《国际经济学》教学大纲

《国际经济学》教学大纲二、课程的对象和性质课程对象：本课程适用于全日制金融专业本科生，拟于大二第二学期授课。

课程性质：本课程属于专业必修课。

三、课程的教学目的和要求Teaching purpose：grasping the theory and practice of international trade can give us a global perspective to the whole economy. The course’s basic goal is to make students set up the consciousness of international economical activity, grasp the basic concept of worldwide business. Teaching requirement：This course trains thinking method of student and uses ability to focus on, adopting classroom teach, case discussion, role act, classroom lecture the teaching method combined together. And it encourages student's classroom to make a speech, participate indiscussing actively.1.The quantity of the case: more than 10 logic cases, 4 comprehensive cases. Demand toupgrade a comprehensive case every academic year.2. Multimedia teaching: PPT courseware demand and this syllabus content are totallymatched.四、理论教学内容与基本要求（含学时分配）C h a p t e r1I n t r o d u c t i o n (1 period)1、Chapter OrganizationIntroductionWhat is International Economics About?International Economics: Trade and Money2、This Chapter presents data demonstrating the growth in trade and increasing importance of international economics. This chapter also highlights and briefly discusses seven themes which arise throughout the book. These themes include: 1) the gains from trade; 2) the pattern of trade; 3) protectionism; 4), the balance of payments; 5) exchange rate determination; 6) international policy coordination; and 7) the international capital market. Students will recognize that many of the central policy debates occurring today come under the rubric of one of these themes. Indeed, it is often a fruitful heuristic to use current events to illustrate the force of the key themes and arguments which are presented throughout the text.C h a p t e r2L a b o r P r o d u c t i v i t y a n d C o m p a r a t i v e A d v a n t a g e:T h e R i c a r d i a n M o d e l（3 periods）1、Chapter OrganizationThe Concept of Comparative AdvantageA One-Factor EconomyProduction PossibilitiesRelative Prices and SupplyTrade in a One-Factor WorldBox: Comparative Advantage in Practice: The Case of Babe RuthDetermining the Relative Price After TradeThe Gains from TradeA Numerical ExampleBox: The Losses from Non-TradeRelative WagesMisconceptions About Comparative AdvantageProductivity and CompetitivenessThe Pauper Labor ArgumentExploitationBox: Do Wages Reflect Productivity?Comparative Advantage with Many GoodsSetting Up the ModelRelative Wages and SpecializationDetermining the Relative Wage with a Multigood Model2、This chapter introduces to international trade theory through the Ricardian model of trade. Thismodel shows how trade arises when there are two countries, each with one factor of production which can be applied toward production each of two goods. Key concepts are introduced, such as the production possibility frontier, comparative advantage versus absolute advantage, gain from trade, relative prices, and relative wages across countries. The Ricardian model is a useful starting point for developing intuition about why countries gain from trading with each other. By using even as simple a framework as the Ricardian model, one can begin to debunk some common misconceptions concerning comparative advantage.C h a p t e r3S p e c i f i c F a c t o r s a n d I n c o m eD i s t r i b u t i o n（3p e r i o d s）1、Chapter OrganizationThe Specific Factors ModelAssumptions of the ModelBox: What is a Specific Factor?Production PossibilitiesPrices, Wages, and Labor AllocationRelative Prices and the Distribution of IncomeInternational Trade in the Specific Factors ModelResources and Relative SupplyTrade and Relative PricesThe Pattern of TradeIncome Distribution and the Gains From TradeThe Political Economy of Trade: A Preliminary ViewOptimal Trade PolicyBox: Specific Factors and the Beginnings of Trade TheoryIncome Distribution and Trade Politics2、This chapter builds upon the insights from Chapter 2 by developing trade models which allow countries to produce goods when production requires more than one factor of production. One important reason for this addition to the model is that this more general framework highlights the effects of trade on income distribution. The first model presented includes factors of production, which are specific to the production of each of two goods. Then, a more general model is introduced, with this latter model allowing for both mobile and specific factors of production. This extension provides an even richer analysis of the incomedistribution effects of trade. These models set the stage for an initial discussion of the political economy of trade and for justifying economist’s support of the principles of free trade among nations.C h a p t e r4R e s o u r c e s a n d T r a d e:T h e H e c k s c h e r-O h l i n M o d e l(4periods)1、Chapter OrganizationA Model of a Two-Factor EconomyAssumptions of the ModelFactor Prices and Goods PricesResources and OutputEffects of International Trade Between Two-Factor EconomiesRelative Prices and the Pattern of TradeTrade and the Distribution of IncomeFactor Price EqualizationCase Study: North-South Trade and Income InequalityEmpirical Evidence on the Heckscher-Ohlin ModelTesting the Heckscher-Ohlin ModelImplications of the Tests2、This chapter introduces the classic Heckscher-Ohlin model of trade. The chapter proceeds byfirst presenting a general equilibrium model of an economy with two goods produced by two factors under the assumption of fixed coefficient production functions. Many of the important results of international trade theory are developed. These include: the Rybczynski Theorem, the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem, and the Factor Price Equalization Theorem. Implications of the Heckscher-Ohlin model for the pattern of trade among countries are discussed, as are the failures of empirical evidence to confirm the predictions of the theory.C h a p t e r5T h e S t a n d a r d T r a d e M o d e l(4 periods)1、Chapter OrganizationA Standard Model of a Trading EconomyProduction Possibilities and Relative SupplyRelative Prices and DemandThe Welfare Effect of Changes in the Terms of TradeDetermining Relative PricesEconomic Growth: A Shift of the RS CurveGrowth and the Production Possibility FrontierRelative Supply and the Terms of TradeInternational Effects of GrowthCase Study: Has the Growth of Newly Industrializing Countries Hurt Advanced Nations? International Transfers of Income: Shifting the RD CurveThe Transfer ProblemEffects of a Transfer on the Terms of TradePresumptions about the Terms of Trade Effects of TransfersCase Study: The Transfer Problem and the Asian CrisisTariffs and Export Subsidies: Simultaneous Shifts in RS and RDRelative Demand and Supply Effects of a TariffEffects of an Export SubsidyImplications of Terms of Trade Effects: Who Gains and Who Loses?2、This chapter presents a general model of international trade which admits the models of the previous chapters as special cases. This "standard trade model" is depicted graphically by a general equilibrium trade model as applied to a small open economy. Relative demand and relative supply curves are used to analyze a variety of policy issues, such as the effects of economic growth, the transfer problem, and the effects of trade tariffs and production subsidies. The appendix to the chapter develops offer curve analysis.While an extremely useful tool, the standard model of trade fails to account for some important aspects of international trade. Specifically, while the factor proportions Heckscher-Ohlin theories explain some trade flows between countries, recent research in international economics has placed an increasing emphasis on economies of scale in production and imperfect competition among firms.C h a p t e r6E c o n o m i e s o f S c a l e,I m p e r f e c t C o m p e t i t i o n,a n d I n t e r n a t i o n a l T r a d e(6 periods)1、Chapter OrganizationEconomies of Scale and International Trade: An OverviewEconomies of Scale and Market StructureThe Theory of Imperfect CompetitionMonopoly: A Brief ReviewMonopolistic CompetitionLimitations of the Monopolistic Competition ModelMonopolistic Competition and TradeThe Effects of Increased Market SizeGains from an Integrated Market: A Numerical ExampleEconomies of Scale and Comparative AdvantageThe Significance of Intraindustry TradeWhy Intraindustry Trade MattersDumpingThe Economics of DumpingReciprocal DumpingThe Theory of External EconomiesSpecialized SuppliersLabor Market PoolingKnowledge SpilloversExternal Economies and Increasing ReturnsExternal Economies and International TradeExternal Economies and the Pattern of TradeTrade and Welfare with External EconomiesBox: Tinseltown EconomicsDynamic Increasing Returns2、Chapter 6 presents models of international trade that reflect these developments. The chapter begins by reviewing the concept of monopolistic competition among firms, and then showing the gains from trade which arise in such imperfectly competitive markets. Next, internal and external economies of scale in production and comparative advantage are discussed. The chapter continues with a discussion of the importance of intra-industry trade, dumping, and external economies of production. The subject matter of this chapter is important since it shows how gains from trade arise in ways that are not suggested by the standard, more traditional models of international trade. The subject matter also is enlightening given the increased emphasis on intra-industry trade in industrialized countries.C h a p t e r7I n t e r n a t i o n a l F a c t o r M o v e m e n t s(4 periods)1、Chapter OrganizationInternational Labor MobilityA One-Good Model without Factor MobilityInternational Labor MovementExtending the AnalysisInternational Borrowing and LendingIntertemporal Production Possibilities and TradeThe Real Interest RateIntertemporal Comparative AdvantageDirect Foreign Investment and Multinational FirmsThe Theory of Multinational EnterpriseThe Theory of Direct Foreign InvestmentMultinational Firms in Practice2、Chapter 7 focuses on international factor mobility. This departs from previous chapters which assumed that the factors of production available for production within a country could not leave a country's borders. Reasons for and the effects of international factor mobility are discussed in the context of a one-factor (labor) production and trade model. The analysis of the international mobility of labor motivates a further discussion of international mobility of capital. The international mobility of capital takes the form of international borrowing and lending. This facilitates the discussion of inter-temporal production choices and foreign direct investment behavior. This chapter also introduces some theories of direct foreign investment.C h a p t e r8T h e I n s t r u m e n t s o f T r a d e P o l i c y(6 periods)1、Chapter OrganizationBasic Tariff AnalysisSupply, Demand, and Trade in a Single IndustryEffects of a TariffMeasuring the Amount of ProtectionCosts and Benefits of a TariffConsumer and Producer SurplusMeasuring the Costs and BenefitsOther Instruments of Trade PolicyExport Subsidies: TheoryCase Study: Europe's Common Agricultural PolicyImport Quotas: TheoryCase Study: An Import Quota in Practice: U.S. SugarV oluntary Export RestraintsCase Study: A V oluntary Export Restraint in Practice: Japanese AutosLocal Content RequirementsBox: American Buses, Made in HungaryOther Trade Policy InstrumentsThe Effects of Trade Policy: A Summary2、Chapter 8 discusses various instruments of trade policy including tariffs, quotas, voluntary export restraints, and local content requirements. The effects of these policies on prices and trade volumes are determined in the context of a partial equilibrium framework. The chapter reviews the analytical tools of consumer and producer surplus, and uses these tools to consider the welfare effects of various protectionist measures. The specific incidents of trade restrictions presented as case studies include import quotas on sugar entering United States markets, voluntary export restraints on Japanese autos, and oil import quotas.C h a p t e r9T h e P o l i t i c a l E c o n o m y o f T r a d e P o l i c y(3 periods)1、Chapter OrganizationThe Case for Free TradeFree Trade and EfficiencyAdditional Gains from Free TradePolitical Arguments for Free TradeNational Welfare Arguments against Free TradeCase Study: The Gain from “1992”The Terms of Trade Argument for a TariffThe Domestic Market Failure Argument against Free TradeHow Convincing is the Market Failure Argument?Box: Market Failures Cut Both Ways: The Case of CaliforniaIncome Distribution and Trade PolicyElectoral CompetitionCollective ActionModeling the Political ProcessWho Gets Protected?Box: Politicians for Sale: Evidence from the 1990sInternational Negotiations and Trade PolicyThe Advantages of NegotiationInternational Trading Agreements: A Brief HistoryThe Uruguay RoundTrade LiberalizationFrom the GA TT to the WTOBox: Settling a Dispute, and Creating OneBenefits and CostsPreferential Trading AgreementsBox: Free Trade Versus Customs UnionsBox: Do Trade Preferences Have Appeal?Case Study: Trade Diversion in South AmericaTrade Policy in Developing CountriesImport-Substituting IndustrializationThe Infant Industry ArgumentProblems of the Dual EconomyExport-Oriented Industrialization: The East Asian MiracleStrategic Trade Policy in Developed CountriesSophisticated Arguments for Activist Trade PolicyGlobalization and Low-Wage Labor2、Chapter 9 presents the set of ideas known as the political economy of trade theory. These ideas enable you to understand why certain trade restrictions exist, despite the force of general economic arguments which suggest that they reduce aggregate welfare. Possible motivations for trade restrictions are identified as those which increase national welfare, such as the optimum tariff, and those which foster either income redistribution or the preservation of status quo. While sometimes politically popular, these motivations for trade restrictions ignore the possibility of retaliation and usually fail tests based upon basic welfare analysis. Trade agreements of the 1990s are discussed, including the Uruguay Round, and distinctions are made between Free Trade Areas and Customs Unions as well as between trade creation and trade diversion.This chapter also introduces the use of trade policy in developing countries and developed countries. It discusses both the successful and unsuccessful trade policy strategies which have been applied by developing countries in attempts to address these concerns. The text has shown why, in general, free trade is a good policy; this chapter considers two controversies in trade policy that challenge free trade. The first regards strategic trade policy. The second controversy regards the recent debate over the effects of globalization on workers, the environment, and sovereignty. While the anti-globalization arguments often lack sound structure, their visceral nature demonstrates that the spread of trade is extremely troubling to some groups.。