2021届课标版高考英语一轮复习第二部分专题四冠词和名词

专题四冠词和名词
考点1不定冠词的用法
典例 1 [2019 湖北黄冈高三质量检测，68]Confucius was extraordinary educator and
philosopher, and founded Confucianism.
解析，句意:孔子是一位杰出的教育家和哲学家，他创立了儒家学说。

此处表泛指，且extraordinary 的发音以元音音素开头，故应用不定冠词an。

答案* an an
苣含有不定冠词的习惯搭配★★★
典例 2 Li Hua has good knowledge of English and this will be advantage over
others when he looks for job.
舞折'句意:李华精通英语，这将是他找工作时比别人有优势的地方。

第一空用a, have a good knowledge of
表示"精通... ";第二空用an,此处表示泛指，且advantage 的发音以元音音素开头；第三空用a,表示泛指，且job的发音以辅音音素开头。

邑案a; an; a
不定冠词的活用★★★
典例 3 [2019 河北衡水中学高三一调，55] splendid Hangzhou is waiting to see you in 2022.
IWr* Hangzhou 是专有名词，其前有形容词splendid修饰，且splendid的发音以辅音音素开头，故此处应用
不定冠词a,表示"一个极好的杭州"。

注意此处冠词a应大写。

答。

A
考点2定冠词的用法
E定冠词的基本用法★★★
典区ij 4 We should treasure every moment of sincerity and gratefulness because best things will be gone very easily.
解析,此处表示"最好的东西很容易失去"，空后有形容词最高级best,故要用定冠词the o
答案-ha
the
典例 5 There' s no such thing as living alone. Never mind if you ' re only person in your
house and have no dog, no cat, and even no fish.
解析,本空后面有"only+单数名词"，因此用定冠词the。

答*he
典区J 6 Today, the Long March for us is to achieve the "Two Centenary Goals" as well as Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation（复兴）.
解析,Chinese Dream 为普通名词构成的专有名词，因此其前用定冠词。

Y the
苣含有定冠词的习惯搭配★★★
典区J 7 [2019 辽宁六校高三联考，70]The author shows the extreme struggle of the characters in face of hardships, and describes the truth, the good and the beauty in human nature.
・析卜句意:作者表现了人物面对苦难时的极端挣扎，描写了人性的真善美。

in the face of为固定搭配，表示"面
X寸'，故填the
考点4名词的数
U 可数名词★★★
典区J 8 [2019 河北石家庄二模，69]But recent
(study) have shown that it might be more
common than experts thought.
解析,根据句子结构可知，所填词在句中作主语，谓语为have shown,所以主语应用复数形式。

study 变复数形 式时，要变-y
为-i 再加-es 。

答鼠 studies
典例 9 — Where did you two have your
(stomach) examined?
一At the doctor ' s.We were examined by two famous (German).
解析,第一空指的是两个人的胃，所以stomach 要用复数形式，又因为此单词中-ch 的发音为/k/,所以此单词 变复数时要在后面加-s;由答语中的two 可知,第二空所填词表示复数概念，German 的复数形式为Germans 。

stomachs; Germans
考点5名词所有格
U -' S 所有格★★★
典例 10 Since most students are in need of a nap, proper arrangements should be made so that students can have a good rest after a
whole
解析'此处表示"一整个上午的努力学习之后"，应填名词所有格
morning 答案，morning ' s
考查冠词的基本用法
nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are
declining, six (are) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
解析.句意:在这19个已知的北极熊亚种群中，有3个正在减少,6个保持稳定,1个在增长，还有9个缺乏足够的
数据。

由语境可知，此处表示特指，故填定冠词the o
答. the
.考法总结 考查了定冠词表示"特指"的基本用法。

语法填空和短文改错涉及定冠词和不定冠词的题目 ，一般 都是考查
其基本用法。

考法2 考查冠词的常用搭配
典例 12 [2018 全国 m ,62]Unexpectedly, I' m face -to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at top of her lungs.
解析,句意：出人意料的是，我和那只大猩猩面对面，她开始声嘶力竭地尖叫。

at the top of 为固定搭配。

答案。

a
0 — the
.考法总结含有冠词的某些搭配是固定的，因此考生要尽量多记一些这样的常用搭配 ，才能在考试中游刃有
余。

考法3
考查语境中名词的数和词形转换
典例 13 [2019 北京，6]No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various
(activity) on Earth Day.
解析.句意:无论你喜欢做什么，总有一种方式可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。

根据句意、句子结构以及空前
的various 可知，空处填复数名词activities,表示泛指。

activities
・考法总结考查了名词的数。

解答有关可数名词单复数的题目要注意两点 ：(1)名词前若有many, (a) few,
several, all, various( 如本题)修饰，名词要用复数形式；(2)若谓语动词为are, were, have 等，作主语的名词一般 要用复数形式。

答翼the
(morning) hard work.
典区J 11 [2019 全国 I ,69]Of
典例14 [2017 丙卷(全国W ),46]She is determined to carry
on with her (educate).
集折'考查词形转换。

形容词性物主代词her后应用educate的名词形式，故填education。

答案education
・考法总结考查了词形转换(动词转换为名词，因此，考生对提示词加后缀变为名词的知识要多加关注。

释疑难・易混易错
难点1 冠词使用情况的对比
典例15 When did you last meet her?
I don ' t remember exactly ,but I ' m sure it was unforgettable Friday when I went for a walk after wonderful lunch.
解析.此处Friday和lunch前都有形容词修饰，且两处均表示泛指，所以均用不定冠词。

unforgettable 的发音以元音音素开头，故其前应用an;wonderful的发音以辅音音素开头，故其前用a。

答集an; a
难点2 名词的"数"的判断
典例16 [2020 江西临川一中适应性考试,61]One is Smartkins Animals, which helps many
(child) identify more than 100 animals and the other is Rainbow Colors, which teaches kids colors.
解析，句意:一个是Smartkins Animals, 它帮助许多孩子识别100多种动物，另一个是Rainbow Colors,它教孩
子们颜色。

根据空前的many可知，空处应该用child的复数形式，注意child变复数形式是在其后加-ren。

children
明方法,高分突破
方法1 弄清名词的数，考虑特指或泛指
典例17 Of the two apples, which one do you prefer?
一bigger one. It is most delicious one, I think.
解析’第一空用The,特指两个苹果中较大的那个第二空用a,此处most表示"很，非常"，因为比较对象只有两个
所以第二空不能用the。

答集The; a
方法2 理清题意，牢记固定搭配
典例18 [2019 山东淄博二模，69]Moxibustion( 艾灸)normally refers to placing moxa(艾)directly on acupoints( 穴位)or holding moxa sticks at distance to warm the body.
解析.句意:艾灸通常是指将艾直接放在穴位上或持着艾条隔着一段距离暖身。

at a distance为固定搭配，意为
"离一段距离"。

易混短语in the distance 表示"在远处在远方"。

答.a
方法3 确定名词考点，注意搭配并掌握词缀
典区J 19 But much like other sports events, a lot of professional (compete)rule the triathlon world. 睇析〉根据语境和professional可知，本空用提示词的名词形式competitor"参赛者"，再结合a lot of以及谓
语动词rule可知要用其复数形式。

答案competitors
酩习思用•BC噬检测- I
1. [2019 全国m ,66]When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting
（compete） to watch, together with the story behind it.
2.[2019 浙;X 6 月，57]Everybody wears same style of clothes.
3.[2018 浙yX 11 月，64]One study showed that （woman） who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely to have children with birth defects.
4.[2017 甲卷（全国口）,61]It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible （crowd） on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.
5.[2017 丙卷（全国W ）,62]Instead, she is earning £ 6,500 a day as model in New York.
6.[2017 浙江11 月，56]Like many things in life, it ' s_______________________ongoing process, and the best part of
the process is that there ' s enough room for improvement...
7.[2017 浙;工 6 月,56]Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small
（carrot） and was about to throw them away.
8.[2016 乙卷（全国I ）,69]The nursery team switches him every few （day） with his sister...
9.[2016 甲卷（全国口）,62]Then, handle the most important tasks first so you ' ll feel a real sense of （achieve）.
10. [2016 甲卷（全国n ）,68]Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
11. [2016 浙yX 6 月,2]prize for the winner of the competition is two-week holiday
in Paris.
12. [2015 重庆,3]I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman wearing a mask.
13. [2019 全国I 改错]To everyone ' s surprising） the ball went into the net.
14. [2019 全国口改错]Since I was a kid, I ' ve considered different job I would like to do.
15. [2017 乙卷（全国I ）改错]I still remember how hard first day was.
16. [2017 甲卷（全国口）改错]Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.
趣的比赛，以及它背后的故事。

根据know of an interesting 可知，空处应填名词单数形式，作know of 的宾语。

2 .the 根据语境和 same 可知，此处用the 表示特指，the same style of clothes 表示"同样款式的衣服"。

3 .women 结合"they were pregnant" 以及that 引导的宾语从句的谓语动词 were 可知，此处要用 woman 的复数形式 women 。

4 .crowds 考查名词的单复数。

crowd （人群）为可数名词，且其前没有限定词修饰，故此处用复数形式。

5 .a model 是可数名词，其发音以辅音音素开头且此处表泛指 ，故填a 。

6 .an 此处表示"它是一个持续的过程"，表示泛指，应用不定冠词；又因为ongoing 的发音以元音音素开头，故填 不定冠
词an 。

7 .carrots
根据上文的"a handful of" 及后文的代词them 可知，此处表示"一把小胡萝卜",所以应用carrot 的
复数形式。

8 .days few 修饰可数名词复数，故此空填days 。

every few days 意为"每几天"。

9 .achievement 句意:接下来，首先处理最重要的工作，这样你会有一种真正的成就感。

介词 of 后应用名词,a real sense of achievement 意为"一种真正的成就感 "。

10 .a for a while 意为"一会儿"，为固定搭配。

11 .The;a 句意:这次比赛获胜者的奖励是在巴黎度假两周。

第一空
，根据"forthe winner of the
competition" 可知，prize 是特指，故用The;第二空，泛指"一次两周的度假"，且two-week
的发音以辅音音素开
头，故填不定冠词a 。

12 .the; a 句意:我刚听说Dora 工作的银行被一个戴着面罩的持枪歹徒抢劫了。

第一空，where 引导的定语从
句修饰bank,由此可知，这里特指Dora 工作的银行，故用定冠词；第二空，泛指"一个持枪歹徒",因此用不定冠 词a 。

13
.surprising fsurprise to one ' s surprise 意为"使某人惊讶的是"，为固定搭配，one ' s 之后应接名词，故 把 surprising 改
为 surprise 。

14
.job -jobs job"工作"为可数名词，其前的different 说明此处为复数概念，故用job 的复数形式，所以将job 改为jobs 。

15 .在first day 前加the 或my 由序数词first 可知，其前应加定冠词the 。

此处也可用形容词性物主代词 my ,
rmations finformation 考查名词的数。

information
为不可数名词，无复数形式。

「competition ［习思用•真题检测
句意：当他们没有工作的时候，他们邀请我们参加当地的活动 ，让我们知道一个可以观看的有。