Myers+Psy14压力和健康 心理学课件

Immune suppression
Unhealthy behaviors
(smoking, drinking, poor nutrition and sleep)
Autonomic nervous system effects
(headaches, hypertension)
Promoting Health
Depression 14 score 13
12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Before treatment evaluation After treatment evaluation Aerobic exercise group Relaxation treatment group No-treatment group
Level of social support Close, enduring Tendency toward Health Illness Lacking
Promoting Health
Predictors of mortality
1 Relative risk 0.8 of dying 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Not smoking Regular exercise Weekly religious attendance Women Men
Coronary Heart Disease
clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle leading cause of death in many developed countries
Stress and the Heart
Hopelessness scores
Aerobic Exercise
sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness
Promoting Health
Biofeedback
system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding a subtle physiological state
Percentage with high support 100%
90 80 70 60 50 12-14 15-17 18-19 20-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+
Age in years
Life events Personal appraisal Challenge Personality type Easy going Nondepressed Optimistic Personality habits Nonsmoking Regular exercise Good nutrition Smoking Sedentary Poor nutrition Hostile Depressed Pessimistic Threat
some forms of hypertension some headaches
distinct from hypochondriasis-misinterpreting normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease
Stress and Disease
3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Men who feel extreme hopelessness are at greater risk for heart attacks and early death
Heart attack
Low risk Moderate risk
Death
Stress and Illness
Stress
the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging
Stressful Life Events
Catastrophic Events
earthquakes, combat stress, floods
Life Changes
death of a loved one, divorce, loss of job, promotion
Daily Hassles
Health Psychology
subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine
Stress and Illness
Leading causes of death in the US in 1900 and 2000
Aroused, focused
Cerebral cortex (perceives stressor) Thalamus Hypothalamus Pituitary hormone in the bloodstream stimulates the outer part of the adrenal gland to release the stress hormone cortisol
Pituitary gland
Sympathetic nervous system releases the stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine from nerve endings in the inner part of the adrenal glands Adrenal glands
Promoting Health
Religious Attendance
Promoting Health
The religion factor is mulitidimensional
Healthy behaviors (less smoking, drinking) Social support (faith communities, marriage) Positive emotions (less stress, anxiety) Better health (less immune system suppression, stress hormones, and suicide)
Stress Appraisal
Appraisal
Threat ("Yikes! This is beyond me!")
Response
Panic, freeze up
Stressful event (tough math test)
Challenge ("I've got to apply all I know")
Stress and Disease
UCS (drug) UCR (immune suppression) CS (sweetened water) UCS (drug) UCR (immune suppression) CR (immune suppression)
Conditioning of immune suppression
Type B
Friedman and Rosenman's term for easygoing, relaxed people
Stress and the Heart
Stress and Disease
Psychophysiological Illness
"mind-body" illness any stress-related physical illness
Life-style modification patients Control patients Modifying life-style reduced recurrent heart attacks
Year
Promoting Health
Social support across the life span
High risk
Stress and the Heart
Type A
Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people
Myers' PSYCHOLOGY
Chapter 14
Stress and Health
Stress and Health
Behavioral Medicine
interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease
Stress and Illness
The body's resistance to stress can last only so long before exhaustion sets in
General Adaptation Syndrome
Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three stages
Lymphocytes
two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system