ASTMSTAINLESSSTEEL STANDARD

STAINLESSSTEELSTAINLESS STEEL PRODUCERS SPECIALTY STEEL INDUSTRY OF NORTH AMERICAAK Steel Corporation9227Centre Pointe DriveWest Chester,Ohio45069(800)331-5050ATI Allegheny Ludlum Corporation 1000Six PPG PlacePittsburgh,PA15222-5479(412)394-2800Allvac2020Ashcraft AvenueP.O.Box5030Monroe,NC28111(704)289-4511or(800)841-5491Carpenter Technology Corporation P.O.Box14662Reading,PA19612-4662(610)208-2000Crucible Specialty MetalsP.O.Box977575State Fair BoulevardSyracuse,NY13201(800)365-1180Electralloy,a G.O.CARLSON Inc.Co. 175Main StreetOil City,PA16301(814)678-4100(800)458-7273Haynes International,Inc.1020W Park AvenueP.O.Box9013Kokomo,IN46904(765)456-6000(800)354-0806Latrobe Specialty Steel Company P.O.Box31Latrobe,PA15650Mexinox S.A.de C.V.Av.Industrias4100Zona Industrial C.P.78395San Luis Potosi,S.L.P.,Mexico011-52-48-24-0640North American Stainless6870Highway42EastGhent,KY41045(800)449-7833(502)347-6000Outokumpu Stainless,Inc.425N.Martingale Road,Suite2000 Schaumburg,IL60173-2218Tel:(800)833-8703Fax:(847)517-2950ThyssenKrupp VDM USA,Inc.306Columbia TurnpikeFlorham Park,NJ07932(973)236-1664Talley Metals Technology,Inc.P.O.Box2498Hartsville,SC29551(843)335-7540Universal Stainless&Alloy Products, Inc.600Mayer StreetBridgeville,PA15017(412)257-7600Valbruna Slater Stainless,Inc.A subsidiary of Vabruna Italy2400Taylor Street WestFort Wayne,IN46801Tel:(260)434-2800Fax:(260)434-2801Table of Contents Introduction (1)Acknowledgment (1)General Information (1)Stainless Steel Standards...................2,3 Specifications.................................2,3 Practices.. (3)Test Methods (3)Hardness Conversion Tables (3)Specifications by Mill Shape..............4,5 Bar (4)Castings (4)Forgings (4)Pipe (4)Plate,Sheet and Strip (4)Tube..............................................4,5 Wire and Wire Rod.. (5)Specifications by Product (5)Architectural Applications (5)Bearings (5)Bolts and Nuts (5)Fasteners (3)Fittings,Flanges&Valves (5)Floor Plate (5)Industrial Wire Cloth,Screens andPerforated Plate (5)Needle Tubing (5)Nuclear Applications (5)Sanitary Tubing (5)Surgical Implant Materials (5)Selected Stainless Steel Typesand Applicable Specifications.....6-9The Specialty Steel Industry of North America(SSINA)and the individual com-panies it represents have made every effort to ensure that the information pre-sented in this handbook is technically correct.However,neither the SSINA nor its member companies warrants the accuracy of the information contained in this handbook or its suitability for any general and specific use.The SSINA assumes no liability or responsibility of any kind in connection with the use of this information.The reader is advised that the material contained herein should not be used or relied on for any specific or general applications without first securing competent advice.4/081INTRODUCTIONThis designer handbook has been written to provide the designer,engineer,specification writer,producer and user of STAINLESS STEEL with a listing of all the current ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)standards.These standards are listed by mill shape (BAR,SHEET,WIRE,etc.)and by product (bolts,fittings).Stainless types are also listed,along with a selection of applicable society and military specifications.ACKNOWLEDGMENTAn original version was initially published by the Committee of Stainless Steel Producers,American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI),Washington,D.C.,and was used,with thanks,as a basis for this updated handbook.The 2001Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Sections 1and 13were used as the reference base for listed ASTM specifications.GENERAL INFORMATIONStainless steel is not a single alloy,but rather the name applies to a group of iron based alloys containing a minimum of 10.5%chromium.Other elements are added and the chromium content is increased to improve corrosion resistance and/or enhance mechanical properties.There are over 50stainless steel types originally recognized by the AISI and are detailed in a designer handbook,“Design Guidelines for the Selection and Use of Stainless Steel,”available from the Specialty Steel Industry of North America (SSINA).The assumption is made that the reader is well aware of the various types of stainless steels including the five metallurgical classifications (austenitic,ferritic,martensitic,austenitic/ferritic-or-duplex,andprecipitation hardening).Where possible,these five classifications are generally shown with austenitic first.In some cases the ASTMreference is to the content rather than the classification.In those cases the basic content is listed (i.e.,iron-chromium-nickel).Specifications by type are listed by the types generally in use and do not cover all the stainless steel types that areavailable.ASTM STAINLESS STEEL STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONSA167.................Plate,sheet and strip,chromium-nickelA176.................Plate,sheet and strip,chromiumA182.................Forged flanges,fittings and valvesA193.................BoltsA194.................NutsA213.................Seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy boiler,superheater and heat exchanger tubesA217.................Castings,martensitic stainless and alloyA240.................Plate,sheet and strip for pressure vesselsA249.................Tubes,welded boiler,superheater,heat-exchanger and condenser,austeniticA263.................Clad plate,sheet and strip,chromiumA264.................Clad plate,sheet and strip,chromium-nickelA268.................Tubing,seamless and welded,ferriticA269.................Tubing,seamless and welded,austeniticA270.................Sanitary tubing,austeniticA276.................Bars and shapesA297.................Castings,iron-chromium,iron-chromium-nickel,heat resistant,for general applicationA312.................Pipe,austeniticA313.................Spring wire,chromium-nickelA314.................Bars and billets for forgingA320.................Bolting for low temperature serviceA336.................Forgings for pressure and high temperature parts A351.................Castings for pressure-containing parts,austenitic,austenitic-ferritic(duplex)A352.................Castings for pressure-containing parts suitable forlow temperature service,ferritic and martensiticA356.................Heavy-walled castings for steam turbinesA358.................Electric fusion welded pipe,austeniticA368.................Wire strandA376.................Pipe for high-temperature central station service,austeniticA403.................Pipe fittingsA409.................Welded large diameter pipe,austeniticA426.................Centrifugally-cast pipe,ferriticA430.................Forged and bored pipe,austeniticA437.................Alloy steel turbine-type bolting material speciallyheat treated for high temperature serviceA447.................Castings for high temperature service,chromium-nickel-ironA450.................General requirements for tubes,austenitic andferriticA451.................Centrifugally cast austenitic steel pipe for hightemperature serviceA453.................Bolting materials,high temperature,50to120ksiyield strength with expansion coefficientscomparable to austenitic steelsA473.................ForgingsA478.................Weaving wire,chromium-nickelA479.................Bars and shapes for use in boilers and otherpressure vesselsA480.................General requirements for plate,sheet and stripA484.................General requirements for bars,billets and forgings A487.................Castings suitable for pressure service,martensitic A492.................Rope wireA493.................Cold heading and cold forging bar and wireA498.................Seamless and welded carbon,ferritic andaustenitic alloy heat exchanger tubes withintegral finsA511.................Seamless mechanical tubingA530.................Specialized carbon and alloy steel pipe,generalrequirementsA554.................Welded mechanical tubingA555.................General requirements for wire and wire rodsA564.................Bars and shapes,hot-rolled and cold-finished,age hardening A565.................Bars,forgings and forging stock for hightemperature service,martensiticA579.................Superstrength alloy forgingsA580.................WireA581.................Wire,free-machiningA582.................Bars,hot-rolled or cold-finished,free-machining A608.................Centrifugally cast iron-chromium-nickel high alloy tubing for pressure application at hightemperaturesA632.................Seamless and welded tubing,small diameter,forgeneral service,austeniticA638.................Iron-base superalloy bars,forgings and forgingstock for high temperature service,precipitationhardeningA666..................Sheet,strip,plate and flat bar,for structural andarchitectural applications,austeniticA688.................Welded feedwater heater tubes,austeniticA693.................Plate,sheet and strip,precipitation hardeningA705.................Forgings,age hardeningA733.................Welded and seamless carbon steel andaustenitic stainless steel pipe nipplesA743.................Castings,iron-chromium,iron-chromium-nickeland nickel-base,corrosion resistant,for generalserviceA744.................Castings,Iron-chromium-nickel,for severe service A747.................Castings,precipitation hardeningA756.................Anti-friction bearing steelA757.................Castings,ferritic and martensitic for pressure-containing and other applications for lowtemperature serviceA771.................Tubing for breeder reactor core components,austeniticA774.................As-welded fittings for general corrosive serviceat low and moderate temperatures,austeniticA778.................Welded tubular products,unannealed austenitic A781.................Castings,common requirements for generalindustrial useA789.................Seamless and welded tubing for general service, ferritic/austeniticA790.................Seamless and welded pipe,ferritic/austeniticA791.................Welded tubing,unannealed ferriticA793.................Rolled floor plate,austeniticA803.................Welded feedwater heater tubes,ferriticA813.................Single-or double-welded pipe,austeniticA814.................Cold-worked welded pipe,austeniticA815.................Pipe fittings,ferritic,ferritic/austenitic andmartensiticA826.................Duct tubes for breeder reactor core components, austenitic and ferriticA831.................Bars,billets and forgings for use in corecomponentsA851.................High-frequency,induction-welded condensertubes,austeniticA872.................Centrifugally cast pipe for corrosiveenvironments,ferritic/austeniticA887.................Borated stainless steel plate,sheet and strip fornuclear applicationsA890.................Castings,iron-chromium-nickel-molybdenum,forgeneral application,duplex(austenitic/ferritic)A891.................Iron-base superalloy forgings for turbine rotordisks and wheels,precipitation hardeningA895.................Plate,sheet and strip,free machiningA908.................Needle tubingA928.................Pipe,electric fusion welded with addition of fillermetal,ferritic/austenitic(duplex)A943.................Spray-formed seamless pipes,austeniticA946.................Plate,sheet and strip,chromium-nickel-siliconalloyA947M..............Textured sheetA949.................Spray-formed seamless pipe,ferritic/austeniticA953.................Seamless and welded tubing,austeniticchromium-nickel-silicon alloy2A954.................Seamless and welded pipe,austeniticchromium-nickel-silicon alloyA955.................Deformed and plain bars for concretereinforcementA957.................Investment castings,steel and alloy,commonrequirements for general industrial useA959.................Guide for specifying harmonized standard grade compositions for wrought stainless steelsmon requirements for wrought steel pipefittingsA968.................Bars and shapes,chromium-nickel-silicon alloy A965.................Forgings for pressure and high temperaturepartsA988.................Hot isostatically-pressed flanges,fittings,valvesand partsA995.................Castings for pressure-containiing parts,austenitic-ferritic(duplex)A999.................General requirements for alloy and stainless pipe A1010...............Higher strength plate,sheet and strip,martensitic A1012...............Seamless and welded ferritic,austenitic andduplex alloy steel condenser and heatexchanger tubes with integral finsA1016...............General requirements for alloy and stainless tubes A1021...............Martensitic stainless steel forgings for hightemperature serviceA1022...............Stainless steel wire for concrete reinforcementA1028...............Stainless steel bars for compressor and turbineairfoilsA1049...............Stainless steel forgings,ferritic/austenitic(duplex)for pressure vesselsA1053...............Welded ferritic-martensitic(dual phase)pipeC795.................Thermal insulation for use in contact withaustenitic stainless steelE454.................Industrial perforated plate and screens(squareopening series)E674.................Industrial perforated plate and screens(roundopening series)F138..................Surgical implants,bar and wire,special quality F139..................Surgical implants,sheet and strip,special quality F593..................Bolts,hex cap screws and studsF594..................NutsF621..................Forgings for surgical implantsF738M..............Metric bolts,screws and studsF745..................Shot/bar/ingot for cast/solution treated implants F836M..............Metric nutsF837..................Socket head cap screwsF879M..............Metric socket button and flat countersunk capscrewsF880..................Socket set screwsF899..................Billet,bar and wire for surgical instrumentsF957..................Investment castings,steel and alloyF993..................Valve locking devicesF1079................Inserted and noninserted surgical scissorsF1350................Surgical fixation wireF1613................Surgical forcepsF1667................Driven fasteners:nails,spikes and staplesF2215................Balls,bearing,ferrous ad nonferrousF2281................Stainless steel and nickel alloy bolts,hex capscrews and studs for heat resistance and hightemperature applicationsPRACTICES(ASTM Volume No.follows each entry)A262.................Detecting susceptibility to attack in austeniticstainless steels01.03,01.05,03.02A380.................Cleaning and descaling stainless steel parts,equipment and systems01.03,02.05A609.................Castings,carbon,low-alloy,and martensiticstainless steel,ultrasonic examination thereof01.02A700.................Packaging,marketing and loading methods forsteel products for domestic shipment01.01,01.03,01.04,01.05A745.................Ultrasonic examination of austenitic steelforgings01.05A763.................Detecting susceptibility to intergranular attack inferritic stainless steels01.03A799.................Instrument calibration for estimating ferritecontent of stainless steel castings01.02A800.................Estimating ferrite content of austenitic alloy steelcastings01.02A880.................Criteria for use in evaluation of testinglaboratories and organizations for examination ofsteel,stainless steel and related alloys01.03A967.................Chemical passivation treatments for stainlesssteel parts01.03B254.................Preparation of and electroplating on stainlesssteel02.05D2651...............Preparation of metal surfaces for adhesivebonding15.06E426.................Practice for electromagnetic(eddy-current)testing of seamless and welded tubularproducts,austenitic stainless steels and similaralloys03.03E527.................Practice for numbering metals and alloys(UNS) G35...................Determining the susceptibility of stainless steelsand related nickel-chromium-iron alloys to stresscorrosion cracking in polythionic acids03.02G46...................Examination and evaluation of pitting corrosion03.02G58...................Preparation of stress-corrosion test specimensfor weldments03.02G78...................Guide for crevice corrosion testing of iron baseand nickel base stainless alloys in seawater andother chloride-containing environments03.02 TEST METHODSA370.................Mechanical testing of steel products01.01,01.02,01.03,01.04,01.05A604.................Standard Test Method for Macroetch Testing ofConsumable Electrode Remelted Steel Bars andBillets,01.05A751.................Test methods,practices and terminology forchemical analysis of steel products01.01,01.02,01.03,01.04,01.05,03.05A923.................Detecting detrimental intermetallic phase inwrought ferritic-austenitic(duplex)stainlesssteels01.03E112.................Determining average grain size03.01E327.................Optical emission spectrometric analysis ofstainless type18-8steels by the point-to-planetechnique03.05E340.................Macroetch Testing on Air Melted Products(also see E381),03.01E572.................X-ray emission spectrometric analysis ofstainless steel03.06E1086...............Optical emission vacuum spectrometric analysisof stainless steel by the point-to-plane excitationtechnique03.06G36...................Practice for performing stress-corrosion crackingtests in a boiling ferric chloride solution03.02G48...................Pitting and crevice corrosion resistance ofstainless steels and related alloys by the use offerric chloride solution03.02G98...................Galling resistance of materials03.02G108.................Electrochemical reactivation(EPR)for detectingsensitization of AISI Type304and304L stainlesssteels03.023HARDNESS CONVERSION TABLESE140.................Standard hardness conversion tables for metals(includes tables for austenitic stainless steelplate and sheet)03.01SPECIFICATIONS BY MILL SHAPEBar(ASTM Volume01.03)A276.................Bars and shapesA479.................Bars and shapes for use in boilers and otherpressure vesselsA484.................General requirements for bars,billets andforgingsA564.................Bars and shapes,hot-rolled and cold-finished,age hardeningA565.................Bars,forgings and forging stock for hightemperature service,martensiticA582.................Bars,hot-rolled or cold-finished,free-machining A831.................Bars,billets and forgings for use in corecomponentsA955.................Deformed and plain bars for concretereinforcement01.04A968.................Bars and shapes,chromium-nickel-silicon alloy A1028...............Stainless steel bars for compressor and turbineairfoilsCastings(ASTM Volume01.02)A217.................Castings,martensitic stainless and alloyA297.................Castings,iron-chromium,iron-chromium-nickel,heat resistant,for general applicationA351.................Castings for pressure-containiing parts,austenitic,austenitic-ferritic(duplex)A352.................Castings for pressure-containiing parts suitablefor low temperature service,ferritic andmartensiticA356.................Heavy-walled castings for steam turbinesA447.................Castings for high temperature service,chromium-nickel-ironA487.................Castings suitable for pressure service,martensiticA608.................Centrifugally cast iron-chromium nickel high alloy tubing for pressure application at hightemperaturesA743.................Castings,iron-chromium,iron-chromium-nickeland nickel-base,corrosion resistant,for generalserviceA744.................Castings,iron-chromium-nickel,for severeserviceA747.................Castings,precipitation hardeningA757.................Castings,ferritic and martensitic for pressure-containing and other applications for lowtemperature serviceA781.................Castings,common requirements for generalindustrial useA890.................Castings,iron-chromium-nickel-molybdenum forgeneral application,duplex(austenitic/ferritic)A957.................Investment castings,steel and alloy,commonrequirements for general industrial useA995.................Austenitic-ferritic(duplex)castings for pressure-containing partsForgings(ASTM Volume01.05)A314.................Bars and billets for forgingA336.................Forgings for pressure and high temperaturepartsA473.................ForgingsA484.................General requirements for bars,billets andforgings A705.................Forgings,age hardeningA965.................Forgings for pressure and high temperature,austeniticA1021...............Martensitic stainless steel forgings for hightemperature serviceA1049...............Stainless steel forgings,ferritic/austenitic(duplex)for pressure vesselsPipe(ASTM Volume01.01)A312.................Pipe,austeniticA358.................Electric fusion welded pipe,austeniticA376.................Pipe for high-temperature central station service,austeniticA409.................Welded large diameter pipe,austeniticA426.................Centrifugally-cast pipe,ferriticA430.................Forged and bored pipe,austeniticA530.................Specialized carbon and alloy steel pipe,generalrequirementsA733.................Welded and seamless carbon steel andaustenitic stainless steel pipe nipplesA790.................Seamless and welded pipe,ferritic/austeniticA813.................Single-or double-welded pipe,austeniticA814.................Cold-worked welded pipe,austeniticA815.................Pipe fittings,ferritic,ferritic/austenitic andmartensiticA872.................Centrifugally cast pipe for corrosiveenvironments,ferritic/austeniticA928.................Pipe,electric fusion welded with addition of fillermetal,ferritic/austenitic(duplex)A943.................Spray-formed seamless pipe,austeniticA949.................Spray-formed seamless pipe,ferritic/austeniticA954.................Seamless and welded pipe,austeniticchromium-nickel-silicon alloymon requirements for wrought steel pipefittings.A999.................General requirements for alloy and stainlesssteel pipeA1053...............Welded ferritic-martensitic(dual phase)pipe Plate,Sheet and Strip(ASTM Volume01.03)A167.................Plate,sheet and strip,chromium-nickelA176.................Plate,sheet and strip,chromiumA240.................Plate,sheet and strip for pressure vesselsA263.................Clad plate,sheet and strip,chromiumA264.................Clad plate,sheet and strip,chromium-nickelA666.................Sheet,strip,plate and flat bar,for structural andarchitectural applications,austeniticA693.................Plate,sheet and strip,precipitation hardeningA793.................Rolled floor plate,austeniticA887.................Borated stainless steel plate,sheet and strip fornuclear applicationsA895.................Plate,sheet and strip,free machiningA946.................Plate,sheet and strip,chromium-nickel-silicon alloy A947M..............Textured sheetA1010...............Higher strength plate,sheet and strip,martensitic Tube(ASTM Volume01.01)A213.................Seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy boiler,superheater and heat exchanger tubesA249.................Tubes,welded boiler,superheater,heat-exchanger and condenser,austeniticA268.................Tubing,seamless and welded,ferriticA269.................Tubing,seamless and welded,austeniticA270.................Sanitary tubing,austeniticA450.................General requirements for tubes,austenitic andferriticA498.................Seamless and welded carbon,ferritic andaustenitic alloy heat exchanger tubes withintegral fins4A511.................Seamless mechanical tubingA554.................Welded mechanical tubingA608.................Centrifugally cast iron-chromium nickel high alloy tubing for pressure application at hightemperaturesA632.................Seamless and welded tubing,small diameter,forgeneral service,austeniticA688.................Welded feedwater heater tubes,austeniticA771.................Tubing for breeder reactor core components,austeniticA778.................Welded tubular products,unannealed austenitic A789.................Seamless and welded tubing for general service, ferritic/austeniticA791.................Welded tubing,unannealed ferriticA803.................Welded feedwater heater tubes,ferriticA826.................Duct tubes for breeder reactor core components, austenitic and ferriticA851.................High-frequency,induction-welded condensertubes,austeniticA908.................Needle tubingA953.................Seamless and welded tubing,austeniticchromium-nickel-silicon alloyA1012...............Seamless and welded ferritic,austenitic andduplex alloy steel condenser and heatexchanger tubes with integral finsA1016...............General requirements for alloy and stainlesssteel tubesWire and Wire Rod(ASTM Volume01.03)A313.................Spring wire,chromium-nickelA368.................Wire strandA478.................Weaving wire,chromium-nickelA492.................Rope wireA493.................Cold heading and cold forging bar and wireA555.................General requirements for wire and wire roodsA580.................WireA581.................Wire,free-machiningA1022...............Stainless steel wire for concrete reinforcement STAINLESS STEEL SPECIFICATIONS ACCORDINGTO PRODUCT TYPEArchitectural ApplicationsA666.................Sheet,strip,plate and flat bar,for structural andarchitectural applications,austenitic(ASTMVolume01.03)A947M..............Textured sheet(ASTM Vol.01.03)Bearings(ASTM Volume01.05)A756.................Anti-friction bearing steelF2215................Balls,bearing,ferrous and nonferrousBolts and Nuts(ASTM Volume01.01)A193.................BoltsA194.................NutsA320.................Bolting for low temperature serviceA437.................Alloy steel turbine-type bolting material speciallyheat treated for high temperature serviceA453.................Bolting materials,high temperature,50to120ksiyield strength with expansion coefficientscomparable to austenitic steelsF2281................Stainless steel and nickel alloy bolts,hex capscrews and studs for heat resistance and hightemperature applications Fasteners(ASTM Volume15.08)F593..................Bolts,hex cap screws and studsF594..................NutsF738M..............Metric bolts,screws and studsF836M..............Metric nutsF837..................Socket head cap screwsF879M..............Metric socket button and flat countersunk capscrewsF880..................Socket set screwsF1667................Driven fasteners:nails,spikes and staples Fittings,Flanges&Valves(ASTM Volume01.01)A182.................Forged flanges,fittings and valvesA403.................Pipe fittingsA774.................As-welded fittings for general corrosive serviceat low and moderate temperatures,austeniticA815.................Pipe fittings,ferritic,ferritic/austenitic andmartensiticA988.................Hot isostatically-pressed flanges,fittings,valvesand parts for high temperature serviceF993..................Valve locking devicesFloor Plate(ASTM Volume01.03)A793.................Rolled floor plate,austeniticIndustrial Wire Cloth,Screens&Perforated Plate(ASTM Volume14.02)E437.................Industrial wire cloth and screens(squareopening series)E454.................Industrial perforated plate and screens(squareopeniing series)E674.................Industrial perforated plate and screens(roundopening series)Needle Tubing(ASTM Volume01.01)A908.................Needle tubingNuclear ApplicationsA771.................Tubing for breeder reactor core components,austenitic(01.01)A826.................Duct tubes for breeder reactor core components, austenitic and ferritic(01.01)A831.................Bars,billets and forgings for use in corecomponents(01.03)A887.................Borated stainless steel plate,sheet and strip fornuclear applications(01.03)Sanitary Tubing(ASTM Volume01.01)A270.................Sanitary tubing,austeniticSurgical Implant Materials(ASTM Volume13.01)F138..................Surgical implants,bar and wire,special qualityF139..................Surgical implants,sheet and strip,special quality F621..................Forgings for surgical implantsF745..................Shot/bar/ingot for cast/solution treated implants F899..................Billet,bar and wire for surgical instrumentsF1079................Inserted and noninserted surgical scissorsF1350................Surgical fixation wireF1586................Bar for surgical implants nitrogen-strengthened,21Cr-10Ni-3Mn-2.5MoF1613................Surgical forceps5。