2020高考英语二轮复习第三讲 根据上下文推断单词或短语的含义
高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨猜测单词或短语的含义
高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨:猜测单词或短语的含义学生在阅读过程中,应具备根据上下文猜测词义的能力。
每年高考英语试题中,猜测单词或短语的含义也是常有的题型,因此大家在平时的阅读理解练习中应尽量积累一些猜词技巧。
常见的猜词技巧主要有两大类:语境法和构词法。
下面我们结合高考真题对这两种解题技巧具体说明。
1. 语境法语境法指通过上下文语境来猜测词义,这是比较常用且有效的猜词方法。
常用的语境法有:①通过定义、解释或同位关系猜测词义。
用于下定义或解释的单词或短语有or, mean, in other words, be defined as, be described as, be seen as, refer to, that is to say 等。
有些定义或解释是通过破折号、冒号、括号、同位语(从句)或定语(从句)来表示的。
例1:(2020年高考英语全国III卷B篇,保留原题号,下同)...Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2, 000 productions this year. ...26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Listing completely.B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully.D. Watching carefully.【分析】本文是新闻报道。
【核心】2020年高考英语二轮复习核心考点总动员专题33阅读理解之猜测词义含解析
【关键字】核心专题33 阅读理解之猜测词义关键词:阅读理解,猜测词义,上下文推理,语境难度系数:✱✱✱✱推荐指数:✱✱✱✱✱【根底回顾】考点归纳:根据上下文推断生词的词义正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步,也是理解文章的根底,不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。
但英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思,其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。
能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义,才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。
此外,阅读文章时,常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词,但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来。
这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力,是一个合格的读者所必须具备的能力,因此也是阅读测试中经常检测的一种能力。
考点1 猜测词义题考点2猜测短语题考点3 猜测指代题考点4 猜测句意题根底必读:高考中词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断,也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断,既可以是生词意义,也可以是熟词新意;还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
在阅读理解题中,所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,要根据短文提供的语境,通过阅读上下文,根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
A.词义猜测主要的设题方式有:(1)The underlined words "took off " in paragraph 2 mean "_____".(2)What does the underlined word "them" in the last paragraph refer to?(3)The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that_______.(4)Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word "exotic" in the third paragraph?(5)The underlined phrase " turn his back on" (paragraph 6) most probably mean _______.(6)By saying " We need them yesterday "(paragraph 7), Stover means that snakelike robots _______.B.词义猜测主要的解题策略有:语境猜测、语法猜词和常识猜词。
高考英语二轮总复习 第三部分 完形填空 专题一 记叙文(含夹叙夹议文)
例(2018·江苏卷) Raynor Winn and hers due to their wrong
investment.Their savings had been 36 to pay lawyers’ fees.To make matters worse,Moth was diagnosed(诊断) with a 37 disease.There was no 38 ,only pain relief.
分析:本文段首第一句话就点出了本文的人物和中心事件:一个生意人和他 的顾客的关系。本段概括介绍了一些顾客让作者和他的员工疯狂的事件。 接下来的文章主体部分则围绕作者经历的一次特定事件,使作者学会了如 何应对“难缠”的顾客。
2.跳空速读全文,掌握中心。 速读全文要求一气呵成,跳过空格,快速阅读,领会大意,把握中心。重点了 解记叙文的要素,如:时间、地点、人物和事件等,从整体上把握文章的叙 述顺序和结构主线。
During the journey,Raynor began a career as a nature writer.She writes,“ 52 had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare,an empty page at the end of a(n) 53 written book.It had also given me a 54 ,either to leave that page 55 or to keep writing the story with hope.I chose hope.” 分析:通过略读全文可知,第一段介绍了故事的背景,把握其中的两个关键 词“homeless”和“disease”;第二段介绍了他们做出徒步旅行的决定;第三、 四段介绍了旅行中的艰难;第五、六段介绍了徒步旅行给他们带来的惊喜。 文章结构清晰,通过略读很容易把握其主旨。
第03讲-阅读理解之词句猜测题-2022年高考英语二轮复习大提升增分策略(全国通用)
第03讲阅读理解之词句猜测题-2022年高考英语二轮复习大提升增分策略【题型概述】根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是高考阅读理解题出题方向之一,也是考查考生英语语言能力和文化品格的一种重要方式。
词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查,还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。
除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外,在阅读理解文章中,总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围,但又没有附加注释,也需要考生猜测,这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。
【增分策略】一、词义猜测题--线索猜词法(语法关系、逻辑关系、上下语境)【例】(2021·全国卷甲)...We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certaintrick on the beam(横杆),I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand,and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man, Safe. A few minutes later,when I landed the trick,my friends beat their boards loud, shouting:“Safe! Safe! Safe!"And that's what mattered-landing tricks, being a good skater.29. What do the underlined words“Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?A. Be careful!B. Well done!C. No way!D. Don't worry!答案B解析词义猜测题。
2020学年高中英语二轮复习专题专项攻略详解课件:阅读理解词义猜测
8. Common sense 普通常识:根据普通常识和 生活经验来猜测词义。
3. What is the meaning of “ … ” as the words are used in the text?
4. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”?
考查方向: 1、熟词新意,即熟悉词汇的陌生含义; 2、复合词的含义理解,对于衍生词汇的理解能力; 3、根据上下文对代词的指代含义的理解能力; 4、根据上下文对不认识单词的词义判断能力; 5、对谚语、俗语、俚语含义的理解能力; 6、通过近义词、反义词和常识理解词汇的能力。
英语单词大多是由词根、词头(前缀)
和词尾(后缀)所组成。词根是单词最基本 的部分,表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或 后加上前缀或后缀,可以用来引申或转变原 词的意义,即派生。只要我们掌握了各种词 根、词头和词尾的基本含义,那么就可以很 容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了;另外还 有合成与转化。
常见的前缀和后缀如:
二轮复习
猜测词义
常见词义猜测题型
1. The underlined word “ … ” refers to
(means / stands for)
.
2. Which of the following words can take the place of / be replaced by the word “ … ”?
高考英语阅读理解满分秘籍之词义猜测题(正稿)
高考英语阅读理解满分秘籍之词义猜测题型阅读理解满分秘籍——理解题干的要求是核心,分析选项的特点是基础,读懂原文的主旨是条件。
做到题干、选项与原文内容的完美结合。
词义猜测题型高考《考纲》对阅读理解的能力要求是:要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中具体信息;(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;……《考纲》对阅读理解的能力要求的第三点是根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义。
它是阅读理解能力的具体体现,因为在高中阶段考生的词汇量有限,所以考生必须培养对生词和熟词生义的理解能力才能够更好地理解文章,了解作者写作的真实意图。
对应的题型就是词义猜测题型。
词义猜测题型通常只有1~2小题,但是千万不能忽略此题型,因为这是典型的易错题。
做题时,考生一定要弄清楚上下文的逻辑关系,比如根据因果、转折、解释等不同的关系找到对应的关键词,使猜测能够在文章中找到确切的依据,这样就不会错了。
词义猜测题型需要我们积累足够的词汇知识,千万不能因为不知道选项的意义而无法准确选择。
事实上,有的学生在阅读训练和测试中存在着“生词恐惧心理”,一遇到生词就有读不下去的感觉。
那么做阅读理解时遇到生词该怎么办? 查词典当然是排除词义障碍的一种方法,当然这只有在平常的阅读训练中才可以使用。
但是,频繁的查阅词典既影响阅读速度,又容易破坏阅读的思路和兴趣。
况且,一词多义是英语词汇的主要特点,词典不一定能为学生提供单词在特定的上下文中的具体或确切的含义。
平时的练习中遇到生词不要马上查词典,可以通过一定的方法来猜测理解。
猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧,也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面,每年在高考阅读中都有词义猜测题型。
掌握正确方法快速而又准确地猜测出词的含义,对提高阅读速度和答题效率相当重要。
词义猜测题常见的提问方式有:1. The word / phrase “…”in the sentence could be replaced by _________.2. The word / phrase “…”in the paragraph refers to _________.3. What is the meaning of the underlined word /phrase “…”in the paragraph?=What does the unlined word / phrase“…”mean?= Which of the following words can take the place of the underlined word “…”?4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word / phrase “…”?5. The word/phrase “…”most probably means ________.6. “…”as used in the passage can best be defined as ________.对于词义猜测题,考生应该进行大胆猜测,但这种猜测不是胡乱的、盲目的,而是有一定的方法和技巧。
高考英语二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测-词义猜测题考查解读
2020届二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测-词义猜测题考查解读【题型解读】词义猜测题是阅读理解每年常考的题型。
词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力,主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力,而这些词和词组往往都超出考纲范围,但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。
由此看来,对于生词的理解是否准确,直接影响着阅读理解题得分的高低,对能否取得好的高考成绩有着举足轻重的作用。
词义猜测题的命题方式有:(1)What does the underlined word “...” probably mean?(2)The word “...” refers to/probably means .(3)The underlined word “...” could best be replaced by .(4)What do you think the expression “...” stands for?(5)By saying “...” we mean .(6)“...” used in the passage can best be defined as .(7)Which of the following words can take the place of the word “...”?二、解题技巧——巧用线索猜词义1.根据定义、释义或同位语进行猜测有些文章,特别是科技说明文,作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语下定义,通过阅读定义和解释部分,考生便可理解该词或短语的意思。
有时,需要猜测的单词或短语后面会紧跟一个同位语,作为对前面的词或短语的解释说明。
有时,文章会用冒号、破折号、括号等对某个词或短语加以解释说明。
例如:Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down.One girl called 911.Two more ran to get the school nurse,who brought a defibrillator,an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work.Luck stayed with them:Paris’s heartbeat returned.分析:所猜测单词defibrillator后面出现了同位语an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work (一个可以电击心脏使其重新工作的电子器械)来进行解释说明,我们可推知其词义应为“(心脏)除颤器”。
高考英语二轮复习第三部分 阅读理解 专题四 猜测词义类
those who miss the “good old days”, efficiency comes with a
price.When communication becomes more efficient,people are able to contact one another no matter where they are and at
二轮·英语
名师在线
生词的含义。
通过同义、反义关系猜测词义。在生词所在的上下文中,
有时会出现与之同义或反义的词语,这时可根据熟悉的词语的含义推知
二轮·英语
【典例4】
(2014江西,D片段)
However,at the back of the minds of many people,especially
ourselves or turn the other person off.
二轮·英语
71.The underlined word “gadgets”is closest in meaning to .
A.tools
B.messages
C.barriers
D.skills
剖析:A 猜测词义题。根据前文的With the communication及后面的 such as mobile phones and ipads 可知A项正确。
二轮·英语
44.What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean? A.Active at night. C.Active during the day. B.Inactive at night. D.Inactive during the day.
2023高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解专题 第3讲 推理判断题
feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater
might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily
Eachyear, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect
platform to showcase the verybest photography of the British landscape. Take a
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as aspecific set of skills that can be used
for either good orbad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are
C. In an art magazine.
D. In a biography.
4.推断文章出处---“文体特征”法
2019年全国Ⅰ卷·31 As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric (生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though. Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device (装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏)… It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently. In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants… Where is this text most likely from? A diary. B. A guidebook. C. A novel. D. A magazine.
2020浙江新高考英语二轮复习专题第三讲 理解主旨要义——主旨大意题 【含答案】
第三讲理解主旨要义——主旨大意题主旨大意题是阅读理解中难度较大的一类题目,是拉开分数差距的一个重要考查点。
因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力,也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。
文章中没有明显的解题依据,需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括,才能归纳出文章的主旨。
此类题目可分为三大类:标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。
高考主旨大意题题量统计考纲解读年份浙江卷(1)主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解,它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下,对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。
(2)它既考查细节理解能力,又考查深层次的推理、概括能力,难度较大。
(3)有时从文章的第一个段落,甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义;有时,文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。
2019.6 2(标题归纳题;段落大意题)2018.11 1(标题归纳题)2018.6 1(标题归纳题)2017.11 1(文章大意题)2017.6 1(文章大意题)【考查特点】Ⅰ.把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式:(1)What would be the best title for the text?/What is the topic of the text?(2)The main idea/The general idea/The main theme of this passage is ________.(3)The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on ________.(4)What is mainly discussed in the text?(5)What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?(6)Which of the following statements is best supported by the text?(7)The passage mainly focuses on ________.Ⅱ.掌握主旨大意题的考查角度:(1)标题类,要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。
高考英语中如何利用上下文推测词义
高考英语中如何利用上下文推测词义在高考英语中,阅读理解占据了相当大的比重,而其中理解生词的词义往往是考生们面临的一个挑战。
然而,通过巧妙地利用上下文,我们能够较为准确地推测出生词的含义,从而更好地理解文章的内容。
首先,让我们来了解一下为什么需要掌握利用上下文推测词义的能力。
高考英语阅读文章的选材广泛,涵盖了科技、文化、社会等多个领域,难免会出现一些超出我们日常词汇积累范围的生词。
如果每遇到一个生词就去查词典,不仅会影响阅读的流畅性,还可能导致考试时间的浪费。
因此,学会利用上下文推测词义是一种非常实用的阅读技巧。
那么,如何通过上下文来推测词义呢?一种常见的方法是通过定义或解释来推测。
有时候,文章中会对生词直接给出定义或解释。
例如,“Anthropology is the scientific study of human beings” 在这个句子中,“Anthropology”这个生词后面紧跟着对它的解释“the scientific study of human beings”,我们就能够理解“Anthropology”是“人类学”的意思。
另外,通过对比和对照关系也能帮助我们推测词义。
如果文中提到“A is different from B”或者“A, on the contrary, is”这样的表述,那么我们可以通过已知的 B 的特点来推测 A 的词义。
比如,“Unlike her sister who i s quiet and reserved, Mary is outgoing and sociable” 从“Unlike”这个词以及对她姐姐性格的描述“quiet and reserved”,我们可以推测出“outgoing”是“外向的”,“sociable”是“善于交际的”。
举例也是推测词义的一个有效途径。
当文中出现“For example, such as, like”等词时,后面所列举的例子往往能够帮助我们理解生词的含义。
2020届高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读第3讲词义猜测题课件
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150).Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
B.assess students' public speaking skills
C.prepare students for their future jobs
D.inspire students' love for politics
( )4.Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?
(
)2.Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in
paragraph 2?
A.Complex.
B.Advanced.
C.Powerful.
D.Modern.
( )3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?
2020年浙江新高考英语二轮复习教师用书:根据上下文推断词句的含义——词句猜测题
第四讲根据上下文推断词句的含义——词句猜测题词句猜测题旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力,既可以考查生词的意义,也可以考查熟词的新意,还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
除了直接的命题外,在阅读理解的文章中,常常有一些单词或短语超出了考试大纲,但又没有附加注释,也需要考生猜测词义才能准确理解文章,这是词义猜测题的一种简单命题形式。
【考查特点】Ⅰ.把握词句猜测题最常见的命题方式:(1)The phrase“...” in the sentence could be replaced by “________”.(2)The underlined word “...” in paragraph...refers to ________.(3)What is the meaning of the underlined word in the...paragraph?/What does the underlined word mean in the...paragraph?(4)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “...”?(5)T he underlined word “...” most probably means “________”.(6)The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that ________.Ⅱ.掌握词句猜测题的考查角度:(1)猜测生词或熟词的含义。
(2)猜测短语的意义。
(3)猜测替代词所替代的内容(如it,one,they,this,that,these,those等)。
(4)猜测句意。
[考向1]词义猜测题——语境分析猜词义无论是直接的词义猜测题,还是文章中需要理解的生词,考生都可以利用构词法、同义词、近义词、反义词、逻辑关系、定义和解释、例证、同等关系及生活常识和文化背景等方法猜出单词或短语的意思,这些方法体现了高考对考生的文化品格要求越来越高。
考点3 根据上下文推断单词或短语的含义共70页文档
66、节制使快乐增加并使享受加强。 ——德 谟克利 特 67、今天应做的事没有做,明天再早也 是耽误 了。——裴斯 泰洛齐 68、决定一个人的一生,以及整个命运 的,只 是一瞬 之间。 ——歌 德 69、懒人无法享受休息之乐。——拉布 克 70、浪费时间是一桩大罪过。——卢1、没有哪个社会可以制订一部永远 适用的 宪法, 甚至一 条永远 适用的 法律。 ——杰 斐逊 52、法律源于人的自卫本能。——英 格索尔
53、人们通常会发现,法律就是这样 一种的 网,触 犯法律 的人, 小的可 以穿网 而过, 大的可 以破网 而出, 只有中 等的才 会坠入 网中。 ——申 斯通 54、法律就是法律它是一座雄伟的大 夏,庇 护着我 们大家 ;它的 每一块 砖石都 垒在另 一块砖 石上。 ——高 尔斯华 绥 55、今天的法律未必明天仍是法律。 ——罗·伯顿
2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解 考纲导读、解题技巧及命题趋势
2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解【考纲导读】高考英语全国卷明确要求考生具备以下能力:1.理解文章主旨要义。
2.理解文中具体信息3.根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义4.根据所读内容作出判断和推理5.理解文章的基本结构6.理解作者的意图、观点和态度【考情回顾】近几年高考全国卷阅读理解考查情况如下:年份数量类别2017-2019年,全国卷阅读理解考点统计分布情况考点2017年2018年2019年共计全国卷一全国卷二全国卷一全国卷二全国卷一全国卷二细节理解8 6 6 9 6 5 40 推理判断 5 5 5 3 5 6 29 主旨大意 2 2 1 2 1 2 10 词意猜测 2 1 1 1 1 2 8【命题趋势和规律】研究近几年高考试题可以发现,高考阅读理解设置的问题往往反映了一篇文章的主要信息和脉络,命题者通常从以下几个维度设题:1.段首、段尾句:第一段首句或末段末句往往反映了文章的主题或中心思想;某一段的段首句或段尾句往往是该段的主题句。
因此,命题者一般针对它们设置主旨大意题目。
2.转折、对比处:一般来说,表示转折意义的信号词but、however、yet、on the contrary、in fact或体现对比关系的提示词unlike、while等后的内容往往是表意重点。
因此,命题者常常抓住这一特点设置推理判断、观点态度等题目。
3.引用人物论断处:为了表达自己的观点或使论点更有说服力,作者常常引用他人的论断或重要发现进行证明。
命题者常常针对它们设置推理判断题目。
4.体现因果关系处:命题者常常针对体现因果关系的because、for、since、now that、as a result、consequently、result in、result from等信号词设置细节理解、推理判断、观点态度题目。
5.举例子、打比方处:为了使自己的观点更有说服力,作者常常采用举例子或打比方等方法。
命题者常常抓住for example、for instance、such as、as等设置意图态度、推理判断等题目。
高考英语阅读理解五大方法巧解词义猜测题
高考英语阅读理解五大方法巧解词义猜测题根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是高考阅读理解题6大出题方向之一,也是考查考生英语语言能力和文化品格的一种重要方式。
词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查,还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。
除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外,在阅读理解文章中,总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围,但又没有附加注释,也需要考生猜测,这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。
近三年词义猜测题考查频次一览表2017年2016年2015年全国卷Ⅰ2(代词that;短语the watercatcher)1(单词courier)1(单词contributions)全国卷Ⅱ2(代词that;句子the tables areturned)2(单词downside;代词it)1(短语signed off)全国卷Ⅲ1(单词displaced)2(代词them;短语a pipe dream)/近几年高考词义猜测题在数量上保持稳定,每套试卷中直接考查词义猜测的试题不超过2道。
但试卷中阅读理解部分生词量略有扩大,试题难度稍有增加。
例如在2017年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解中,有部分超纲单词(如unifying, emotion和insight)给出了汉语注释,另外一部分超纲词汇(如recontextualization)却没有附加注释。
这些单词既不在《考试大纲》规定的词汇表内,又未加注释,这就意味着考生不仅仅需要完成试题中直接的词义猜测题,还需要凭借自己的知识积累和学习能力猜测出未加注生词的词义,这样才能透彻地理解文章,完成阅读理解任务。
词义猜测题考查的范围主要在以下几个方面:生词、短语、熟词生义、句子和代词的指代。
常见的设问形式主要有以下几种:What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...refer to?What does the underlined phrase "..." in Paragraph...refer to?What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...mean?What does the author mean by "..." in Paragraph...?Which of the following can replace the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...?无论是直接的词义猜测题,还是阅读中需要理解不认识的生词,我们都可以利用构词法、逻辑关系、语法关系、生活常识、文化背景和上下文语境等方法来猜出单词或短语的意思。
超实用高考英语复习教学课件:阅读理解之根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义课件(含历年真题分析)
more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade,
industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and
the spread of universal compulsory education, especially
新高考I卷 2道(代词that;beanpoles)
考查猜词的题型:
❖1.生僻词/语词义 ❖2.熟词生义 ❖3.代词指代 ❖4.句意理解
二、重点题型突破 考点1 生僻词/短语义
❖ 考查考生对生僻词汇词义的理解,是高考词义猜测 中最常见的类型。
❖ 4、举例子 ❖ 5、下定义 ❖ 6、 同位语
speakers. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“…Vote for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he
Yellowstone area and much of the continental United
States, but they were gradually displaced by human
development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically
globalisation and better communications in the past few
decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and
高中英语阅读技巧:⑨ 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义——短语意思猜测题
高中英语阅读技巧:⑨根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义——短语意思猜测题这类题主要考查考生结合上下文理解短语意思的能力。
解这类题时可采用以下技巧:1. 寻找解释性短语或句子。
考生可结合语境或句子结构寻找针对该短语的解释性短语或句子,然后据此推断其含义。
2. 寻找上下文中的信息暗示。
文章的每个段落都是一个有机的整体,因此正确理解上下文意思是推断短语意思的关键。
3. 理解短语中关键词的含义。
如果这个关键词是学过的单词,那么它在文章中的意思可能是学过的词义的引申义或比喻义。
以下内容均选编自高考真题,我们将结合上面提到的解题技巧对各题进行分析解答。
[A]Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund (基金) (our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor).For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball — simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it.It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.1. What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. The more, the better.B. Enough is enough.C. More money, more worries.D. Earn more and spend more.【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。
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@《创新设计》
一、代词指代题 1.解题步骤
——“搜索带入法”突破3类词义猜测题
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@《创新设计》
2.解题指导 向上搜索时,先从上文最近点开始找,找不到再找次近的,一般答案不会离得太远, 答案一定是代指上文最近的某个名词或短语。
[示例] (2019·全国卷Ⅱ阅读A) Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series (系
[示例] (2018·浙江卷阅读A) The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long,the cat
began to look ragged (蓬乱).His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
列) of lifestyle books.Here she picks her top reads. Matilda Roald Dahl
I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds.Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but they’re also aspirational.
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@《创新设计》
22.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest? A.The cat would be closely watched. B.The cat would get some medical care. C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly. D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon. 分析:Step 1返回原文→找出出题的句子The cat’s lot was about to improve. Step 2理解语境→由前文可知,本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的。 画线句的字面意思是“猫的命运将会得到改善”。由该段后文可知,本杰明的堂兄 送给了他专业的颜料和画笔。 Step 3确定答案→由此可推知D项与画线句的意思相符。
2
@《创新设计》
21.Who does “I” refer to in the text?
A.Stephen King. B.Gillian Flynn.
C.Jo Usmar.
D.Roald Dahl.
分析:Step 1返回原文→找出出题的指代词I。
Step 2向上搜索→找最近的句子(Here she picks her top reads.),其中she指代Jo Usmar。
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@《创新设计》
[示例] (2019·天津卷阅读D) We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway
mark.I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top.We can’t all get there.I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Step 3 带入原文→将找到的句子的意思代入替换代词I。
Step 4确定答案→选C。
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@《创新设计》
二、词汇猜测题 词汇猜测题不是考查考生的词汇量,而是要求考生根据上下文中的已知信息对
单词或词组的具体语义进行合理推测。涉及的词语有四类:熟词新义、生僻单词和 词组短语。词义猜测题在前文中已经具体阐述,请参考。
The cat’s lot was about to improve. That year,one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr.Pennington,came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings.When he went home,he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings (版 画)by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.
11
本节内容结束
12
7
@《创新设计》
52.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.End one’s struggle for liberty.
B.Waste one’s energy taking risks.
C.Miss the opportunity to succeed.
4
1.解题步骤
5@《创新设计》@《创 Nhomakorabea设计》2.解题指导 (1)如果该词汇是简单词汇,则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。 (2)高考阅读不是考查认识不认识词,而是考查是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。 (3)词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。注意不能靠单词词义直接 往下推。 (4)寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点(比如分号,分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形 式上的并列就是语义上的并列,也就是两句话的意思相同,所以可用其中一句话的 意思来推测另一句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义)、定语从句、前后缀,特别要 注意寻找时的同性原则。比如:让猜一个名词词组(动词词组)的意思,我们就向上 向下搜索名词词组(动词词组)。
知,画线短语的意思是“没有兴趣继续学习”。
Step 4确定答案→把选项带入原文,验证应选D项。
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三、句子理解题 1.解题步骤
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@《创新设计》
@《创新设计》
2.注意事项 (1)一般来说,选项中的正确答案与原句意思完全相同,只不过用其他英语词汇换种 表达而已。 (2)句子理解题的干扰项特征:推得过远。做题时应把握住推的度。
D.Lose the interest to continue learning.
分析:Step 1返回原文→找出出题的词汇run out of steam。
Step 2确定词性→确定该短语为动词词组。
Step 3带入原文→根据画线部分后作者说的“我谈论的是那些已经不再学习成长的
人,因为他们已经接受了固定的态度和观点,这些都是随着时间的流逝而来的”可