AntibioticsEnglish分析课件
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AntibioticsEnglish分析课件共44页
Nalidixic acid Ofloxacin Ciprofloxacin
Bacterial topoisomerase II- Gyrase
Antibiotics and drugs targeting nucleic acid biosynthesis and functions
Alexander Fleming's Nobel Lecture, 1945
The Global Challenge
Antibiotics have saved millions of lives Antibiotics are rapidly losing their effect
What is Antibiotic Resistance?
Anti-bacteria Medicine
Anti-bacteria medicine
Antibiotics: The substance derived from fungi and bacteria which can selectively kill or inhibit bacteria growth
Semi-synthesis: the most popular approach of production
Marketing potentiality Life-span of marketing and its
impact
Penicillin increased the chance of survival from 10% to 90%
Antibiotics and drugs targeting nucleic acid biosynthesis and functions
Bacterial topoisomerase II- Gyrase
Antibiotics and drugs targeting nucleic acid biosynthesis and functions
Alexander Fleming's Nobel Lecture, 1945
The Global Challenge
Antibiotics have saved millions of lives Antibiotics are rapidly losing their effect
What is Antibiotic Resistance?
Anti-bacteria Medicine
Anti-bacteria medicine
Antibiotics: The substance derived from fungi and bacteria which can selectively kill or inhibit bacteria growth
Semi-synthesis: the most popular approach of production
Marketing potentiality Life-span of marketing and its
impact
Penicillin increased the chance of survival from 10% to 90%
Antibiotics and drugs targeting nucleic acid biosynthesis and functions
AntibioticsEnglish分析课件 43页PPT
production
Modern Medicine Is Not Possible Without Effective Antibiotics
Hip replacement Organ transplants Cancer chemotherapy
Care of preterm babies
The survival of the fittest
Mechanism of resistance
Selection pressure ( not only in health institutions)
Genetic recombination ( especially conjugation mediated by plasmid)
Improper prescription of antibiotics
Problem of antibiotics which inhibit
protein synthesis
Antibiotics: From isolation of strain to clinical application
Selection of a potential product
Antibiotics and drugs targeting nucleic acid biosynthesis and functions
Antibiotics and drugs targeting nucleic acid biosynthesis and functions
1. Sulphonamides & Trimethoprim (TMP) PABA false structure
Antibiotic prescription for non-bacterial infection
Modern Medicine Is Not Possible Without Effective Antibiotics
Hip replacement Organ transplants Cancer chemotherapy
Care of preterm babies
The survival of the fittest
Mechanism of resistance
Selection pressure ( not only in health institutions)
Genetic recombination ( especially conjugation mediated by plasmid)
Improper prescription of antibiotics
Problem of antibiotics which inhibit
protein synthesis
Antibiotics: From isolation of strain to clinical application
Selection of a potential product
Antibiotics and drugs targeting nucleic acid biosynthesis and functions
Antibiotics and drugs targeting nucleic acid biosynthesis and functions
1. Sulphonamides & Trimethoprim (TMP) PABA false structure
Antibiotic prescription for non-bacterial infection
抗生素 (英文PPT)ANTIBIOTICS
*Treatment of chronic adult periodontitis almost totally amenable to mechanical therapy.
*Administration instead of mechanical therapy for periodontitis.
✓ Unwanted effects ✓ Precautions ✓ Contraindications ✓ Patient’s point if view ✓ Patient
PATTERNS OF MISUSE
➢ They are used as “drugs of fear” to cover for potential errors of omission or commission & thereby prevent a claim of negligence.
PERIOD OF EMPIRICAL USE • Use of mouldy curd by chinese on boils •Chaulmoogra oil by hindus in leprosy •Chenopodium by aztecs for intestinal worms •Mercury by paracelsus for syphilis •Cinchona bark for fevers
•NON-EFFECTIVE CONDITIONS IN DENTISTRY
•NEWER ANTI-MICROBIAL APPROACHES
•MACROLIDES
•ANTIBIOMA
•MISCELLANEOUS ANTIBIOTICS
•ANTI FUNGALS &ANTI VIRAL DRUGS
*Administration instead of mechanical therapy for periodontitis.
✓ Unwanted effects ✓ Precautions ✓ Contraindications ✓ Patient’s point if view ✓ Patient
PATTERNS OF MISUSE
➢ They are used as “drugs of fear” to cover for potential errors of omission or commission & thereby prevent a claim of negligence.
PERIOD OF EMPIRICAL USE • Use of mouldy curd by chinese on boils •Chaulmoogra oil by hindus in leprosy •Chenopodium by aztecs for intestinal worms •Mercury by paracelsus for syphilis •Cinchona bark for fevers
•NON-EFFECTIVE CONDITIONS IN DENTISTRY
•NEWER ANTI-MICROBIAL APPROACHES
•MACROLIDES
•ANTIBIOMA
•MISCELLANEOUS ANTIBIOTICS
•ANTI FUNGALS &ANTI VIRAL DRUGS
药理学-AntibioticsEnglishPPT课件
Penicillin
Obehandlade
Dagar
22
“It is not difficult to make microbes resistant to penicillin… “
“The time may come when penicillin can be bought by anyone in the shops “
1. Sulphonamides & Trimethoprim (TMP) PABA false structure
Inhibition of Dihydrofolate reductase Dihydrofolate tetrahydrofolate
2020年10月2日
7
2020年10月2日
8
• Deletion of target molecules
• Change in cell permeability
• Change in target molecule affinity
• Speed-up of synthesis and metabolism
• Others
2020年10月2日
13
2020年10月2日
14
2020年10月2日
15
2020年10月2日
16
Problem of antibiotics which inhibit
protein synthesis
2020年10月2日
17
2020年10月2日
18
Antibiotics: From isolation of strain to clinical application
Anti-bacteria Medicine
Obehandlade
Dagar
22
“It is not difficult to make microbes resistant to penicillin… “
“The time may come when penicillin can be bought by anyone in the shops “
1. Sulphonamides & Trimethoprim (TMP) PABA false structure
Inhibition of Dihydrofolate reductase Dihydrofolate tetrahydrofolate
2020年10月2日
7
2020年10月2日
8
• Deletion of target molecules
• Change in cell permeability
• Change in target molecule affinity
• Speed-up of synthesis and metabolism
• Others
2020年10月2日
13
2020年10月2日
14
2020年10月2日
15
2020年10月2日
16
Problem of antibiotics which inhibit
protein synthesis
2020年10月2日
17
2020年10月2日
18
Antibiotics: From isolation of strain to clinical application
Anti-bacteria Medicine
抗生素PPT课件(英文精品) Proper Use of Antibiotics
Points to note when taking antibiotics (1)
➢ Follow your doctor’s instruction.
➢ Take the drugs on the right time at the right dose.
➢ If you miss one dose, take it as soon as you remember but never take a double dose.
Always consult your doctor for the use of antibiotics.
FAQ If I have fever, do I always need an antibiotic?
Fever is a common symptom for infections and not necessarily caused by bacterial infection.
抗生素PPT课件（英文精品） Proper Use of Antibiotics
Antibiotics
Antibiotics ≠ Anti-inflammatory drugs
Antibiotics ≠Panacea
Are there any risks for the use of antibiotics?
diarrhoea
Side effects of Antibiotics (2)
Allergic reaction - rash - itchiness - breathlessness
Antibiotic resistant bacteria
Predispose to the emergences of antibiotics resistant bacteria.
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Uneconomic state of cell metabolism Slow-down of proliferation deletion of some pathogenic abilities Avoiding harms from drugs
Antibiotic sensitivity test
% överlevare
Patients with pneumonia and bacteria in blood
Penicillin
Obehandlade
Dagar
“It is not difficult to make microbes resistant to penicillin… “
“The time may come when penicillin can be bought by anyone in the shops “
Problem of antibiotics which inhibit
protein synthesis
Antibiotics: From isolation of strain to clinical application
Selection of a potential product
Horisontal spread of resistance genes
Spread of resistance between species
Barrier to the development of new antibiotics
Short marketing life of the product because of resistance
1、efficacy 2、metabolic characterization 3、toxicity and adverse effect 4、Potentiality of industrial production
Antibiotics: from strain isolation to clinical application
Difficult R&D 1、qualified strain 2、resources to support R&D 3、long term research and translation
Adverse reactions Expense for health care
The outcome of resistance development (From the view point of bacteria cells)
Antibiotics and drugs targeting nucleic acid biosynthesis and functions
Antibiotics and drugs targeting nucleic acid biosynthesis and functions
1. Sulphonamides & Trimethoprim (TMP) PABA false structure
production
Modern Medicine Is Not Possible Without Effective Antibiotics
Hip replacement Organ transplants Cancer chemotherapy
Care of preterm babies
The survival of the fittest
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test
How to explain the results? How to avoid misleading of clinicians? How to standardize the test?
Reading and evaluation of sensitivity test
Semi-synthesis: the most popular approach of production
Marketing potentiality Life-span of marketing and its
impact
Penicillin increased the chance of survival from 10% to 90%
Nalidixic acid Ofloxacin omerase II- Gyrase
Antibiotics and drugs targeting nucleic acid biosynthesis and functions
3. Rifampicin (from rifamycin) subunit of DNA-primed RNA polymease
Antibiotics and drugs targeting nucleic acid biosynthesis and functions
! Rifampicin must be given by a “cocktail” of drugs.
MIC & MBC
Broth dilution Agar dilution Disk diffusion Standard requirements
Antibiotic sensitivity test
Standard requirements: a. Depth: 4mm b. Inoculates: 105 cell/ml c. Incubation: 37℃, 18 hours
1、Physical and chemical profile of the medicine
2、Metabolic process 3、Identification of sensitivity &
resistance 4、Q.C. 5、Who is responsible for those work?
Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics
Enzymes secreted (exo-enzyme) Enzymes not secreted (endo-enzymes) Deletion of target molecules Change in cell permeability Change in target molecule affinity Speed-up of synthesis and metabolism Others
Inhibition of Dihydrofolate reductase Dihydrofolate tetrahydrofolate
Antibiotics and drugs targeting nucleic acid biosynthesis and functions
2. Quinolones
Mechanism of resistance
Selection pressure ( not only in health institutions)
Genetic recombination ( especially conjugation mediated by plasmid)
Improper prescription of antibiotics
Anti-bacteria medicine: Chemically synthesized medicine which can selectively kill or inhibit bacteria growth
Antibacteria medicine
Sulfonamide Quilonones others
Anti-bacteria Medicine
Anti-bacteria medicine
Antibiotics: The substance derived from fungi and bacteria which can selectively kill or inhibit bacteria growth
Antibiotic prescription for non-bacterial infection
Prophylaxis application of antibiotics Local application of antibiotics Over use of wide-spectrum antibiotics Long-term use of antibiotics Antibiotic abuse in agriculture
Alexander Fleming's Nobel Lecture, 1945
The Global Challenge
Antibiotics have saved millions of lives Antibiotics are rapidly losing their effect
What is Antibiotic Resistance?
Antibiotic sensitivity test
% överlevare
Patients with pneumonia and bacteria in blood
Penicillin
Obehandlade
Dagar
“It is not difficult to make microbes resistant to penicillin… “
“The time may come when penicillin can be bought by anyone in the shops “
Problem of antibiotics which inhibit
protein synthesis
Antibiotics: From isolation of strain to clinical application
Selection of a potential product
Horisontal spread of resistance genes
Spread of resistance between species
Barrier to the development of new antibiotics
Short marketing life of the product because of resistance
1、efficacy 2、metabolic characterization 3、toxicity and adverse effect 4、Potentiality of industrial production
Antibiotics: from strain isolation to clinical application
Difficult R&D 1、qualified strain 2、resources to support R&D 3、long term research and translation
Adverse reactions Expense for health care
The outcome of resistance development (From the view point of bacteria cells)
Antibiotics and drugs targeting nucleic acid biosynthesis and functions
Antibiotics and drugs targeting nucleic acid biosynthesis and functions
1. Sulphonamides & Trimethoprim (TMP) PABA false structure
production
Modern Medicine Is Not Possible Without Effective Antibiotics
Hip replacement Organ transplants Cancer chemotherapy
Care of preterm babies
The survival of the fittest
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test
How to explain the results? How to avoid misleading of clinicians? How to standardize the test?
Reading and evaluation of sensitivity test
Semi-synthesis: the most popular approach of production
Marketing potentiality Life-span of marketing and its
impact
Penicillin increased the chance of survival from 10% to 90%
Nalidixic acid Ofloxacin omerase II- Gyrase
Antibiotics and drugs targeting nucleic acid biosynthesis and functions
3. Rifampicin (from rifamycin) subunit of DNA-primed RNA polymease
Antibiotics and drugs targeting nucleic acid biosynthesis and functions
! Rifampicin must be given by a “cocktail” of drugs.
MIC & MBC
Broth dilution Agar dilution Disk diffusion Standard requirements
Antibiotic sensitivity test
Standard requirements: a. Depth: 4mm b. Inoculates: 105 cell/ml c. Incubation: 37℃, 18 hours
1、Physical and chemical profile of the medicine
2、Metabolic process 3、Identification of sensitivity &
resistance 4、Q.C. 5、Who is responsible for those work?
Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics
Enzymes secreted (exo-enzyme) Enzymes not secreted (endo-enzymes) Deletion of target molecules Change in cell permeability Change in target molecule affinity Speed-up of synthesis and metabolism Others
Inhibition of Dihydrofolate reductase Dihydrofolate tetrahydrofolate
Antibiotics and drugs targeting nucleic acid biosynthesis and functions
2. Quinolones
Mechanism of resistance
Selection pressure ( not only in health institutions)
Genetic recombination ( especially conjugation mediated by plasmid)
Improper prescription of antibiotics
Anti-bacteria medicine: Chemically synthesized medicine which can selectively kill or inhibit bacteria growth
Antibacteria medicine
Sulfonamide Quilonones others
Anti-bacteria Medicine
Anti-bacteria medicine
Antibiotics: The substance derived from fungi and bacteria which can selectively kill or inhibit bacteria growth
Antibiotic prescription for non-bacterial infection
Prophylaxis application of antibiotics Local application of antibiotics Over use of wide-spectrum antibiotics Long-term use of antibiotics Antibiotic abuse in agriculture
Alexander Fleming's Nobel Lecture, 1945
The Global Challenge
Antibiotics have saved millions of lives Antibiotics are rapidly losing their effect
What is Antibiotic Resistance?