变文件的存储结构 14、开启计算机的程序是(B) 。 (A)先开主机电源再开显示器电源 (B)先开显示器电源再开主机电源 (C)先开打印机电源再开显示器电源 (D)先开输出设备电源再电源开主机电源 网吧和机房内的显示器从不关闭,就是为了先开显示器再开主机电源。这样不会导致电压过大造成硬件损伤。 15、计算机中,关机的程序是(B) 。 (A)先关显示器电源,再关主机电源 (B)先关主机电源,再关显示器电源 (C)先关外部设备电源,再关显示器电源 (D)先关外部设备电源,再关主机电源 16、照相机一般由照相物镜、快门、 ( B) 、卷片机构、机身部件和控制电路等部件所组成。 (A)卷片器 (B)取景器 (C)遥控器 (D)测光表 照相物镜就是传说中的镜头 17、镜头主要由(C) 、光学系统、光阑机构和调焦机构等部件组成 (A)垫圈 (B)反光镜 (C)镜筒 (D)螺杆 18、照相镜头的鉴别率的测定有投影法和(B)两种。 (A)对比法 (B)摄影法 (C)目测法 (D)读数法
视觉设计《摄影》课综合大作业题
视觉设计《摄影》课综合大作业纺织与服装学院视觉设计13-1 2015年10月姓名:杨洋学号:20132306046 个人正面近照1张。
指导教师:陈述一、名词解释题1、“曝光三要素”答:曝光三要素:光圈、快门、ISO(感光度)2、“光圈”答:光圈是一个用来控制光线透过镜头,进入机身内感光面的光量的装置,它通常是在镜头内。
3、“光圈优先模式”答:光圈优先是指由机器自动测光系统计算出曝光量的值,然后根据你选定的光圈大小自动决定用多少的快门。
4、“安全快门”答:数码相机的安全快门通常在1/30s或是1/60s ,相机“喀嚓”的瞬间,相机就执行曝光过程,这个时间如果低于1/60s ,便很容易因为手的晃动,而让画面变的很模糊5、“镜头”(影视)答:电影镜头,摄影机的镜头,是由一系列玻璃或透明物质所组成。
其任务在于把各种射向镜头的光线,聚集于焦点平面,使得影片感光。
二、填空题1、光圈越大,镜头的通光量也就(越大),所需的曝光时间就(越短),反之光圈逐渐的缩小,进光量也就(越小).2、在光线充足的情况下,(低) ISO可以保证画面的纯净度,(高)ISO则可以保证在弱光环境下照片的清晰.3、拍摄雪景的时候特别要注意,根据雪为白色的特性你需要大幅度的增加曝光补偿,通常至少+1EV以保证雪为白色,这在摄影中参考的是(“白加黑减”)的原则。
4、在使用相机的过程中,会遇到你不满意的曝光效果,这时候你只要适当增加或减少(曝光补偿)就可以解决问题。
5、当你不确定在当前场景下用什么样的感光度合适,那么你可以将ISO设定到(AUTO档上),让相机自动检测现场环境,提供出对应的ISO进行拍摄,也是一个保证正常曝光的好办法。
6、使用EF 50mm f/1.4 USM镜头拍摄,快门最好不要低于( 1 /60s),如使用EF 70-300mm f/4-5.6L IS USM这样的镜头,你在长焦段300mm端,拍摄就不要使用低于(1/300s)的快门速度。
数码摄影技巧考试 选择题45题 附答案
1. 数码摄影的基本要素包括哪些?A. 曝光B. 焦距C. 构图D. 以上都是答案:D2. 以下哪项是曝光的三要素?A. 快门速度B. 光圈C. ISO感光度D. 以上都是答案:D3. 快门速度的主要作用是什么?A. 控制光线进入时间B. 控制景深C. 控制图像亮度D. 以上都不是答案:A4. 光圈的主要作用是什么?A. 控制光线进入时间B. 控制景深C. 控制图像亮度D. 以上都不是答案:B5. ISO感光度的主要作用是什么?A. 控制光线进入时间B. 控制景深C. 控制图像亮度D. 以上都不是答案:C6. 以下哪项是构图的基本原则?A. 三分法则B. 对称C. 引导线D. 以上都是答案:D7. 三分法则的主要目的是什么?A. 创造平衡B. 增加动感C. 突出主题D. 以上都是答案:D8. 对称构图的主要特点是什么?A. 平衡感B. 静态感C. 正式感D. 以上都是答案:D9. 引导线构图的主要目的是什么?A. 创造平衡B. 增加动感C. 突出主题D. 以上都是答案:C10. 以下哪项是数码摄影的常用拍摄模式?A. 自动模式B. 光圈优先模式C. 快门优先模式D. 手动模式E. 以上都是答案:E11. 自动模式的主要特点是什么?A. 相机自动设置曝光B. 用户控制光圈C. 用户控制快门速度D. 用户控制ISO答案:A12. 光圈优先模式的主要特点是什么?A. 相机自动设置曝光B. 用户控制光圈C. 用户控制快门速度D. 用户控制ISO13. 快门优先模式的主要特点是什么?A. 相机自动设置曝光B. 用户控制光圈C. 用户控制快门速度D. 用户控制ISO答案:C14. 手动模式的主要特点是什么?A. 相机自动设置曝光B. 用户控制光圈C. 用户控制快门速度D. 用户控制ISO答案:D15. 以下哪项是数码摄影的常用对焦模式?A. 单次对焦B. 连续对焦C. 手动对焦D. 以上都是答案:D16. 单次对焦的主要特点是什么?A. 适合静态物体B. 适合动态物体C. 用户手动调整D. 以上都不是答案:A17. 连续对焦的主要特点是什么?A. 适合静态物体B. 适合动态物体C. 用户手动调整D. 以上都不是答案:B18. 手动对焦的主要特点是什么?A. 适合静态物体B. 适合动态物体C. 用户手动调整D. 以上都不是19. 以下哪项是数码摄影的常用测光模式?A. 矩阵测光B. 中央重点测光C. 点测光D. 以上都是答案:D20. 矩阵测光的主要特点是什么?A. 适合整体场景B. 适合中央主题C. 适合特定区域D. 以上都不是答案:A21. 中央重点测光的主要特点是什么?A. 适合整体场景B. 适合中央主题C. 适合特定区域D. 以上都不是答案:B22. 点测光的主要特点是什么?A. 适合整体场景B. 适合中央主题C. 适合特定区域D. 以上都不是答案:C23. 以下哪项是数码摄影的常用白平衡模式?A. 自动白平衡B. 日光C. 阴影D. 以上都是答案:D24. 自动白平衡的主要特点是什么?A. 相机自动调整B. 适合日光C. 适合阴影D. 以上都不是25. 日光白平衡的主要特点是什么?A. 相机自动调整B. 适合日光C. 适合阴影D. 以上都不是答案:B26. 阴影白平衡的主要特点是什么?A. 相机自动调整B. 适合日光C. 适合阴影D. 以上都不是答案:C27. 以下哪项是数码摄影的常用曝光补偿?A. 增加曝光B. 减少曝光C. 自动曝光D. 以上都是答案:D28. 增加曝光的主要目的是什么?A. 使图像更亮B. 使图像更暗C. 自动调整D. 以上都不是答案:A29. 减少曝光的主要目的是什么?A. 使图像更亮B. 使图像更暗C. 自动调整D. 以上都不是答案:B30. 自动曝光的主要特点是什么?A. 使图像更亮B. 使图像更暗C. 自动调整D. 以上都不是31. 以下哪项是数码摄影的常用闪光灯模式?A. 自动闪光B. 强制闪光C. 关闭闪光D. 以上都是答案:D32. 自动闪光的主要特点是什么?A. 相机自动判断B. 强制开启C. 强制关闭D. 以上都不是答案:A33. 强制闪光的主要特点是什么?A. 相机自动判断B. 强制开启C. 强制关闭D. 以上都不是答案:B34. 关闭闪光的主要特点是什么?A. 相机自动判断B. 强制开启C. 强制关闭D. 以上都不是答案:C35. 以下哪项是数码摄影的常用镜头类型?A. 标准镜头B. 广角镜头C. 长焦镜头D. 以上都是答案:D36. 标准镜头的主要特点是什么?A. 适合人像B. 适合风景C. 适合远距离D. 以上都不是37. 广角镜头的主要特点是什么?A. 适合人像B. 适合风景C. 适合远距离D. 以上都不是答案:B38. 长焦镜头的主要特点是什么?A. 适合人像B. 适合风景C. 适合远距离D. 以上都不是答案:C39. 以下哪项是数码摄影的常用滤镜类型?A. UV滤镜B. 偏振滤镜C. 渐变滤镜D. 以上都是答案:D40. UV滤镜的主要作用是什么?A. 保护镜头B. 增加对比度C. 平衡光线D. 以上都不是答案:A41. 偏振滤镜的主要作用是什么?A. 保护镜头B. 增加对比度C. 平衡光线D. 以上都不是答案:B42. 渐变滤镜的主要作用是什么?A. 保护镜头B. 增加对比度C. 平衡光线D. 以上都不是43. 以下哪项是数码摄影的常用后期处理软件?A. PhotoshopB. LightroomC. GIMPD. 以上都是答案:D44. Photoshop的主要特点是什么?A. 专业图像编辑B. 专业图像管理C. 免费图像编辑D. 以上都不是答案:A45. Lightroom的主要特点是什么?A. 专业图像编辑B. 专业图像管理C. 免费图像编辑D. 以上都不是答案:B。
参考学习资料 摄影摄像 20150402摄影作业参考答案
2015.04.02摄影作业参考答案
1、约定俗成的安全快门时间一般为你所使用的镜头焦距或变焦头的所在焦段毫米数的倒数,比如,你使用了一个50毫米镜头或24-70变焦头的50毫米段,你手持相机拍摄,相机机振影响可以接受的快门时间下限就是1/50或整级数1/60秒。
低于此界限值的快门时间,机振对影像质量的影响就会比较明显了。
2、使用专用APS格式镜头的APS格式相机(半幅)安全快门时间,可以是焦距或焦段数的二倍的倒数,比如你使用18-55变焦头的55段时,安全快门时间就是1/100秒左右。
若用APS的18-135头的135段时,安全快门时间是1/270,没这个数时,稍微扩大或缩小一点都可以,比如,1/250或1/320都可以。
3、对于高像素相机,由于像素数很高,对机振极为敏感,为了充分发挥高像素的优势,如D800,拍摄时安全快门时间最好缩短一些,两级为宜。
计算机摄影学大作业
计算机摄影大作业1.大作业实现的主要功能是用OPENCV将一张照片变成灰色(也就是黑白),还有把边缘检测出来,分别用三张照片显示原图,黑白图和边缘图。
2.代码如下:#include "cv.h"#include "cxcore.h"#include "highgui.h"int main( intargc, char** argv ){//声明IplImage指针IplImage* gray = NULL;IplImage* canny = NULL;IplImage* color = NULL;char *filename;filename="深沉沉的陈晨升.jpg";gray=cvLoadImage(filename);color = cvLoadImage(filename);//载入图像,强制转化为Grayif((gray = cvLoadImage(filename, 0)) != 0 ){canny = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(color), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);//canny边缘检测cvCanny(color, canny, 50, 150, 3);cvNamedWindow("gray", 1);cvNamedWindow("canny", 1);cvNamedWindow("color", 1);//显示图像cvShowImage( "gray", gray );cvShowImage("color", color);cvShowImage("canny", canny);cvWaitKey(0); //等待按键//销毁窗口cvDestroyWindow( "gray" );cvDestroyWindow("color");cvDestroyWindow("canny");//释放图像cvReleaseImage(&gray );cvReleaseImage(&color);cvReleaseImage(&canny);return 0;}return -1;}实现的结果:原图:黑白图:Canny(边缘检测图):3.代码分析:IplImage* gray = NULL;IplImage* canny = NULL;IplImage* color = NULL;char *filename;filename="深沉沉的陈晨升.jpg";定义三种图片,载入原图。
数码摄影艺术作业
《数码摄影艺术》作业学院:专业:姓名:学号:指导老师:简答题1.简答数码相机光圈优先模式和快门优先模式各自的特点答:光圈优先模式:⑴拍摄者先设定光圈大小,数码相机根据光圈大小自动调整快门速度,使总曝光量满足拍摄要求;⑵使用光圈优先模式主要是为了控制景深。
使用大光圈可以获得小景深,用于虚化背景,突出主体;⑶使用小光圈可以获得大景深,大景深模式用于风景的拍摄,表现大场面。
快门优先模式:⑴拍摄先设定快门速度,数码相机根据快门速度自动调整光圈大小,使总曝光量满足拍摄要求;⑵快门速度越快,拍摄的运动物体就越清晰。
快门速度越慢,拍摄的运动物体就越模糊。
2.简述景深的原理,影响景深的要素有哪些.答:景深原理:从理论上说,只有处于焦平面(与镜头等距离的物体)才是清晰的,但是,由于肉眼的辨别能力有限,在一般情况下,焦点平面前后的一些物体,也会觉得很清晰,那么这种从焦点到焦点前后延伸出来的这一段纵深距离,就是景深。
影响景深的要素: ⑴光圈与景深成反比;⑵摄距与景深成正比;⑶镜头焦距与景深成反比。
3.简答摄影用光中侧光和逆光的特点侧光特点:由于光线和被摄物体形成了一定的角度,所以被射物体表面有受光面和阴影面的差别,构成了一定的明暗的变化,可以形成比较丰富的影调层次,较好地表现景物的立体感、轮廓感和表面质感,尤其是对粗糙、凹凸不平的物体表面,表现极为突出。
逆光特点:能很好地突出被摄物体,表现被摄景物的轮廓线条、空气透视效果和空间深度。
因为逆光使被摄物面向摄影机的一面全部或大部分处在阴影中,当背景较明亮时,被摄物会以较深的色调从背景中突出出来;当背景较暗时,逆光照明能使背景和被摄物间产生“亮线”,把被摄物的轮廓勾画出来。
4.简答数码相机具有几种测光模式,每种测光模式各有什么特点⑴平均测模式:平均测光模式测量的是整个拍摄画面的平均光亮度,根据其测光值采用高级算法计算,转换得到曝光值。
⑵中央重点测光模式: 把测光重点放在取景的中央部分,约占画面的60%,并兼顾取景范围内的整体亮度来确定曝光值。
多媒体技术大作业
天津大学网络教育学院《多媒体技术》课程大作业一、基础知识题1.名词解释⑴平面构图艺术家为了体现作品旳主题思想和美感效果,在一定旳空间,安排和处理人、物旳关系和位置,把个别或局部旳形象构成艺术旳整体。
⑵ BMP格式图像文献BMP是一种与硬件设备无关旳图像文献格式,采用位映射存储格式,除了图像深度可选以外,不采用其他任何压缩。
改文献旳图像深度可选lbit、4bit、8bit及24bit。
BMP文献存储数据时,图像旳扫描方式是按从左到右、从下到上旳次序。
⑶知识冗余由图像旳记录方式与人对图像旳知识差异所产生旳冗余称为知识冗余。
人对许多图像旳理解与某些基础知识有很大旳有关性。
⑷图像选区在图像中被选中并且可以操作旳区域。
⑸矢量动画矢量动画即是在计算机中使用数学方程来描述屏幕上复杂旳曲线,运用图形旳抽象运动特性来记录变化旳画面信息旳动画。
2.简答题⑴简述视频卡旳种类及其功能。
视频卡旳种类及功能如下:1)视频捕捉卡,将视频信号持续转换成计算机存储旳数字信号保留在计算机中或在VGA显示屏上显示。
又称为视频采集卡2)视频压缩卡,可以实时完毕压缩旳视频捕捉卡。
3)视频播放卡,实现将压缩保留在计算机中旳视频信号在计算机旳显示屏上播放出来。
又称为电影回放卡、MPEG解压缩卡4)电视卡,将原则旳NTSC、PAL、SECAM电视信号转换成VGA信号在计算机屏幕上显示。
此类卡也称为TV-VGA卡或电视调谐卡,与下面旳TV编码器又合称为电视转换卡。
5)TV编码器,将计算机旳VGA信号转换为NTSC、PAL、SECAM等原则旳信号在电视上播放或进行录像,此类卡也称为PC-TV卡、VGA-TV卡等。
⑵简述点、线、面旳构图规则。
平面构成是在二维平面上进行旳导致活动,它旳构成元素是点、线、面、按一定旳法则,用规则或不规则旳措施导致新旳美旳形态,使人产生有规则旳起伏,有节奏旳韵律、有条理旳动感和新奇、奇特旳视觉感受平面构成旳框架一切用于平面构成中旳可见旳视觉元素,通称形象,基本形即是最基本旳形象;限制和管辖基本形在平面构成中旳多种不一样旳编排,即是骨格。
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计算机摄影大作业
1.大作业实现的主要功能是用OPENCV将一张照片变成灰色(也就是黑白),
还有把边缘检测出来,分别用三张照片显示原图,黑白图和边缘图。
2.代码如下:
#include "cv.h"
#include "cxcore.h"
#include "highgui.h"
int main( intargc, char** argv )
{
//声明IplImage指针
IplImage* gray = NULL;
IplImage* canny = NULL;
IplImage* color = NULL;
char *filename;
filename="深沉沉的陈晨升.jpg";
gray=cvLoadImage(filename);
color = cvLoadImage(filename);
//载入图像,强制转化为Gray
if((gray = cvLoadImage(filename, 0)) != 0 )
{
canny = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(color), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);
//canny边缘检测
cvCanny(color, canny, 50, 150, 3);
cvNamedWindow("gray", 1);
cvNamedWindow("canny", 1);
cvNamedWindow("color", 1);
//显示图像
cvShowImage( "gray", gray );
cvShowImage("color", color);
cvShowImage("canny", canny);
cvWaitKey(0); //等待按键
//销毁窗口
cvDestroyWindow( "gray" );
cvDestroyWindow("color");
cvDestroyWindow("canny");
//释放图像
cvReleaseImage(&gray );
cvReleaseImage(&color);
cvReleaseImage(&canny);
return 0;
}
return -1;
}
实现的结果:原图:
黑白图:
Canny(边缘检测图):
3.代码分析:
IplImage* gray = NULL;
IplImage* canny = NULL;
IplImage* color = NULL;
char *filename;
filename="深沉沉的陈晨升.jpg";
定义三种图片,载入原图。
cvLoadImage( filename, 0 ); 强制转化读取图像为灰度图
canny = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(color), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);
cvCanny(color, canny, 50, 150, 3);边缘检测
cvNamedWindow("gray", 1);
cvNamedWindow("canny", 1);
cvNamedWindow("color", 1);命名三个显示图片的窗口。
cvShowImage( "gray", gray );
cvShowImage("color", color);
cvShowImage("canny", canny);在三个窗口分别显示三张图片。
cvWaitKey(0); 等待按键运行成功后,按下任意按钮,即可执行下面的程序。
cvDestroyWindow( "gray" );
cvDestroyWindow("color");
cvDestroyWindow("canny");关闭窗口
cvReleaseImage(&gray );
cvReleaseImage(&color);
cvReleaseImage(&canny);释放图片
4.遇到的困难和错误:首先是OPENCV的配置,虽然网上有一模一样的教程,
但是还是要配置两三次才能成功。
其次:完全没头绪OPENCV的代码的编写,只能在网上找资料,最后实现的功能也不是很复杂。
5.心得体会:虽然没有很深入的掌握到OPENCV的运用。
或者说还是不能靠
自己打出一串完整的代码,不过能学到点图像处理还是可以的。
技多不压身。