大连理工研究生复试题
大连理工研究生入学考试资料(回忆版)研究生入学复试面试问题(英文版)
Studies:☆ What’s your favorite subject at school?这个我说的history,就是十天上有一个大家自己找找，我书给人了找不到了Can you tell me something about it?☆ Do you think people who major in your field can find a job easily when they graduate?Well I suppose so.You know graduates with a Finance background are quite easy to find a job because China’s financial system is developing at a rapid speed.So there is a great demand.你父母为什么同意你选这个专业？Well choosing a major can be really tough task.My parents took the employment prospects into consideration at that time.You know,Finance is about creating value.And in competitive global markets,creating value is very hard to do.Yet this is what makes Finance both challenging and fun,and why a gedree in Finance can lead to a career that is both satisfying and lucrative.☆ What did you do on your first day at this school?Well,speaking of the first day at university,I guess it was called an orientation day.On that day,there was an orientation tour of the campus and a welcome meeting.Everything seemed fresh to me.Hometown:☆Is your city good for young people? Is it good for elderly people?I suppose it’s better for young people especially when you consider the nightlife in Beijing.Beijing has a dynamic and vibrant night life with countless bars and clubs.Young folks often go partying,clubbing and bar-hopping at night.However,Beijing is not that suitable for the seniors due to the fast pace of life.Many senior citizens find it difficult to adapt to it.☆ Are traffic jams bad in your city?Well in terms of traffic,I have to say that the traffic condition here in Beijing is terrible especially during rush hours.I frequently find myself sitiing in a bus stuck in traffic congestions for hours,which can be quite annoying sometimes.Accomodation:☆Do you live in a flat or a house?Well I live in a flat now with my folks,I mean my parents.As you may probably know that it’s a luxury to have a house in Beijing because the prices are surprisingly high.Is the rent expensive?Well my family owns the flat,so you know we don’t have to worry about the rent.If you have enough money, will you buy a house?Certainly.You know living in a house gives you a totally different feeling from living in an apartment.The rooms are spacious and the big windows let plenty of natural light in.Owning a house has long been a dream of mine,actually.Which room do you like best?Of course my room,you know.When my family moved into this apartment three years ago,I painted the wall blue myself.It was really a tough task,but memorable experience as well.Is there anything hanging on the wall?Well,there is a piece of Chinese ink painting and a family photo on the wall.How do you decorate your house / flat?When we moved into this apartment three years ago,I painted the wall blue myself.Also,last X’mas I bought a X’mas tree and I still keep it in my room.How many people live in your house/apartment?Well as you may probably guess,my family consists of my folks and I,by that I mean there are totally three people.邻居：☆ Have your neighbors help you with anything?Well,yes,many times.For example,last week when my computer didn’t work,I phoned the boy next door Jack to come over to my home to see what was wrong with my PC.you know Jack is majoring in computer science so he is computer-savvy.After a few seemingly simple steps the computer worked out again.I was grateful for Jack,you know.Do you prefer to have old people or young people as your neighbors?Well,to be quite honest,I would prefer the seniors to be my neighbours because they are always quiet and kind to people.However,young folks tend to make an awful lot of noise,which,sometimes can be pretty annoying.音乐：☆What’re your favorite kinds of music?Well in actual fact,I should say that I’m a big fan of hip-hop.You know that genre of music enjoys striking popularity among the young people all across the world.The reason why I’m enthusiastic about hip-hop is because I feel energetic after listening to this type of music.☆Do you think children should learn how to play musical instruments?Well as I see it,it’s quite important for children to learn to play an instrument because music makes people more imaginative and it molds one’s temperament as well.However,learning to play a musical instrument takes time and energy,and lots of money,for that matter.Why do we play music on festivals?Well I guess the main reason is that music can create an entertaining atmosphere.Everyone get excited after listening to some pretty hot music.颜色：☆ What’s your favorite color?Well I guess I’m fond of bright colours like orange.You know bright colours are considered outgoing and friendly and I’m exactly this type of person.Are there any special meanings to colors?Well certainly,you know,colors tell a lot about one’s personality and they affect our mood as well.Like for instance,soft colors like cream and brown are gentle and graceful,whereas in contrast,dark colors convey authority.旅游：☆Do you like traveling?Yes,I’m passionate about travelling primarily because travelling can be especially fun when you feel sick and tired of the daily grind.On top of that, it is a well-known fact that travelling expands your outlook.Also,I make friends during trips to other places.Where did you travel to in your latest trip?Well let me see.Um,during last winter vacation,I went to Hongkong with my mom.You know Hk is an amazing city with beautiful scenery and kind citizens.What’s more,Hk is where east meets west.So I’m pretty fond of the cultural diversity there.How long was the longest trip you took?Well I suppose I would have to say that my trip to Tibet last year was the longest and I stayed there for almost two months.You know I have a Tibet complex and Tibet is like somewhat holy to me,you know,mysterious I should say.TV:☆ How many hours do you spend on watching TV every day?Well to be quite honest,I should say that I always spend approximately two hours every day watching TV because there are always attractive programs like TV series,variety shows and sports games live on TV.What’re your favorite shows?Well there are quite a number of shows that I’m fond of.More precisely,I prefer talk shows because they are pretty informative and educational.Also,variety shows are appealing because they are always entertaining and amusing.☆ Do you like watching TV?Sure,I’m passionate about TV programs and I always spend about two hours watchingTV every day.To be more precise,I adore variety shows best because they are entertaining.收藏：☆ What do you collect?Well in general I should say that collecting is my greatest passion in life.I adore collecting things like souvenirs and tickets. I’m keen on those small things.You know,small is beautiful.Why do you collect them?Well,some people collect things for investment.However,I’m enthusiastic about collecting for fun,I love those small things deeply.You know,small is beautiful.天气：☆ What’s your favorite kind of weather?Well honestly speaking,I feel comfortable when it drizzles in summer.The rain can drive away the scorching heat and makes you feel comfortable.However,I feel upset when it pours.You know,weather can affect our mood to a large extent.Do you like places with four seasons or has the same weather all year round?Well in actual fact,if I think about it,I guess that I prefer places with four seasons like Beijing because you can experience four types of weather every year.However,places which have the same weather all year round are also good choices because you don’t have to bear the scorching heat in summer or the freezing cold during winter.花：☆ What're your favorite flowers?Well I guess I’m pretty fond of tulips and sunflowers.They look really appealing.You know flowers give off a sweet fragrance in parks and that makes you feel refreshed.Do you think flowers are important to Chinese?Well in actual fact,if I think about it,I guess in many ways flowers are fairly important because sometimes we give bouquets to our loved ones.For example,people usually send their girlfiends roses on Valentine’s Day and carnations to their moms on Mother’s Day.Do Chinese give friends flowers on festivals?Of course.To be honest,people give friends different types of flowers on different days because different flowers convey different meanings.Do you prefer to have flowers or vegetables in gardens or at home?Well actually I should say I prefer to have flowers and vegetables in gardens.You know,it’s a luxury to have a garden in Beijing.杂志：☆ What’s your favorite magazine?Well I guess I’m pretty fond of the Economists,as I’m sure you know it’s a British magazine which focuses on current affairs happening all across the world.I’m a bigfan of the Economists primarily because the magazine is quite informative and reading it largely boosts my vocabulary.Is it an English magazine?时尚：☆ Do you think fashions are important?Well it seems that fashions are becoming more and more important today especially when you consider that fashions have bred a large industry.On top of that,fashions lead the trend of dressing and hair styles and stuff like that.Internet:☆What do you do on the Internet?Well to tell you the truth I can’t live without the Internet.I use it primarily for searching information.You know the information highway has put a wealth of information at your fingertips and everything is just a click away from you.Last weekend:☆ What did you do on last weekend?Well,let me st Saturday I went to the concert of Jay Chou,a singer who enjoys striking popularity among the young people in Taiwan,HongKong and mainland China.It was held in the Workers’ Stadium.I was so excited because I have long been a big fan of him and it was like a dream come true when I saw him.电影：☆Do you prefer to watch movies at home or in a cinema? Why? (Day 7)Well I guess I prefer movie theatres mainly because it has a better atmosphere.To be more precise,you watch a movie on an enormous screen and you share the viewing experience with a large audience.蔬菜水果：☆ What're your favorite kinds of fruit and vegetables?Well personally,I’m really fond of stuff like oranges and tomatoes becausethey're pretty juicy and ...they look cute,I should say.运动：☆What sports do you play at school?Well there are a variety of sports that I’m fond of but I would have to say that I adore jogging and swimming most because they both are excellent ways to get fit.And plus,swmming exercises every muscle in our bodies so it keeps us in good shape.What’re your favorite sports? / What do you do to improve your fitness?☆Is swimming popular in China?Well, I suppose swimming enjoys striking popularity in China primarily because it’s the best all-around exercise.Do you have swimming classes at school?Well,we have swimming classes twice a month and I feel excited when swimming days approach because I’m pretty passionate about swimming.It keeps us healthy andkeeps us in good shape.Communication:☆Do you prefer to use emails or letters?Well personally I prefer emails because sending emails is simple and fast whereas in contrast snail mails can keep you wait for so long a time.☆Who do you send emails to?Well I send emails to lots of people，but basically I keep in touch with my friends studying abroad through emails and sometimes I send them e-cards on festivals like Chirstmas and the Chinese New Year.☆ Do you think telephones are important to our lives?Well I suppose they play vital roles in contemporary society.It seems that people cannot live without telephones.And sometimes telephones can actually save lifes especially in an emergency.☆ How do you communicate with friends?Well I usually chat with my friends by MSN Messenger or by Email because I’m a mouse potato,I spend a great deal of time on the computer every day.However,if there is a serious topic to talk about,I will choose face-to-face communication because eye contact and body language can avoid misundersatanding.How do young people communicate with elderly people?Primarily by telephone I guess,because telephone can convey messages more effectively compared to sending text messages or stuff like that.Nature:☆ Do you think gardens and parks are important to a city?Of course.It is a well-known fact that a park is to a city what rainforest is to the earth.Gardens and parks offer fresh air and tranquil environment.What’s more,they are havens where we can get away from the stressful daily life.Transport:☆What type of transportation do you usually take?Well,it goes without saying that there is quite a mixed variety of public transport here in Beijing.Though I take buses most commonly due to the fact that they are dirt-cheap and reliable.However,if I’m in a hurry I take the subway because it’s fast and convenient especially during rush hours.Daily Routine☆ How was your child routine different from your daily routine now?Well there are quite a bit of diffences.For one thing,I uesd to rise and retire early,but nowI usually turn in at midnight.For another,compared to the past,now I have less leisure time since I have a heavy class load.广告：☆ Do you like advertisements?Well as I see it,there are both stengths and weaknesses about ads.You know on the one hand ads keep us informed about the latest products and give consumers more choices.On the other,some ads are fake or exaggerated and can mislead consumers.Why do we need ads?For consumers, ads keep us informed about the latest products and provide us with more choices.As with manufactures,ads are essential marketing tools.What are the differences between ads in different countries?Well I suppose the main diffenrence lies in the quality of ads.Some ads in western countries are pretty inspiring,like nike’s slogan,just do it.However in China,unfortunately,most ads are disturbing and are roughly produced.Entertainment☆ Do you often go out with your friends or just invite them over to your place?More often than not,I would hang out with my friends because we can better enjoy ourselves in a movie theatre or a café.You know that kind of places offer nice atmosphere.What do you do together?Well obviouly there is a wide range of choices,but I pref。
大连理工研究生入学考试资料(回忆版)研究生面试复试英语+常问问题
2010考研复试英语口语面试必备一、复试中的口试要求1、评价标准：(1)语言准确性（语法和用词的准确性、语法结构的复杂性、词汇的丰富程度、发音的准确性）(2)话语的长短和连贯性（内容的连贯性、寻找合适词语而造成的停顿频率及长短、表达思想的语言长短等）(3)语言的灵活性和适合性（语言表达是否灵活、自然，话语是否得体，语言能否与语境、动能和目的相适应）2、口语测试一般包含如下两部分：第一部分：考查学生理解并回答有关日常生活、家庭、工作、学习等问题的能力（3--5分钟）第二部分：考查学生连续表达的能力。
考生从所给的问题中选择一个话题，就此话题表达自己的看法（7--10分钟）。
3、评价成绩一般为：a优秀--能用外语就指定的话题进行口头交流，基本没有困难b良好--能用外语就指定的题材进行口头交流，虽有些困难，但不影响交流c及格--能用外语就指定的话题进行简单的口头交流d不及格--不具有口头表达能力二、考研英语复试口语常见问题30例1. Where do you come from?2. What kind of landscape surrounds your hometown?3. What do you do during the Spring Festival?4. Tell me something about the customs of your hometown.5. Could you tell me something about your family?6. What social responsibilities should a post-graduate take?7. Which kind of professor do you like best?8. What does friendship mean to you and what kind of people do you make friend with?9. What is your major? How do you like your major?10. When and where did you graduate? What qualifications have you obtained?11. What impressed you most when you were at university?12. What is the best university in your opinion?13. Do you think the subjects you are studying today are relevant to present-day society? Why ?14. What do you do for a living?15. What are your job prospects?16. If you had the opportunity to change your subject, what would you do with it?17. What are your spare time interests?18. Where have you been traveling to? Which place interested you most?19. What kind of differences in the system of higher education between China and other countries?20. Do you think you will be able to cope with English-demands of your intendedstudy program?21. What difficulties do you think you'll encounter in your studies?22. Why did you choose our university?23. If there were an opportunity of studying abroad, what would you do?24. Should you study more theory or do more practice? Give your reasons, please.25. What do you intend to do after you finish studying?26. How serious is unemployment among young people and what will you do if you cannot find a job after graduation?27. In your opinion, what are the most serious problems associated with modern life?28. What do you think have been the most important changes in your study field over the past 5 years?29. How do you afford your tuition?30. Does your family support your decision on studying? What help do they offer?英语口语常考话题参考范文1.自我介绍(self-introduction)Good morning, my dear professors. It’s my pleasure to be given a chance for your interview. My name is XXX，I am XXX years old. I come from XXX, a very beautiful city. My undergraduate period will be accomplished in XXX university in July, 2009, and now, I am striving for obtaining a key to your prestigious universuty.In the past two years I have been prepareing for the postgraduate examination for it has been my dream to be a postgraduate. I am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond of XXX .In my spare time,I have broad interests like many other youngsters and I will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is..I like reading books, especially those about XXX.Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.In addition, I am a person with great perseverance. During my college years, I found web sign very interesting, so I learned it very hard. Therefore, I have a comparative good command of network application and I am skillful in searching for information on Internet. Well, in my spare time, I like basketball, tennis and Chinese chess. Also English is my favorite. I often go to English corner to practice my oral English, and write compositions to improve my written ability.I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning .Of course, if I am given a chance to study XXX in this famous University, I will concentrate on my study and make great efforts to master a good command of advance XXX.Ok, that is all, thank you for your attention.2.考研原因(reasons for my choice)There are several reasons accounting for my endeavor.Above all, I have been deeply impressed by the academic atmosphere when I came here last summer. In my opinion, as one of the most famous XXX in our country, itprovides people with enough room to get further achievement. This is the first reason.The second one is I am long for doing research in XXX throughout my life. It’s a pleasure to be with my favorite XXX for lifetime. I suppose this is the most important factor in my decision.Thirdly, I learnt a lot from my XXX job during the past two years. However, I think further study is still urgent for me to realize self-value. Life is precious. It is necessary to seize any chance for self-development, especially in this competitive modern world.In a word, I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here.3.研究生期间你的计划(plans in the postgraduate study)First, I hope I can form systematic view of XXX. As for XXX, my express wish is to get a complete comprehension of the formation and development as well as XXX. If possible, I will go on with my study for doctorate degree.In a word, I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here.4 .介绍你的家乡(about hometown)I am from XXX, a famous city with a long history over 2,200 years. It is called XXX because there were lots of XXX even 900 years ago. The city lies in the eastern part of the province. It is the center of politics, economy and culture. Many celebrities were born here, for instance, XXX，XXX and XXX . . You know, there is a saying that “The greatness of a man lends a glory to a place”. I think the city really deserves it. In addition, it is famous for the hot springs. They are known for high-quality. Visitors at home and abroad feel it comfortable bathing here.There is my beloved hometown. 5.你的家庭(about family)There are four members in my family: my parents, my XXX and me. My father is a technician in XXX. He often goes out on business and therefore, most of the housework is done by my industrious mom. Climbing at weekends is our common interest. The fresh air and natural beauty can help us get rid of tiredness. They can strengthen our relation, too.During my prepareing for coming here, my parents’love and support have always been my power and I hope in the future I wil be able to repay them.6.你的大学(about university)XXX University is the oldest one in the province. It was founded in XXX and covers an area of over XXX. The building area is XXX square meters. It develops into a comprehensive university with efforts of generations, especially after the reform and opening up. It takes the lead among the XXX universities with excellent teaching and scientific research ability. The library has the storage of XXX books and various research institutes are set up including XXX research centers. There are teaching research experimental bases. For example, the computer center, analyzing-test center,modern education technical center and so on.医学专业考研复试英文自我介绍good morning,my dear teachers,my dear professors.i am very glad to be here for your interview.my name is song yonghao,i am 22 years old .i come from luoyang,a very beautiful aicent city.my undergratuade period will be accomplished in chang'an university in july ,2018;and now,i am trying my best for obtaining a key to tongji university.generally speaking ,i am a hard working student especially do the thing i am interested in. i will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is. when i was sophomore, i found web design very interesting, so i learned it very hard . to weaver a homepage for myself, i stayed with my pesonel computer for half a month.,and i am the first one in my class who own his homepage. forthermore,i am a person with great perserverence. during the days preparing for the first examination,i insist on running every day, no matter what the weather was like.and just owning to this,i could concentrate on my study and succeeded in the end.well ,in my spare time ,i like basketball, tennis and chinese chess. also english is my favorate.i often go to english corner to practise my oral english on every thursday,and write compositions to improve my witten ability .but i know my english is not good enough ,i will continue studying.ok, that is all,thank you for your attention.my hometown------ xxxxxi am from luoyang,a beautiful city in henan province. it is famous as the capital of nine dynasties and enjoy yhe honer that luoyang peony is the best in the world. luoyang played a very important role in chinese history. so it has a profound cultural background and many great heritagesites have been well reverved. such as longmen grotto, one of the three grottoes in china ang white horse temple, being regarded as the cradle of chnese buddhism.luoyang peony is world-famous. every year, many tourists travel to luoyang to see the beauty of peony .the people in my hometown are friendly, they welcome the travellers from all over the world.i like my hometown very muchif luckily i got the chance to learn environment engineering in tongji university, i will concentrate on the study and reserch in this field. first i will hard to learn the theoritical knowledge,constucting a solid base for my future work; second i would like to do some practical work with the help of the supervisor ang classmate .and through this ,i can get something that cannot be acquired from the textooks. i believe after 2 years of learning ,my dream will finally come true..Self-introduction:Good morning, everyone! I am glad to be here for this interview. First, let meintroduce myself to you. My name is Qin Jiayin. I was born on April 23, 1981. I am a local person.I am graduating from Jilin Normal University (应该是这样译) this June.I major in Chinese literature. I hope I could get the opportunity to finish my postgraduate courses in Jilin University which I have desired for a long time. I have the confidence because I have such ability! I am a girl who is fervent, outgoing and creative. At the same time, I think I am quick in mind and careful in everything. I am looking forward to my postgraduate studies and life. I will soon prove that your decision of choosing me is the wisest. Thank you for giving me such a valuable opportunity!Reasons for taking postgraduate exams:First of all, I love my major. Chinese literature is the symbol of the start of Chinese literary modernization. It plays an important part in modernization of our citizens’ thoughts. What’s more, modern literature is very close to our daily life and it can deeply reflect the styles and features of our society. I am fascinated by the great masters’ refreshing or warm or profound styles as well. But I am not easily satisfied with such superficial knowledge. I hope I could have a better understanding in modern literature by studying further. This is a very important reason for me to take the postgraduate exams.Next, I love the feeling in the university. It is full of youthful spirit. And I am deeply attracted by the scholarly atmosphere. And the most important, it’s my great honor to open my ears to your teaching.Finally, I want to talk about a very practical problem. That is my dream of becoming a teacher in the university. I want to realize my dream and make myself to be a well-qualified person. I think the postgraduate studies can enrich my knowledge and make me competent in my future job.That’s my simple and clear reasons why I took the postgraduate exams.My university:I’m graduating form Jilin Normal University this June which has a history of 50 years. It shares many same characteristics with Jilin University. Both of them have a refreshing and scholarly atmosphere. Four years’ studying there made me an independent, optimistic and strict girl. I appreciate the education my university gave me.Thank you for your time!Good afternoon,my dear professors:I'm glad to be here for your interview.First of all,I'd like to introduce myself to you.(套话)My name is BY,and I will finish my undergraduate education in ** Medical College this June.My hometown is MAS,a beautiful city in AH province.It is famous as the industry of steel.But the environment is well.People often says it'sa flawer of ChangjiangRiver.(介绍自己及自己的背景，重点突出，简洁明了)Everyone have a dream,and even when I was a young girl,my dream is to be a doctor,relief people from misery and turn to the healthy life.Five years' college education give me a lot of things to learn,a lot of chances to try,ando lot of practices to inprove myself.(我个人认为这个排比句很好，但是不要说得像在背书)It teaches me not only what to study and how to think,but also to see the importance of practical ability.I plan to focus my research in cariology and endodontics(龋病和牙髓病).And I hope I can have a systematic view of it and making a solid foundation for future profession after three years study here.Besides above,I also have many interests in my spare time.I like swimming and playing piano.Generally speaking,I am a hard working student especially do the things I love.I will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is.(介绍自己的优点，想怎么夸怎么夸)OK,thank you for giving me the chance.I hope to see you again and soon.(结束语)考研复试面试精彩语句，让你的复试更加精彩，复试或者调剂的同学感激分享啦，分享后可以添加作者为好友，获取更多学习资料来源：中国研究生调剂辅导中心（请在分享完本日志后点击我查看更多资料）1. 自我介绍篇(重点)。
大工复试题（5篇模版）
大工复试题（5篇模版）第一篇：大工复试题1.? ?? ? 什么是刀具前角,在哪个平面内测量?2.? ?? ? 轴承分哪几种,简单介绍一下?3.? ?? ? 渐开线齿廓有哪些特征?4.? ?? ? 齿轮变位有哪几种,介绍一下它们的特征5.? ?? ? 什么是六点定位原理6.? ?? ? 什么是过定位、欠定位,是否都允许,为什么,各举个例7.? ?? ? 火车开来和离去的声音不同,为什么?8.? ?? ? 行走机器人的行走方式?9.? ?? ? 齿轮的加工方式?10.? ?刀具常用材料?11.? ?常用的强化方法?12.? ?改变运动方向的方式?13.? ?哪几种传动可以实现过载保护?14.? ?什么是工业机器人?15.? ?车、刨、磨的加工范围?16.? ?什么是加工硬化?17.? ?设计整个装置怎么做?18.? ?柔性制造系统?19.? ?传动系统有哪些?20.? ?夹具的作用?21.? ?常用的孔的加工方法?22.? ?什么是正反馈、负反馈并举例?23.? ?自行车为什么会掉链子,上链子时是先上大轮还是小轮,为什么?24.? ?特种加工有哪些?25.? ?8051单片机能不能读16位的A/D转换器,怎样读26.? ?什么是定位误差?27.? ?什么是封闭环、增环、减环?28.? ?什么是最大实体尺寸,最小实体尺寸?29.? ?怎样用弱电控制强电?30.? ?怎样避免强电对弱电的干扰?31.? ?退火、正火、淬火有什么差别?32.? ?什么是磨削烧伤,怎样减少磨削烧伤?33.? ?数控机床靠什么定位?34.? ?CAD/CAM中关于镜像的问题?35.? ?什么是系统误差,有哪些,拣其中之一介绍下?36.? ?常用的传感器有哪些?简要说一下其中之一的原理?37.? ?材料力学中的四个强度理论38.? ?螺栓、带传动、链传动、滚动轴承预紧为什么?39.? ?齿轮传动---链传动----带传动的顺序?40.? ?齿轮轴承的润滑方式?41.? ?齿轮的失效形式?42.? ?摩擦有哪些类型?43.? ?运算放大器44.? ?稳定性判据(劳斯等)、及串联校正(超前、滞后、超前滞后)?45.? ?PID各字母的含义?46.? ?看贴后是否应该回贴呢?呵呵?综合面试分抽签题和老师自由提问。
大连理工大学面试题汇总及答案(电部分)
25. 为什么混叠？ 奈奎斯特采样定理：要使实信号采样后能够不失真还原，采样频率必 须大于信号最高频率的两倍。 。当用采样频率 F 对一个信号进行采样 时,信号中 F/2 以上的频率不是消失了,而是对称的映象到了 F/2 以下 的频带中,并且和 F/2 以下的原有频率成分叠加起来,这个现象叫做 “混叠”(aliasing).
3. 测试系统的静态指标。 灵敏度，分辨率，重复性，回程误差，线性度，漂移
4. 测试系统的动态特性。 这个一般指检测系统的响应时间，就是多长时间能提供检测值；超调 量，在测试过程中可能超过实际检测值最大多大等等
5. 什么是传感器 传感器是一种物理装置或生物器官，能够探测、感受外界的信号、物 理条件（如光、热、湿度）或化学组成（如烟雾） ，并将探知的信息 传递给其他装置或器官。
答案由梦里星昼完成，仅供参考，望对各位有所帮助！
可以通过控制脉冲频率来控制电机转动的速度和加速度， 从而达到调 速的目的。 主要特性 1 步进电机必须加驱动才可以运转， 驱动信号必须为脉冲信号， 没有脉冲的时候， 步进电机静止， 如 果加入适当的脉冲信号， 就会以一定的角度（称为步角）转动。 转动的速度和脉冲的频率成正比。 2 腾龙版步进电机的步进角度为 7.5 度，一圈 360 度， 需要 48 个脉冲完成。 3 步进电机具有瞬间启动和急速停止的优越特性。 4 改变脉冲的顺序， 可以方便的改变转动的方向。 因此，目前打印机，绘图仪，机器人，等等设备都以步进电 机为动力核心。 伺服电机：伺服电机（servo motor ）是指在伺服系统中控制机 械元件运转的发动机，是一种补助马达间接变速装置。伺服电机可使 控制速度，位置精度非常准确，可以将电压信号转化为转矩和转速以 驱动控制对象。伺服电机转子转速受输入信号控制，并能快速反应， 在自动控制系统中，用作执行元件，且具有机电时间常数小、线性度 高、始动电压等特性，可把所收到的电信号转换成电动机轴上的角位 移或角速度输出。 分为直流和交流伺服电动机两大类， 其主要特点是， 当信号电压为零时无自转现象，转速随着转矩的增加而匀速下降。
大连理工机械面试题型（包括答案）
⼤连理⼯机械⾯试题型（包括答案）1.什么是⼑具前⾓,在哪个平⾯内测量答：在正交平⾯内测量的前⼑⾯和基⾯间的夹⾓。
前⼑⾯在基⾯之下时前⾓为正值，相反为负值。
2.轴承分哪⼏种,简单介绍⼀下答：轴承可分为滚动轴承和滑动轴承，最常见的轴承是滚动轴承，有滚动体的轴承都归滚动轴承；滑动轴承泛指没有滚动体的轴承，作滑⾏运动的轴承均为滑动轴承。
(1) 轴承按其所能承受的载荷⽅向或公称接触⾓的不同分为：①向⼼轴承--主要⽤于承受径向载荷的滚动轴承;②推⼒轴承--主要⽤于承受轴向载荷的滚动轴承。
（2）轴承按其滚动体的种类分为：①球轴承--滚动体为球；②滚⼦轴承----滚动体为滚⼦。
滚⼦轴承按滚⼦种类，⼜分为：圆柱滚⼦轴承--滚动体是圆柱滚⼦的轴承；滚针轴承--滚动体是滚针的轴承; 圆锥滚⼦轴承--滚动体是圆锥滚⼦的轴承; 调⼼滚⼦轴承--滚动体是球⾯滚⼦的轴承。
（3）轴承按滚动体的列数,分为: ①单列轴承--具有⼀列滚动体的轴承;②双列轴承--具有两列滚动体的轴承; ③多列轴承--具有多于两列滚动体的轴承,如三列、四列轴承。
3. 渐开线齿廓有哪些特征答：①发⽣线上线段的长度等于计圆上被滚过的弧长；②渐开线上任意⼀点的法线恒与基圆相切；③发⽣线与基圆的切点是渐开线对应点的曲率中⼼；④件开⼼啊的形状取决于基圆的⼤⼩；⑤基圆内⽆渐开线。
4.齿轮变位有哪⼏种,介绍⼀下它们的特征答：①正变位：加⼯时当把⼑具由齿轮轮呸中⼼移远时，称为正变位。
②负变位：⼑具由标准位置移近被切齿轮的中⼼，此时称为负变位。
径向变位齿轮与标准齿轮相⽐，其模数、齿数、分度圆和基圆均⽆变化；但是正变位时分度圆齿厚增⼤，齿根圆和齿顶圆也相应增⼤；负变位时分度圆齿厚减⼩，齿根圆和齿顶圆也相应地减⼩。
5. 什么是六点定位原理答：⼯件定位时,通常⽤六个⽀承点（即定位元件）来限制⼯件的六个⾃由度，其中每⼀个⽀承点限制相应的⼀个⾃由度。
6. 什么是过定位、⽋定位,是否都允许,为什么,各举个例⼦答: 过定位:⼯件的⼀个或⼏个⾃由度被不同的定位元件重复限制的定位称为过定位。
大连理工大学考研复试内容 复试参考书目 复试准备 复试资料
大连理工大学考研复试内容复试参考书目复试准备复试资料化工与环境生命学部复试方式和内容复试总分为330分，其中笔试100分，综合面试200分，外语口语15分，外语听力15分。
同等学力考生还须加试两门涵盖本科阶段主干课程的考试。
所有考生复试时需提供大学期间所学课程的成绩单。
具体内容如下：1．专业课笔试按照2013年各学科招生简章所列的复试笔试科目进行，考试时间为2小时，满分100分。
考生需凭本人准考证、居民身份证参加考试。
2．综合面试满分200分。
考核内容包括基础理论与专业知识掌握情况、创新精神和创新能力、分析与解决问题能力、思想品德与人文素养等方面。
考生需凭本人准考证、居民身份证参加面试。
综合面试成绩确定办法：专业复试小组成员根据每个考生的面试情况进行打分，去掉一个最高分和一个最低分后取平均分。
面试时间约20分钟/人。
3．外语能力考核总分30分，其中听力15分，口语15分（在面试中进行）。
外语听力由学校统一组织考核。
口语测试由各专业分别配备2名主考教师，按照考生外语表述内容的丰富、流利及准确程度打分，考试时间为5~10分钟。
4. 复试总成绩计算方法复试总成绩= 专业课笔试成绩+ 综合面试成绩+ 外语听力成绩+ 外语口语成绩若有特殊学术专长或具有突出培养潜质，可进行额外加分，最高加分值为50分，复试总成绩不得超过330分，额外加分须报学部复试工作领导小组审批。
录取办法1. 有以下情况，视为复试不合格，不予录取（1）考生不符合报考规定条件、复试考试违纪、替考、身体及政治思想道德状况不符合录取要求的，只要有其中1项，即视为不合格，不予录取。
（2）复试成绩总分低于200分、综合面试成绩低于120分（不含外语口语、外语听力）、专业课笔试成绩低于60分，外语听力缺考、同等学力考生的加试科目中任何一门考试成绩低于60分，考生符合以上任意1项即为不合格，不予录取。
2. 复试成绩合格考生录取办法对于复试成绩合格者，各专业将按总成绩（总成绩=初试成绩+复试总成绩）排序，根据招生人数由高分到低分录取。
大连理工机械学院复试面试抽签题目总结
大连理工机械学院复试面试抽签题目总结1.什么是刀具前角,在哪个平面内测量?2.轴承分哪几种,简单介绍一下?3.渐开线齿廓有哪些特征?4.齿轮变位有哪几种,介绍一下它们的特征5.什么是六点定位原理?6.什么是过定位、欠定位,是否都允许,为什么,各举个例子7.火车开来和离去的声音不同,为什么?这叫多普勒效应。
简单的说,声音就是空气的振动产生不同波段的波，当火车运动时，其发出的振动声音的波长相对地面的人就会发生改变。
波段不同，声音听起来就要变化。
当火车向人驶来时，声音的波长相对于人变短，因此听起来比较尖；当火车远去时，声音的波长相对于人变长，因此听起来比较钝。
8.行走机器人的行走方式? 轮式、腿时、轮腿混合式9.齿轮的加工方式?10.刀具常用材料?11.常用的强化方法?12.改变运动方向的方式?13.哪几种传动可以实现过载保护?挠性传动和摩擦式传动14.什么是工业机器人?工业机器人是面向工业领域的多关节机械手或多自由度的机器人。
工业机器人是自动执行工作的机器装置，是靠自身动力和控制能力来实现各种功能的一种机器。
它可以接受人类指挥，也可以按照预先编排的程序运行，现代的工业机器人还可以根据人工智能技术制定的原则纲领行动。
15.车、刨、磨的加工范围?16.什么是加工硬化?金属材料在再结晶温度以下塑性变形时，由于晶粒发生滑移，出现位错的缠结，使晶粒拉长、破碎和纤维化，使金属的强度和硬度升高，塑性和韧性降低的现象，称加工硬化或冷作硬化。
17.设计整个装置怎么做?18.柔性制造系统?在成组技术的基础上，以多台(种)数控机床或数组柔性制造单元为核心，通过自动化物流系统将其联接，统一由主控计算机和相关软件进行控制和管理，组成多品种变批量和混流方式生产的自动化制造系统。
19.传动系统有哪些?20.夹具的作用?21.常用的孔的加工方法?平面非常多的方法，基本所有的加工方法都能加工平面，车，铣，刨，磨，拉，线切割。
其中在铣和车最多。
大连理工研究生入学考试资料(回忆版)研究生面试问题集锦
1.问：你在大学学到的最重要的东西是什么？答：大学学习期间，我觉得除了学习掌握好必要的基础知识和基本技能以外，最重要的就是学会了自立和自学。
首先，我得学会如何合理的安排时间，如何在没人督促的情况下坚持良好的学习习惯，如何调节自己的心态、情绪甚至如何理财。
大学中自立的生活是我迈向成熟的重要一课。
其次，大学里的课程大多很深奥，老师讲课也通常是提纲掣领，关注要点，所以自己要在课下多花时间自学；同时像一些常用的办公软件，绘图软件的使用，参加活动要写的报告、论文，也都得通过自学。
自学能力是将来自身发展必须具备的一种能力。
2.问：你认为研究生与本科生的学习有什么不同？答：我觉得两者的侧重点不太相同，本科生重在打基础，学的多而浅；而研究生则更多的侧重于研究工作，学习要深入的多；同时随着研究的深入，也会更加了解自己所从事的工作，继而培养起兴趣3.问：你参加过什么活动？答：大学三年我参加过很多的活动，下面几个是我印象较深的。
大一刚来的时候我参加过学校的模拟联合国，这让我更快的了解大学生活并更顺利地融入其中，还认识了很多好朋友。
大三的时候我和同学搞了一次自主科研立项，初衷是想了解如何做科学研究，如何与队友合作，如何写论文，让我受益匪浅。
4.问：你对未来有什么打算？答：现在我只是感到自身储备的能力很匮乏，所以想在研究生期间好好努力，多阅读，多做研究，开阔自己的视野，增加自己的经验。
研究生结束后，我也希望能有机会去国外增长见识，对本专业有更好更深入的认识和发展。
5.问：有什么兴趣爱好？答：平时喜欢和同学打打羽毛球，一起出去逛逛街。
一个人的时候也喜欢看看书和电影。
6.你为什么要跨专业从社保到行政管理？答：第一，扬长避短，行管不考数学，而且和我本专业相近，有很多交叉学科。
第二，比较喜欢人力资源，也做过相关项目，觉得比较有意思，激发了学习的兴趣。
第三，行政管理是实践与理论的结合点，学习这个专业无论是对社会的理解还是我自身的职业发展都有极大帮助。
大连理工面试题汇总及答案(机械部分)
29. 齿轮加工最后一道热处理工序是什么？ 齿面高频淬火+低温回火 受冲击载荷的要渗碳淬火+低温回火
30. 用钢板焊接成方形，抗弯强度达到要求条件下如何提高抗扭强度？ 焊接加强筋 31. 皮带和链轮的特点和应用场合有什么不同？举个例子说明链轮应用。
链轮： 1) 与带传动相比， 链传动能保持准确的平均传动比， 径向压轴力小， 适于低速情况下工作。 2) 与齿轮传动相比，链传动安装精度要求较低，成本低廉，可远距离传动。 3) 链传动的主要缺点是不能保持恒定的瞬时传动比。 4) 链传动主要用在要求工作可靠、转速不高，且两轴相距较远，以及其它不宜采用齿轮传 动的场合。 如：自行车、摩托车。 带传动： 1) 结构简单、传动平稳、造价低廉以及缓冲减振； 2) 摩擦式带传动有弹性滑动和打滑的现象，传动比不稳定。 齿轮传动： 1) 传动效率高 可达 99％。在常用的机械传动中，齿轮传动的效率为最高； 2) 结构紧凑 与带传动、链传动相比，在同样的使用条件下，齿轮传动所需
39. 什么是过定位、欠定位,是否都允许,为什么,各举个例子？ 过定位：约束数>需要约束的自由度数，某一自由度同时被一个以上的定位支承重复限制。 欠定位：约束数<需要约束的自由度数.。 过定位可以存在，如以一个精准平面代替三个支撑点来支持已加工过的表面。 欠定位是绝对不允许的。 40. 火车开来和离去的声音不同,为什么？
这是因为多普勒效应。当火车向人驶来时，声音的波长相对于人变短，因此听起来比较尖； 当火车远去时，声音的波长相对于人变长，因此听起来比较钝
41. 刀具常用材料？ 1) 2) 3) 4) 高速钢 硬质合金钢 碳素工具钢 金刚石、立方氮化硼、陶瓷等。
42. 常用的强化方法？ 塑性
17. 复合加工的好处
大连理工大学结构力学复试真题全集98-05
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大连理工大学考研复试内容 复试参考书目 复试准备 复试资料
大连理工大学考研复试内容复试参考书目复试准备复试资料化工与环境生命学部复试方式和内容复试总分为330分，其中笔试100分，综合面试200分，外语口语15分，外语听力15分。
同等学力考生还须加试两门涵盖本科阶段主干课程的考试。
所有考生复试时需提供大学期间所学课程的成绩单。
具体内容如下：1．专业课笔试按照2013年各学科招生简章所列的复试笔试科目进行，考试时间为2小时，满分100分。
考生需凭本人准考证、居民身份证参加考试。
2．综合面试满分200分。
考核内容包括基础理论与专业知识掌握情况、创新精神和创新能力、分析与解决问题能力、思想品德与人文素养等方面。
考生需凭本人准考证、居民身份证参加面试。
综合面试成绩确定办法：专业复试小组成员根据每个考生的面试情况进行打分，去掉一个最高分和一个最低分后取平均分。
面试时间约20分钟/人。
3．外语能力考核总分30分，其中听力15分，口语15分（在面试中进行）。
外语听力由学校统一组织考核。
口语测试由各专业分别配备2名主考教师，按照考生外语表述内容的丰富、流利及准确程度打分，考试时间为5~10分钟。
4. 复试总成绩计算方法复试总成绩= 专业课笔试成绩+ 综合面试成绩+ 外语听力成绩+ 外语口语成绩若有特殊学术专长或具有突出培养潜质，可进行额外加分，最高加分值为50分，复试总成绩不得超过330分，额外加分须报学部复试工作领导小组审批。
录取办法1. 有以下情况，视为复试不合格，不予录取（1）考生不符合报考规定条件、复试考试违纪、替考、身体及政治思想道德状况不符合录取要求的，只要有其中1项，即视为不合格，不予录取。
（2）复试成绩总分低于200分、综合面试成绩低于120分（不含外语口语、外语听力）、专业课笔试成绩低于60分，外语听力缺考、同等学力考生的加试科目中任何一门考试成绩低于60分，考生符合以上任意1项即为不合格，不予录取。
2. 复试成绩合格考生录取办法对于复试成绩合格者，各专业将按总成绩（总成绩=初试成绩+复试总成绩）排序，根据招生人数由高分到低分录取。
大连理工大学研究生复试面试题目
1、有序晶体与无序晶体的X射线图谱有何区别？有序晶体有衍射峰，无序晶体没有衍射峰2、疲劳断裂的宏观断口特征是什么？为什么？(1)疲劳源光亮度最大，由于在整个裂纹亚扩展的过程中断面不断挤压摩擦。
(2)疲劳区判断疲劳裂纹的主要证据。
特征：断口比较光滑并且分布有贝纹线，一般认为是由变动载荷引起的。
以疲劳源为圆心的平行弧线。
(3)瞬断区快速失稳扩展形成的端口区域3、透射电镜衍射图像的实质是什么？（倒易点阵）与入射光线平行的晶带轴所对应的晶面的二维倒易点阵。
与晶体相对应的倒易点阵中，某一界面上阵点排列的像。
像是放大的，倒易点阵中的每一个点都代表着一组晶面，倒异矢量与同指数晶面的发祥相平行，倒异矢量的模的大小就是晶面间距的倒数。
4、为什么陶瓷的导热率比金属要低？电子导热系数大于格波导热系数，陶瓷的自由电子比较少。
5、让一材料强度、硬度提高而不发生相变，有什么途径？加工硬化，渗碳渗氮，滚压，喷丸。
6、如何获得单晶？1、在金属熔体中只能形成一个晶核。
可以引入籽晶或自发形核，尽量地减少杂质的含量，避免非均质形核。
2、固—液界面前沿的熔体应处于过热状态，结晶过程的潜热只能通过生长着的晶体导出，即单向凝固方式。
3、固—液界面前沿不允许有温度过冷和成分过冷，以避免固—液界面不稳定而长出胞状晶或柱状晶。
4、避免搅拌和震荡。
7、解理断裂是什么？特征？金属材料在一定条件下，当外加正应力达到一定数值后，以极快的速率沿着一定晶体学平面产生的穿晶断裂。
解理面一般是低指数晶面或者表面能最低的晶面。
特征有：舌状花样，解理台阶，河流花样。
（剪切断裂：金属材料在切应力的作用下沿着滑移面分离而造成的滑移面分离断裂，其中又分滑断和微孔聚集型断裂。
）8、喷丸是什么？原理？作用？喷丸后可不可以进行热处理？利用高速丸流的冲击作用清理和强化基体表面的过程。
（用压缩空气将坚硬的小弹丸高速击打在工件表面，使机件表面产生局部形变强化，同时因塑变层周围的弹性约束，又在塑变层内产生残余压应力。
大连理工大学考研复试物化期末试题
姓名：__________学号：__________院系：_____________级______班一、是非题(每小题1分，共8分),您认为正确的在括号中填―√‖，错误的填―×‖：( )1. 任何化学反应，反应参与物B的浓度随时间的变化率dcB/dt的绝对值都相同。
( )2. 元反应的反应物分子碰撞可能直接转化为生成物分子。
( )3. 弯曲液面的饱和蒸气压总是小于同温下平面液体的饱和蒸气压。
( )4. 液体的表面张力总是力图缩小液体的表面积。
( )5. 已知某反应的级数为二级，则该反应必是双分子反应。
( )6. 催化剂开辟了活化能较低的新途径，反应都按此新途径进行。
( )7. 物理吸附的吸附力是分子间力。
( )8. 无限稀薄时，HCl、KCl、NaCl三种溶液在相同温度、相同浓度、相同电场强度下，三种溶液中Cl-的迁移数相同。
二、选择题(每小题2分，共14分)将正确答案的编号填在题前括号内( ) 1、某反应的速率常数k＝2.31×10-2s-1，初始浓度为1.0 mol•dm-3，则该反应的半衰期为：A 15 s；B 21.65 s；C 30 s；D 43.29 s；（）2、在反应A B C，A D中，活化能Ea,1 ＞Ea,2 ＞Ea,3 ，C是所需要的产物。
从动力学角度考虑，为了提高产物C 的产量，选择反应温度时应选择。
A 较高反应温度；B 较低反应温度；C 适中反应温度；D 任意反应温度。
( ) 3、298 K时，当H2SO4溶液的浓度从0. 1mol•kg-1稀释到0. 01 mol•kg-1时，其摩尔电导率Λm将A.Λm增加；B.Λm减小；C.Λm不变；D. Λm变化无法确定（）4、298 K，含Al3+、K+、H+ 离子的无限稀薄溶液中，离子摩尔电导率最大者为A. Al3+； B. K+； C. H+（）5、某溶液中溶质B的浓度为cB（表面）＞cB（体相），表明A dσ/dc＞0，ΓB＞0；B dσ/dc＜0，ΓB＞0；C dσ/dc＜0，ΓB＜0；D dσ/dc＞0，ΓB＜0。
大连理工大学复试真题13-15
2015复试真题2013年复试笔试题一.根据材料判断用哪种硬度测量7x1 一共7个，全是工程材料力学性能第二章最后一题上的二.填空24个空，每3个一分，全是工程材料力学性能上的第一章和第五章的，比如疲劳端口的3个特征疲劳曲线疲劳裂纹萌生的3个方式还有好多是第一章的，总之比较简单，看的细就可以三.解释下列名词的内涵和含义5个10分弹性变形内耗低温脆性包申格效应比弹性功四全部是大题1超塑性的宏观特征4分2T型铸件受力分析53枝晶缩颈现象及解释和影响44合金钢的四大强化方法给了一个钢40铬让你分析55过共析钢在A1到Acm淬火和在Acm以上淬火分析哪个淬火后马氏体多含碳量多，为什么，哪种淬火方法好，为什么96一个钢淬火后没回火再奥氏体化后出现裂纹为什么，奥氏体化该有什么要求87.45号钢和一个渗碳钢20铬锰钛在930加热后直接淬火然后190回火，分析2钢的外边和内部成分58画出高速钢热处理图并解释每个阶段59给一个相图，求界面含量，用近平衡公式计算画出之后的组织如何处理凝固后的缺陷等问710给了一个图，塑性和温度的，3个波峰和3个波谷分析为什么塑性这么变化（过冷杂质析出相变影响晶界融化）6在《材料成型原理》320页11给了一个钢说明合金钢比普通钢有什么优点，试分析412贝氏体和粒状珠光体的特征和性能如何将粒状珠光体变成片状813形成优良性能铸铁的方法2012年复试笔试真题二.一、填空题（往年都没有填空题，今年新加，大家注意啦，我只说考点，大家自己看书吧。
）总共30个空，一个0.5分。
1.测材料的磨损的方法以及比磨损量，相对磨损系数的倒数是什么。
2.格波分为哪两种。
3.提高材料比弹性功的方法。
4.软磁材料的特性。
5.断裂按不同的分类方法都可分为哪几种。
6.本征磁矩。
7.比定压热容和比定容热容。
8.热膨胀系数与热导率的关系二、简答题。
（一个两分，共10分。
）1.磁各向异性。
2.热导率3.材料的热学性能都有那些？4.导电理论都有那些？5.静磁能三、论述题（总共15个，75分）1.布氏硬度和洛氏硬度有何不同？给了一个布氏硬度的符号说明其含义。
大连理工复试内容
大连理工大学学术型硕士研究生各学科、专业
复试内容及形式
院、系（部）名称：应用数学系
院、系（部）名称：物理与光电工程学院
院、系（部）名称：运载工程与力学学部院、系（部）名称：工程力学系
院、系（部）名称：船舶工程学院
院、系（部）名称：汽车工程学院
院、系（部）名称：机械工程学院
院、系（部）名称：材料科学与工程学院
院、系（部）名称：土木水利学院
院、系（部）名称：化工学院
院、系（部）名称：电子与信息工程学院
院、系（部）名称：能源与动力学院
院、系（部）名称：人文社会科学学院
院、系（部）名称：电气工程及应用电子技术系
院、系（部）名称：外国语学院
院、系（部）名称：体育教育部
院、系（部）名称：建筑与艺术学院
院系名称：软件学院
院、系（部）名称：环境与生命学院
院、系（部）名称：马克思主义学院
院、系（部）名称：经济系。
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1.方形盲孔的加工方法：答:电火花加工，超声波加工，点解加工，键槽铣刀加工2.出租车计价器原理：运用传感器，将车轮转动的机械信号转换成电脉冲信号，车轮每转一圈产生一个电脉冲信号，通过计算电脉冲信号的数量来计算历程。
3.PLC自锁与互锁自锁：当按下启动按钮时，线圈通电，吸引常开触头闭合，保持运行状态互锁：当按下1号启动按钮，1号线圈通电，吸引1号常开触头闭合，使得1号保持运行状态，吸引1号常闭触头断开，而1号常闭触头串联在2号线路中，断开后2号线路保持断开状态，反之亦然。
4.谐波传动减速器工作原理刚齿轮和柔齿轮相差几个齿，波发生器转动，柔齿和刚齿啮合，因为齿数差产生转动差。
5.rv减速器一级行星轮轮传动，一级摆线轮轮减速机构6.旋转运动变直线运动蜗杆涡轮，曲柄滑块，凸轮机构，7.存储器类型：随机RAM，只读ROM，混合存储器8.齿轮失效：齿轮折断，齿面点蚀，齿面磨损，齿面胶合，齿面塑性变形9.ADC是Analog-to-Digital Converter的缩写，指模拟／数字转换器。
我们常用的模拟信号，如温度、压力、电流等，如果需要转换成更容易储存、处理的数字形式，用模／数转换器就可以实现这个功能。
DAC是Digital-to-Analog Converter的缩写，指数字/模拟转换器。
数字量是用代码按数位组合起来表示的，对于有权码，每位代码都有一定的位权。
为了将数字量转换成模拟量，必须将每1位的代码按其位权的大小转换成相应的模拟量，然后将这些模拟量相加，即可得到与数字量成正比的总模拟量，从而实现了数字／模拟转换。
分辨率、转换精度、转换速度10.镗削时，工件安装在机床工作台或机床夹具上，镗刀装夹在镗杆上（也可与镗杆制成整体），由主轴驱动旋转，镗杆与主轴浮动联接，加工精度取决于镗模的精度，镗杆与主轴刚性联接，加工精度取决于机床的精度。
11.凸轮机构广泛应用于各种自动机械、仪器和操纵控制装置。
12.打印机并口，com串口13.鼠标按其工作原理的不同可以分为机械鼠标和光电鼠标。
机械鼠标主要由滚球、辊柱和光栅信号传感器组成。
当你拖动鼠标时，带动滚球转动，滚球又带动辊柱转动，装在辊柱端部的光栅信号传感器产生的光电脉冲信号反映出鼠标器在垂直和水平方向的位移变化，再通过电脑程序的处理和转换来控制屏幕上光标箭头的移动。
光电鼠标器是通过检测鼠标器的位移，将位移信号转换为电脉冲信号，再通过程序的处理和转换来控制屏幕上的鼠标箭头的移动。
光电鼠标用光电传感器代替了滚球。
14.柔性制造系统是由统一的信息控制系统、物料储运系统和一组数字控制加工设备组成，能适应加工对象变换的自动化机械制造系统(Flexible Manufacturing System)，英文缩写为FMS 15.微机电系统（MEMS, Micro-Electro-Mechanical System），也叫做微电子机械系统、微系统、微机械等，是在微电子技术（半导体制造技术）基础上发展起来的，融合了光刻、腐蚀、薄膜、LIGA、硅微加工、非硅微加工和精密机械加工等技术制作的高科技电子机械器件。
16.利用计算机及其图形设备帮助设计人员进行设计工作。
简称CAD。
17. CAPP（computer aided process planning,计算机辅助工艺过程设计）的作用是利用计算机来进行零件加工工艺过程的制订，把毛坯加工成工程图纸上所要求的零件。
18.计算机辅助工程（Computer Aided Engineering，CAE）技术的提出就是要把工程（生产）的各个环节有机地组织起来，其关键就是将有关的信息集成，使其产生并存在于工程（产品）的整个生命周期。
19.计算机辅助制造是指在机械制造业中，利用电子数字计算机通过各种数值控制机床和设备，自动完成离散产品的加工、装配、检测和包装等制造过程。
简称cam。
20.退火：就是将钢加热到Ac3线（过共析钢为A1线）以上，保温一定时间为工件厚度小时，随炉冷却，降低硬度，提高塑性，改善压力和切削性能。
正火：就是将钢加热到Ac3线和Acm以上30－50oC，保温后出炉空冷，分有细化晶粒、调整组织、削除前道铸造、锻造冷加工产生的缺陷，作为预先热处理作用。
提高钢材加工性能。
淬火：将钢加热到Ac3线或Ac1线上30－50oC，保温一段时间（均匀化）快速冷却下来，以得到高硬度马氏体组织的方法。
回火：工件淬火后一般都要进行回火，淬火后得到马氏体性能很脆，并存在很大应力，不及时予以回火，时间久了可能会引起工件发生开裂，回火就是将淬火后的工件重新加热到A1以下某温度保温一段时间，然后取出工件以一定的方式冷却下来。
21.测试系统的动态特性:线性度，灵敏度，回程误差，分辨力，零点漂移和灵敏度漂移22.机床导轨直线度的测量仪：水平仪，自准直仪，激光干涉仪23.面向对象编程（Object Oriented Programming，OOP，面向对象程序设计）是一种计算机编程架构。
OOP 的一条基本原则是计算机程序是由单个能够起到子程序作用的单元或对象组合而成。
24.香浓采样定理：为了不失真地恢复模拟信号，采样频率应该不小于模拟信号频谱中最高频率的2倍25.数控车床的运动控制中，工作台（刀具）X、Y、Z轴的最小移动单位是一个脉冲当量。
因此，刀具的运动轨迹是具有极小台阶所组成的折线（数据点密化），计算出逼近实际圆弧的点群，控制刀具沿这些点运动，加工出圆弧曲线26.步进电机是将电脉冲信号转变为角位移或线位移的开环控制元步进电机件，在非超载的情况下，电机的转速、停止的位置只取决于脉冲信号的频率和脉冲个数，而不受负载变化的影响，当步进驱动器接收到一个脉冲信号，它就驱动步进电机安设定的方向转动一个固定的角度，称为“步距角”，它的旋转是以固定的角度一步一步运行的。
伺服电机又称执行电机，在自动控制系统中，用作执行元件，把收到的电信号转换成电机轴上的角位移或角速度输出。
1、控制精度不同。
步进电机的相数和拍数越多，它的精确度就越高，伺服电机取块于自带的编码器，编码器的刻度越多，精度就越高。
2、控制方式不同；一个是开环控制，一个是闭环控制。
7、速度响应性能不同；步进电机从静止加速到工作转速需要上百毫秒，而交流伺服系统的加速性能较好，一般只需几毫秒，可用于要求快速启停的控制场合。
27.笛卡尔坐标系是直角坐标系，用横纵距离来表示点的位置，而极坐标系是用距离和角度表示点的位置28.在进行模拟/数字信号的转换过程中，当采样频率fs.max大于信号中最高频率fmax的2倍(fs.max>=2fmax)，采样之后的数字信号完整地保留了原始信号中的信息，一般实际应用中保证采样频率为信号最高频率的5～10倍；采样定理又称奈奎斯特定理。
29.传感器（英文名称：transducer/sensor）是一种检测装置，能感受到被测量的信息，并能将感受到的信息，按一定规律变换成为电信号或其他所需形式的信息输出，以满足信息的传输、处理、存储、显示、记录和控制等要求。
30.尺寸公差简称公差，是指允许的，最大极限尺寸减最小极限尺寸之差的绝对值的大小，或允许的上偏差减下偏差之差大小。
31.形位公差包括形状公差和位置公差。
直线度，平面度，圆度，圆柱度，线轮廓度，面轮廓度平行度，垂直度，倾斜度同轴度，对称度，位置度圆跳动，全跳动定位公差是关联实际要素对基准在位置上允许的变动全量。
这类公差包括同轴度、对称度、位置度3项32.数控机床位移传感器：光栅，磁栅传感器33.偏差的上限做止端，偏差的下限做通端34.液压传动的基本原理：液压系统利用液压泵将原动机的机械能转换为液体的压力能，通过液体压力能的变化来传递能量，经过各种控制阀和管路的传递，借助于液压执行元件(液压缸或马达)把液体压力能转换为机械能，从而驱动工作机构，实现直线往复运动和回转运动。
压传动能在运行中实行无级调速，调速方便且调速范围比较大，在同等功率的情况下，液压传动装置的体积小，重量轻，惯性小，结构紧凑，液压传动工作比较平稳，反应快，冲击小，能高速启动，制动和换向，液体为工作介质，易泄漏，油液可压缩，液压传动中有机械损失、压力损失、泄漏损失，效率较低，所以不宜作远距离传动，液压传动对油温和负载变化敏感，不宜于在低、高温度下使用。
35.带传动的特点由于带富有弹性，并靠摩擦力进行传动，因此它具有结构简单，传动平稳、噪声小，能缓冲吸振，过载时带会在带轮上打滑，对其他零件起过载保护作用，适用于中心距较大的传动等优点。
但带传动也有不少缺点，主要有：不能保证准确的传动比，传动效率低(约为0.90～0.94)，带的使用寿命短，不宜在高温、易燃以及有油和水的场合使用。
齿轮传动的基本特点1、齿轮传递的功率和速度范围很大，功率可从很小到数十万千瓦，圆周速度可从很小到每秒一百多米以上。
齿轮尺寸可从小于1mm到大于10m。
2、齿轮传动属于啮合传动，齿轮齿廓为特定曲线，瞬时传动比恒定，且传动平稳、可靠。
3、齿轮传动效率高，使用寿命长。
4、齿轮种类繁多，可以满足各种传动形式的需要。
5、齿轮的制造和安装的精度要求较高。
链传动的特点1）能保证较精确的传动比（和皮带传动相比较）2）可以在两轴中心距较远的情况下传递动力（与齿轮传动相比）3）只能用于平行轴间传动4）链条磨损后，链节变长，容易产生脱链现象。
蜗杆传动的特点单级传动就能获得很大的传动比，结构紧凑，传动平稳，无噪声，但传动效率低。
螺旋传动的特点：传动精度高、工作平稳无噪音，易于自锁，能传递较大的动力等特点。
36.最主要的区别是同步电动机的转子和定子是一样的转速，转子磁场是由励磁电流提供的，紧跟着定子转，而异步电动机是转子的转速和定子转速有一点差异。
转子磁场是靠定子旋转感应出来的，稍滞后于定子磁场37.三角形螺纹牙型角大，自锁性能好，而且牙根厚、强度高，故多用于联接。
常用的有普通螺纹、英制螺纹和圆柱管螺纹。
梯形螺纹牙型为等腰梯形，牙型角α= 30°，效率比矩形螺纹低，但易于加工，对中性好，牙根强度较高，当采用剖分螺母时还可以消除因磨损而产生的间隙，因此广泛应用于螺旋传动中锯齿形螺纹锯齿形螺纹工作面的牙侧角为3，非工作面的牙侧角为30，兼有矩形螺纹效率高和梯形螺纹牙根强度高的优点，但只能承受单向载荷，适用于单向承载的螺旋传动。
螺纹牙强度高，用于单向受力的传力螺旋矩形、梯形和锯齿形螺纹主要用于传动矩形螺纹，螺纹牙型为正方形,螺纹牙厚等于螺距的1/2。
传动效率高，但对中精度低，牙根强度弱。
38.当系统从一个稳态过度到新的稳态，或系统受扰动作用又重新平衡后，系统可能会出现偏差，这种偏差称为稳态误差39.孔加工一般分为钻孔，铰孔，扩孔，镗孔，拉孔，铣孔，磨孔。
40. TCP/IP41.系统动态指标：上升时间，峰值时间，超调量，调节时间，稳态误差42.发光二极管简称为LED，液晶显示器LCD43.串模干扰是指干扰电压与有效信号串联叠加共模干扰：一般指在两根信号线上产生的幅度相等，相位相同的噪声接地、屏蔽和滤波三种途径44.三折叠伞是由一个移动副和平面连杆机构组成45.阶梯轴加工方法粗车阶梯轴调质处理半精车淬火回火精磨46.展成法又称滚切法，是加工时切削工具与工件作相对展成运动，刀具和工件的瞬心线相互作纯滚动，两者之间保持确定的速比关系，所获得加工表面就是刀刃在这种运动中的包络面，齿轮加工中的滚齿、插齿、剃齿、珩齿和磨齿等均属展成法加工47.电感式位移传感器、电容式位移传感器、电涡流式位移传感器、霍尔式位移传感器等。