Unit2.Great minds必背材料

Unit2.Great minds必背复习材料
一．词性变化
1. astronomer----astronomy n.天文学
2.sense----sensitive adj.敏感的，灵敏的
3.humour----humourous adj.幽默的
4.invitation----invite v.邀请
5.pleasure----pleased adj.高兴的，满意的pleasant adj.令人愉快的
6.applause----applaud v.鼓掌
7.achievement----achieve v.达到，实现
8.universe----universal adj.宇宙的，普通的9.exactly----exact adj.精确的
10.philosopher----philosophy n.哲学11.action----act v.行动，扮演，充当二．近义词、释义
1. pleasure----happy thing
2.avoid----keep away from /prevent /try not to do sth
3. trust----believe in
4.by heart----remember every word in mind
5. let…down----make… disappointed /disappoint…
6. without difficulty----easily /have no problem/trouble
7.join in----take part in
8. take a seat----sit down 9. have no idea----do not know
10.be in trouble---- have problems or difficulties
11. play a joke on sb.---- make fun of sb. 12. guide sb to----show sb the way to...
13.lose heart----stop hoping for sth. or trying to do sth. 14.genius--- a great mind
15.sense of humour----an ability to make people laugh
三．重点短语、固定搭配
1. consider sb. (as/to be)…认为某人是….
Eg: They consider Jim (as/to be) the cleverest boy in the class.
2.on one’ way to…. 去…的路上
Eg: On my way home, I found a wallet lying on the ground.
3.let…down让……失望
Eg: I don’t want to let my parents down.
= I don’t want to make my parents disappointed.
4. so…that…如此…以致…eg: It is so difficult a question that no one can
answer it.
such…that…如此…以致…eg: It is such a difficult question that no one
can answer it.
5.offer to do sth 主动做某事
Eg: He often offers to help others.
6.leave a message留言take a message for sb 为某人捎口信
7.be out =be not in 不在此地
８.return one’s call回电话answer a call接电话
9.at the moment=now 现在
10.side by side 肩并肩
11.from time to time不时地
四．动词不定式(Infinitives)
一．结构：to do (sth)。

二．用法：
1. 作定语。

不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词之后,不定式中的动词如果是不及物动词则需加介词。

Eg: Ｉ’ve got an ability to be a great inventor.
Could you give me something to eat?
I need some paper to write on.
2.作主语
动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：
(1)把不定式置于句首。

如：
Eg: To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式
中。

①It is+adj.+to do sth.
Eg: It is easy to learn English.
=To learn English is easy.
②It is+adj.+for sb.to do sth.
Eg: It is important to protect the earth.
③It is+adj.+of sb.to do sth.
=sb is +adj.+to do sth.
Eg: It is kind of you to help me.
= You are kind to help me.
④It takes sb. sometime to do sth.
Eg: It usually takes me an hour to finish my homework everyday.
3. 作表语
不定式作表语一般用于补充说明主语的具体内容表表示目的、打算等。

Eg: My dream is to be a scientist.
(补充部分)4. 作宾语，即“动词+不定式（to do）”
后接动词不定式作宾语的常用动词有
afford （付得起），agree（同意），attempt （试图），decide（决定），
expect（期待），fail（未履行），hesitate（犹豫），hope（希望），learn（学会），manage（设法），offer（主动提出），plan（计划），prepare（准备），pretend（假装），promise（答应），prove（证明），refuse（拒绝），seem（觉得好像），volunteer （自愿做），want（想要），wish（希望）
eg: I want to see a film this weekend.
5. 作宾语补足语，即“动词+sb.+不定式（to do）”,后接动词不定式作宾补的常用动词有advise, allow, ask, want, command, drive, encourage, expect, force, help, invite, need, persuade, prefer, remind, teach, tell, wish。

Eg: We shouldn’t allow teenagers to smoke.
6. 作状语
动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性，可在句中作状语。

（1）作目的状语。

如：He stopped to have a rest.
（2）作结果状语。

如：He woke up to find everybody gone.
（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。

如：I’m sor ry to hear your grandma is ill.
7.疑问词+不定式（to do）, 常作wonder, ask, consider, decide, discuss, explain, forget, know, learn, remember, show, teach, tell等动词宾语，可以跟宾语从句互换。

Eg: I don’t know what to do. = I don’t know what I can do.。