高一英语8单元学案(人教版高一英语上册学案设计)

1. stand for 代表

e.g. (1) P.O. stands for Post Office.

字母P.O.代表Post Office.

(2) P.R.C. stands for the People’s Republic of China. P.R.C.三个字母是中华人民共和国的缩写。

2. would rather 宁愿

宁愿做某事 would rather do sth.

prefer to do sth.

宁愿不做某事 would rather not do sth.

prefer not to do sth.

宁愿做某事而不愿做（另外）某事

would rather do sth. than do sth. prefer doing sth. to doing sth.

e.g. I’d rather stay at home than go shopping.

3. allow v.许可；容许；承认

allow后可接名词、代词、动名词或that从句作宾语。

e.g. (1) The law does not allow such actions.

法律不允许有这种行为。

(2) They don’t allow smoking here.

他们不允许抽烟。

(3) I allow that things are not easy.

我承认事情并不那么容易。

allow后还可接动词不定式的复合结构作宾语。

e.g. (1) My parents won’t allow me to stay out late.

我的父母不允许我深夜还不回家（留在外头）。

(2) We don’t allow such things to be done.

我们不允许有人做这样的事。

4. every four years每四年

every 与数词或other，few等连用，表示时间或空间的间隔，其几个主要结构如下：

（1）every+基数词+复数名词

The American people elect a president every four years.

美国人民每四年选举一任总统。

Take the medicine every six hours.

每隔6小时吃一次药。

（2）every+序数词+单数名词

He comes to see his uncle every third week.

他每三个星期来看望他叔叔一次。

（3）every +other+单数名词，“每隔一……”

Write on every other line.

请隔行写。

We have English lessons every other day;that is on Monday，Wednesday and Friday.

我们隔一天上英语课，就是在星期一，星期三和星期五。

（4）every +few+复数名词，“每隔几……”

Trees should be planted every few metres.

树应间隔几米种一棵。

pete v.竞争，比得上；比赛

compete in(a game，a match)参加

compete with/against sb.和某人竞争

compete for(a prize，a medal，the first place)角逐

e.g. (1) Will you compete in the race?

你会参加赛跑吗？

(2) He is going to compete against/with his old friend in the second round.

第2回合时他将与老朋友竞争。

(3) There is no book that can compete with this.

没有一本书抵得上这本的。

词形变化：competition n.竞争；比赛，竞赛

competitor n.竞争者，竞争对手

6.in modern times

time作“时代”解时，常用复数形式（times)。

in ancient times在古代

in modern times在现代

e.g. (1) Times have changed，and w e shouldn’t fall behind them.

时代变了，我们不应落后于时代。

(2) She didn’t understand the spirit of the times.

她不理解那个时代的精神。

time作“时代”时，也可用单数形式。

in Shakespeare’s time(在莎士比亚时代)

7.more and more越来越多的……

“adj./adv.的比较级+and+adj./adv.的比较级”是一种双重比较结构，表示持续不断的变化，意为“越来越……”。

e.g. (1) She is getting thinner and thinner.

她变得越来越瘦了。

(2) We are going more and more slowly.

我们越走越慢了。

［比较］the more…，the more…越……越……

e.g. (1) The more you know，the more you will realize how little you know.

知道得越多，越会体会到自己知道得多么有限。

(2) The sooner，the better.

越快越好。

(3) The older I get，the happier I am.

我越老越幸福。

8.英语中表示“参加”的词和短语：

join， join in，join sb. in sth.， take part in，attend

(1)join“参加”指加入党派、社会、团体等并成为其中一员。

e.g.He joined the Party in 1980.

他是1980年入党的。

Many of them have joined the army.

他们很多人都参军了。

join sb.“和某人一起……；和某人待在一起”

Will you join us for dinner?

和我们一起吃饭吧。