分词作状语

extra pay.
working
3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find
the city more beautiful. Seeing
4. Generally speak, facial expressions are
helpful communications, too. speaking
Having done the work, he went home. 完成 了工作，他就回家了。
分词作状语
1.作时间状语 2.作原因状语 3. 作伴随状语
1）Having finished his homework, he went to play football.
2) Hearing the news, they got excited. 1）Not knowing his address, she went to a policeman for help.
(=Since you are a student, you should study hard.） 由于想到它或许在家，所以我就给他打了电话。 Thinking he might be at home, I called him.
(As I thought he might be at home, I called him.)
5)表条件 Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.) 一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色的房子。
W__a_l_k_i_n_g_a_h_e_a_d__, you will see a white house.
意义
与句中主语构成逻辑 上的主谓关系，与句 中谓语动词同时发生， 或基本上同时发生。
与句中主语构成逻辑 上的主谓关系，先于 谓语动词发生。
与句中主语构成逻辑 上的动宾关系
being+v.-ed (being done)
与句中主语构成逻辑 上的动宾关系,且与谓 语动词同时发生，一 般作原因状语置于句 首。
5.__A____ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.
A. Not knowing
B. knowing not
C. Not having known D. Having not known
4) 表结果
Eg. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with
her younger brother.
(=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with
her younger brother.) 全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢 迎的歌曲。 The song is sung all over the country,__m_a_k__in_g__it_t_h_e__m_o_s_t_p_o_p_u__la_r_s_o_n_g____.
Using your head, you’ll find a good
way.
条件
3) Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.
条件
4) The boy sat in front of the farm-
house, cutting the branch. 伴随
5) He came running back to tell me the
5. “ Can’t you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.
pointing 6. Knocking at the door before entering, please. Knock 7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world. making
Practise:
(1)They set out _B___ for the ____ boy.
A. searching; losing B. searching; lost
C. to search; lost D. searched; losing
(2) The student sat there, __D__ what to do.
2) Being ill, he was late for school.
1) He stood against the door, reading a newspaper. (表伴随情况)
2) I stayed up very late, preparing my speech.(说明细节情况)
4.作条件状语 1）Given a chance, I can surprise the world. 2) Seen from the top of the hill, our school looks very beautiful.
现在分词作原因状语，分词结构中否 定词通常放在现在分词前面。
单句改错
1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell
you what I think of it. Not having 2. The men worked for extra hours got an
注：现在分词作结果状语，表示由谓语 动词部分所造成的结果。
1）表时间状语
Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.)
A. doesn’t knowing B. didn’t knowing
C. not know
D. not knowing
现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的 前面加not (never)
(3)He sat there _B____ , with his head on his hand. A. and think B. thinking C. thought D. being thought
While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.
2)
表原因状语
Being ill, he didn’t go to school.
既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习。 Being a student, you should study hard.
6)表让步
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
1) Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.
( 伴随动作)
2) Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set. (原因)
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily point D. and angrily pointing
现在分词作伴随状语
4. __C__ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 作原因状语
news.
方式
6) (When) Hearing the news, he got frightened. = When he heard the news, he got frightened.
(时间, 可以在分词前保留when )
7) The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. 结果
2.European football is played in 80 countries, ___A___ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. Making B. makes 现C在. 分ma词d表e 结D.果to状m语ake
3. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ___A____ to the notice.
having been+v-ed (having been done)
与句中主语构成逻辑 上的动宾关系,且先于 谓语动词发生。
2.分词作状语的基本原则
1）分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与 句子的主语保持一致。
2）分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上 的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词 作状语。
1）Being ill, he didn’t go to school.
5.作让步状语 Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
6.作结果状语 1）She was caught in a heavy rain, falling ill. 2) The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces.
高考链接
1.The secretary worked late into the night, _B____a long speech for the president.
A. To prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 现在分词作伴随状语
作伴随状语的分词表示的动作必须是主语的一个动作或是与谓语所表示的动作或状态同时发生或是对谓语表示的动词或状态作进一步地补充说明
分词作状语
分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个 句子，表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、 结果、条件、伴随状况等。
1.分词作状语形式的选择
形式 v.ing (doing)
Having+v.-ed (having done) v.-ed (done)
3)表方式、伴随情况的状语 ：作伴随状语的分 词表示的动作，必须是主语的一个 动作，或是 与谓语所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生，或 是对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补 充说明。
Eg. He sat on the sofa, watching TV.
(=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.)
2) Given much more time, he would do it better.
Eg. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. （听见和进入两个动 作同时发生）
The building being built now is our new library. （being built为现在分词的被动形 式，表示动作正在进行之中。）
Байду номын сангаас
他们笑着谈着走进了教室。 _L_a_u_g_h_i_n_g_a_n_d__t_a_lk_i_n_g, they went into the classroom. 他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。 He stood leaning against the wall.(＝He stood and leaned against the wall.)