英语介词for的用法归纳总结.doc

英语介词for的用法归纳总结用法1：(介词for表目的)为了
They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。

What did you do that for? 你干吗这样做?
That s what we re here for. 这正是我们来的目的。

What s she gone for this time? 她这次去干什么去了?
He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽车。

【用法说明】在通常情况下，英语不用for doing sth 来表示目的
他去那儿看他叔叔。

误：He went there for seeing his uncle.
正：He went there to see his uncle.
但是，若一个动名词已名词化，则可与for 连用表目的
He went there for swimming. 他去那儿游泳。

(swimming 已名词化)
注意：若不是表目的，而是表原因、用途等，则其后可接动名词。

(见下面的有关用法)
用法2：(介词for表利益)为，为了
What can I do for you? 你想要我什么?
We study hard for our motherland. 我们为祖国努力学习。

Would you please carry this for me? 请你替我提这个东西好吗?
Do more exercise for the good of your health. 为了健康你要多运动。

【用法说明】(1) 有些后接双宾语的动词(如buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare 等)，当双宾语易位时，通常用for 来引出间接宾语，表示间接宾语为受益者
She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她为她女儿做了件连衣裙。

He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes for us. 他为我们煮了些土豆。

注意，类似下面这样的句子必须用for：
He bought a new chair for the office. 他为办公室买了张新办公椅。

(2) 注意不要按汉语字面意思，在一些及物动词后误加介词for：
他们决定在电视上为他们的新产品打广告。

误：They decided to advertise for their new product on TV.
正：They decided to advertise their new product on TV.
注：advertise 可用作及物或不及物动词，但含义不同：advertise sth=为卖出某物而打广告;advertise for sth=为寻找某物而打广告advertise for a job=登广告求职。

由于受汉语为的影响，而此处误加了介词for。

类似地，汉语中的为人民服务，说成英语是serve the people，而不是serve for the people，为某人的死报仇，说成英语是avenge sb s death，而不是avenge for sb s death，等等。

用法3：(介词for表用途)用于，用来
Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切东西的。

This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。

It s a machine for slicing bread. 这是切面包的机器。

The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold. 医生给了她一些感冒药。

用法4：为得到，为拿到，为取得
He went home for his book. 他回家拿书。

He went to his friend for advice. 他去向朋友请教。

She often asked her parents for money. 她经常向父母要钱。

We all hope for success. 我们都盼望成功。

Are you coming in for some tea? 你要不要进来喝点茶?
用法5：介词for表给(某人)，供(某人)用
That s for you. 这是给你的。

Here is a letter for you. 这是你的信。

Have you room for me there? 你那边能给我腾出点地方吗?
用法6：(介词for表原因、理由)因为，由于
I am sorry for it. 对不起。

Thank you for coming to see me. 谢谢你来看我。

You can t see the wood for the trees. 你只见树木，不见森林。

He is famous for his poems. 他因为他的诗出名。

He was sent to prison for robbery. 他因为抢劫而坐牢。

I couldn t speak for laughing. 我笑得说不出话来。

He couldn t sleep for joy. 他高兴得不能入睡。

For several reasons, I d rather not meet her. 由于种种原因，我宁愿不见她。

【用法说明】有些表原因的特殊结构不宜用介词for 来引出，而用其他介词
他由于努力工作而加了工资。

误：For the result of his hard work, he got a pay rise.
正：As a [the] result of his hard work, he got a pay rise.
注：as a [the] result of 是习语，意为由于的结果。

因为母亲不在家，她只好自己做饭。

误：For Mother (being) away, she had to cook the meal herself.
正：With Mother (being) away, she had to cook the meal herself.
注：with+宾语+宾语补足语可用来表示原因，此时的with 不能换成for。

类似地，下例中的with 也不能换成for：
With all this work to do, I don t know if I ll have time to go out. 有这么多工作要做，我不知是否有时间出去。

我们祝贺你的成功。

误：We congratulate you for your success.
正：We congratulate you on your success.
注：congratulate 后习惯上接介词on 表示原因。

用法7：(介词for表目标、去向)去
Is this bus for Chicago? 这辆公共汽车开往芝加哥吗?
They ll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们动身去北京。

They set off for the shops. 他们买东西去了。

Is this the train for Shanghai? 这是开往上海的火车吗?
Passengers for Tianjing must change at Beijing. 去天津的旅客必须在北京换车。

【用法说明】比较for 与to，两者均可表示目的地，注意以下区别：
for 通常与leave, start, set out, set off, head, steer, depart, be bound, be destined 等动词连用，而to 则通常与come, drive, fly, get, go, lead, march, move, return, ride, run, travel, walk 等动词连用
We departed for London at 10 am. 我们上午10点动身去伦敦。

Then we drove to the station. 然后我们就开车去了车站。

有时，同一个动词(如sail)两者均可连用，但含义稍有差别：用for 通常只表示向着某目的地那个方向，并不强调到达的意思;而to 含有到达某目的地的意思
They sailed for Shanghai. 他们开船驶往广州。

若与名词连用，也有类似区别
There will be a train for Wuhan. 有开往武汉的火车。

(仅表示向武汉方向，但在武汉未必是停靠站)
There will be a train to Wuhan. 有开往武汉的火车。

(开往武汉方向，且在武汉停靠)(R56)
顺便说一句，也有的辞书持几乎相反的观点，认为for 与to 表示目的地时，for 表示的是预定目的地，而to 表示的是假设将会到达的目的地。