The effect of information mapping strategy on mathematics conceptual knowledge of junior high sc
中国国家机构英文名称
全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC)主席团Presidium常务委员会Standing Committee办公厅General Office秘书处Secretariat代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee法律委员会Law Committee财务经济委员会Finance Affairs Committee外事委员会Foreign and Economy Committee教育，科学，文化委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee 内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee法制委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs特定问题委员会Committee of Inquiry into Special Questions宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China中央军事委员会Central Military Commission最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate国务院State Council(1)国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs国防部Ministry of National Defence国家发展计划委员State Development Planning Commission国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission教育部Ministry of Education科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology国家科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence国家民族事务委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission公安部Ministry of Public Security国家安全部Ministry of State Security监察部Ministry of Supervision民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs司法部Ministry of Justice财政部Ministry of Finance人事部Ministry of Personnel劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labour and Social Security国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources建设部Ministry of Construction铁路部Ministry of Railways交通部Ministry of Communications信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry水利部Ministry of Water Resources农业部Ministry of Agriculture对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation文化部Ministry of Culture卫生部Ministry of Public Health国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission中国人民银行People’s Bank of China国家审计署State Auditing Administration(2)国务院办事机构Offices under that State Council国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council侨务办公厅Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs港澳办公厅Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office台湾办公厅Taiwan Affairs Office法制办公厅Office of Legislative Affairs经济体制办公厅Office for Economic Restructuring国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council新闻办公室Information Office(3)国务院直属机构Departments Directly under the State Council海关总署General Administration of Customs国家税务总局State Taxation Administration国家环境保护总局State Environmental Protection Administration中国民用航空总局Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC)国家广播电影电视总局State Administration of Radio, Film and Television国家体育总局State Physical Cultural Administration国家统计局State Statistics Bureau国家工商行政管理局State Administration of Industry and Commerce新闻出版署Press and Publication Administration国家版权局State Copyright Bureau国家林业局State Forestry Bureau国家质量技术监督局State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision国家药品监督管理局State Drug Administration (SDA)国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO)国家旅游局National Tourism Administration国家宗教事务局State Bureau of Religious Affairs国务院参事室Counsellors’ Office of the State Council国务院机关事务管理局Government Offices Administration of the State Council(4)国务院直属事业单位Institutions Directly under the State Council新华通讯社Xinhua News Agency中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering国务院发展研究中心Development Research Centre of the State Council国家行政学院National School of Administration中国地震局China Seismological Bureau中国气象局China Meteorological Bureau中国证券监督管理委员会China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRS)(5)部委管理的国家局State Bureaux Administration by Ministration or Commission)国家粮食储备局(国家发展计划委员会)State Bureau of Grain Reserve (Under the State Development Planning Commission)国家国内贸易局State Bureau of Internal Trade国家煤炭工业局State Bureau of Coal Industry国家机械工业局State Bureau of Machine Building Industry国家冶金工业局State Bureau of Metallurgical Industry国家石油和化学工业局State Bureau of Petroleum and Chemical Industry国家轻工业局State Bureau of Light Industry国家纺织工业局State Bureau of Textile Industry国家建筑材料工业局State Bureau of Building Materials Industry国家烟草专卖局State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau国家有色金属工业局State Bureau of Nonferrous Metal Industry(以上由国家经贸委管理above are all under the State Economic and Trade Commission) 国家外国专家局(人事部) State Bureau of Foreign Experts Affairs (under the Ministry of Personnel)国家海洋局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Oceanic Administration (under the Ministry of Land and Resources)国家测绘局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (ditto)国家邮政局(信息产业部) State Post Bureau (under the Ministry of Information Industry) 国家文物局(文化部) State Cultural Relics Bureau (under the Ministry of Culture)国家中医药管理局(卫生部) State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (under the Ministry of Public Health)国家外汇管理局(中国人民银行总行) State Administration of Foreign Exchange (under the People’s Bank of China)国家出入境检验检疫局(海关总署) State Administration for EntryExit Inspection and Quarantine (under the General Administration of Customs)。
阑尾低级别黏液性肿瘤ICD-10编码探究
随着公立医院绩效考核以及按病种分值付费支付(DIP)的启动和持续推进，医院对于病案质量管理的要求不断提高[1]。
国际疾病分类编码(ICD)可根据患者的病理学特征、疾病原因以及具体临床表现等进行准确定义和分类，是目前用于病案管理的常用工具[2]。
ICD的判定主要是基于相关规则以及编码员主观裁定判断进行，目前以及未来较长时期内，计算机还无法彻底代替编码员对疾病进行分类和编码，现阶段可行的办法是将ICD编码规则和DIP方案量化在给定范围内，由编码员根据自身经验在指定范围内进行判定[3]。
实际工作中发现，受人为操作、主管判断以及其他因素的影响，患者病案容易出现编码错误，对患者疾病分类和医疗流程的正常开展造成一定影响。
本研究以《疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类第十次修订本第二卷指导手册》(ICD-10)[4]的编码规则逻辑为基础，对我院阑尾低级别黏液性肿瘤的ICD-10编码现状及存在的问题进行分析，以提高交界性肿瘤编码的准确率以及DIP的入组率。
1资料与方法1.1一般资料从我院病案信息系统中检索2018年1月1日至2022年12月31日ICD-10编码为C18.100、D37.300、D12.100的阑尾肿瘤住院患者共计782例，其中首次住院诊断为阑尾低级别黏液性肿瘤者263例。
1.2方法由临床医生、病理医生通过共同查阅263例阑尾低级别黏液性肿瘤患者的原始纸质病案对阑尾低级别黏液性肿瘤的疾病编码质量进行评估。
依据ICD-10编码原则逐一校对编码是否正确，对检查中发现未能准确编码的病案进行分析，使用Excel 汇总数据，计算编码准确率。
1.3统计学方法采用SPSS20.0进行统计学分析，计数资料采用百分数表示。
2结果2.12018—2022年首次住院阑尾低级别黏液性肿瘤的初始编码情况263份低级别黏液性肿瘤病案中，91份初诊为动态未定肿瘤/恶性肿瘤/转移性肿瘤(M80000/1.M80000/3.M80000/6)，26份为癌/转移癌(M80100/3.M80100/6)，29份为黏液性囊腺瘤伴有中度发育不良/转移性黏液性囊腺癌(M84700/1.M84700/3. M84700/6)，5份为假黏液性腺癌(M84701/3)，43份交界黏液性肿瘤(M84720/1)，56份低级别黏液性肿瘤/黏液腺癌/转移性黏液腺癌(M84800/1.M84800/3.M84800/6)，13份黏液瘤/低级别黏液性肿瘤(M88400/0.M88400/1)，见表1。
软考高级架构师系统设计40题
软考高级架构师系统设计40题1. In a system design, which of the following is the most important consideration for scalability?A. Hardware performanceB. Software architectureC. Network bandwidthD. User interface design答案：B。
解析：软件架构对于系统的可扩展性至关重要。
硬件性能在一定程度上影响，但不是最关键的。
网络带宽主要影响数据传输，对可扩展性的直接影响较小。
用户界面设计与系统的可扩展性关系不大。
2. When designing a system, which principle should be followed to ensure high availability?A. RedundancyB. Minimization of componentsC. Simple architectureD. Low cost答案：A。
解析：冗余是确保高可用性的重要原则。
减少组件可能会降低复杂性，但不一定能保证高可用性。
简单架构有助于理解和维护，但不是保证高可用性的关键。
低成本通常不是高可用性设计的首要考虑因素。
3. Which of the following is a key factor in determining theperformance of a system?A. The number of usersB. The algorithm usedC. The color scheme of the interfaceD. The brand of the hardware答案：B。
解析：算法的优劣直接决定了系统的性能。
用户数量会影响系统负载，但不是决定性能的根本因素。
界面的颜色方案与性能无关。
硬件品牌对性能有一定影响，但算法的影响更为关键。
几种不同时频分析法对INS信号的分析和比较
暋文章编号:1673灢6338201002灢0092灢05几种不同时频分析法对INS信号的分析和比较吴富梅12张晓东121.信息工程大学测绘学院河南郑州暋4500522.西安测绘研究所陕西西安暋710054摘要:目前用于分析INS随机噪声的方法主要有Fouirer变换、功率谱密度以及Allan方差法。
针对INS信号中存在的几种噪声分别给出了它们的功率谱密度函数和Allan方差分析了它们在时频域表达中的不同特性最后用模拟数据和实测数据对这3种时频域分析法进行了比较和验证。
结果表明:相比于Fouirer变换和功率谱密度法Allan方差法在随机噪声分析方面具有明显的优势不仅能够分析出信号中不同噪声的特性还能够确定其系数的大小。
关暋键暋词:Fouirer变换功率谱密度Allan方差惯性导航系统随机误差中图分类号:P227暋暋暋文献标识码:A暋暋暋DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1673灢6338.2010.02.005AnalysisandComparisonofINSSignalBasedonSeveralMethodsWUFu灢mei1敩2敩ZHANGXiao灢dong1敩2敤1敭InstituteofSurveyingandMapping敩InformationEngineeringUniversity敩Zhengzhou450052敩China敾2敭Xi 「anResearchInstituteofSurveyingandMapping敩Xi「an710054敩China敥Abstract敽Fouirertransform敩powerspectraldensityandAllanvariancearethethreemethodswhichareoftenusedtoanalyzethe randomnoisesofINS敭Inthispaper敩thepowerspectraldensityfunctionsandAllanvari灢ancefunctionsarepresentedforfivekindsofrandomnoisesofINS敩thecharacteristicsofwhichareanalyzed敭Twoexamplesofsimulateddataandrealdataaregiventoshowthatcomparedwithfouirertransfor mandpow灢erspectraldensity敩theAllanvariancecannotonlydistinguishthedifferentrandomnoisesbutalsogetthecoef灢ficientsofthenoises敭Keywords敽Fouirertransform敾powerspectraldensity敾Allanvariance敾INS敾randomnoise暋暋惯性导航系统INS能够在短时间内提供高精度的位置、速度和姿态信息。
中国国家机关英语标准翻译
中国国家机关的英语标准翻译（转引）中国国家机关的英语标准翻译全国人民代表大会--------------National People’s Congress(NPC)主席团-----------------------Presidium常务委员会-------------------Standing Committee--办公厅---------------------General Office--秘书处---------------------Secretariat--代表资格审查委员会----------Credentials Committee--提案审查委员会--------------Motions Examination Committee--民族委员会------------------Ethnic Affairs Committee--法律委员会------------------Law Committee--财务经济委员会--------------Finance Affairs Committee--外事委员会------------------Foreign and Economy Committee--教育，科学，文化委员会-------Education, Science, Culture andPublic Health Committee--内务司法委员会--------------Committee for Internal and JudicialAffairs--华侨委员会------------------Overseas Chinese AffairsCommittee--法制委员会------------------Commission of LegislativeAffairs--特定问题委员会--------------Committee of Inquiry into SpecialQuestions--宪法修改委员会--------------Committee for Revision of theConstitution中华人民共和国主席------------President of the People’s Republicof China中央军事委员会----------------Central Military Commission最高人民法院------------------Supreme People’s Court最高人民检察院----------------Supreme People’s Procuratorate国务院-----------------------State Council(1)国务院部委----------------Ministries and Commissions Directlyunder the State Council------外交部-----------------Ministry of Foreign Affairs------国防部-----------------Ministry of National Defence------国家发展计划委员--------State Development PlanningCommission------国家经济贸易委员会------State Economic and TradeCommission------教育部-----------------Ministry of Education------科学技术部-------------Ministry of Science andTechnology------国家科学技术工业委员会--Commission of Science, Technology andIndustry for National Defence ------国家民族事务委员会------State Ethnic Affairs Commission------公安部---------------- Ministry of Public Security------国家安全部------------ Ministry of State Security------监察部---------------- Ministry of Supervision------民政部---------------- Ministry of Civil Affairs------司法部---------------- Ministry of Justice------财政部---------------- Ministry of Finance------人事部---------------- Ministry of Personnel------劳动和社会保障部------- Ministry of Labour and SocialSecurity------国土资源部-------------Ministry of Land and Resources------建设部-----------------Ministry of Construction------铁路部---------------- Ministry of Railways------交通部---------------- Ministry of Communications------信息产业部------------ Ministry of Information Industry------水利部-----------------Ministry of Water Resources------农业部-----------------Ministry of Agriculture------对外贸易经济合作部------Ministry of Foreign Trade andEconomic Cooperation ------文化部-----------------Ministry of Culture------卫生部-----------------Ministry of Public Health------国家计划生育委员会------State Family PlanningCommission------中国人民银行------------People’s Bank of China------国家审计署--------------State Auditing Administration(2)国务院办事机构-------------Offices under that StateCouncil------国务院办公厅------------General Office of the StateCouncil------侨务办公厅--------------Office of Overseas ChineseAffairs------港澳办公厅--------------Hong Kong and Macao AffairsOffice------台湾办公厅--------------Taiwan Affairs Office------法制办公厅--------------Office of Legislative Affairs------经济体制办公厅----------Office for EconomicRestructuring------国务院研究室------------Research Office of the StateCouncil------新闻办公室--------------Information Office(3)国务院直属机构--------------Departments Directly under the StateCouncil------海关总署-----------------General Administration ofCustoms------国家税务总局-------------State Taxation Administration------国家环境保护总局---------State Environmental ProtectionAdministration------中国民用航空总局---------Civil Aviation Administration ofChina (CAAC)------国家广播电影电视总局-----State Administration of Radio, Filmand Television ------国家体育总局------------State Physical CulturalAdministration------国家统计局--------------State Statistics Bureau------国家工商行政管理局-------State Administration of Industry andCommerce------新闻出版署---------------Press and PublicationAdministration------国家版权局---------------State Copyright Bureau------国家林业局---------------State Forestry Bureau------国家质量技术监督局-------State Bureau of Quality andTechnical Supervision ------国家药品监督管理局-------State Drug Administration(SDA)------国家知识产权局-----------State Intellectual Property Office(SIPO)------国家旅游局---------------National TourismAdministration------国家宗教事务局-----------State Bureau of ReligiousAffairs------国务院参事室-------------Counsellors’ Office of the StateCouncil------国务院机关事务管理局------Government Offices Administrationof the State Council(4)国务院直属事业单位-----------Institutions Directly under theState Council------新华通讯社----------------Xinhua News Agency------中国科学院----------------Chinese Academy of Sciences------中国社会科学院------------Chinese Academy of SocialSciences------中国工程院----------------Chinese Academy ofEngineering------国务院发展研究中心---------Development Research Centre of theState Council------国家行政学院---------------National School ofAdministration------中国地震局-----------------China Seismological Bureau------中国气象局-----------------China Meteorological Bureau------中国证券监督管理委员会------China Securities RegulatoryCommission (CSRS)(5)部委管理的国家局---------------State Bureaux Administration byMinistration or Commission------国家粮食储备局(国家发展计划委员会)----State Bureau of GrainReserve (Under the State Development Planning Commission)------国家国内贸易局------------- State Bureau of InternalTrade------国家煤炭工业局------------- State Bureau of CoalIndustry------国家机械工业局--------------State Bureau of Machine BuildingIndustry------国家冶金工业局--------------State Bureau of MetallurgicalIndustry------国家石油和化学工业局---------State Bureau of Petroleum andChemical Industry------国家轻工业局----------------State Bureau of LightIndustry------国家纺织工业局--------------State Bureau of TextileIndustry------国家建筑材料工业局----------State Bureau of BuildingMaterials Industry------国家烟草专卖局--------------State Tobacco MonopolyBureau------国家有色金属工业局----------State Bureau of Nonferrous MetalIndustry(以上由国家经贸委管理above are all under the State Economic andTrade Commission)------国家外国专家局(人事部)------ State Bureau of Foreign ExpertsAffairs (under the Ministry of Personnel)------国家海洋局(国土资源部) ------State Bureau of OceanicAdministration (underthe Ministry of Land and Resources)------国家测绘局(国土资源部) ------State Bureau of Surveying andMapping (ditto)------国家邮政局(信息产业部) ------State Post Bureau (under theMinistry of Information Industry)------国家文物局(文化部) ----------State Cultural Relics Bureau(under the Ministry of Culture)------国家中医药管理局(卫生部) -----State Administration ofTraditional Chinese Medicine (under the Ministry of PublicHealth)------国家外汇管理局(中国人民银行总行)------- State Administrationof Foreign Exchange (under the People’s Bank of China)------国家出入境检验检疫局(海关总署) ----------State Administrationfor Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine (under the GeneralAdministration of Customs)。
中国政府部门英文名称
全国人民代表大会National People's Congress (NPC)主席团Presidium常务委员会Standing Committee办公厅General Office秘书处Secretariat代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee法律委员会Law Committee财务经济委员会Finance Affairs Committee外事委员会Foreign and Economy Committee教育，科学，文化委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee法制委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs特定问题委员会Committee of Inquiry into Special Questions宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China中央军事委员会Central Military Commission最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate国务院State Council(1)国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State CouncilＭＯＦＡ外交部Ministry of Foreign AffairsＭＯＮＤ国防部Ministry of National DefenseＳＤＰＣ国家发展计划委员State Development Planning CommissionＳＥＴＣ国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade CommissionMOE教育部Ministry of EducationＭＯＳＴ科学技术部Ministry of Science and TechnologyＣＳＴＩＮＥ国家科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National DefenseＳＥＡＣ国家民族事务委员会State Ethnic Affairs CommissionＭＯＰＣ公安部Ministry of Public SecurityMOSS安全局Ministry of State SecurityMOS监察部Ministry of SupervisionＭＯＣＡ民政部Ministry of Civil AffairsMOJ司法部Ministry of JusticeMOF财政部Ministry of FinanceMOP人事部Ministry of PersonnelＭＯＬＳＳ劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labour and Social SecurityＭＯＬＲ国土资源部Ministry of Land and ResourcesＭＯＣ建设部Ministry of ConstructionＭＯＲ铁路部Ministry of RailwaysＭＯＣ交通部Ministry of CommunicationsMOII信息产业部Ministry of Information IndustryMOWR水利部Ministry of Water ResourcesMOA农业部Ministry of AgricultureMOFTEC对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation MOC文化部Ministry of CultureMOPH卫生部Ministry of Public HealthSFPC国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning CommissionPBC中国人民银行People’s Bank of ChinaSAA国家审计署State Auditing Administration(2)国务院办事机构Offices under that State Council国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council侨务办公厅Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs港澳办公厅Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office台湾办公厅Taiwan Affairs Office法制办公厅Office of Legislative Affairs经济体制办公厅Office for Economic Restructuring国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council新闻办公室Information Office(3)国务院直属机构Departments Directly under the State Council海关总署General Administration of Customs国家税务总局State Taxation Administration国家环境保护总局State Environmental Protection Administration中国民用航空总局Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC)国家广播电影电视总局State Administration of Radio, Film and Television国家体育总局State Physical Cultural Administration国家统计局State Statistics Bureau国家工商行政管理局State Administration of Industry and Commerce新闻出版署Press and Publication Administration国家版权局State Copyright Bureau国家林业局State Forestry Bureau国家质量技术监督局State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision国家药品监督管理局State Drug Administration (SDA)国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO)国家旅游局National Tourism Administration国家宗教事务局State Bureau of Religious Affairs国务院参事室Counsellors’ Office of the State Council国务院机关事务管理局Government Offices Administration of the State Council(4)国务院直属事业单位Institutions Directly under the State Council新华通讯社Xinhua News Agency中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering国务院发展研究中心Development Research Centre of the State Council国家行政学院National School of Administration中国地震局China Seismological Bureau中国气象局China Meteorological Bureau中国证券监督管理委员会China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRS)(5)部委管理的国家局State Bureau Administration by Ministration or Commission)国家粮食储备局(国家发展计划委员会)State Bureau of Grain Reserve (Under the State Development Planning Commission)国家国内贸易局State Bureau of Internal Trade国家煤炭工业局State Bureau of Coal Industry国家机械工业局State Bureau of Machine Building Industry国家冶金工业局State Bureau of Metallurgical Industry国家石油和化学工业局State Bureau of Petroleum and Chemical Industry国家轻工业局State Bureau of Light Industry国家纺织工业局State Bureau of Textile Industry国家建筑材料工业局State Bureau of Building Materials Industry国家烟草专卖局State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau国家有色金属工业局State Bureau of Nonferrous Metal Industry(以上由国家经贸委管理above are all under the State Economic and Trade Commission)国家外国专家局(人事部) State Bureau of Foreign Experts Affairs (under the Ministry of Personnel)国家海洋局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Oceanic Administration (under the Ministry of Land and Resources)国家测绘局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (ditto)国家邮政局(信息产业部) State Post Bureau (under the Ministry of Information Industry)国家文物局(文化部) State Cultural Relics Bureau (under the Ministry of Culture)国家中医药管理局(卫生部) State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (under the Ministry of Public Health)国家外汇管理局(中国人民银行总行) State Administration of Foreign Exchange (under the People’s Bank of China)国家出入境检验检疫局(海关总署) State Administration for Entry Exit Inspection and Quarantine (under the General Administration of Customs)城市管理China City management。
Informatica PowerCenter 10.0 Mapping Analyst for E
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statistics for high dimensional data analysis
statistics for high dimensionaldata analysisHigh-dimensional data analysis is a rapidly developing field in statistics that deals with datasets that have a large number of variables or features. This type of data is becoming increasingly common in many areas, including genomics, neuroscience, and marketing. The challenge in high-dimensional data analysis is that traditional statistical methods often fail to produce accurate and reliable results when the number of variables is large relative to the number of observations.One of the key techniques in high-dimensional data analysis is dimensionality reduction. This involves reducing the number of variables or features in the dataset while preserving as much information as possible. There are many different methods of dimensionality reduction, including principal component analysis (PCA), singular value decomposition (SVD), and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE).Another important technique in high-dimensional data analysis is feature selection. This involves selecting a subset of the variables or features in the dataset that are most relevant for the task at hand. Feature selection can help reduce the dimensionality of the data and improve the performance of subsequent analysis. There are many different methods of feature selection, including filter methods, wrapper methods, and embedded methods.High-dimensional data analysis also requires the development of new statistical models and algorithms that can handle the large number of variables and complex structures often present in these datasets. Examples of such models include random forests, support vector machines (SVMs), and deep learning neural networks.In summary, high-dimensional data analysis is a challenging and rapidly evolving field that requires the development of new statistical techniques and models. By reducing the dimensionality of the data and selecting the most relevant features, statisticians can gain insights into complex datasets and make more accuratepredictions and inferences.。
TD信息元素详解
信息元素功能性定义作者：李欣目录目录 (1)信息元素功能性定义 (11)1 核心网信息元素 (11)1.1 CN Information elements (11)1.2 CN Domain System Information (11)1.3 CN Information info (11)1.4 IMEI (11)1.5 IMSI (GSM-MAP) (11)1.6 Intra Domain NAS Node Selector (11)1.7 Location Area Identification (12)1.8 NAS message (12)1.9 NAS system information (GSM-MAP) (12)1.10 Paging record type identifier (12)1.11 PLMN identity (12)1.12 PLMN Type (12)1.13 P-TMSI (GSM-MAP) (12)1.14 RAB identity (12)1.15 Routing Area Code (12)1.16 Routing Area Identification (13)1.17 TMSI (GSM-MAP) (13)2 UTRAN 移动信息元素 (13)2.1 Cell Access Restriction (13)2.2 Cell identity (13)2.3 Cell selection and re-selection info for SIB3/4 (13)2.4 Cell selection and re-selection info for SIB11/12 (13)2.5 Mapping Info (14)2.6 URA identity (14)3 UE 信息元素 (14)3.1 Activation time (14)3.2 Capability Update Requirement (14)3.3 Cell update cause (15)3.4 Ciphering Algorithm (15)3.5 Ciphering mode info (15)3.6 CN domain specific DRX cycle length coefficient (15)3.7 CPCH Parameters (15)3.8 C-RNTI (15)3.9 DRAC system information (15)3.10 Void (16)3.11 Establishment cause (16)3.12 Expiration Time Factor (16)3.13 Failure cause (16)3.14 Failure cause and error information (16)3.15 Initial UE identity (16)3.16 Integrity check info (16)3.17 Integrity protection activation info (17)3.18 Integrity protection Algorithm (17)3.19 Integrity protection mode info (17)3.20 Maximum bit rate (17)3.21 Measurement capability (17)3.22 Paging cause (17)3.23 Paging record (17)3.24 PDCP capability (17)3.25 Physical channel capability (18)3.26 Protocol error cause (18)3.27 Protocol error indicator (18)3.28 RB timer indicator (18)3.29 Redirection info (18)3.30 Re-establishment timer (18)3.31 Rejection cause (18)3.32 Release cause (18)3.33 RF capability FDD (19)3.34 RLC capability (19)3.35 RLC re-establish indicator (19)3.36 RRC transaction identifier (19)3.37 Security capability (19)3.38 START (19)3.39 Transmission probability (19)3.40 Transport channel capability (20)3.41 UE multi-mode/multi-RAT capability (20)3.42 UE radio access capability (20)3.43 UE Timers and Constants in connected mode (21)3.44 UE Timers and Constants in idle mode (21)3.45 UE positioning capability (21)3.46 URA update cause (21)3.47 U-RNTI (21)3.48 U-RNTI Short (21)3.49 UTRAN DRX cycle length coefficient (21)3.50 Wait time (21)3.51 UE Specific Behavior Information 1 idle (21)3.52 UE Specific Behavior Information 1 interRAT (22)4 无线承载信息元素 (22)4.0 Default configuration identity (22)4.1 Downlink RLC STATUS info (22)4.2 PDCP info (22)4.3 PDCP SN info (22)4.4 Polling info (22)4.5 Predefined configuration identity (23)4.6 Predefined configuration value tag (23)4.7 Predefined RB configuration (23)4.8 RAB info (23)4.9 RAB info Post (23)4.10 RAB information for setup (23)4.11 RAB information to reconfigure (24)4.12 NAS Synchronization indicator (24)4.13 RB activation time info (24)4.14 RB COUNT-C MSB information (24)4.15 RB COUNT-C information (24)4.16 RB identity (24)4.17 RB information to be affected (24)4.18 RB information to reconfigure (25)4.19 RB information to release (25)4.20 RB information to setup (25)4.21 RB mapping info (25)4.22 RB with PDCP information (25)4.23 RLC info (25)4.24 Signaling RB information to setup (26)4.25 Transmission RLC Discard (26)5 传输信道信息元素 (26)5.1 Added or Reconfigured DL TrCH information (26)5.2 Added or Reconfigured UL TrCH information (27)5.3 CPCH set ID (27)5.4 Deleted DL TrCH information (27)5.5 Deleted UL TrCH information (27)5.6 DL Transport channel information common for all transport channels (27)5.7 DRAC Static Information (27)5.8 Power Offset Information (28)5.9 Predefined TrCH configuration (28)5.10 Quality Target (28)5.11 Semi-static Transport Format Information (28)5.12 TFCI Field 2 Information (28)5.13 TFCS Explicit Configuration (28)5.14 TFCS Information for DSCH (TFCI range method) (29)5.15 TFCS Reconfiguration/Addition Information (29)5.16 TFCS Removal Information (29)5.17 Void (29)5.18 Transport channel identity (29)5.19 Transport Format Combination (TFC) (29)5.20 Transport Format Combination Set (29)5.21 Transport Format Combination Set Identity (29)5.22 Transport Format Combination Subset (29)5.23 Transport Format Set (29)5.24 UL Transport channel information common for all transport channels (30)6 物理信道信息元素 (30)6.1 AC-to-ASC mapping (30)6.2 AICH Info (30)6.3 AICH Power offset (30)6.4 Allocation period info (30)6.5 Alpha (30)6.6 ASC Setting (30)6.7 Void (31)6.8 CCTrCH power control info (31)6.9 Cell parameters Id (31)6.10 Common timeslot info (31)6.11 Constant value (31)6.12 CPCH persistence levels (31)6.13 CPCH set info (31)6.14 CPCH Status Indication mode (31)6.15 CSICH Power offset (32)6.16 Default DPCH Offset Value (32)6.17 Downlink channelisation codes (32)6.18 Downlink DPCH info common for all RL (32)6.19 Downlink DPCH info common for all RL Post (32)6.20 Downlink DPCH info common for all RL Pre (32)6.21 Downlink DPCH info for each RL (32)6.22 Downlink DPCH info for each RL Post (33)6.23 Downlink DPCH power control information (33)6.24 Downlink information common for all radio links (33)6.25 Downlink information common for all radio links Post (33)6.26 Downlink information common for all radio links Pre (33)6.27 Downlink information for each radio link (33)6.28 Downlink information for each radio link Post (33)6.29 Void (33)6.30 Downlink PDSCH information (33)6.31 Downlink rate matching restriction information (34)6.32 Downlink Timeslots and Codes (34)6.33 DPCH compressed mode info (34)6.34 DPCH Compressed Mode Status Info (34)6.35 Dynamic persistence level (34)6.36 Frequency info (34)6.37 Individual timeslot info (35)6.38 Individual Timeslot interference (35)6.39 Maximum allowed UL TX power (35)6.40 Void (35)6.41 Midamble shift and burst type (35)6.42 PDSCH Capacity Allocation info (35)6.43 PDSCH code mapping (36)6.44 PDSCH info (36)6.45 PDSCH Power Control info (36)6.46 PDSCH system information (36)6.47 PDSCH with SHO DCH Info (36)6.48 Persistence scaling factors (36)6.49 PICH Info (36)6.50 PICH Power offset (37)6.51 PRACH Channelisation Code List (37)6.52 PRACH info (for RACH) (37)6.53 PRACH partitioning (37)6.54 PRACH power offset (37)6.55 PRACH system information list (37)6.56 Predefined PhyCH configuration (38)6.57 Primary CCPCH info (38)6.58 Primary CCPCH info post (38)6.59 Primary CCPCH TX Power (38)6.60 Primary CPICH info (38)6.61 Primary CPICH Tx power (38)6.62 Primary CPICH usage for channel estimation (38)6.63 PUSCH info (38)6.64 PUSCH Capacity Allocation info (38)6.65 PUSCH power control info (39)6.66 PUSCH system information (39)6.67 RACH transmission parameters (39)6.68 Radio link addition information (39)6.69 Radio link removal information (39)6.70 SCCPCH Information for FACH (39)6.71 Secondary CCPCH info (39)6.72 Secondary CCPCH system information (40)6.73 Secondary CPICH info (40)6.74 Secondary scrambling code (40)6.75 SFN Time info (40)6.76 SSDT cell identity (40)6.77 SSDT information (40)6.78 STTD indicator (40)6.79 TDD open loop power control (41)6.80 TFC Control duration (41)6.81 TFCI Combining Indicator (41)6.82 TGPSI (41)6.83 Time info (41)6.84 Timeslot number (41)6.85 TPC combination index (41)6.86 TSTD indicator (41)6.87 TX Diversity Mode (41)6.88 Uplink DPCH info (41)6.89 Uplink DPCH info Post (42)6.90 Uplink DPCH info Pre (42)6.91 Uplink DPCH power control info (42)6.92 Uplink DPCH power control info Post (42)6.93 Uplink DPCH power control info Pre (42)6.94 Uplink Timeslots and Codes (42)6.95 Uplink Timing Advance (42)6.96 Uplink Timing Advance Control (43)7 测量信息元素 (43)7.1 Additional measurements list (43)7.2 Cell info (43)7.3 Cell measured results (43)7.4 Cell measurement event results (44)7.5 Cell reporting quantities (44)7.6 Cell synchronization information (44)7.7 Event results (44)7.8 FACH measurement occasion info (45)7.9 Filter coefficient (45)7.10 HCS Cell re-selection information (45)7.11 HCS neighboring cell information (45)7.12 HCS Serving cell information (45)7.13 Inter-frequency cell info list (46)7.14 Inter-frequency event identity (46)7.15 Inter-frequency measured results list (46)7.16 Inter-frequency measurement (46)7.17 Inter-frequency measurement event results (47)7.18 Inter-frequency measurement quantity (47)7.19 Inter-frequency measurement reporting criteria (47)7.20 Inter-frequency measurement system information (47)7.21 Inter-frequency reporting quantity (47)7.22 Inter-frequency SET UPDATE (48)7.23 Inter-RAT cell info list (48)7.24 Inter-RAT event identity (48)7.25 Inter-RAT info (48)7.26 Inter-RAT measured results list (48)7.27 Inter-RAT measurement (49)7.28 Inter-RAT measurement event results (49)7.29 Inter-RAT measurement quantity (49)7.30 Inter-RAT measurement reporting criteria (49)7.31 Inter-RAT measurement system information (50)7.32 Inter-RAT reporting quantity (50)7.33 Intra-frequency cell info list (50)7.34 Intra-frequency event identity (50)7.35 Intra-frequency measured results list (50)7.36 Intra-frequency measurement (50)7.37 Intra-frequency measurement event results (51)7.38 Intra-frequency measurement quantity (51)7.39 Intra-frequency measurement reporting criteria (51)7.40 Intra-frequency measurement system information (51)7.41 Intra-frequency reporting quantity (52)7.42 Intra-frequency reporting quantity for RACH reporting (52)7.43 Maximum number of reported cells on RACH (52)7.44 Measured results (52)7.45 Measured results on RACH (52)7.46 Measurement Command (52)7.47 Measurement control system information (53)7.48 Measurement Identity (53)7.49 Measurement reporting mode (53)7.50 Measurement Type (53)7.51 Measurement validity (53)7.52 Observed time difference to GSM cell (53)7.53 Periodical reporting criteria (53)7.54 Primary CCPCH RSCP info (54)7.55 Quality measured results list (54)7.56 Quality measurement (54)7.57 Quality measurement event results (54)7.58 Quality measurement reporting criteria (54)7.59 Quality reporting quantity (54)7.60 Reference time difference to cell (54)7.61 Reporting Cell Status (55)7.62 Reporting information for state CELL_DCH (55)7.63 SFN-SFN observed time difference (55)7.64 Time to trigger (55)7.65 Timeslot ISCP info (55)7.66 Traffic volume event identity (55)7.67 Traffic volume measured results list (55)7.68 Traffic volume measurement (55)7.69 Traffic volume measurement event results (56)7.70 Traffic volume measurement object (56)7.71 Traffic volume measurement quantity (56)7.72 Traffic volume measurement reporting criteria (56)7.73 Traffic volume measurement system information (56)7.74 Traffic volume reporting quantity (56)7.75 UE internal event identity (56)7.76 UE internal measured results (57)7.77 UE internal measurement (57)7.78 UE internal measurement event results (57)7.79 UE internal measurement quantity (57)7.80 UE internal measurement reporting criteria (57)7.81 Void (58)7.82 UE Internal reporting quantity (58)7.83 UE Rx-Tx time difference type 1 (58)7.84 UE Rx-Tx time difference type 2 (58)7.85 UE Transmitted Power info (58)7.86 UE positioning Ciphering info (58)7.87 UE positioning Error (58)7.88 UE positioning GPS acquisition assistance (59)7.89 UE positioning GPS almanac (59)7.90 UE positioning GPS assistance data (59)7.91 UE positioning GPS DGPS corrections (59)7.92 UE positioning GPS ionospheric model (59)7.93 UE positioning GPS measured results (59)7.94 UE positioning GPS navigation model (60)7.95 UE positioning GPS real-time integrity (60)7.96 UE positioning GPS reference time (60)7.97 UE positioning GPS UTC model (61)7.98 UE positioning IPDL parameters (61)7.99 UE positioning measured results (61)7.100 UE positioning measurement (61)7.101 UE positioning measurement event results (61)7.102 Void (62)7.103 UE positioning OTDOA assistance data for UE-assisted (62)7.104 Void (62)7.105 UE positioning OTDOA measured results (62)7.106 UE positioning OTDOA neighbor cell info (62)7.107 UE positioning OTDOA quality (63)7.108 UE positioning OTDOA reference cell info (63)7.109 UE positioning position estimate info (64)7.110 UE positioning reporting criteria (64)7.111 UE positioning reporting quantity (64)7.112 T ADV info (65)8 其它信息元素 (65)8.1 BCCH modification info (65)8.2 BSIC (65)8.3 CBS DRX Level 1 information (65)8.4 Cell Value tag (65)8.5 Inter-RAT change failure (65)8.6 Inter-RAT handover failure (66)8.7 Inter-RAT UE radio access capability (66)8.8 Void (66)8.9 MIB Value tag (66)8.10 PLMN Value tag (66)8.11 Predefined configuration identity and value tag (66)8.12 Protocol error information (66)8.13 References to other system information blocks (66)8.14 References to other system information blocks and scheduling blocks (67)8.15 Rplmn information (67)8.16 Scheduling information (67)8.17 SEG COUNT (67)8.18 Segment index (67)8.19 SIB data fixed (67)8.20 SIB data variable (67)8.21 SIB type (67)8.22 SIB type SIBs only (67)9 ANSI-41 Information elements (68)10 Multiplicity values and type constraint values (68)信息元素功能性定义消息是由多个信息元素组合而成，信息元素根据其功能的不同划分为：核心网域信息元素、UTRAN 移动信息元素、UE 信息元素、无线承载信息元素、传输信道信息元素、物理信道信息元素和测量信息元素。
saej1699-1v001
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lecture 3
CHAPTER 3CHAPTER SUMMARYWHAT IS LEARNING?Learning involves the acquisition of abilities that are not innate. Learning depends on experience, including feedback from the environment.WHAT BEHIVIORAL LEARNING THEORIES HAVE EVOLVED?Early research into learning studied the effects of stimuli on reflexive behaviors. Ivan Pavlov contributed the idea of classical conditioning, in which neutral stimuli can acquire the capacity to evoke behavioral responses through their association with unconditioned stimuli that trigger reflexes. E. L. Thorndike developed the termining future behavior. B. F. Skinner continued the study of the relationship between behavior and consequences. He described operant conditioning, in which rein forcers and punishers shape behavior.WHAT ARE SOME PRINCIPLES OF BEHAVIORAL LEARNING? Reinforcers increase the frequency of a behavior, and punishers decrease its frequency. Reinforcement can be primary or secondary, positive or negative. Intrinsic reinforcers are rewards inherent in a behavior itself. Extrinsic rinforcers are praise or rewards. Punishment involves weakening behavior by either introducing aversive consequences or removing reinforcers. The Premack Principle states thart a way to increase less-enjoyed activities is to more-enjoyed activities.Shaping through timely feedback on each step of an effective teaching practice based on behavioral learning theory. Extinction is the weakening and gradual disappearance of behavior as reinforcement is withdraw.Schendules of reinforcement are used to increase the probability, frequency, or persistence of desired behavior. Reinforcement schedules may be based on ratios or intervals and fixed or variable.Antecedent stimuli serve as cues indicating which behaviors will be reinforced or published. Discrimination involves using cues to detect differences between stimulus situations, whereas generalization involves responding to similarities between stimuli. Generalization is transfer or carryover of behaviors learned under one set of conditions to other situations.HOW HAS SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY CONTRIBUTED TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN LEARNING?Social learning theory is based on a recognition of the importance of observational learning and self-regulated learning. Bandura noted that learning throughmodeling-directly or vicariously-involves four phases: paying attention, retaining the modeled behavior, reproducing the behavior, and being motivated to repeat the behavior. Bandura proposed that students should be taught to have expectations for their own performances and to reinforce themselves. Meichenbaum proposed steps for self-regulated that represent a form of cognitive behavior modification.Behavioral learning theories are central to the application of educational psychology in classroom management, discipline, motivation, instructional models, and other areas. Behavioral learning theories are limited in scope, however, in that they describe only observable that can be directly measured.*KEY TERMSantecedent stimuli156aversive stimulus 149behavioral learning theories 138 classical conditioning 140 cognitive behavior modification 161 cognitive learning theories 138 conditioned stimulus 140 consequences 144cues 156discrimination 156extinction 151extinction burst 152extrinsic reinforcers 147fixed-interval schedule 154fixed-ratio(FR) schedule 153 generalization 157intrinsic reiforcers 147Law of Effect141Learning 138Maintenance155155modeling 159negative reinforcer144neutral stimuli 140observational learning 159operant conditioning 142positive reinforcer 144Premack Principle 146 Presentation punishment 149 Primary reinforcer 144 punishment 148reinforcer 144removal punishment 149schedule of reinforcement 153 secondary reinforcer 144self-regulation 161shaping 151Skinner box142social learning theory159stimuli (stimulus)139time out 149unconditioned response 140 unconditioned stimulus140variable-interval schedule 154variable-ratio(VR) schedule 153vicarious learning 160CHAPTER 6CHAPTER SUMMARYWHAT IS AN INFORMATION-PROCESSING MODEL?The three major components of memory are the sensory register, short-term or working memory, and long-term memory. The sensory registers are very short-term memories linked to the senses. Information that is received by the senses but not attended to will be quickly forgotten. Once information is received, it is processed by the mind in accord with our experiences and mental states. This activity is called perception.Short-term or working memory is a storage system that holds five to nine bits of information at any one time. Information enters working memory from both the sensory register and the long-term memory. Rehearsal is the process of repeating information in order to hold it in working memory.Long-term memory is the part of the memory system in which a large amount of information is stored for an indefinite time period. Cognitive theories of learning stress the importance of helping students relate information being learned to existing information in long-term memory.The three parts of long-term memory are episodic memory, which stores our memories of personal experiences; semantic memory, which stores facts and generalized knowledge in the form of schemata; and procedural memory, which stores knowledge of how to do things. Schemata are networks of related ideas that guide our understanding and action. Information that fits into a well-developed schema is easier to learn than information that cannot be so accommodated. Level s-of-processing theory suggests that learners will remember only the things that they process. Students are processing information when they manipulate it, look at it from different perspectives, and analyze it. Dual code theory further suggests the importance of using both visual and verbal coding to learn bits of information. Other elaborations of the information-processing model are parallel distributed processing, and connectionist models.Technology that enables scientists to observe the brain in action has led to rapid advances in brain science. Finding have shown how specific parts of the brain sites. As individuals gain expertise, their brain function becomes more efficient. Early brain development is a process of adding neural connections and then sloughing off those that are not used.WHAT CAUSES PEOPLE TO REMEMBER OR FORGET?Interference theory helps explain why people forget. It suggests that students can forget information when it gets mixed up with, or pushed aside by, other information. Interference theory states that two situations cause forgetting: retroactive inhibition, when learning a second task makes a person forget something that was learnedpreviously, and proactive inhibition, when learning one thing interferes with the retention of things learned later. The primary and recency effects state that people best remember information that is presented first and last in a series. Automaticity is gained by practicing information or skills far beyond the amount needed to establish them in long-term memory so that using such skills requires little or no mental effort. Practice strengthens associations of newly learned information in memory. Distributed practice, which involves practicing parts of a task over a period of time, is usually more effective than massed practice. Enactment also helps students to remember information.HOW CAN MEMORY STRATEGIES BE TAUGHT?Teacher can help students remember facts by presenting lessons in an organized way and by teaching students to use memory strategies called mnemonics. Three types of verbal learning are paired-associate learning, serial learning, and free-recall learning. Paired-associate learning is to respond with one member of a pair when given the other member. Students can improve their learning or paired associates by using imagery techniques such as the keyword method. Serial learning involves recalling a list of items in a specified order. Free-call learning involves recalling the list in any order. Helpful strategies are the loci method, the pegword method, rhyming, and initial-letter strategies.WHAT MAKES INFORMATION MEANINGFUL?Information that makes sense and has significance to students is more meaningful than inter knowledge and information learned by rote. According to schema theory, individuals’ meaningful knowledge is constructed of networks and hierarchies of schemata.HOW DO METACOGNITIVE SKILLS HELP STUDENTS LEARN? Metacognitive helps students learn by thinking about, controlling, and effectively using their own thinking processes.WHAT STUDY STRATEGIES HELP STUDENTS LEARN?Note-taking, selective directed underlining, summarizing, writing to learn, outlining, and mapping can effectively promote learning. The PQ4R method is an example of a strategy that focuses on the meaningful organization of information.HOW DO COGNITIVE TEACHING STRATEGIES HELP STUDENTS LEARN?Advance organizers help students process new information by activating background knowledge. Analogies, information elaboration, organizational schemes, questioning techniques, and conceptual models are other examples of teaching strategies that are based on cognitive learning theories.*KEY TERMSadvance organizers 208analogies 209attention 175automaticity 192connectionist models 184distributed practice 194dual code theory memory 183 elaboration 209enactment 194episodic memory 179flashbulb memory 179free-recall learning 195imagery 195inert knowledge 200information-processing theory 173 initial-letter strategies 198 interference 189keyword method 196levels-of-processing theory 182loci method 197long-term memory 179mapping 205massed practice 194meaningful learning 199 metacognition 203metacognitive skills 203mnemonics 196note-taking 204outlining 205paired-associate learning 195parallel distributed processing model 183 pegword method 198perception 175PQ4R method 205primary effect 191proactive facilitation 190proactive inhibition 190procedural memory 179recency effect 191rehearsal 176retroactive facilitation 190 retroactive inhibition 189rote learning 199schemata 180schemata theory 200self-questioning strategies 203 semantic memory 179sensory register 173serial learning 195short-term memory 175 summarizing 205 verbal learning 195 working memory 175。
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我国政府部门英文名称我国政府部门英文名称全国人民代表大会National People's Congress (NPC)主席团Presidium常务委员会Standing Committee办公厅General Office秘书处Secretariat代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee法律委员会Law Committee财务经济委员会Finance Affairs Committee外事委员会Foreign and Economy Committee教育，科学，文化委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee法制委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs特定问题委员会Committee of Inquiry into Special Questions宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China中央军事委员会Central Military Commission最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate国务院State Council(1)国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs国防部Ministry of National Defence国家发展计划委员State Development Planning Commission国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission教育部Ministry of Education科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology国家科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence 国家民族事务委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission公安部Ministry of Public Security***** Ministry of State Security监察部Ministry of Supervision民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs司法部Ministry of Justice财政部Ministry of Finance人事部Ministry of Personnel劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labour and Social Security国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources建设部Ministry of Construction铁路部Ministry of Railways交通部Ministry of Communications信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry水利部Ministry of Water Resources农业部Ministry of Agriculture对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation 文化部Ministry of Culture卫生部Ministry of Public Health国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission中国人民银行People’s Bank of China国家审计署State Auditing Administration(2)国务院办事机构Offices under that State Council国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council侨务办公厅Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs港澳办公厅Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office台湾办公厅Taiwan Affairs Office法制办公厅Office of Legislative Affairs经济体制办公厅Office for Economic Restructuring国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council新闻办公室Information Office(3)国务院直属机构Departments Directly under the State Council海关总署General Administration of Customs国家税务总局State Taxation Administration国家环境保护总局State Environmental Protection Administration中国民用航空总局Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC)国家广播电影电视总局State Administration of Radio, Film and Television 国家体育总局State Physical Cultural Administration国家统计局State Statistics Bureau国家工商行政管理局State Administration of Industry and Commerce新闻出版署Press and Publication Administration国家版权局State Copyright Bureau国家林业局State Forestry Bureau国家质量技术监督局State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision国家药品监督管理局State Drug Administration (SDA)国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO)国家旅游局National Tourism Administration国家宗教事务局State Bureau of Religious Affairs国务院参事室Counsellors’Office of the State Council国务院机关事务管理局Government Offices Administration of the State Council(4)国务院直属事业单位Institutions Directly under the State Council新华通讯社Xinhua News Agency中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering国务院发展研究中心Development Research Centre of the State Council国家行政学院National School of Administration中国地震局China Seismological Bureau中国气象局China Meteorological Bureau中国证券监督管理委员会China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRS)(5)部委管理的国家局State Bureaux Administration by Ministration or Commission)国家粮食储备局(国家发展计划委员会)State Bureau of Grain Reserve (Under the State Development Plann ing Commission)国家国内贸易局State Bureau of Internal Trade国家煤炭工业局State Bureau of Coal Industry国家机械工业局State Bureau of Machine Building Industry国家冶金工业局State Bureau of Metallurgical Industry国家石油和化学工业局State Bureau of Petroleum and Chemical Industry国家轻工业局State Bureau of Light Industry国家纺织工业局State Bureau of Textile Industry国家建筑材料工业局State Bureau of Building Materials Industry国家烟草专卖局State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau国家有色金属工业局State Bureau of Nonferrous Metal Industry(以上由国家经贸委管理above are all under the State Economic and Trade Commission)国家外国专家局(人事部) State Bureau of Foreign Experts Affairs (under the Ministry of Personnel)国家海洋局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Oceanic Administration (under the Ministry of Land and Resour ces)国家测绘局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (ditto)国家邮政局(信息产业部) State Post Bureau (under the Ministry of Information Industry)国家文物局(文化部) State Cultural Relics Bureau (under the Ministry of Culture)国家中医药管理局(卫生部) State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (under the Ministry of P ublic Health)国家外汇管理局(中国人民银行总行) State Administration of Foreign Exchange (under the People’s Bank of China)国家出入境检验检疫局(海关总署) State Administration for EntryExit Inspection and Quarantine (under the General Administration of Customs)我国政府部门英文名称我国政府部门英文名称全国人民代表大会National People's Congress (NPC)主席团Presidium常务委员会Standing Committee办公厅General Office秘书处Secretariat代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee法律委员会Law Committee财务经济委员会Finance Affairs Committee外事委员会Foreign and Economy Committee教育，科学，文化委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee法制委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs特定问题委员会Committee of Inquiry into Special Questions宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China中央军事委员会Central Military Commission最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate国务院State Council(1)国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs国防部Ministry of National Defence国家发展计划委员State Development Planning Commission国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission教育部Ministry of Education科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology国家科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence国家民族事务委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission公安部Ministry of Public Security***** Ministry of State Security监察部Ministry of Supervision民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs司法部Ministry of Justice财政部Ministry of Finance人事部Ministry of Personnel劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labour and Social Security国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources建设部Ministry of Construction铁路部Ministry of Railways交通部Ministry of Communications信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry水利部Ministry of Water Resources农业部Ministry of Agriculture对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation 文化部Ministry of Culture卫生部Ministry of Public Health国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission中国人民银行People’s Bank of China国家审计署State Auditing Administration(2)国务院办事机构Offices under that State Council国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council侨务办公厅Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs港澳办公厅Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office台湾办公厅Taiwan Affairs Office法制办公厅Office of Legislative Affairs经济体制办公厅Office for Economic Restructuring国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council新闻办公室Information Office(3)国务院直属机构Departments Directly under the State Council海关总署General Administration of Customs国家税务总局State Taxation Administration国家环境保护总局State Environmental Protection Administration中国民用航空总局Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC)国家广播电影电视总局State Administration of Radio, Film and Television 国家体育总局State Physical Cultural Administration国家统计局State Statistics Bureau国家工商行政管理局State Administration of Industry and Commerce新闻出版署Press and Publication Administration国家版权局State Copyright Bureau国家林业局State Forestry Bureau国家质量技术监督局State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision国家药品监督管理局State Drug Administration (SDA)国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO)国家旅游局National Tourism Administration国家宗教事务局State Bureau of Religious Affairs国务院参事室Counsellors’Office of the State Council国务院机关事务管理局Government Offices Administration of the State Council(4)国务院直属事业单位Institutions Directly under the State Council新华通讯社Xinhua News Agency中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering国务院发展研究中心Development Research Centre of the State Council国家行政学院National School of Administration中国地震局China Seismological Bureau中国气象局China Meteorological Bureau中国证券监督管理委员会China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRS)(5)部委管理的国家局State Bureaux Administration by Ministration or Commission)国家粮食储备局(国家发展计划委员会)State Bureau of Grain Reserve (Under the State Development Plann ing Commission)国家国内贸易局State Bureau of Internal Trade国家煤炭工业局State Bureau of Coal Industry国家机械工业局State Bureau of Machine Building Industry国家冶金工业局State Bureau of Metallurgical Industry国家石油和化学工业局State Bureau of Petroleum and Chemical Industry国家轻工业局State Bureau of Light Industry国家纺织工业局State Bureau of Textile Industry国家建筑材料工业局State Bureau of Building Materials Industry国家烟草专卖局State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau国家有色金属工业局State Bureau of Nonferrous Metal Industry(以上由国家经贸委管理above are all under the State Economic and Trade Commission)国家外国专家局(人事部) State Bureau of Foreign Experts Affairs (under the Ministry of Personnel)国家海洋局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Oceanic Administration (under the Ministry of Land and Resour ces)国家测绘局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (ditto)国家邮政局(信息产业部) State Post Bureau (under the Ministry of Information Industry)国家文物局(文化部) State Cultural Relics Bureau (under the Ministry of Culture)国家中医药管理局(卫生部) State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (under the Ministry of Public Health)国家外汇管理局(中国人民银行总行) State Administration of Foreign Exchange (under the People’s Bank of China)国家出入境检验检疫局(海关总署) State Administration for EntryExit Inspection and Quarantine (under the General Administration of Customs)。
学历和国家机构英文
中国各学历的标准英文翻译《中华人民共和国学位条例》“Regulations Concerning Academic Degrees in the People's Republic of China”结业证书Certificate of Completion毕业证书Certificate of Graduation肄业证书Certificate of Completion/Incompletion/ Attendance/Study 教育学院College/Institute of Education中学Middle[Secondary] School师范学校Normal School[upper secondary level]师范专科学校Normal Specialized Postsecondary College师范大学Normal[Teachers] University公证书Notarial Certificate专科学校Postsecondary Specialized College广播电视大学Radio and Television University中等专科学校Secondary Specialized School自学考试Self-Study Examination技工学校Skilled Workers[Training] School业余大学Spare-Time University职工大学Staff and Workers University大学University(regular, degree-granting)职业大学V ocational University大专College中专 Technical secondary school /Polytechnic school中等专科学校不同于中专，类似常说的“小中专”和“大中专”的区别。
硕士学位Master degree博士学位Doctor's degree中国国家机关名称翻译全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC)常务委员会Standing Committee办公厅General Office秘书处Secretariat代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee法律委员会Law Committee财务经济委员会Finance Affairs Committee外事委员会Foreign and Economy Committee教育，科学，文卫委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee 内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee法制委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs特定问题委员会Committee of Inquiry into Special Questions宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China中央军事委员会Central Military Commission最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorat e国务院State Council(1)国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs国防部Ministry of National Defense国家发展计划委员State Development Planning Commission国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission教育部Ministry of Education科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology国家科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense国家民族事务委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission公安部Ministry of Public Security国家安全部Ministry of State Security监察部Ministry of Supervision民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs司法部Ministry of Justice财政部Ministry of Finance人事部Ministry of Personnel劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labor and Social Security国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources建设部Ministry of Construction铁路部Ministry of Railways交通部Ministry of Communications信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry水利部Ministry of Water Resources农业部Ministry of Agriculture对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation 文化部Ministry of Culture卫生部Ministry of Public Health国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission中国人民银行People’s Bank of China国家审计署State Auditing Administration(2)国务院办事机构Offices under that State Council国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council侨务办公厅Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs港澳办公厅Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office台湾办公厅Taiwan Affairs Office法制办公厅Office of Legislative Affairs经济体制办公厅Office for Economic Restructuring国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council新闻办公室Information Office(3)国务院直属机构Departments Directly under the State Council海关总署General Administration of Customs国家税务总局State Taxation Administration国家环境保护总局State Environmental Protection Administration中国民用航空总局Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC)国家广播电影电视总局State Administration of Radio, Film and Television国家体育总局State Physical Cultural Administration国家统计局State Statistics Bureau国家工商行政管理局State Administration of Industry and Commerce新闻出版署Press and Publication Administration国家版权局State Copyright Bureau国家林业局State Forestry Bureau国家质量技术监督局State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision国家药品监督管理局State Drug Administration (SDA)国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO)国家旅游局National Tourism Administration国家宗教事务局State Bureau of Religious Affairs国务院参事室Counselors’ Office of the State Council国务院机关事务管理局Government Offices Administration of the State Council (4)国务院直属事业单位Institutions Directly under the State Council新华通讯社Xinhua News Agency中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering国务院发展研究中心Development Research Center of the State Council国家行政学院National School of Administration中国地震局China Seismological Bureau中国气象局China Meteorological Bureau中国证券监督管理委员会China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRS) (5)部委管理的国家局State Bureau Administration by Ministration or Commission) 国家粮食储备局(国家发展计划委员会)State Bureau of Grain Reserve (Under the State Development Planning Commission)国家国内贸易局State Bureau of Internal Trade国家煤炭工业局State Bureau of Coal Industry国家机械工业局State Bureau of Machine Building Industry国家冶金工业局State Bureau of Metallurgical Industry国家石油和化学工业局State Bureau of Petroleum and Chemical Industry国家轻工业局State Bureau of Light Industry国家纺织工业局State Bureau of Textile Industry国家建筑材料工业局State Bureau of Building Materials Industry国家烟草专卖局State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau国家有色金属工业局State Bureau of Nonferrous Metal Industry(以上由国家经贸委管理above are all under the State Economic and Trade Commission)国家外国专家局(人事部) State Bureau of Foreign Experts Affairs (under the Ministry of Personnel)国家海洋局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Oceanic Administration (under the Ministry of Land and Resources)国家测绘局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (ditto)国家邮政局(信息产业部) State Post Bureau (under the Ministry of Information Industry)国家文物局(文化部) State Cultural Relics Bureau (under the Ministry of Culture) 国家中医药管理局(卫生部) State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (under the Ministry of Public Health)国家外汇管理局(中国人民银行总行) State Administration of Foreign Exchange (under the People’s Bank of China)国家出入境检验检疫局(海关总署) State Administration for Entry & Exit Inspection and Quarantine (under the General Administration of Customs)。
国家机构英文翻译表
国家机关翻译表全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC)主席团Presidium人大代表常务委员会Standing Committee办公厅General Office秘书处Secretariat代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee选举工作委员会 Election Committee研究室 Legislative Research Office提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee法律委员会Law Committee财务经济委员会Financial and Economic Committee外事委员会Foreign and Economy Committee教育，科学，文化委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee 内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee法制委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs农业与农村委员会 Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee环境资源与城乡建设委员会the Environmental and Resources Protection and Municipal and Rural Construction Committee民族、侨务、外事委员会The Overseas Chinese and Foreign Affairs and Ethnic Affairs Committee市人大常委会选举任免代表工作委员会Committee for Elections, Appointments, Removals and Deputies Affairs特定问题委员会Committee of Inquiry into Special Questions宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China中央军事委员会Central Military Commission建设部Ministry of Construction铁路部 Ministry of Railways交通部 Ministry of Communications信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry水利部Ministry of Water Resources农业部Ministry of Agriculture对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation文化部Ministry of Culture卫生部Ministry of Public Health国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission中国人民银行People’s Bank of China国家审计署State A最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate国务院State Council(1)国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs国防部Ministry of National Defence国家发展计划委员State Development Planning Commission国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission***Ministry of Education科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology国家科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence国家民族事务委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission公安部 Ministry of Public Security国家安全部 Ministry of State Security监察部 Ministry of Supervision民政部 Ministry of Civil Affairs司法部 Ministry of Justice财政部 Ministry of Finance人事部 Ministry of Personnel劳动和社会保障部 Ministry of Labour and Social Security国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources(3)国务院直属机构Departments Directly under the State Council海关总署General Administration of Customs国家税务总局State Taxation Administration国家环境保护总局State Environmental Protection Administration中国民用航空总局Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC)国家广播电影电视总局State Administration of Radio, Film and Television国家体育总局State Physical Cultural Administration国家统计局State Statistics Bureau国家工商行政管理局State Administration of Industry and Commerce新闻出版署Press and Publication Administration国家版权局State Copyright Bureau国家林业局State Forestry Bureau国家质量技术监督局State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision国家药品监督管理局State Drug Administration (SDA)国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO)国家旅游局National Tourism Administration国家宗教事务局State Bureau of Religious Affairs国务院参事室Counsellors’ Office of the State Council国务院机关事务管理局Government Offices Administration of the State Council (4)国务院直属事业单位Institutions Directly under the State Council新华通讯社Xinhua News Agency中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering国务院发展研究中心Development Research Centre of the State Council国家行政学院National School of Administration中国地震局China Seismological Bureau中国气象局China Meteorological Bureau中国证券监督管理委员会China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRS)(5)部委管理的国家局State Bureaux Administration by Ministration or Commission)国家粮食储备局(国家发展计划委员会)State Bureau of Grain Reserve (Under the State Development Planning Commission)国家国内贸易局 State Bureau of Internal Trade国家煤炭工业局 State Bureau of Coal Industry国家机械工业局State Bureau of Machine Building Industry国家冶金工业局State Bureau of Metallurgical Industry国家石油和化学工业局State Bureau of Petroleum and Chemical Industry国家轻工业局State Bureau of Light Industry国家纺织工业局State Bureau of Textile Industry国家建筑材料工业局State Bureau of Building Materials Industry国家烟草专卖局State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau国家有色金属工业局State Bureau of Nonferrous Metal Industry(以上由国家经贸委管理above are all under the State Economic and Trade Commission)国家外国专家局(人事部) State Bureau of Foreign Experts Affairs (under the Ministry of Personnel)国家海洋局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Oceanic Administration (under the Ministry of Land and Resources)国家测绘局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (ditto)国家邮政局(信息产业部) State Post Bureau (under the Ministry of Information Industry)国家文物局(文化部) State Cultural Relics Bureau (under the Ministry of Culture)国家中医药管理局(卫生部) State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (under the Ministry of Public Health)国家外汇管理局(中国人民银行总行) State Administration of Foreign Exchange (under the People’s Bank of China)国家出入境检验检疫局(海关总署) State Administration for EntryExit Inspection and Quarantine (under the General Administration of Customs)中国***，其他政党及政协相关名称中国***中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC中央组织部Organization Department, CCCPC中央宣传部Publicity Department, CCCPC中央统一战线部United Front Work Department, CCCPC中央对外联络部International Liaison Department, CCCPC中央政法委员会Committee of Political and Legislative Affairs, CCCPC中央政策研究室Policy Research Office, CCCPC中央直属机关工作委员会Work Committee for Offices Directly under the CCCPC中央国家机关工作委员会State Organs Work Committee of the CPC中央台湾工作委员会Taiwan Affairs Office, CCCPC中央对外宣传办公室International Communication Office, CCCPC中央党校Party School of the CPC中央党史研究室Party History Research Centre, CCCPC中央文献研究室Party Literature Research Centre, CCCPC中央翻译局Compilation and Translation Bureau, CCCPC中央外文出版发行事业局China Foreign Languages Publishing and Distribution Administration中央档案馆Archives Bureau, CCCPC《中国人民政治协商会议及其机构》The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and Its Structure中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅General Offices of the CPPCC National Committee专门委员会Special Committee提案委员会Committee for Handling Proposals经济委员会Committee for Economic Affairs人口资源环境委员会Committee of Population, Resources and Environment教科文卫体委员会Committee of Education, Science, Culture, Health and Sports社会和法制委员会Committee for Social and Legal Affairs民族和宗教委员会Committee for Ethnic and Religious Affairs文史资料委员会Committee of Cultural and Historical Data港澳台侨委员会Committee for Liaison with Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Overseas Chinese外事委员会Committee of Foreign Affairs中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local Committees《中国政党Chinese Parties》中国***(中共)Communist Party of China (CPC)中国国民党革命委员会(民革)Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang中国民主同盟(民盟)Chinese Democratic League中国民主建国会(民建)China Democratic National Construction Association中国民主促进会(民进)China Association for Promoting Democracy中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party中国致公党China Zhi Gong Dang九三学社Jiu San Society中国人民团体,协会名称英译测绘学会Society of Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography地震学会Seismological Society国际金融学会International Finance Society国际战略问题学会Institute for International Strategic Studies海洋学会Society of Oceanography科普学会Popular Science Society全国少年儿童文化艺术委员会Nat’l Council on Cultural and Art Work for Children 全国少年儿童工作协调委员会Nat’l Children’s Work Coordination Committee全国史学会China Society of History宋庆龄基金会Song Ching Ling Foundation中国奥林匹克委员会Chinese Olympic Committee中国笔会中心Chinese Pen Centre中国联合国教科文组织全国委员会Nat’l Commission of The People’s Republic of China for UNESCO中国联合国协会United Nations Association of the People’s Republic of China中国美术家协会Chinese Artists Association中国民间文艺家协会China Society for the Study of Folk Literature and Art中国企业管理协会China Enterprise Management Association中国曲艺家协会Chinese Ballad Singers Association中国人民保卫儿童基金会Chinese People’s National Committee for Defence of Children 中国人民对外友好协会Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries中国少年儿童基金会Children’s Foundation of China中国少年先锋队China Young Pioneers中国摄影家协会Chinese Photographers Society中国书法家协会Chinese Calligraphers Association中国天主教爱国会Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association中国天主教教务委员会Nat’l Administrative Commission of the Chinese Catholic Church中国天主教主教团Chinese Catholic Bishops College中国文学艺术界联合会China Federation of Literary and Art Circles中国舞蹈家协会Chinese Dancers Association中国戏剧家协会Chinese Dramatists Association中国伊斯兰教协会Chinese Islamic Association中国音乐家协会Chinese Musicians Association中国杂技艺术家协会Chinese Acrobats Association中国政法学会China Society of Political Science and Law中国作家协会Chinese Writers Association中化全国妇女联合会All China Women’s Federation中华全国工商联合会All China Federation of Industry and Commerce中华全国归国华侨联合会All China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese中华全国青年联合会All China Youth Federation中华全国世界语联合会All China Esperanto League中华全国台湾同胞联谊会All China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots中华全国体育总会All China Sports Federation中华全国新闻工作者协会All China Journalists’ Association中华全国总工会All China Federation of Trade Unions中华医学会Chinese Medical Association中国各级党政机关干部名称英译名中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee政治局常委Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee中央委员 Member, Central Committee候补委员 Alternate Member…省委/市委书记Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC党组书记 secretary, Party Leadership Group中华人民共和国主席/副主席President/Vice President, the People’s Repu blic of China全国人大委员长/副委员长Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congress秘书长 Secretary-General主任委员 Chairman委员 Member（地方人大）主任Chairman, Local People’s Congress人大代表Deputy to the People’s Congress国务院总理 Premier, State Council国务委员 State Councilor秘书长 Secretary-General（国务院各委员会）主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for（国务院各部）部长 Minister部长助理 Assistant Minister司长 Director局长 Director省长 Governor常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor自治区人民政府主席Chairman, Autonomous Regional People’s Government地区专员 Commissioner, prefecture建设部Ministry of Construction铁路部 Ministry of Railways交通部 Ministry of Communications信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry水利部Ministry of Water Resources农业部Ministry of Agriculture对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation文化部Ministry of Culture卫生部Ministry of Public Health国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission中国人民银行People’s Bank of China国家审计署State Auditing Bureau中国科学院 Chinese Academy of Sciences中国国家测绘局 the National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping of China中国国家体委 the National Physical Culture and Sports Commission of China。
智利抗震规范
NCh433
Index
5.8 Seismic actions on the structure 5.9 Seismic deformations 5.10 Separations between buildings or building parts 5.11 Drawings and calculation report
38
A.4 General provisions for repair methods
38Βιβλιοθήκη A.5 Requirements that must be met by the construction process of the
structural rehabilitation
39
A.6 Necessity of rehabilitation for buildings without damages
the seismic movement
6
4.3 Classification of buildings and structures according to their importance,
occupancy and failure risk
6
4.4 Seismic instruments
7
5
37
A.1 General
37
A.2 Evaluation of the seismic damage and structural rehabilitation decisions
37
A.3 Requirements to be met by the structural rehabilitation project
6
无人机航测及地理信息技术在地形测绘中的应用
TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATION科学与信息化2023年4月上 41无人机航测及地理信息技术在地形测绘中的应用席辉安徽亿隆勘测规划有限责任公司 安徽 合肥 230000摘 要 科学技术的不断发展，推动了各个行业与领域的信息化进程。
在信息技术的支持下，无人机航测技术由此衍生，无人机航测主要结合了信息技术与数码相机技术，这一技术被地形测绘所广泛应用，主要用于地理信息的采集，具有作业成本低、测量精度高、工作效率高的优势，提升了地形测绘的准确性。
基于此，本文针对无人机航测及地理信息技术在地形测绘中的应用进行分析，以供相关人员参考。
关键词 无人机；航测；地理信息；地形测绘Application of UA V Aerial Survey and Geographic Information Technology in Terrain Surveying and Mapping Xi HuiAnhui Yilong Survey Planning Co., Ltd., Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, ChinaAbstract The continuous development of science and technology has promoted the informatization process of various industries and fields. With the support of information technology, UAV aerial survey technology is derived. UAV aerial survey mainly combines information technology and digital camera technology, and this technology is widely used by terrain surveying and mapping, mainly used for the collection of geographic information, with the advantages of low operating costs, high measurement accuracy, high work efficiency, it can improve the accuracy of terrain surveying and mapping. Based on this condition, this paper analyzes the application of UA V aerial survey and geographic information technology in terrain surveying and mapping, providing the reference for relevant personnel.Key words UA V; aerial survey; geographic information; terrain surveying and mapping引言地形测绘工作是指对地形、地物等所对应的地理位置在水平面上的投影和高程进行测量，并对其进行标记和符号，最终将所采集的信息按照特定比例绘制成为地形图，此项技术被广泛应用于建筑工程、矿山开采、地质勘测、城市规划军事等不同的领域中。
20_中国国家机关名称解读
国家科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense 国家民族事务委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission 公安部 Ministry of Public Security 国家安全部 Ministry of State Security 监察部 Ministry of Supervision 民政部 Ministry of Civil Affairs 司法部 Ministry of Justice 财政部 Ministry of Finance 人事部 Ministry of Personnel 劳动和社会保障部 Ministry of Labor and Social Security 国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources 建设部Ministry of Construction 铁路部 Ministry of Railways 交通部 Ministry of Communications 信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry 水利部Ministry of Water Resources
China • 中央军事委员会Central Military Commission • 最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court • 最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate • 国务院State Council （1）国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the
• 法制委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs • 特定问题委员会Committee of Inquiry into Special Questions • 宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution • 中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of
政府机关官职英文名
国务院直属事业单位institutions
directly under the state council
新华通讯社xinhua news agency 中国科学院chinese academy of sciences 中国社会科学院chinese academy of social sciences 中国工程院chinese academy of engineering 国务院发展研究中心development research centre of the state council 国家行政学院national school of administration 中国地震局china seismological bureau 中国气象局china meteorological bureau 中国证券监督管理委员会china securities regulatory commission (csrc)
部委管理的国家局state bureaux administration by
ministration or commission
国家粮食储备局(国家发展计划委员会)state bureau of grain reserve (under the state development planning commission) 国家国内贸易局 state bureau of internal trade 国家煤炭工业局 state bureau of coal industry 国家机械工业局state bureau of machine building industry 国家冶金工业局state bureau of metallurgical industry 国家石油和化学工业局state bureau of petroleum and chemical industry 国家轻工业局state bureau of light industry 国家纺织工业局state bureau of textile industry 国家建筑材料工业局 state bureau of building materials industry 国家烟草专卖局state tobacco monopoly bureau 国家有色金属工业局state bureau of nonferrous metal industry