崇明2019届高三英语一模答案
上海市崇明区2019届高三上学期第一次模拟考试英语试题 含解析
崇明区2019届第一次高考模拟考试试卷英语(考试时间120分钟，满分140分。
请将答案填写在答题纸上)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.音频A. In a charity shop.B. In a laundry.C. In a dormitory.D. In a clothing store. 【答案】B【解析】【详解】M: Excuse me, but I’d like to have this shirt washed and ironed.W: OK, sir. Your shirt will be ready by Thursday morning. Anything else?Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?2.音频A. $114.B. $86.C. $14.D. $43.【答案】D【解析】【详解】W: Here’s a 100-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonight’s show, please. M: Sure. Two tickets and here’s 14 dollars’ change.Q: How much does one ticket cost?3.音频A. A librarian.B. A secretary.C. A reporter.D. An accountant.【答案】D【解析】【详解】W: How do you like your new job, Bill?M: Fine. This week I have been reading the reports and studying the accounting books. Next week I will probably get down to the accounts.Q: What is most probably the man’s job?4.音频A. Purchase some ingredients.B. Give the man instructions for the soup.C. Check to see if the soup is ready.D. Write down the directions to the supermarket. 【答案】B【解析】【详解】M: The soup is delicious. I’d love to be able to make it myself.W: Why not? You can get all the ingredients at any supermarket. Here, let me get a pencil and paper.Q: What will the woman probably do next?5.音频A. Chocolate is his favourite flavour.B. Ther e’s no more chocolate pudding left.C. He doesn’t want any chocolate pudding.D. He’s already tasted the chocolate pudding.【答案】C【解析】【详解】W: Umm…are you going to try some of this chocolate pudding? It’s incredible. M: Well, to be honest with you, I’ve never been a fan of chocolate.Q: What does the man mean?6.音频A. She hasn’t called the travel agency yet.B. She doesn’t know when her semester ends.C. The man may have to reschedule his trip.D. The man should take his vacation somewhere else.【答案】C【解析】【详解】M: I just called the travel agent. It’s all set. On July 1st, I’m heading for the mountains.W: Have you checked the academic calendar carefully? You know my class won’t be over till July 7th.Q: What does the woman mean?7.音频A. Get a ticket from his sister.B. Help his sister out of her conflict.C. Go to the concert with his sister.D. Get a schedule of future performances. 【答案】A【解析】【详解】W: The state orchestra is coming to town next weekend, but it’s a pity I can’t find a ticket anywhere.M: You know, my sister just happens to have one and she can’t go due to a conflict in her schedule.Q: What does the man imply the woman should do?8.音频A. Meet his advisor.B. Track his adviser.C. Adjust his course schedule.D. Follow his course schedule as advised.【答案】A【解析】【详解】M: I already know what I want to take next semester. So why do I have to make an appointment to see my advisor? All I need is her signature on my course schedule. W: I’m afraid it doesn’t work that way. She has t o talk with you to make sure everything is on the right track.Q: What does the woman advise the man to do?9.音频A. He has already paid his landlord for next year’s rent.B. He’s decided how he’s going to spend the prize money.C. He doesn’t know how muc h his rent is going to increase.D. He’s already planning to enter for next year’s essay contest.【答案】B【解析】【详解】W: Hey, congratulations on winning the essay contest. That thousand-dollar prizemoney should really be useful.M: You bet! I’ve already put it aside to cover the increase my landlord just announced for next year.Q: What does the man mean?10.音频A. The man can use her electronic dictionary.B. The man should buy a new paper dictionary.C. She can show the man how to use the dictionary.D. She will work more efficiently with his dictionary.【答案】A【解析】【详解】M: I wish I had an electronic dictionary, too. It’s really inconvenient to use the paper dictionary.W: Would it make things go faster if you borrow mine?Q: What does the woman mean?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions are based on the following passage.音频11.A. Napping may help prevent seniors’ memory loss.B. Sleep is good for us both mentally and physically.C. Many Americans do not want to admit they take a nap.D. Taking naps is very common in other parts of the world.12.A. They are afraid of becoming lazy.B. They don’t think napping is common.C. They are too energet ic to need a nap.D. They don’t want to be considered weak.13.A. Napping is not as effective for people with sleep disorders.B. Napping cafes have been quite common in American cities.C. Resting in the middle of the work day may cost a lot of money.D. Many Americans are changing their offices into napping rooms.【答案】11. A 12. D 13. A【解析】March 16 is International Sleep Day. And we should all celebrate the act of sleeping. Studies have shown that a good night’s rest helps us stay healthy, bot h mentally and physically. And researchers say sleep is probably the best tool we have for memory and learning.But what about getting rest during the middle of the day? Short periods of sleep may help older people fight off age-related memory loss, says a recent study on napping.Many Americans do nap. But one-third of all adults in the United States have sleep disorders. So, someone who naps as a way of paying off a sleep debt may not experience the same improvements from napping as a healthy, well-rested person would.Also, many people may not want to admit that they take a nap. They may think that napping shows they are weak or lack energy. That only children, the very old, sick or lazy people nap is not an uncommon opinion.However, that may be changing. Many offices now offer napping rooms, and napping cafes are appearing in many U.S. cities, including Washington, D.C.While resting in the middle of the work day may seem like a luxury to Americans, napping is very much part of a normal, everyday life in other parts of the world.Questions:What does the recent study show?Why do many Americans refuse to admit they take a nap?What is implied in the passage?【11题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
2019年上海市崇明区高考英语一模试卷
2019 年上海市崇明区高考英语一模试卷Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections ：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end ofeach conversation， a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it ，read the four possibleanswers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．（1.5 分）A．In a charity shop ．B．In a laundryC．In a dormitory ．D．In a clothing store ．2．（1.5 分）A．﹩114．B．﹩86．C．﹩14．D．﹩43．3．（1.5 分）A． A librarian ．В． A secretary．C． A reporter ．D．An accountant ．4．（1.5 分）A．Purchase some ingredientsB．Give the man instructions for the soup ．C．Check to see if the soup is ready．D．Write down the directions to the supermarket ．5．（1.5 分）A．Chocolate is his favourite flavor ．B．There's no more chocolate pudding left ．C．He doesn't want any chocolate pudding ．D．He's already tasted the chocolate pudding．6．（1.5 分）A．She hasn't called the travel agency yet．B．She doesn't know when her semester ends．C．The man may have to reschedule his trip ．D．The man should take his vacation somewhere else．7．（1.5 分）A．Get a ticket from his sister ．B．Help his sister out of her conflict ．C．Go to the concert with his sister ．D．Get a schedule of future performances ．8．（1.5 分）A．Meet his advisor ．B．Track his adviserC．Adjust his course scheduleD．Follow his course schedule as advised．9．（1.5 分）A．He has already paid his landlord for next year's rent ．B．He's decided how he's going to spend the prize money ．C．He doesn't know how much his rent is going to increase ．D．He's already planning to enter for next year's essay contest 10．（1.5 分）A ．The man can use her electronic dictionary ．B．The man should buy a new paper dictionary ．C．She can show the man how to use the dictionaryD．She will work more efficiently with his dictionary ．11．（4.5 分）（1）A ．Napping may help prevent seniors' memory loss B．Sleep is good for us both mentally and physically ．C．Many Americans do not want to admit they take a nap ．D．Taking naps is very common in other parts of the world ．（2）A．They are afraid of becoming lazy ．B．They don't think napping is common ．C．They are too energetic to need a nap．D．They don't want to be considered weak ．（3）A．Napping is not as effective for people with sleep disorders ．B．Napping cafes have been quite common in American cities ．C．Resting in the middle of the work day may cost a lot of moneyD．Many Americans are changing their offices into napping rooms 12．（4.5 分）（1）A． A recent survey on unfriendly neighbours ．B． A growth in complaints about neighbours ．C．The increasing noises made by neighbours．D．Different views on relations between neighbours ．（2）A．Selfish attitudes ．B．High immigration ．C．More crowded space ．D．Unwillingness to socialize ．（3）A．We ought to understand the instances better．B．Explanations for the instances have increased．C．It's easier to make complaints on TV channels ．D．The problem can be viewed from another angle ．13．（6 分）（1）A．The place to buy soap．B．The plans to survive on the campus．C．The way to use drying machines ．D．The steps to wash clothes with machines（2）A．It can promote bacteria growth ．B．It can produce dirt in the clothes ．C．It can be a waste of water and soap．D．It can leave bubbles in the machine（3）A．Excited ．B．Shocked．C．DisappointedD．Embarrassed（4）A．The woman's mother seldom does things for her ．B．American kids become independent even before ten ．C．The man and the woman are from different countries ．D．In the eye of the man's mother ，independence is important．II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections ：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of thegiven word ；for the other blanks ，use one word that best fits each blank.14．（15 分）Electric Bike Ban in New York Hurts Food Delivery WorkersA ban on electric bieycles in New York City is hurting delivery workers who depend onthem to earn a living ．Many of the workers are immigrants ．Electric bicycles ，or "e ﹣bikes，" look like regular bicycles ，but they have electric ﹣powered motors to assist riders in moving the bike forward ．Most e ﹣bikes reach speeds of about 32 kilometers an hour ，but some can go much （1）（fast）．（2）it is legal to own e ﹣bikes in New York City ，it is not legal to operate them．Officials there consider the dangerous use of e ﹣bikes on streets and sidewalks as the reason （3）the ban．Last year，the city announced severe measures （4）（mean）to hold e﹣bike riders and restaurant that employ the riders responsible ．E﹣bike operators can now be fined $500 for breaking the ban．The police （5）also seize the bikes．Many of New York's delivery workers are Chinese immigrants in their 50s and 60s．Their job requires them to work quickly and for long hours （6）（earn）enough money to live on ．Delivery worker Deging Lian said it is important to perform quality work （7）their job also depends on tips ．He added that when delivery workers are too slow ，some people refuse to pay for the food ，which makes the workers' supervisors angry ．Ligiang Liu is an e ﹣bike delivery worker and spokesperson for the New York Delivery Workers Union ．He says（8）（catch）breaking the ban and having the bike seized would cause costly delays for workers ．Do Lee is with the Biking Public Project ，（9）provides assistance to bicycle ﹣related workers in New York City ．He says the city's ban on e ﹣bikes is unfairly targeting low ﹣paid workers who largely come from the city's Latino and Asian communities ．He does not accept the argument （10）e﹣bikes present a danger to citizens ．However ，many New Yorkers are quick to blame e ﹣bike riders for not being safe ．Section BDirections：After reading the passage below，fill in each blank with a properword given in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word morethan you need.15．（3 分）A．overate B．precious C．rate D．researchersE．impression F．previous G．presentedH．interpret I ．goers J．revealed K．consumerPeople Think Meals Taste Better If They Are ExpensiveIt is said that there's no such thing as a free lunch，but even if you manage to bag a bargain meal，it will not taste as good as a more expensive meal ，according to scientists．A new study has found that restaurant （1）who pay more for their meals thinkthe food is tastier than if it is offered for a smaller price ．The experts think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their （2）of how food tastes ．Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffer （自助餐）in a restaurant．The price of the food was set by the （3）at either ﹩4 or ﹩8 for the all﹣you﹣can﹣eat meal．Customers were asked to （4）how good the food tasted，the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names ．The experiment （5）that the people who paid ﹩8 for the food enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the "cheaper" buffet ．Interestingly those that paid for the ﹩4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they （6）．However ，the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total ，according to the study （7）at the Experimental Biology meeting this week．Brian Wansink ，a professor of （8）behaviour at the university ，said："We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats ，but a huge impact on how you （9）the experience．" He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals ．In a（n）（10）study，scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories （卡路里）than people who eat in brightly lit areas．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections ：For each blank in the following passagethere are four words or phrases marked A ，B，Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word orphrase that best fits the context.16．（15 分）How Climate Change Affects Airline FlightsHot weather has forced dozens of commercial flights to be canceled at airports in the Southwest this summer．This flight ﹣disturbing （1）is a warning sign．Climate change is projected to have far﹣reaching （2）﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣including sea level rise flooding cities and shifting weather patterns causing long ﹣term declines in agricultural production ．And there is evidence that it is beginning to affect the takeoff performance of commercial aircraft with potential effects on airline （3）．National and global transportation systems and the economic activity they support have beer﹣designed for the climate in which it all developed ．In the aviation （航空）industry ，airports and aircraft are designed for the weather conditions experienced （ 4 ）Because the climate is changing even fundamental elements like airports and key economic parts like air transportation may need to be （5）As scientists focused on the impacts of climate change and extreme weather on human society and natural ecosystems around the world ，our research has quantified how extreme heat associated with our warming climate may affect （6）around the world ．We've found that major airports from New York to Dubai to Bangkok will see more fre quent takeoff weight （7）in the coming decades due to increasingly common hot temperatures ，which can help reduce the aircraft's weight so as to lower its required takeoff speed ．There is obvious evidence that extreme events such as heat waves and coastal flooding are happening with greater frequency and intensity than just a few decades ago ．And if we （8）to reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly in the next few decades ，the frequency and intensity or these extremes is projected to increase dramatically ．The（9）on aviation may be widespread．Many airports are built near sea level ，puttingthem at risk of more frequent （10）as oceans rise．The frequency and intensity of violent air movement may increase in some regions due to strengthening high ﹣altitude （高海拔的）winds ．Stronger winds would force airlines and pilots to change flight lengths and routings ，potentially increasing fuel （11）．Many departments of the economy，including the aviation industry ，have yet to seriously （12）the effects of climate change ．The sooner，the better：Both airport construction and aircraft design take decades ，and have （13）effects．Today's newest planes may well be flying in 40 or 50 years，and their （14）are being designed now．The earlier climate impacts are understood and appreciated，the more effective and less costly adaptations can be ．Those adaptations may even include innovative ways to dramatically reduce climate ﹣altering emissions across the aviation industry ，which would help reduce the problem while also （15）it．（1）A．scheme B．heat C．shift D．mess（2）A．contributions B．confusion C．feedbacks D．consequences （3）A．pilots B．reservations C．costs D．accidents（4）A．historically B．enormously C．fundamentally D．domestically （5）A．retested B．implemented C．prospected D．reengineered （6）A．travels B．developments C．flights D．communications （7）A．disorders B．gains C．bans D．restrictions （8）A．happen B．fail C．aim D．promise（9）A．taxes B．effects C．viewpoints D．comments（10）A．flooding B．rotting C．repairing D．transferring （11）A ．standard B．efficiency C．distribution D．consumption （12）A．consider B．avoid C．maximize D．demonstrate （13）A．greater B．different C．lasting D．direct（14）A．airports B．products C．contracts D．replacements （15）A．sneezing at B．responding to D．recovering from C．resulting in Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by severalquestions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ，B，C and D. Choose the onethat fits best according to the information given in the passage youhave just read.17．（8 分）Flu is killing us ．The usual response to the annual flu is not enough to fight against the risks we currently face ，let alone prepare us for an even deadlier widespread flu that most experts agree will come in the future ．Yes，we have an annual vaccine （疫苗），and everyone qualified should get it without question ．The reality ，however，is that less than half Americans get the flu vaccines ．And the flu vaccines we have are only 60% effective in the best years and 10% effective in the worst years ．We urgently need a much more effective flu vaccine ．In the U．S．alone，seasonal flu can cause up to 36million infections ，three﹣quarters of a million hospitalizations and 56 ，000 deaths．We are not investing the resources needed to protect ourselves，our loved ones and our communitiesWhy not？We haven't been hit by a truly destructive widespread disease in a long time．So as individuals，we let down our guard as our leaders quietly defund and destaff the services we need to protect us．The risk of continued foot dragging is huge．In a severe widespread disease，the U．S．health care system could be defeated in just weeks ．Millions of people would be infected by the virus ，and would die in the weeks and months following the initial outbreak ．The cost of preventing epidemics （流行病）is roughly a tenth of what it costs to cope with themwhen they hit ．In 2012 ， a call was issued for an annual billion ﹣dollar U．S．commitment to the development of a universal flu vaccine ．Six years later，the search for a universal vaccine remains seriously underfunded ．The simple reason lies in our collective satisfaction ．As soon as headlines about the flu are going to hospitals are emptied of flu patients ，and school and workplace absence rates decline，we go back to business as usual．Leading scientists and public health officials have the capability to keep us much safer from flu ．They need your quick and decisive support to succeed ．Your action today may be a matter of life and death for you and your loved ones（1）The problem of the current flu vaccines is that ．A ．they are not available every yearB．most Americans are not allowed to get themC．not everyone is qualified for themD．many people still catch flu after getting them（2）What does the author mean by "continued foot dragging" in Paragraph 4 ？A ．Hospitals cannot meet the needs of patients during flu outbreaks ．B．The leaders continue to drag the feet of the patients infected with flu ．C．Individuals aren't alert enough to the underinvestment in flu prevention ．D．Flu will certainly become a severe widespread disease in the near future ．（3）What can be inferred from the passage？A ．Science is currently not so developed as to keep us safer from flu ．B．The death rate from flu is much higher than that from other diseases ．C．The general public is partially to blame for the neglect of flu prevention ．D．Developing a universal flu vaccine will cost more than dealing with flu ．（4）The author wrote the passage mainly to ．A ．teach people more effective ways to fight against fluB．call on people to take flu outbreaks far more seriouslyC．encourage medical scientists to develop more flu vaccineD．urge the government to publicize the risks of widespread flu18．（6 分）How to get your tax refundAt the storeGet a Global Blue Tax Free Form ．If you do not have a SHOP TAX FREE Card ，see "How to fil in your Tax Free Forms" ．Make sure your Tax Free Form is filled in before arriving at the point of departure ．Remember no refund without ：Completed Receipts CustomsForm attached validation （验证）At the point of departureFor non﹣EU residents onlyGoods carried in checked﹣in luggage：1．Check your luggage in at the check ﹣in counter，tell the check﹣in clerk you need it back for Customs purposes．2．Take the labelled luggage to Customs ，show the goods，and have your Tax Free Forms stamped3．Cash in your stamped Form at the appropriate refund service providerGoods carried in hand luggage：1．Go to Customs after passport control ，show the goods ，and have your Tax Free Forms stamped．Please note：Customs clearance of goods in hand luggage can only take place at the last EU airport before you finally leave the EU ．2．Cash in your stamped Form at the appropriate bank counter or post it to the appropriate refund service provider ．Allow time for the refund process．Go to Customs before or after check﹣in，see Refund Office list．Present your completed Tax Free Forms，receipts，passport，and purchased items to get a stamp．Go to a Refund Office displaying the Global Blue logo （标识）．Receive your refund paid to your credit card within five days or in cash ．In a rush？Mail your stamped and completed Tax Free Forms and receipts back to us in the envelope provided and get your refund paid to your credit card within three weeks ．*EU ：European Union（1）Whom is the above information intended for ？A ．EU residents who want to get their tax refunded ．B．Non﹣EU residents who are going to travel in EU ．C．EU residents who have Global Blue Tax Free Forms ．D．Non﹣EU residents who are leaving EU after purchases ．（2）To get your tax refund ，you need to after having your luggage checked in if you've put your purchased goods in your check ﹣in luggage．A ．show your purchased goods to the check﹣in clerkB．cash in your stamped Form at the check ﹣in counter．C．take back your luggage to the Customs to get a stampD．go to the Customs to fill in a form without the luggage（3）What can be learned from the passage？A ．It's a must to attach the receipts to the form to get your tax refund ．B．It's unnecessary to show your passport to the Customs for a stamp ．C．You can get your refund in cash after posting your form if in a hurry ．D．You can get your refund by credit card at once at the appropriate counter ．19．（8 分）A portrait created by artificial intelligence ，or Al ，made a historic appearance on the auction （拍卖）block at Christie's in New York City this week ．It is the first artwork created by an algorithm （算法）to be offered for auction in the world of fine art ．The odd﹣looking painting of a fictitious man in a dark coat left the auction block at Christie's for ﹩432，500 on Oct．25 in New York City ．The portrait designed in the "Old Master" style of European fine artists from centuries ago appears to represent a man with a vague face，dressed in clothing similar to that worn by people painted by the Dutch artist Rembrandt van Rijn in the 17th century ．Of course，a computer didn't automatically pick up a brush and become an artist ．The Al that created the image had human programmers ﹣ a Parisian art collective called Obvious ，Christie's reported．Their cooperation ，titled "Portrait of Edmond De Belamy ，" is part of a series of paintings of the fictional Belamy family and was expected to fetch ﹩7，000 to﹩10，000，according to Christie's ．To create the portrait ，the Obvious team first fed the network a diet of 15.000 images painted between the 14th and 20th centuries，to train it to recognize visual elements in fine art ，Obvious artist Hugo Caselles ﹣Duprétold Christie's ．The algorithm that eventually created an original image had two parts that worked against each other ．called the Generator （that makes the art）and a Discriminator （that tries to spot the difference between human ﹣created and Al ﹣created images），Caselles﹣Dupréexplained；they called this Al "generative adversarial network" （GAN ），Caselles﹣Dupréexplained．GAN's final image was then printed and framed ，according to Obvious ．At the bottom of the portrait is a mathematical formula （公式）representing the algorithm that created it ，a nod to the relationship between the Generator and the Discriminator ，Obvious artists wrote on the collective's website ．The goal of the painting and of Obvious ，also co﹣founded by Hugo Caselles ﹣Dupréand Gauthier Vernier，was to prove "artificial intelligence can do more than operate driverless cars or transform manufacturing it can be creative ．，" Consumer News and Business Channel reported．Portraiture is a tough task for Al to take on ，according to Christie's ，"since humans are highly accustomed to the curves and complexities of a face in a way that a machine cannot be．" This difficulty was part of Obvious' thinking when they created the portrait ．"Edmond de Belamy" is one of eleven Al paintings made by Obvious ．（1）It can be learned from the passage that the portrait "Edmond de Belamy" ．A ．was sold at an unexpectedly high priceB．was the first artwork sold at an auctionC．is a painting created by means of brushD．is a man who once appeared at the auction（2）To create a portrait，Al needs to ．A ．learn from plenty of imagesB．use an algorithm with many partsC．work against human paintersD．recognize its human programmers（3）What can be concluded from the passage？A ．The mathematical formula at the bottom of the portrait is meaningless ．B．The portrait was made to prove algorithms are able to imitate creativity ．C．It is more difficult for Al to operate driverless cars than to paint a portrait ．D．Al is better at painting the curves and complexities of a face than a human ．（4）The passage mainly tells us that ．A ．Al will soon replace man in some fieldsB．an Al ﹣created portrait sells high at an auctionC． a proper algorithm is the key for Al to create carD．Al ﹣created paintings are better received at auctionsSection CDirections：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentencegiven in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentencesthan you need.20．（6 分）A ．It's that long ﹣term exposure that experts find most worrisome ．B．Car manufacturers are unaware of standards regulating air quality inside new cars ．C．This is when components are still unstable and tend towards what is called off ﹣gassing．D．Just reading a list of the substances is scary enough，and the danger of exposure is scarierstill ．E．The source of the smell so many buyers find appealing is in the various substances used incar constructionF．Fortunately ，high concentrations of these compounds gradually disappear just a fewmonths after manufacture ．Is New﹣car Smell Bad for Your Health ？The smell of a new car can be appealing in showrooms，for which there's a good reason．That new car smell comes from a mixture of chemicals ，some of which can be highly poisonous．（1）Many of these contain volatile （挥发性的）organic compounds （VOCs ），some of which can be deadly in sufficient quantities ．Others are just bad for you ．"It's a chemical cocktail made up of lots of poisonous substances ，" said Jeff Gearhart ，Research Director of the Ecology Center in the US state of Michigan ．The Ecology Center has been monitoring and testing chemical levels in the inside of the car for years ，and has noted some improvement．But Gearhart says there is still work to be done ．"There are over 200 chemical compounds found in vehicles，" he said．"Since these chemicals are not regulated，consumers have no way of knowing the dangers they face ．"（2）Immediate symptoms can range from a sore throat to headaches，dizziness，etc．，depending on the sensitivity of an individual ．According to the US Environmental Protection Agency ，continued exposure to some ofthese can lead to reproductive impacts and damage to some organs and central nervous system ﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣or even cancer．The danger is the greatest when the car is new，and that new car smell is most noticeable．（3）It is the release of chemical vapours，which leads to the smell．Heat from a vehicle left in the sun car make matters worse ，and speed up the chemical reaction．The danger is reduced over time ，and experts say the worst is usually over within about six months ．Experts advise the best thing that buyers can do to limit exposure is to keep the inside of the car well ventilated （通风的），especially during the first six months of ownership ．Park in the shade with the windows open when it's safe to do so ，or at least try to air it out before getting inside ﹣especially on not days．IV. Summary Writing21．（8 分）Directions ：Read the following passage ．Summarize the main idea and the main point （s）of the passagein no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible ．Take Care of Your Spine （脊柱）The spine stands at the center of your health ，providing your body with structure and support．It also contains your spinal cord ， a massive collection of nerves that sends electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain ．Therefore，it's important to take care of it ．Maintaining your good posture is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy．Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight ，except for its natural curves ．Posture comes into play even when you're asleep．Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions．Having a comfortable bed is also very important as sleeping in a position that isn't comfortable can leave your back feeling sore the next day．Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine ．Staying still for too long even if your posture is good ﹣can be hard on your back ．Especially if you work at a desk most of the day，it's important to get up and stretch periodically ．Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better positions．Strength exercises with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine．However ，don't overdo the exercise，asrepeated motions can hurt the muscles around your spine．Your diet also affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves．In particular ，B vitamins help keep nerves healthy ，so you may want to consider taking a ．supplement （补充物）．Another important factor is vitamin D ，which is essential for strong bones，but．it's also absorbed from sunlight ，so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside．V. TranslationDirections ：Translate the following sentences into English ，using the wordsgiven in the brackets.22．（4 分）科学家们惊叹于这些植物对城市环境的快速适应．（adaption）23．（4 分）我妹妹的课堂笔记一向一目了然，值得学习．（enough）24．（4 分）那些源自于中国古代文学的角色在这个网络游戏里获得了新生．（originate）25（．4 分）经济全球化是经济发展的必然趋势，它是不以人类的意志为转移的．（independent）VI. Guided Writing26．（25 分）Directions ：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given belowin Chinese ．中华中学为了进一步规范学校的社团建设，提高社团活动的品质，向广大师生征求意见．假设你是该校学生王敏，写一封电子邮件给负责社团的林老师，就你所了解的1﹣2 个学校社团发表意见．你的邮件需包括：＞你所了解的学校社团的现状（亮点和不足）及其原因：＞提出你对改进学校社团建设的建议．注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校．2019 年上海市崇明区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections ：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end ofeach conversation， a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it ，read the four possibleanswers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．（1.5 分）A．In a charity shop ．B．In a laundryC．In a dormitory ．D．In a clothing store ．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略2．（1.5 分）A．﹩114．B．﹩86．C．﹩14．D．﹩43．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略3．（1.5 分）A． A librarian ．В． A secretary．C． A reporter ．D．An accountant ．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略。
上海市崇明区2018～2019学年高三上学期一模考试英语试题(解析版)
绝密★启用前上海市崇明区2019届高三上学期第一次高考模拟考试英语试题（解析版）(考试时间120分钟,满分140分。
请将答案填写在答题纸上)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.音频A. In a charity shop.B. In a laundry.C. In a dormitory.D. In a clothing store.【答案】B【解析】【详解】M: Excuse me, but I’d like to have this shirt washed and ironed.W: OK, sir. Your shirt will be ready by Thursday morning. Anything else?Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?2.音频A. $114.B. $86.C. $14.D. $43.【答案】D【解析】【详解】W: Here’s a 100-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonight’s show, please. M: Sure. Two tickets and here’s 14 dollars’ change.Q: How much does one ticket cost?3.音频A. A librarian.B. A secretary.C. A reporter.D. An accountant.【答案】D【解析】【详解】W: How do you like your new job, Bill?M: Fine. This week I have been reading the reports and studying the accounting books. Next week I will probably get down to the accounts.Q: What is most probably the man’s job?4.音频A. Purchase some ingredients.B. Give the man instructions for the soup.C. Check to see if the soup is ready.D. Write down the directions to the supermarket.【答案】B【解析】【详解】M: The soup is delicious. I’d love to be able to make it myself.W: Why not? You can get all the ingredients at any supermarket. Here, let me get a pencil and paper.Q: What will the woman probably do next?5.音频A. Chocolate is his favourite fla vour.B. There’s no more chocolate pudding left.C. He doesn’t want any chocolate pudding.D. He’s already tasted the chocolate pudding.【答案】C【解析】【详解】W: Umm…are you going to try some of this chocolate pudding? It’s incredible. M: Well, to be honest with you, I’ve never been a fan of chocolate.Q: What does the man mean?6.音频A. She hasn’t called the travel agency yet.B. She doesn’t know when her semester ends.C. The man may have to reschedule his trip.D. The man should take his vacation somewhere else.。
2019届崇明区高三数学及英语一模试题及答案
People Think Meals Taste Better If They Are Expensive It is said that there’s no such thing as a free lunch, but even if you manage to bag a bargain meal, it will not taste as good as a more expensive meal, according to scientists. A new study has found that restaurant __31__ who pay more for their meals think the food is tastier
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Hale Waihona Puke than if it is offered for a smaller price. The experts think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their __32__ of how food tastes. Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffet(自助餐) in a restaurant. The price of the food was set by the __33__ at either $4 or $8 for the all-youcan-eat meal. Customers were asked to __34__ how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names. The experiment __35__ that the people who paid $8 for the food enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the “cheaper” buffet. Interestingly those that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they __36__. However, the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total, according to the study __37__ at the Experimental Biology meeting this week. Brian Wansink, a professor of __38__ behavior at the university, said: “We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats, but a huge impact on how you __39__ the experience.” He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals. In a(n) __40__ study, scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories(卡路里) than people who eat in brightly lit areas. III. Reading Comprehension Section A How Climate Change Affects Airline Flights Hot weather has forced dozens of commercial flights to be canceled at airports in the Southwest this summer. This flight-disturbing __41__ is a warning sign. Climate change is projected to have far-reaching __42__ --including sea level rise flooding cities and shifting weather patterns causing long-term declines in agricultural production. And there is evidence that it is beginning to affect the takeoff performance of commercial aircraft, with potential effects on airline __43__. National and global transportation systems and the economic activity they support have been designed for the climate in which it all developed. In the aviation(航空) industry, airports and aircraft are designed for the weather conditions experienced __44__. Because the climate is changing, even fundamental elements like airports and key economic parts like air transportation may need to be __45__. As scientists focused on the impacts of climate change and extreme weather on human society and natural ecosystems around the world, our research has quantified how extreme heat associated with our warming climate may affect __46__ around the world. We’ve found that major airports from New York to Dubai to Bangkok will see more frequent takeoff weight __47__ in the coming decades due to increasingly common hot temperatures, which can help reduce the aircraft’s weight so as to lower its required takeoff speed. There is obvious evidence that extreme events such as heat waves and coastal flooding are happening with greater frequency and intensity than just a few decades ago. And if we __48__ to reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly in the next few decades, the frequency and intensity of these extremes is projected to increase dramatically. The __49__ on aviation may be widespread. Many airports are built near sea level, putting them at risk
2019年上海市崇明区高考英语一模试卷
2019年上海市崇明区高考英语一模试卷Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end ofeach conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possibleanswers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．（1.5分）A．In a charity shop．B．In a laundryC．In a dormitory．D．In a clothing store．2．（1.5分）A．﹩114．B．﹩86．C．﹩14．D．﹩43．3．（1.5分）A．A librarian．В．A secretary．C．A reporter．D．An accountant．4．（1.5分）A．Purchase some ingredientsB．Give the man instructions for the soup．C．Check to see if the soup is ready．D．Write down the directions to the supermarket．5．（1.5分）A．Chocolate is his favourite flavor．B．There's no more chocolate pudding left．C．He doesn't want any chocolate pudding．D．He's already tasted the chocolate pudding．6．（1.5分）A．She hasn't called the travel agency yet．B．She doesn't know when her semester ends．C．The man may have to reschedule his trip．D．The man should take his vacation somewhere else．7．（1.5分）A．Get a ticket from his sister．B．Help his sister out of her conflict．C．Go to the concert with his sister．D．Get a schedule of future performances．8．（1.5分）A．Meet his advisor．B．Track his adviserC．Adjust his course scheduleD．Follow his course schedule as advised．9．（1.5分）A．He has already paid his landlord for next year's rent．B．He's decided how he's going to spend the prize money．C．He doesn't know how much his rent is going to increase．D．He's already planning to enter for next year's essay contest 10．（1.5分）A．The man can use her electronic dictionary．B．The man should buy a new paper dictionary．C．She can show the man how to use the dictionaryD．She will work more efficiently with his dictionary．11．（4.5分）（1）A．Napping may help prevent seniors' memory loss B．Sleep is good for us both mentally and physically．C．Many Americans do not want to admit they take a nap．D．Taking naps is very common in other parts of the world．（2）A．They are afraid of becoming lazy．B．They don't think napping is common．C．They are too energetic to need a nap．D．They don't want to be considered weak．（3）A．Napping is not as effective for people with sleep disorders．B．Napping cafes have been quite common in American cities．C．Resting in the middle of the work day may cost a lot of moneyD．Many Americans are changing their offices into napping rooms 12．（4.5分）（1）A．A recent survey on unfriendly neighbours．B．A growth in complaints about neighbours．C．The increasing noises made by neighbours．D．Different views on relations between neighbours．（2）A．Selfish attitudes．B．High immigration．C．More crowded space．D．Unwillingness to socialize．（3）A．We ought to understand the instances better．B．Explanations for the instances have increased．C．It's easier to make complaints on TV channels．D．The problem can be viewed from another angle．13．（6分）（1）A．The place to buy soap．B．The plans to survive on the campus．C．The way to use drying machines．D．The steps to wash clothes with machines（2）A．It can promote bacteria growth．B．It can produce dirt in the clothes．C．It can be a waste of water and soap．D．It can leave bubbles in the machine（3）A．Excited．B．Shocked．C．DisappointedD．Embarrassed（4）A．The woman's mother seldom does things for her．B．American kids become independent even before ten．C．The man and the woman are from different countries．D．In the eye of the man's mother，independence is important．II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of thegiven word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．（15分）Electric Bike Ban in New York Hurts Food Delivery WorkersA ban on electric bieycles in New York City is hurting delivery workers who depend onthem to earn a living．Many of the workers are immigrants．Electric bicycles，or "e﹣bikes，" look like regular bicycles，but they have electric﹣powered motors to assist riders in moving the bike forward．Most e﹣bikes reach speeds of about 32 kilometers an hour，but some can go much （1）（fast）．（2）it is legal to own e﹣bikes in New York City，it is not legal to operate them．Officials there consider the dangerous use of e﹣bikes on streets and sidewalks as the reason （3）the ban．Last year，the city announced severe measures （4）（mean）to hold e﹣bike riders and restaurant that employ the riders responsible．E﹣bike operators can now be fined $500 for breaking the ban．The police （5）also seize the bikes．Many of New York's delivery workers are Chinese immigrants in their 50s and 60s．Their job requires them to work quickly and for long hours （6）（earn）enough money to live on．Delivery worker Deging Lian said it is important to perform quality work （7）their job also depends on tips．He added that when delivery workers are too slow，some people refuse to pay for the food，which makes the workers' supervisors angry．Ligiang Liu is an e﹣bike delivery worker and spokesperson for the New York Delivery Workers Union．He says （8）（catch）breaking the ban and having the bike seized would cause costly delays for workers．Do Lee is with the Biking Public Project，（9）provides assistance to bicycle ﹣related workers in New York City．He says the city's ban on e﹣bikes is unfairly targeting low﹣paid workers who largely come from the city's Latino and Asian communities．He does not accept the argument （10）e﹣bikes present a danger to citizens．However，many New Yorkers are quick to blame e﹣bike riders for not being safe．Section BDirections：After reading the passage below，fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word morethan you need.15．（3分）A．overate B．precious C．rate D．researchersE．impression F．previous G．presentedH．interpret I．goers J．revealed K．consumerPeople Think Meals Taste Better If They Are ExpensiveIt is said that there's no such thing as a free lunch，but even if you manage to bag a bargain meal，it will not taste as good as a more expensive meal，according to scientists．A new study has found that restaurant （1）who pay more for their meals thinkthe food is tastier than if it is offered for a smaller price．The experts think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their （2）of how food tastes．Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffer （自助餐）in a restaurant．The price of the food was set by the （3）at either ﹩4 or ﹩8 for the all﹣you﹣can﹣eat meal．Customers were asked to （4）how good the food tasted，the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names．The experiment （5）that the people who paid ﹩8 for the food enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the "cheaper" buffet．Interestingly those that paid for the ﹩4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they （6）．However，the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total，according to the study （7）at the Experimental Biology meeting this week．Brian Wansink，a professor of （8）behaviour at the university，said："We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats，but a huge impact on how you （9）the experience．" He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals．In a（n）（10）study，scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories （卡路里）than people who eat in brightly lit areas．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.16．（15分）How Climate Change Affects Airline FlightsHot weather has forced dozens of commercial flights to be canceled at airports in the Southwest this summer．This flight﹣disturbing （1）is a warning sign．Climate change is projected to have far﹣reaching （2）﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣including sea level rise flooding cities and shifting weather patterns causing long﹣term declines in agricultural production．And there is evidence that it is beginning to affect the takeoff performance of commercial aircraft with potential effects on airline （3）．National and global transportation systems and the economic activity they support have beer﹣designed for the climate in which it all developed．In the aviation （航空）industry，airports and aircraft are designed for the weather conditions experienced （4）Because the climate is changing even fundamental elements like airports and key economic parts like air transportation may need to be （5）As scientists focused on the impacts of climate change and extreme weather on human society and natural ecosystems around the world，our research has quantified how extreme heat associated with our warming climate may affect （6）around the world．We've found that major airports from New York to Dubai to Bangkok will see more fre quent takeoff weight （7）in the coming decades due to increasingly common hot temperatures，which can help reduce the aircraft's weight so as to lower its required takeoff speed．There is obvious evidence that extreme events such as heat waves and coastal flooding are happening with greater frequency and intensity than just a few decades ago．And if we （8）to reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly in the next few decades，the frequency and intensity or these extremes is projected to increase dramatically．The （9）on aviation may be widespread．Many airports are built near sea level，puttingthem at risk of more frequent （10）as oceans rise．The frequency and intensity of violent air movement may increase in some regions due to strengthening high﹣altitude （高海拔的）winds．Stronger winds would force airlines and pilots to change flight lengths and routings，potentially increasing fuel （11）．Many departments of the economy，including the aviation industry，have yet to seriously （12）the effects of climate change．The sooner，the better：Both airport construction and aircraft design take decades，and have （13）effects．Today's newest planes may well be flying in 40 or 50 years，and their （14）are being designed now．The earlier climate impacts are understood and appreciated，the more effective and less costly adaptations can be．Those adaptations may even include innovative ways to dramatically reduce climate﹣altering emissions across the aviation industry，which would help reduce the problem while also （15）it．（1）A．scheme B．heat C．shift D．mess（2）A．contributions B．confusion C．feedbacks D．consequences （3）A．pilots B．reservations C．costs D．accidents（4）A．historically B．enormously C．fundamentally D．domestically （5）A．retested B．implemented C．prospected D．reengineered （6）A．travels B．developments C．flights D．communications （7）A．disorders B．gains C．bans D．restrictions （8）A．happen B．fail C．aim D．promise（9）A．taxes B．effects C．viewpoints D．comments（10）A．flooding B．rotting C．repairing D．transferring （11）A．standard B．efficiency C．distribution D．consumption （12）A．consider B．avoid C．maximize D．demonstrate （13）A．greater B．different C．lasting D．direct（14）A．airports B．products C．contracts D．replacements （15）A．sneezing at B．responding to D．recovering from C．resulting in Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by severalquestions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the onethat fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.17．（8分）Flu is killing us．The usual response to the annual flu is not enough to fight against the risks we currently face，let alone prepare us for an even deadlier widespread flu that most experts agree will come in the future．Yes，we have an annual vaccine （疫苗），and everyone qualified should get it without question．The reality，however，is that less than half Americans get the flu vaccines．And the flu vaccines we have are only 60% effective in the best years and 10% effective in the worst years．We urgently need a much more effective flu vaccine．In the U．S．alone，seasonal flu can cause up to 36million infections，three﹣quarters of a million hospitalizations and 56，000 deaths．We are not investing the resources needed to protect ourselves，our loved ones and our communitiesWhy not？We haven't been hit by a truly destructive widespread disease in a long time．So as individuals，we let down our guard as our leaders quietly defund and destaff the services we need to protect us．The risk of continued foot dragging is huge．In a severe widespread disease，the U．S．health care system could be defeated in just weeks．Millions of people would be infected by the virus，and would die in the weeks and months following the initial outbreak．The cost of preventing epidemics （流行病）is roughly a tenth of what it costs to cope with themwhen they hit．In 2012， a call was issued for an annual billion﹣dollar U．S．commitment to the development of a universal flu vaccine．Six years later，the search for a universal vaccine remains seriously underfunded．The simple reason lies in our collective satisfaction．As soon as headlines about the flu are going to hospitals are emptied of flu patients，and school and workplace absence rates decline，we go back to business as usual．Leading scientists and public health officials have the capability to keep us much safer from flu．They need your quick and decisive support to succeed．Your action today may be a matter of life and death for you and your loved ones（1）The problem of the current flu vaccines is that．A．they are not available every yearB．most Americans are not allowed to get themC．not everyone is qualified for themD．many people still catch flu after getting them（2）What does the author mean by "continued foot dragging" in Paragraph 4？A．Hospitals cannot meet the needs of patients during flu outbreaks．B．The leaders continue to drag the feet of the patients infected with flu．C．Individuals aren't alert enough to the underinvestment in flu prevention．D．Flu will certainly become a severe widespread disease in the near future．（3）What can be inferred from the passage？A．Science is currently not so developed as to keep us safer from flu．B．The death rate from flu is much higher than that from other diseases．C．The general public is partially to blame for the neglect of flu prevention．D．Developing a universal flu vaccine will cost more than dealing with flu．（4）The author wrote the passage mainly to．A．teach people more effective ways to fight against fluB．call on people to take flu outbreaks far more seriouslyC．encourage medical scientists to develop more flu vaccineD．urge the government to publicize the risks of widespread flu18．（6分）How to get your tax refundAt the storeGet a Global Blue Tax Free Form．If you do not have a SHOP TAX FREE Card，see "How to fil in your Tax Free Forms"．Make sure your Tax Free Form is filled in before arriving at the point of departure．Remember no refund without：Completed Receipts CustomsForm attached validation （验证）At the point of departureFor non﹣EU residents onlyGoods carried in checked﹣in luggage：1．Check your luggage in at the check﹣in counter，tell the check﹣in clerk you need it back for Customs purposes．2．Take the labelled luggage to Customs，show the goods，and have your Tax Free Forms stamped3．Cash in your stamped Form at the appropriate refund service providerGoods carried in hand luggage：1．Go to Customs after passport control，show the goods，and have your Tax Free Forms stamped．Please note：Customs clearance of goods in hand luggage can only take place at the last EU airport before you finally leave the EU．2．Cash in your stamped Form at the appropriate bank counter or post it to the appropriate refund service provider．Allow time for the refund process．Go to Customs before or after check﹣in，see Refund Office list．Present your completed Tax Free Forms，receipts，passport，and purchased items to get a stamp．Go to a Refund Office displaying the Global Blue logo （标识）．Receive your refund paid to your credit card within five days or in cash．In a rush？Mail your stamped and completed Tax Free Forms and receipts back to us in the envelope provided and get your refund paid to your credit card within three weeks．*EU：European Union（1）Whom is the above information intended for？A．EU residents who want to get their tax refunded．B．Non﹣EU residents who are going to travel in EU．C．EU residents who have Global Blue Tax Free Forms．D．Non﹣EU residents who are leaving EU after purchases．（2）To get your tax refund，you need to after having your luggage checked in if you've put your purchased goods in your check﹣in luggage．A．show your purchased goods to the check﹣in clerkB．cash in your stamped Form at the check﹣in counter．C．take back your luggage to the Customs to get a stampD．go to the Customs to fill in a form without the luggage（3）What can be learned from the passage？A．It's a must to attach the receipts to the form to get your tax refund．B．It's unnecessary to show your passport to the Customs for a stamp．C．You can get your refund in cash after posting your form if in a hurry．D．You can get your refund by credit card at once at the appropriate counter．19．（8分）A portrait created by artificial intelligence，or Al，made a historic appearance on the auction （拍卖）block at Christie's in New York City this week．It is the first artwork created by an algorithm （算法）to be offered for auction in the world of fine art．The odd﹣looking painting of a fictitious man in a dark coat left the auction block at Christie's for ﹩432，500 on Oct．25 in New York City．The portrait designed in the "Old Master" style of European fine artists from centuries ago appears to represent a man with a vague face，dressed in clothing similar to that worn by people painted by the Dutch artist Rembrandt van Rijn in the 17th century．Of course，a computer didn't automatically pick up a brush and become an artist．The Al that created the image had human programmers﹣a Parisian art collective called Obvious，Christie's reported．Their cooperation，titled "Portrait of Edmond De Belamy，" is part of a series of paintings of the fictional Belamy family and was expected to fetch ﹩7，000 to﹩10，000，according to Christie's．To create the portrait，the Obvious team first fed the network a diet of 15.000 images painted between the 14th and 20th centuries，to train it to recognize visual elements in fine art，Obvious artist Hugo Caselles﹣Duprétold Christie's．The algorithm that eventually created an original image had two parts that worked against each other．called the Generator （that makes the art）and a Discriminator （that tries to spot the difference between human ﹣created and Al﹣created images），Caselles﹣Dupréexplained；they called this Al "generative adversarial network" （GAN），Caselles﹣Dupréexplained．GAN's final image was then printed and framed，according to Obvious．At the bottom of the portrait is a mathematical formula （公式）representing the algorithm that created it，a nod to the relationship between the Generator and the Discriminator，Obvious artists wrote on the collective's website．The goal of the painting and of Obvious，also co﹣founded by Hugo Caselles﹣Dupréand Gauthier Vernier，was to prove "artificial intelligence can do more than operate driverless cars or transform manufacturing it can be creative．，" Consumer News and Business Channel reported．Portraiture is a tough task for Al to take on，according to Christie's，"since humans are highly accustomed to the curves and complexities of a face in a way that a machine cannot be．" This difficulty was part of Obvious' thinking when they created the portrait．"Edmond de Belamy" is one of eleven Al paintings made by Obvious．（1）It can be learned from the passage that the portrait "Edmond de Belamy"．A．was sold at an unexpectedly high priceB．was the first artwork sold at an auctionC．is a painting created by means of brushD．is a man who once appeared at the auction（2）To create a portrait，Al needs to．A．learn from plenty of imagesB．use an algorithm with many partsC．work against human paintersD．recognize its human programmers（3）What can be concluded from the passage？A．The mathematical formula at the bottom of the portrait is meaningless．B．The portrait was made to prove algorithms are able to imitate creativity．C．It is more difficult for Al to operate driverless cars than to paint a portrait．D．Al is better at painting the curves and complexities of a face than a human．（4）The passage mainly tells us that．A．Al will soon replace man in some fieldsB．an Al﹣created portrait sells high at an auctionC．a proper algorithm is the key for Al to create carD．Al﹣created paintings are better received at auctionsSection CDirections：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.20．（6分）A．It's that long﹣term exposure that experts find most worrisome．B．Car manufacturers are unaware of standards regulating air quality inside new cars．C．This is when components are still unstable and tend towards what is called off﹣gassing．D．Just reading a list of the substances is scary enough，and the danger of exposure is scarierstill．E．The source of the smell so many buyers find appealing is in the various substances used incar constructionF．Fortunately，high concentrations of these compounds gradually disappear just a fewmonths after manufacture．Is New﹣car Smell Bad for Your Health？The smell of a new car can be appealing in showrooms，for which there's a good reason．That new car smell comes from a mixture of chemicals，some of which can be highly poisonous．（1）Many of these contain volatile （挥发性的）organic compounds （VOCs），some of which can be deadly in sufficient quantities．Others are just bad for you．"It's a chemical cocktail made up of lots of poisonous substances，" said Jeff Gearhart，Research Director of the Ecology Center in the US state of Michigan．The Ecology Center has been monitoring and testing chemical levels in the inside of the car for years，and has noted some improvement．But Gearhart says there is still work to be done．"There are over 200 chemical compounds found in vehicles，" he said．"Since these chemicals are not regulated，consumers have no way of knowing the dangers they face．"（2）Immediate symptoms can range from a sore throat to headaches，dizziness，etc．，depending on the sensitivity of an individual．According to the US Environmental Protection Agency，continued exposure to some ofthese can lead to reproductive impacts and damage to some organs and central nervous system ﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣or even cancer．The danger is the greatest when the car is new，and that new car smell is most noticeable．（3）It is the release of chemical vapours，which leads to the smell．Heat from a vehicle left in the sun car make matters worse，and speed up the chemical reaction．The danger is reduced over time，and experts say the worst is usually over within about six months．Experts advise the best thing that buyers can do to limit exposure is to keep the inside of the car well ventilated （通风的），especially during the first six months of ownership．Park in the shade with the windows open when it's safe to do so，or at least try to air it out before getting inside﹣especially on not days．IV. Summary Writing21．（8分）Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point （s）of the passagein no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．Take Care of Your Spine （脊柱）The spine stands at the center of your health，providing your body with structure and support．It also contains your spinal cord，a massive collection of nerves that sends electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain．Therefore，it's important to take care of it．Maintaining your good posture is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy．Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight，except for its natural curves．Posture comes into play even when you're asleep．Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions．Having a comfortable bed is also very important as sleeping in a position that isn't comfortable can leave your back feeling sore the next day．Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine．Staying still for too long even if your posture is good﹣can be hard on your back．Especially if you work at a desk most of the day，it's important to get up and stretch periodically．Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better positions．Strength exercises with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine．However，don't overdo the exercise，asrepeated motions can hurt the muscles around your spine．Your diet also affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves．In particular，B vitamins help keep nerves healthy，so you may want to consider taking a．supplement （补充物）．Another important factor is vitamin D，which is essential for strong bones，but．it's also absorbed from sunlight，so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside．V. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.22．（4分）科学家们惊叹于这些植物对城市环境的快速适应．（adaption）23．（4分）我妹妹的课堂笔记一向一目了然，值得学习．（enough）24．（4分）那些源自于中国古代文学的角色在这个网络游戏里获得了新生．（originate）25．（4分）经济全球化是经济发展的必然趋势，它是不以人类的意志为转移的．（independent）VI. Guided Writing26．（25分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given belowin Chinese．中华中学为了进一步规范学校的社团建设，提高社团活动的品质，向广大师生征求意见．假设你是该校学生王敏，写一封电子邮件给负责社团的林老师，就你所了解的1﹣2个学校社团发表意见．你的邮件需包括：＞你所了解的学校社团的现状（亮点和不足）及其原因：＞提出你对改进学校社团建设的建议．注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校．2019年上海市崇明区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end ofeach conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possibleanswers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．（1.5分）A．In a charity shop．B．In a laundryC．In a dormitory．D．In a clothing store．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略2．（1.5分）A．﹩114．B．﹩86．C．﹩14．D．﹩43．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略3．（1.5分）A．A librarian．В．A secretary．C．A reporter．D．An accountant．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略4．（1.5分）A．Purchase some ingredientsB．Give the man instructions for the soup．C．Check to see if the soup is ready．D．Write down the directions to the supermarket．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略5．（1.5分）A．Chocolate is his favourite flavor．B．There's no more chocolate pudding left．C．He doesn't want any chocolate pudding．D．He's already tasted the chocolate pudding．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略6．（1.5分）A．She hasn't called the travel agency yet．B．She doesn't know when her semester ends．C．The man may have to reschedule his trip．D．The man should take his vacation somewhere else．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略7．（1.5分）A．Get a ticket from his sister．B．Help his sister out of her conflict．C．Go to the concert with his sister．。
2019-2020学年崇明县崇西中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案
2019-2020学年崇明县崇西中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABob and Sue Harvey spent nine years as resident fellows in a dormitory at Sanford and in their bookVirtual Reality and The College Freshman, they write “The Freshman oftenfaces an identity problem during the first semester.” College is a more pressured environment than it used to be, in part because the academic gap between high school and college has increased. Many college freshmen have never had to make independent decisions about sex, drugs and alcohol. Most don’t know how to manage their time or money. They often feel lonely and overwhelmed, resulting in anxiety and depression.Nancy Corbin, director of clinical service for student-counseling (咨询) services at Iowa State University, says her office is seeing a significant increase in requests for counseling from freshmen who are having trouble making the adjustment to college life. She says older teenagers increasingly lack the skills to deal with personal problems that aren’t easily defined or fixed. And they get homesick but have a hard time admitting it.Parents and high schools can make things easier on freshmen by preparing them differently. For example, by teaching them to budget their hours and dollars. The Harveys think high schools should offer a college-life course. “Parents need to focus more on relationship and personal issues and less on how many sheets and towels to take,” they say. Many homesick freshmen think they’ll be regarded as failures if they come home before Thanksgiving. So parents can help by letting them know they’re welcome to return if they feel the need. In the meantime, parents have to find new ways to keep in touch with their college kids. One of the best ways is e-mail. It’s less unpleasant and less expensive than constant phone calls and is more likely to be answered than a handwritten letter.1. Why is the first semester difficult for freshmen in college?A. Because they often fail in exams.B. Because they lack time and money.C. Because they are too homesick to make new friends.D. Because they have to settle personal issues on their own.2. In the last paragraph, it is suggested that ________.A. parents should stop buying anything for their kidsB. parents should develop a good relationship with their kidsC. parents should be taught how to send e-mails to their kidsD. parents should work with high schools in college-life courses3. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Hard Life of College FreshmenB. Approaches to Trouble in CollegeC. Freshmen’s Adaptation ProblemsD. A Strange Phenomenon in CollegeBIn June, 2021, a group of students from eight high schools in Winnipeg, the capital of Canada’s Manitoba province, will begin test-launching (试发射) a satellite the size of a Rubik’s cube.The one-kilogram Win-Cube satellite, named for its home city and its shape, will be put into low orbit. Once in space, it can perform for a few months or up to several years, communicating information that could help find the signs of earthquakes.There are 80 similar satellite projects worldwide, but this is the first high-school based program of its kind in Canada. 30 Manitoba high school students are having a hand in designing and building the satellite, in cooperation with aerospace (航空航天的) experts and 10 students from the University of Manitoba, and with support from two other organizations.The Win-Cube project is not something that goes on a piece of paper; it is real-world engineering, allowing high school students to have an opportunity to learn more about the exciting world of engineering through their participation in this challenging program. It is also taken as a wonderful example of the unique partnerships within Manitoba. Designing, building and launching a satellite with high-school participation will bring this world-class educational project into reality and Manitoba closer to space“These Manitoba high school students deserve congratulations for their enthusiasm, innovation (创新), and a strong love for discovery,” said Education, Citizenship and Youth Minister Peter Bjomson. “We want to make science more relevant, interesting and attractive to high school students by showing them how classroom studies can relate to practical experience in the workplace or, in this case, in space,” Bjomson added.The Win-Cube program is mainly aimed at inspiring a strong desire for discovery on the part of the students. It also shows Manitoba’s devotion to research and innovation and the development of a skilled workforce—all important drivers of knowledge-based economic growth.4. What can we learn from Mr. Bjomson? .A. Those Manitoba high school students are worth praising.B. The study of space can be practically made in classrooms.C. Manitoba high schools are famous for the study of space.D. Scientific research is too far away from high school students.5. What is the primary purpose of the project ? .A. To find the early signs of earthquakes.B. To relate studies to practical.C. To help high school students study real-world engineering.D. To inspire a strong desire for discovery among the students.6. According to the passage, what can we know about the Win-Cube satellite? .A. It is named after Manitoba and its shape.B. It is intended for international communication.C. It is designed like a Rubik’s cube both in shape and size.D. It is challenged by university students around the world.7. What may be the best title for the passage?A. Manitoba SchoolB. Win-Cube ProgramC. Space Co-operationD. Satellite LaunchingCIf you think you’d like to live on Mars, you may have that possibility by 2023. A Dutch company called Mars One will soon advertise for people interested in colonizing (开拓) Mars. Ifyou have all the necessary skills, you could be one of the first colonists. Are you ready for the challenge?You won’t have to pay for the mission to Mars. Mars One has already received money from some donors and is hoping to get more from TV viewers who will become interested in the show where all applicants have a debate for the rare chances.The main responsibility of the first colonists is to create an artificial environment on Mars where there is no air to breathe and no land to farm. Scientists know it’s quite possible because something similar has already been done inAntarctica.Another problem is that space travel to Mars takes nearly a year to get to Mars and the colonists will live the rest of their lives there. When a human lives in an environment without gravity or with low gravity for a long time, the systems in the body weaken. Luckily, spinning (旋转) the spaceship can create artificial gravity, and artificial gravity can ease these problems. It will also be difficult for Mars colonists to be far from home, living in smallspaces, and seeing the same people over and over. Colonists with depression could put the mission in danger. Fortunately, a few years ago, a joint Russian and European project called the Mars500 Mission studied people’s reactions in a Mars-like environment. It is viewed as a great success because scientists were able to see how people handle emotional and physical stresses.Recent studies show that seven percent of people would want to go on such an adventure.Mars One will soon start accepting its first colonists. Are you interested?8. What do we know about the applicants to Mars from the first two paragraphs?A. They will land on Mars in 2023.B. They can get money from donors.C. They will compete in a TV show.D. They do not need special skills.9. What will the first colonists do to solve the basic living problems on Mars?A. Create earth-like conditions.B. Build labs inAntarctica.C. Spin the spaceship.D. Start the Mars500Mission.10. What can the life of the first colonists be like according to the passage?A. Difficult and dangerous.B. Different but adaptable.C. Challenging and unbearable .D. Acceptable but depressing.11. What’s the best title for the text?A. Mars: our final destination?B. Ready to be Mars’ colonists?C. Space travel: a thrilling adventure?D. Are you a qualified Mars astronaut?DMy entire life has been influenced by the fact that I stand way above the average height for both men and women. I was born two weeks late. When I finally entered the world I weighed 11 pounds 10 ounces and was 24 inches long. When my mom told my grandmother my measurements, she asked in amazement, "Are you okay?!"I was healthy, but very shy as a child and into my teens. I'm from a small town, and I grew up and graduated with the same 50 people. I started playing basketball in third grade every Saturday, but I didn't have any control over my awkward body. (I didn't even score a point in a game until many years later.) I was 5-foot-10 in fourth grade. I had a small group of friends in elementary school, but sometimes the boys picked on me, calling me a bean pole or the Jolly Green Giant. I still remember my embarrassment when they laughed at me, and how badly I wanted to be invisible.In high school I got more involved in sports, but I spent most days in the art room. By this time everyone at my school was used to my height (by ninth grade I was 6-foot-3), but if I went out of town people would stare at me and comment about my appearance.I was forced into the spotlight wherever I went.With high school came more confidence. I had success in school, the arts and sports. I played basketball, but my true passion was track and field. During my senior year I was the conference champion in high jump and the 400-meter run. The friendships I gained through my involvement in high school boosted my confidence and helped me develop a sense of humor. Now when a stranger told me I was tall I would smile and nod or, if I was feeling determined, I would pretend to feel shocked and thank them for telling me. I had no idea!Still, society keeps me aware of my status as something rare. And even though people tell me I'm beautiful and I should be a model, there are times when I would trade in my long legs for a small frame and tiny feet. I often wish people weren't so rude. I'm a minority only in the sense of height. I like to think that those who have insulted me didn't intend to. I do believe that most people are basically good, but they can be insensitive.12. What can be inferred from Para.1?A. The writer's height has something to do with her late birth.B. Grandmother was unwilling to have the writer as her grandchild.C. The writer failed to have a successful life because of her unusual height.D. The writer was heavier and bigger compared with other babies when she was born.13. By saying 'I was forced into the spotlight', the author probably means that she ________.A.was criticized by othersB. caught public attentionC. was threatenedD. felt inferior14. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned as the writer's experiences in high school?A. She quit playing basketball and joined the track and field team.B. She no longer felt upset when facing her height problem.C. She had a passion for some sports events.D. She built up more confidence.15. What does the last sentence imply?A. People enjoy making fun of others.B. People are bad andcannot be trusted.C. People tend to bully those who are weaker.D. People sometimes care little about how others feel.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
英语_2019年上海市崇明区高考英语一模试卷含答案
2019年上海市崇明区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of thegiven word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.1.Electric Bike Ban in New York Hurts Food Delivery WorkersA ban on electric bieycles in New York City is hurting delivery workers who depend on them to earn a living． Many of the workers are immigrants．Electric bicycles， or "e﹣bikes，" look like regular bicycles， but they have electric﹣powered motors to assist riders in moving the bike forward． Most e﹣bikes reach speeds of about 32 kilometers an hour， but some can go much （1）________ （fast）．（2）________ it is legal to own e﹣bikes in New York City， it is not legal to operate them． Officials there consider the dangerous use of e﹣bikes on streets and sidewalks as the reason （3）________ the ban． Last year， the city announced severe measures （4）________ （mean） to hold e﹣bike riders and restaurant that employ the riders responsible．E﹣bike operators can now be fined $500 for breaking the ban． The police （5）________also seize the bikes．Many of New York's delivery workers are Chinese immigrants in their 50s and 60s． Their job requires them to work quickly and for long hours （6）________ （earn） enough money to live on．Delivery worker Deging Lian said it is important to perform quality work （7）________their job also depends on tips． He added that when delivery workers are too slow， some people refuse to pay for the food， which makes the workers' supervisors angry．Ligiang Liu is an e﹣bike delivery worker and spokesperson for the New York Delivery Workers Union． He says （8）________ （catch） breaking the ban and having the bike seized would cause costly delays for workers．Do Lee is with the Biking Public Project，（9）________ provides assistance to bicycle﹣related workers in New York City． He says the city's ban on e﹣bikes is unfairly targeting low﹣paid workers who largely come from the city's Latino and Asian communities． He does not accept the argument （10）________ e﹣bikes present a danger tocitizens． However， many New Yorkers are quick to blame e﹣bike riders for not being safe．Section BDirections： After reading the passage below， fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.2.People Think Meals Taste Better If They Are ExpensiveIt is said that there's no such thing as a free lunch， but even if you manage to bag a bargain meal， it will not taste as good as a more expensive meal， according to scientists．A new study has found that restaurant （1）_______ who pay more for their meals think the food is tastier than if it is offered for a smaller price． The experts think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their （2）_______ of how food tastes．Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffer （自助餐） in a restaurant． The price of the food was set by the （3）_______ at either ﹩4 or ﹩8 for the all﹣you﹣can﹣eat meal． Customers were asked to （4）_______ how good the food tasted， the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names．The experiment （5）_______ that the people who paid ﹩8 for the food enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the "cheaper" buffet． Interestingly those that paid for the﹩4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they （6）_______． However， the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity offood in total， according to the study （7）_______ at the Experimental Biology meeting this week．Brian Wansink， a professor of （8）_______ behaviour at the university， said： "We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats， but a huge impact on how you （9）_______ the experience．" He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change howtasty people find their meals．In a（n）（10）_______ study， scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories （卡路里） than people who eat in brightly lit areas．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.3.How Climate Change Affects Airline FlightsHot weather has forced dozens of commercial flights to be canceled at airports in the Southwest this summer． This flight﹣disturbing （1）_______ is a warning sign． Climate change is projected to have far﹣reaching （2）_______ ﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣including sea level rise flooding cities and shifting weather patterns causing long﹣term declines in agricultural production． And there is evidence that it is beginning to affect the takeoff performance of commercial aircraft with potential effects on airline （3）_______．National and global transportation systems and the economic activity they support have beer﹣designed for the climate in which it all developed． In the aviation （航空）industry, airports and aircraft are designed for the weather conditions experienced （4）_______ Because the climate is changing even fundamental elements like airports and key economic parts like air transportation may need to be （5）_______As scientists focused on the impacts of climate change and extreme weather on human society and natural ecosystems around the world, our research has quantified how extreme heat associated with our warming climate may affect （6）_______ around the world． We'vefound that major airports from New York to Dubai to Bangkok will see more fre quent takeoff weight （7）_______ in the coming decades due to increasingly common hot temperatures, which can help reduce the aircraft's weight so as to lower its required takeoff speed．There is obvious evidence that extreme events such as heat waves and coastal flooding are happening with greater frequency and intensity than just a few decades ago． And if we （8）_______ to reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly in the next few decades, the frequency and intensity or these extremes is projected to increase dramatically．The （9）_______ on aviation may be widespread． Many airports are built near sealevel, puttingthem at risk of more frequent （10）_______ as oceans rise． The frequency and intensityof violent air movement may increase in some regions due to strengthening high﹣altitude （高海拔的） winds．Stronger winds would force airlines and pilots to change flight lengths androutings, potentially increasing fuel （11）_______．Many departments of the economy, including the aviation industry, have yet to seriously （12）_______ the effects of climate change． The sooner, the better: Both airport construction and aircraft design take decades, and have （13）_______ effects． Today's newest planes may well be flying in 40 or 50 years, and their （14）_______ are being designed now． The earlier climate impacts are understood and appreciated, the more effective and less costly adaptations can be． Those adaptations may even include innovative ways to dramatically reduce climate﹣altering emissions across the aviation industry, which would help reduce the problem while also （15）_______ it．（1）A schemeB heatC shiftD mess（2）A contributionsB confusionC feedbacksD consequences（3）A pilotsB reservationsC costsD accidents（4）A historicallyB enormouslyC fundamentallyD domestically（5）A retestedB implementedC prospectedD reengineered（6）A travelsB developmentsC flightsD communications（7）A disordersB gainsC bansD restrictions（8）A happenB failC aimD promise（9）A taxesB effectsC viewpointsD comments（10）A floodingB rottingC repairingD transferring（11）A standardB efficiencyC distributionD consumption（12）A considerB avoidC maximizeD demonstrate（13）A greaterB differentC lastingD direct（14）A airportsB productsC contractsD replacements（15）A sneezing atB responding to D recovering fromC resulting inSection BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the onethat fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.4. Flu is killing us． The usual response to the annual flu is not enough to fight against the risks we currently face, let alone prepare us for an even deadlier widespread flu that most experts agree will come in the future． Yes, we have an annual vaccine （疫苗）, and everyone qualified should get it without question． The reality, however, is that less than half Americans get the flu vaccines． And the flu vaccines we have are only 60% effective in the best years and 10% effective in the worst years． We urgently need a much more effective flu vaccine．In the U．S． alone, seasonal flu can cause up to 36million infections, three﹣quarters of a million hospitalizations and 56, 000 deaths． We are not investing the resources needed to protect ourselves, our loved ones and our communitiesWhy not? We haven't been hit by a truly destructive widespread disease in a long time． So as individuals, we let down our guard as our leaders quietly defund and destaff the services we need to protect us．The risk of continued foot dragging is huge． In a severe widespread disease, theU．S． health care system could be defeated in just weeks． Millions of people would be infected by the virus, and would die in the weeks and months following the initial outbreak． The cost of preventing epidemics （流行病） is roughly a tenth of what it costs to copewith themwhen they hit． In 2012, a call was issued for an annual billion﹣dollarU．S． commitment to the development of a universal flu vaccine． Six years later, the search for a universal vaccine remains seriously underfunded．The simple reason lies in our collective satisfaction． As soon as headlines about the fluare going to hospitals are emptied of flu patients, and school and workplace absence rates decline, we go back to business as usual．Leading scientists and public health officials have the capability to keep us much saferfrom flu．They need your quick and decisive support to succeed． Your action today may be a matter of life and death for you and your loved ones（1）The problem of the current flu vaccines is that________．A they are not available every yearB most Americans are not allowed to getthem C not everyone is qualified for them D many people still catch flu after getting them．（2）What does the author mean by "continued foot dragging" in Paragraph 4？________A Hospitals cannot meet the needs of patients during flu outbreaks．B The leaders continue to drag the feet of the patients infected with flu．C Individuals aren't alert enough to the underinvestment in flu prevention．D Flu will certainly become a severe widespread disease in the near future．．（3）What can be inferred from the passage？________A Science is currently not so developed as to keep us safer from flu．B The death rate from flu is much higher than that from other diseases．C The general public is partially to blame for the neglect of flu prevention．D Developing a universal flu vaccine willcost more than dealing with flu．．（4）The author wrote the passage mainly to________．A teach people more effective ways to fight against fluB call on people to take flu outbreaks far more seriouslyC encourage medical scientists to develop more flu vaccineD urge the government to publicize the risks of widespread flu．5. How to get your tax refundAt the storeGet a Global Blue Tax Free Form． If you do not have a SHOP TAX FREE Card, see "How tofil in your Tax Free Forms"．Make sure your Tax Free Form is filled in before arriving at the point of departure．Remember no refund without:Completed Receipts CustomsForm attached validation （验证）At the point of departureFor non﹣EU residents onlyGoods carried in checked﹣in luggage:1． Check your luggage in at the check﹣in counter, tell the check﹣in clerk you need it back for Customs purposes．2． Take the labelled luggage to Customs, show the goods, and have your Tax Free Forms stamped3． Cash in your stamped Form at the appropriate refund service providerGoods carried in hand luggage:1． Go to Customs after passport control, show the goods, and have your Tax Free Forms stamped． Please note: Customs clearance of goods in hand luggage can only take place at the last EU airport before you finally leave the EU．2． Cash in your stamped Form at the appropriate bank counter or post it to the appropriate refund service provider．Allow time for the refund process． Go to Customs before or after check﹣in, see Refund Office list． Present your completed Tax Free Forms, receipts, passport, and purchased items to get a stamp．Go to a Refund Office displaying the Global Blue logo （标识）． Receive your refund paid to your credit card within five days or in cash．In a rush? Mail your stamped and completed Tax Free Forms and receipts back to us in the envelope provided and get your refund paid to your credit card within three weeks．*EU: European Union（1）Whom is the above information intended for？________A EU residents who want to get their tax refunded．B Non﹣EU residents who are going to travel in EU．C EU residents who have Global Blue Tax FreeForms． D Non﹣EU residents who are leaving EU after purchases．．（2）To get your tax refund， you need to________ after having your luggage checked in if you've put your purchased goods in your check﹣in luggage．A show your purchased goods to the check﹣in clerkB cash in your stamped Form at the check﹣in counter．C take back your luggage to the Customs to get astamp D go to the Customs to fill in a form without the luggage．（3）What can be learned from the passage？________A It's a must to attach the receipts to the form to get your tax refund．B It's unnecessary to show your passport to the Customs for a stamp．C You can get your refund in cash after posting your form if in a hurry．D You can get your refund by credit card at once at the appropriate counter．6. A portrait created by artificial intelligence, or Al, made a historic appearance on the auction （拍卖） block at Christie's in New York City this week． It is the first artwork created by an algorithm （算法） to be offered for auction in the world of fine art．The odd﹣looking painting of a fictitious man in a dark coat left the auction block at Christie's for ﹩432, 500 on Oct． 25 in New York City．The portrait designed in the "Old Master" style of European fine artists from centuries ago appears to represent a man with a vague face, dressed in clothing similar to that worn bypeople painted by the Dutch artist Rembrandt van Rijn in the 17th century．Of course, a computer didn't automatically pick up a brush and become an artist． The Al that created the image had human programmers﹣ a Parisian art collective called Obvious, Christie's reported． Their cooperation, titled "Portrait of Edmond De Belamy, " is part of a series of paintings of the fictional Belamy family and was expected to fetch ﹩7, 000 to﹩10, 000, according to Christie's．To create the portrait, the Obvious team first fed the network a diet of 15.000 images painted between the 14th and 20th centuries, to train it to recognize visual elements in fine art, Obvious artist Hugo Caselles﹣Dupré told Christie's． The algorithm that eventually created an original image had two parts that worked against each other． called the Generator （that makes the art） and a Discriminator （that tries to spot the difference between human﹣created and Al﹣created images）, Caselles﹣Dupré explained; they called this Al "generative adversarial network" （GAN）, Caselles﹣Dupré explained．GAN's final image was then printed and framed, according to Obvious． At the bottom of the portrait is a mathematical formula （公式） representing the algorithm that created it, a nod to the relationship between the Generator and the Discriminator, Obvious artists wrote on the collective's website．The goal of the painting and of Obvious, also co﹣founded by Hugo Caselles﹣Dupré and Gauthier Vernier, was to prove "artificial intelligence can do more than operate driverless cars or transform manufacturing it can be creative．, " Consumer News and Business Channel reported．Portraiture is a tough task for Al to take on, according to Christie's, "since humans are highly accustomed to the curves and complexities of a face in a way that a machine cannot be．" This difficulty was part of Obvious' thinking when they created the portrait．"Edmond de Belamy" is one of eleven Al paintings made by Obvious．（1）It can be learned from the passage that the portrait "Edmond de Belamy"________．A was sold at an unexpectedly high priceB was the first artwork sold at anauction C is a painting created by means of brush D is a man who once appeared at the auction．（2）To create a portrait， Al needs to________．A learn from plenty of imagesB use an algorithm with many partsC work against human paintersD recognize its human programmers．（3）What can be concluded from the passage？________A The mathematical formula at the bottom of the portrait is meaningless．B The portrait was made to prove algorithms are able to imitate creativity．C It is more difficult for Al to operate driverless cars than to paint a portrait．D Al is better at painting the curves and complexities of a face than a human．．（4）The passage mainly tells us that________．A Al will soon replace man in some fieldsB an Al﹣created portrait sells high at an auctionC a proper algorithm is the key for Al to create carD Al﹣created paintingsare better received at auctions．Section CDirections：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.7.Is New﹣car Smell Bad for Your Health？The smell of a new car can be appealing in showrooms， for which there's a good reason． That new car smell comes from a mixture of chemicals， some of which can be highly poisonous．（1）________ Many of these contain volatile （挥发性的） organic compounds （VOCs），some of which can be deadly in sufficient quantities． Others are just bad for you．"It's a chemical cocktail made up of lots of poisonous substances，" said Jeff Gearhart，Research Director of the Ecology Center in the US state of Michigan． The Ecology Center has been monitoring and testing chemical levels in the inside of the car for years， and has noted some improvement． But Gearhart says there is still work to be done．"There are over 200 chemical compounds found in vehicles，" he said． "Since these chemicals are not regulated， consumers have no way of knowing the dangers they face．" （2）________ Immediate symptoms can range from a sore throat to headaches， dizziness，etc．， depending on the sensitivity of an individual．According to the US Environmental Protection Agency， continued exposure to some of these can lead to reproductive impacts and damage to some organs and central nervous system﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣or even cancer．The danger is the greatest when the car is new， and that new car smell is most noticeable．（3）________ It is the release of chemical vapours， which leads to the smell． Heat from a vehicle left in the sun car make matters worse， and speed up the chemical reaction． The danger is reduced over time， and experts say the worst is usually over within about six months．Experts advise the best thing that buyers can do to limit exposure is to keep the inside of the car well ventilated （通风的）， especially during the first six months of ownership． Park in the shade with the windows open when it's safe to do so， or at least try to air it out before getting inside﹣especially on not days．IV. Summary Writing8. Directions：Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point （s） of the passagein no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．Take Care of Your Spine （脊柱）The spine stands at the center of your health， providing your body with structure and support． It also contains your spinal cord， a massive collection of nerves that sends electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain． Therefore， it's important to take care of it．Maintaining your good posture is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy． Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight，except for its natural curves． Posture comes into play even when you're asleep． Sleepingon your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions． Having a comfortable bed is also very important as sleeping in a position that isn't comfortable can leave your back feeling sore the next day．Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine． Staying still for too long even if your posture is good﹣ can be hard on your back． Especially if you work at a desk most of the day， it's important to get up and stretch periodically． Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better positions． Strength exercises with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine． However， don't overdo the exercise， as repeated motions can hurt the muscles around your spine．Your diet also affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves． In particular， B vitamins help keep nerves healthy， so you may want to consider taking a． supplement （补充物）． Another important factor is vitamin D， which is essential for strong bones， but． it's also absorbed from sunlight， so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside．V. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.9. 科学家们惊叹于这些植物对城市环境的快速适应．（adaption）________10. 我妹妹的课堂笔记一向一目了然，值得学习．（enough）________11. 那些源自于中国古代文学的角色在这个网络游戏里获得了新生．（originate）________12. 经济全球化是经济发展的必然趋势，它是不以人类的意志为转移的．（independent）________VI. Guided Writing13. Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given belowin Chinese．中华中学为了进一步规范学校的社团建设，提高社团活动的品质，向广大师生征求意见．假设你是该校学生王敏，写一封电子邮件给负责社团的林老师，就你所了解的1﹣2个学校社团发表意见．你的邮件需包括：＞你所了解的学校社团的现状（亮点和不足）及其原因：＞提出你对改进学校社团建设的建议．注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校．2019年上海市崇明区高考英语一模试卷答案1. faster,Although,for,meant,can,to earn,because,being caught,which,that2. I,E,D,C,J,A,G,K,H,F3. BDCADCDBBADACDB4. DCCB5. DCA6. AABB7. E,D,B8. From the passage，we know that it's of great importance to look after the spine， because it provides your body with structure and support．（高分句型一）（保护脊柱的重要性）For one thing， to keep your spine fit you should keep good posture．（好的姿势） For another， exercise also plays an important role in the health of your spine．（锻炼） At last ，what also affects the health of your spine is diet， because of many vitamins， which are necessary for bones and nerves．（高分句型二）（饮食）9. Scientists marvel at the rapid adaptation of these plants to the urban environment．10. My sister's class notes are always clear enough tolearn．11. ThecharactersthatoriginatedfromancientChineseliteraturehavebeenreborninthisonlinega me12. Economicglobalizationistheinexorabletrendofeconomicdevelopment，anditisindependent13. Dear Mr．Lin．There are many club organized by our school， such poet's club， painting clubs， singing and dancing groups， etc．These activities organized by these club provide students with many advantages． First of all， poet's club play a positive role in improving students' appreciation of literature， while painting club enables the students develop all around．【高分句型一】（你所了解的学校社团的现状（亮点和不足）及其原因）However， due to the heavy study burden，the activities in the club are not enough to meet the students' needs． Besides， some students are too absorbed in the club to spare time to study．【高分句型二】In my opinion， our school should teach the students in the club how to balance studies and the activities．（解决措施）Yours，Wan Min。
2019-2020学年上海市崇明中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案
2019-2020学年上海市崇明中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWhat are you waiting for? A new series of movies shown this year can’t be missed. Have you enjoyed them already?Frozen IIFrozen was the highest grossing (票房) animated film ever. In Frozen II Elsa, Anna, Olaf and Krist left off Arendelle to seek thesource of Elsa’s icy magic. Although the millions of children who loved the first film are older now, they might give it a reception.Last ChristmasA festive romantic comedy, Emilia Clarke stars in Last Christmas as Bridget Jonesy , a shop assistant, whose life in London is a mess, and Henry Golding as the eligible bachelor(黄金单身汉)who tidies it up. The film’s director, Paul Feig, and co-writer, Emma Thompson, promise that the film is worth expecting.A Beautiful Day in the NeighborhoodTom Hanks stars in A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood as the only American celebrity(名人) more famous than he is. As the host of Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood for more than 30 years, Fred Rogers is a legend of pre-school children’s television, which appeals to a large audience.Charlie’s AngelsHollywoodaction movies starring women are rare. But have you seen a movie starred, written and directed by women, too? Charlie’s Angels is one of the first. A reboot (翻拍) of the 1970s TV series, not to mention the two films from 2000 and 2003, the new version is directed by Elizabeth Banks. She also plays Bosley, one of the female detectives who are employed by Charles Townsend to go on global adventures.1. Which moviebecame the most popular cartoon film this year?A. Frozen II.B. Last Christmas.C. A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood.D. Charlie’s Angels.2. Which character works on a TV station?A. Krist.B. Emilia Clarke.C. Fred Rogers.D. Bosley.3. Which action movie was directed and starred by a woman?A. Frozen II.B. Last Christmas.C. A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood.D. Charlie’s Angels.BA nurse has fulfilled (实现) a promise she made to her patient four years ago to one day attend her daughter's graduation from nursing school.Edina Habibovic, 22, graduated from Chamberlain University's College of Nursing in 2020. Her mother, Sevala Habibovic, 46, died in2017 after a two year fight with breast cancer.“I thought the medical field wasn't for me. Then, my mom got sick and I had all the experience going in and out of the hospital, ” Edina toldGood MorningAmerica. “When my mom passed away, I thought, ‘I want to dothis.’”she said.Sanja Josipovic, who at the time worked as a home health nurse with Northwestern Medicine in Winfield, Illinois, cared for Sevala inside her home. They often chatted and shared the latest news with each other over six months of care.“She was most worried about Edina because she was young and hadn't finished school yet, ” Sanja said. “We are like sisters; we care about and trust each other. She was a powerful and strong minded woman. She wasn't scared to die; she was just worried about her kids and husband.”Edina said her mother lived for being with her family and taking care of people. “When Sanja was working, my mom would still try to make her something to eat, no matter how sick she was, ” Edina added. When Sevala's life was coming to an end, she asked Sanja to take her place at her youngest daughter's nursing school graduation. “That was the only thing she was going to miss. Edina's graduation, ” said Sanja, who is a mother of three herself. She agreed.Due to COVID -19, there was no graduation or pinning ceremony. Edina's manager at Marianjoy Rehabilitation Hospital decided to host a pinning ceremony for her and have Sanja present the pin. “Sanja has fulfilled her promise, ” Edina said.Edina and Sanja are now caring for patients alongside one another as colleagues at Marianjoy.4. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Leaving the hospitalB. Working as a nurseC. Facing death positivelyD. Caring for Edina's mother5. What can be learned about Sanja and Sevala?A. They enjoyed volunteeringB. They were cancer survivorsC. They had unhappy marriagesD. They developed a close bond6. What would be Sevala's regret?A. The loss of the chance to study medicineB. Her absence from Edina's school graduationC. Failing to keep the promise made to SanjaD. Never cooking a good meal for her husband7. How did Sanja fulfill her promise?A. By taking care of Edina and her familyB. By helping Edina enter her dream hospitalC. By attending a special ceremony for EdinaD. By managing to become Edina's colleagueCA wife’s level of education positively influences both her own and her husband’s chances of having a long life, according to a new Swedish study.In the study, researchers from the Swedish Institute for Social Research inStockholmfound that a woman’s level of education had a stronger connection to the likelihood of her husband dying over education. What’s more, they discovered that a husband’s social class, based on his occupation, had a greater influence on his wife’s longevity(长寿) than her own class.“Women traditionally take more responsibility for the home than men do, and, as a result, women’s levels of education might be more important for determining lifestyles－for example, in terms of food choices－than those of men,” say Srs. Robert Erikson and Jenny Torssander of the Swedish Institute for Social Research inStockholm.The results show that a husband’s level of education does not influence his longevity, but that men with partners who had quit studying after school were 25 per cent more likely to die early than men living with women holding university degrees. In turn, those married to women with university degrees were 13 percent more likely to die early than those whose wives had post-graduate qualifications.According to the researchers, a woman with a good education may not marry a man who drinks and smokes too much or who drives carelessly, and men with such habits may not prefer highly educated woman. Drs. Erikson and Torssander also suggest that better-educated women may be more aware of what healthy eating and good health care consist of.The findings suggest that education has a huge impact on how long and how well people live. It also reflects social factors, since educated individuals usually have better jobs, which allow them to afford healthier diets and lifestyles, as well as better health care.8. In this passage the author intends to ________.A. present the results of a studyB. encourage women to get higher educationC. analyze the relationship between education and lifeD. discuss why women usually live longer than men9. A woman with higher education is likely to ________.A. teach her children wellB. earn more money than her husbandC. marry a man without many bad habitsD. choose a husband with a higher degree than hers10. A wife’s education has more effect on a family than a husband’s because ________.A. women make more sacrifices to their families than men doB. most women have higher degrees than their husbandsC. most men marry women with higher degreesD. women have a leading role in the home life of most families11. We learn from the passage that ________.A. a man with a lot of education lives longer than one with littleB. educated wives tend to choose healthy lifestyles for their familiesC. highly-educated women don’t marry uneducated menD. a man’s longevity depends on not only his wife’s level of education but also his ownDDepression（抑郁症）in young adult males, ages 18 or 19, is linked to a 20% greater risk of having a heart attack in middle age, according to a new Swedish study.The link can be partly explained by poorer stress resilience（抗压能力）and lower physical fitness among teens with mental disorders.Theresearch included 238,013 men born between 1958 and 1962 who were given examinations in adolescence（青春期）and were then followed into middle age（up to the age of 58 years）. A total of 34,503 menwere diagnosed（诊断）with a mental disorder.The study found thata mental disorder in young adulthond was linked to a higher risk of having heart attack by middle age. Compared to men without a mental illness in young adulthood，the risk of heart attack was 20%higher among men with a diagnosis.“We already knew that menwho were physically fit in adolescence seem less likely to keep fitness in later years if they have low stress resilience” said study author Dr. Bergh, “Our research has also shown that low stress resilience is also connected with a greater tendency towards bad behavior, such as higher risks of smoking, drinking and other drug use.”“Better fitness in adolescence is likely to help protect against later heart disease, particularly if people stay fit as they age. Physical activities may also reduce some of the bad effects of stress. Those in poor health could benefit from additional support to encourage exercise and develop plans to deal with stress,” said Bergh.12. How does the author develop paragraph 3?A. By giving examples.B. By listing figures.C. By making a comparison.D. By drawing a conclusion.13. What are men with low stress resilience likely to do?A. Smoke more.B. Eat more.C. Sleep less.D. Do less exercise.14. What will Bergh agree with according to the last paragraph?A. Physical activitiesadd to stress.B. Stress may cause heart disease.C. Taking exercise is unnecessary.D. Staying fit is of great importance.15. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A. Entertainment.B. Health.C. Education.D. Fashion.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
上海市崇明区2019届高三英语一模
崇明区2019届第一次期末质量检测试卷英语I. Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and VocabularySection AElectric Bike Ban in New Y ork Hurts Food Delivery WorkersA ban on electric bicycles in New York City is hurting delivery workers who depend on them to earn a living. Many of the workers are immigrants.Electric bicycles, or “e-bikes,” look like regular bicycles, but they have electric-powered motors to assist riders in moving the bike forward. Most e-bikes reach speeds of about 32 kilometers an hour, but some can go much (21)________ (fast).(22)________ it is legal to own e-bikes in New York City, it is not legal to operate them. Officials there consider the dangerous use of e-bikes on streets and sidewalks as reason (23)________ the ban. Last year, the city announced severe measures (24)________ (mean) to hold e-bike riders and restaurants that employ the riders responsible.E-bike operators can now be fined $500 for breaking the ban. The police (25)________ also seize the bikes.Many of New York’s delivery workers are Chinese immigrants in their 50s and 60s. Their job requires them to work quickly and for long hours (26)________ (earn) enough money to live on.Delivery worker Deqing Lian said it is important to perform quality work (27)________ their job also depends on tips. He added that when delivery workers are too slow, some people refuse to pay for the food. This makes the workers’ supervisors angry.Liqiang Liu is an e-bike delivery worker and spokesperson for the New York Delivery Workers Union. He says (28)________ (catch) breaking the ban and having the bike seized would cause costly delays for workers.Do Lee is with the Biking Public Project, (29)________ provides assistance to bicycle-related workers in New York City. He says the city’s ban on e-bikes is unfairly targeting low-paid workers who largely come from the city’s Latino and Asian communities. He does not accept the argument (30)________ e-bikes present a danger to citizens. However, many New Yorkers are quick to blame e-bike riders for not being safe.People Think Meals Taste Better If They Are ExpensiveIt is said that there’s no such thing as a free lunch, but even if you manage to bag a bargain meal, it will not taste as good as a more expensive meal, according to scientists.A new study has found that restaurant __31__ who pay more for their meals think the food is tastierthan if it is offered for a smaller price. The experts think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their __32__ of how food tastes.Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffet(自助餐) in a restaurant. The price of the food was set by the __33__ at either $4 or $8 for the all-you-can-eat meal. Customers were asked to __34__ how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names.The experiment __35__ that the people who paid $8 for the food enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the “cheaper” buffet. Interestingly those that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they __36__. However, the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total, according to the study __37__ at the Experimental Biology meeting this week.Brian Wansink, a professor of __38__ behavior at the university, said: “We w ere fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats, but a huge impact on how you __39__ the experience.” He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals.In a(n) __40__ study, scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories(卡路里) than people who eat in brightly lit areas.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AHow Climate Change Affects Airline FlightsHot weather has forced dozens of commercial flights to be canceled at airports in the Southwest this summer. This flight-disturbing __41__ is a warning sign. Climate change is projected to have far-reaching __42__ --including sea level rise flooding cities and shifting weather patterns causing long-term declines in agricultural production. And there is evidence that it is beginning to affect the takeoff performance of commercial aircraft, with potential effects on airline __43__.National and global transportation systems and the economic activity they support have been designed for the climate in which it all developed. In the aviation(航空) industry, airports and aircraft are designed for the weather conditions experienced __44__. Because the climate is changing, even fundamental elements like airports and key economic parts like air transportation may need to be __45__.As scientists focused on the impacts of climate change and extreme weather on human society and natural ecosystems around the world, our research has quantified how extreme heat associated with our warming climate may affect __46__ around the world. We’ve found th at major airports from New York to Dubai to Bangkok will see more frequent takeoff weight __47__ in the coming decades due to increasingly common hot temperatures, which can help reduce the aircraft’s weight so as to lower its required takeoff speed.There is obvious evidence that extreme events such as heat waves and coastal flooding are happening with greater frequency and intensity than just a few decades ago. And if we __48__ to reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly in the next few decades, the frequency and intensity of these extremes is projected to increase dramatically.The __49__ on aviation may be widespread. Many airports are built near sea level, putting them atrisk of more frequent __50__ as oceans rise. The frequency and intensity of violent air movement may increase in some regions due to strengthening high-altitude(高海拔的) wind. Stronger winds would force airlines and pilots to change flight lengths and routines, potentially increasing fuel __51__.Many departments of the economy, including the aviation industry, have yet to seriously __52__ the effects of climate change. The sooner, the better: Both airport construction and aircraft design take decades, and have __53__ effects. Today’s newest planes may well be flying in 40 or 50 yea rs, and their __54__ are being designed now. The earlier climate impacts are understood and appreciated, the more effective and less costly adaptation can be. Those adaptations may even include innovative ways to dramatically reduce climate-altering emissions across the aviation industry, which would help reduce the problem while also __55__ it.41. A. scheme B. heat C. shift D. mess42. A. contributions B. confusions C. feedbacks D. consequences43. A. pilots B. reservations C. costs D. accidents44. A. historically B. enormously C. fundamentally D. domestically45. A. retested B. implemented C. prospected D. reengineered46. A. travels B. developments C. flights D. communications47. A. disorders B. gains C. bans D. restrictions48. A. happen B. fail C. aim D. promise49. A. taxes B. effects C. viewpoints D. comments50. A. flooding B. rotting C. repairing D. transferring51. A. standard B. efficiency C. distribution D. consumption52. A. consider B. avoid C. maximize D. demonstrate53. A. greater B. different C. lasting D. direct54. A. airports B. products C. contracts D. replacements55. A. sneezing at B. responding to C. resulting in D. recovering fromSection BDirections : Read the following three passage . Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( A )Flu is killing us. The usual response to the annual flu is not enough to fight against the risks we currently face, let alone prepare us for an even deadlier widespread flu that most experts agree will come in the future. Yes, we have an annual vaccine(疫苗), and everyone qualified should get it without question. The reality , however, is that less than half Americans get the flu vaccines. And the flu vaccines we have are only 60% effective in the best years and 10% effective in the worst years. We urgently need a muchmore effective flu vaccine.In the U.S alone, seasonal flu can cause up to 36 million infections, three-quarters of a million hospitalizations and 56,000 deaths. We are not investing the resources needed to protect ourselves, our loved ones and our communities.Why not? We haven’t been hit by a truly destructive widespread disease in a long time. So as individuals, we let down our guard as our leaders quietly defund and distaff the services we need to protect us.The risk of continued foot dragging is huge. In a severe widespread disease, the U.S health care system could be defeated in just weeks. Millions of people would be infected by the virus, and would die in the weeks and months following the initial outbreak.The cost of preventing epidemics(流行病) is roughly a tenth of what it costs to cope with them when they hit. In 2012, a call was issued for an annual billion-dollar U.S. commitment to the development of a universal flu vaccine. Six years later, the search for a universal vaccine remained seriously underfunded.The simple reason lies in our collective satisfaction. As soon as headlines about the flu are going hospitals are emptied of flu patients, and school and workplace absence rates declines, we go back to business as usual.Leading scientists and public health officials have the capability to keep us much safer from flu. They need your quick and decisive support to succeed. Your action today may be a matter of life and death for you and your loved ones.56. The problem of the current flu vaccines is that __________.A. they are not available every yearB. most Americans are not allowed to get themC. not everyone is qualified for themD. many people still catch flu after getting them57. What does the author mean by “continued foot dragging” in Paragraph 4?A. Hospitals cannot meet the needs of patients during flu outbreaks.B. The leaders continue to drag the feet of the patients infected with fluC. Individuals aren’t alert enough to the underinvestment in flu prevention.D. Flu will certainly become a severe widespread disease in near future.58. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Science is currently not so developed as to keep us safer from flu.B. The death from flu is much higher than that from other diseases.C. The general public is partially to blame for the neglect of flu prevention.D. Developing a universal flu vaccine will cost more than dealing with flu.59. The author wrote the passage mainly to _______-.A. teach people more effective ways to fight against fluB. call on people to take flu outbreaks far more seriouslyC. encourage medical scientists to develop more flu vaccinesD. urge the government to publicize the risks of widespread flu.( B )How to get your tax refundAt the storeGet a Gl obal Blue Tax Free Form. If you do not have a SHOP TAX FREE Card, see” How to fill in your Tax Free Forms.”Make sure your Tax Free Form is filled in before arriving at the point of departure.Remember no refund without:Completed Receipts CustomsForm attached validation(验证)At the point of departureFor non-EU residents onlyGoods carried in checked-in luggage.1. Check your luggage in at the check-in counter; tell the check-in clerk you need it back for Customs purposes.2. Take the labelled luggage to Customs, show the goods, and have your Tax Free Forms stamped.3. Cash in your stamped Form at the appropriate refund service provider._____________________________________________________________________________ Goods carried in hand luggage:1. Go to Customs after passport control, show the goods, and have your Tax Free Forms stamped. Please note: Customs clearance of goods in hand luggage can only take place at the last EU airport before you finally leave the EU.2. Cash in your stamped Form at the appropriate bank counter or post it to the appropriate refund service provider.______________________________________________________________________________ Allow time for the refund process. Go to Customs before or after check-in, see RefundOffice list. Present your completed Tax Free Forms, receipts , passport , and purchaseditems to get a stamp.Go to a Refund Office displaying the Global Blue logo(标识). Receive your refund paid toyour credit card within five days or in cash.In a rush? Mail your stamped and completed Tax Free Forms and receipts back to us in theenvelope provided and get your refund paid to your credit card within three weeks.EU: European Union.60. Whom is the above information intended for?A. EU residents who want to get their tax refunded.B. Non-EU residents who are going to travel in EU.C. EU residents who have Global Blue Tax Free FormsD. Non-EU residents who are leaving EU after purchase.61. To get your tax refund , you need to ________ after having your luggage checked in if you’veput your purchased goods in your check-in luggage.A. show your purchased goods to the check-in clerkB. cash in your stamped Form at the check-in counterC. take back your luggage to the Customs to get a stampD. go to the Customs to fill in a form without the luggage.62. What can be learned from the passage?A. It’s a m ust to attach the receipts to the form to get your tax refundB. It’s unnecessary to show your passport to the Customs for a stampC. You can get your refund in cash after posting your form if in a hurryD. You can get your refund by credit card at once at the appropriate counter.( C )A portrait created by artificial intelligence, or AI, made a historic appearance on the auction(拍卖) block at Christie’s in New York City. It is the first artwork created by an algorithm(算法) to be offered for auction in the world of fine art.The odd-looking painting of a fictitious man in a dark frockcoat left the auction block at Christie’s for a whopping US$432,500 on Oct. 25 in New York City.The portrait —designed in the “Old Master” style reminiscent of European fine artists from centuries ago — only partially fills the canvas, leaving empty space around the central figure. It appears to represent a man with a blurred face, dressed in clothing similar to that worn by subjects painted by the Dutch artist Rembrandt van Rijn in the 17th century.Of course, a computer didn’t automatically pick up a brush and become an artist. The AI that created the image had human programmers---a Parisian art collective called Obvious, Christie’s reported. Their cooperation, titled “Portrait of Edmond De Belamy, ” is part of a series of paintings of the fictional Belamy family and was expected to fetch $7,000 to $10,000, according to Christie’s.To create the portrait, the Obvious team first fed the network a diet of 15,000 images painted between the 14th and 20th centuries, to train it to recognize visual elements in fine art, Obvious artists Hugo Caselles-Dupre’ told Christie’s. The algorithm that eventually created an original image had two parts that worked against each other, called the Generator (that makes the art) and a Discriminator(that tries to spot the difference between human-created and AI-created images), Caselles-Dupre’ explained: they called this AI “generate adversarial network”(GAN), Casells-Dupre’ explained.GAN’s final image was then printed and framed, according to Obvious. At the bottome of the portrait is a mathematical formula(公式) representing the algorithm that created it, a nod to the relationship between the Generator and the Discriminator, Obvious artists wrote on the collective’s website.The goal of the painting and of Obvious, also co-founded by Hugo Caselles-Dupre and Gauthier Vernier, was to prove “artificial intelligence can do more than operate driverless cars or transform manufacturing---it can b e creative,” Consumer News and Business Channel reported.Portraiture is a tough task for AI to take on, according to Christie’s, “since humans are highlyaccustomed to the curves and complexities of a face in a way that a machine cannot be.” This difficul ty was part of Obvious’ thinking when they created the portrait.“Edmond de Belamy” is one of eleven AI paintings made by Obvious.63. It can be learned from the passage that the portrait “Edmond de Belamy”________.A. was sold at an unexpected high priceB. was the first artwork sold at an auctionC. is a painting created by means of brushD. is a man who once appeared at the auction64. To create a portrait, AI needs to ________.A. learn from plenty of imagesB. use an algorithm with many partsC. work against human paintersD. recognize its human programmers65. What can be conclude from the passage?A. The mathematical formula at the bottom of the portrait is meaningless.B. The portrait was made to prove algorithms are able to imitate creativityC. It is more difficult for AI to operate driverless cars than to paint a portrait.D. AI is better at painting the curves and complexities of a face than a human66. The passage mainly tells us that ________.A. AI will soon replace man in some fieldsB. an AI-created portrait sells high at an auctionC. a proper algorithm is the key for AI to create artD. AI-created paintings are better received at auctionsIs New-car Smell Bad for Your Health?The smell of a new car can be appealing in showrooms, for which there’s a good reason. That new car smell comes from a mixture of chemicals, some of which can be highly poisonous._____________. Many of these contain volatile(挥发性的) organic compounds(VOCs), some of which can be deadly in sufficient quantities. Others are just bad for you.“It’s a chemical cocktail made up of lots of poisonous substances,” said Jeff Gearhart, Research Director of the Ecology Center in the US state of Michigan. The Ecology Center has been monitoring and testing chemical levels in the inside of the car for years, and has noted some improvement. But Gearhart says there is still work to be done.“There are over 200 chemical compounds found in vehicles,” he said. “Since these chemicals are not regulated, consumers have no way of knowing the dangers they face.”___________ Immediate symptoms can range from a sore throat to headaches, dizziness, etc., depending on the sensitivity of an individual.According to the US environmental Protection Agency, continued exposure to some of these can lead to reproductive impacts and damage to some organs and central nervous system----or even cancer.___________.The danger is the greatest when the car is new, and the new car smell is most noticeable._________ It is the release of chemical vapours, which leads to the smell. Heat from a vehicle left in the sun can make matters worse, and speed up the chemical reaction. The danger is reduced over time, and experts say the worst is usually within about six months.Experts advise the best thing that buyers can do to limit exposure is to keep the inside of the car well ventilated(通风的), especially during the first months of ownership. Park in the shade with the windo ws open when it’s safe to do so, or at least try to air it out before getting inside----especially on hot days.IV. Summary WritingTake Care of Your Spine (脊柱)The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves that sends electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Therefore, it’s important to take care of it.Maintaining your good posture is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you’re asleep. Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Having a comfortable bed is also very important as sleeping in a position that isn’t comfortable can leave your back feeling sore the next day.Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Staying still for too long---even if your posture is good---can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a desk most of the day, it’s important to get up and stretch periodically. Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better positions. Strength exercise with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don’t overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can hurt the muscles around your spine.Your diet also affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins help keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement(补充物). Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones, but it’s also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 科学家们惊叹于这些植物对城市环境的快速适应。
上海市崇明区2019-2020学年第一学期期末高三年级英语学科教学质量(一模)监测卷(含答案)
2019-2020学年上海市崇明区高三英语一模试卷(考试时间120分钟，满分140分。
请将答案填写在答题纸上）1.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. A housewife. B. A fashion model.C.A shirt designer.D.A shop assistant.2.A. In a bank. B. In a school.C.Ina travel agency.D.In a stock exchange.3.A. It's not good enough.B. It’s none of the woman’s business,C. It’s not true.D. It's out of expectation.4.A. He decided to try a new barbershop.B. The woman mistook him for another guy.C. A different person cut his hair this time.D. Another friend also commented on his hair.5.A. The tipping rule in America.B.Important aspects in American culture.C. The general tax rate in America.D.Tips on understanding American culture.6.A. She doesn’t know where it is.B.She's angry with the man for forgetting it.C. She'd like the man to return it tomorrow.D. She didn't realize the man had borrowed it.7.A. Book a hotel on the campus.B.Reserve a hotel a little far away.C. Call the local hotels again a few days later.D.Ask her parents to come at a different weekend.8.A. She took a history class last term.B.She doesn’t trust the mail.C. She didn’t l like her geography professor.D.She won’t take any history classes.9.A. She doesn’t think it will snow.B. The meeting place has been changed.C. The meeting has been canceled.D. She MI be too tired to walk to the meeting.10. A. He is not an experienced skier at all.B.He has never been to Central Mountain.C. He doesn't plan to go skiing during spring breaks.D. lie doesn’t recommend going to Central Mountain.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. The history of movie-popcorn relationship.B. The reasons for moviegoers loving popcorn.C.The functions of popcorn in movie-watching.D.The special smell of popcorn in movie theaters.12.A. It was considered an unhealthy food.B. It could lower the movie ticket prices.C. It was unpopular with theater owners.D. It could spoil the luxurious atmosphere.13.A. The higher reputation of popcorn.B. The increase of popcorn prices.C. The rise of less luxurious theaters.D. The improvement of popcorn smell.Questions14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. Pearson's plan to publish electronic books in the U.S. college market.B.Pearson's publishing history and its future in the U.S. college market.C. The reasons for the drop of Pearson sales in the U.S. college market.D. The reaction of the U.S. college market to Pearson’s digital publishing.15.A. Parts of Pearson have been sold.B.Pearson has been trying to save money.C. Some employees have left Pearson.D.Pearson’s new textbooks have been costly.16.A. Their publishing time is more predictable.B. They are more adaptable than its printed ones.C. They will be updated more timely.D.1 heir extra learning tools will be free.Questions 17through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A. Opening social media accounts. B. Posting personal photos online.C. Interacting with online followers.D. Finding friendships on social media.18.A. Essential. B. Impolite.C. Comfortable.D. Unwise.19. A. Urging people to make nice comments.B. Encouraging people to become volunteers.C.Providing people with job opportunities.D. Helping people establish life-lasting friendships.20.A. The man is cautious about sharing online.B. The man is ignorant of online opportunities.C. The woman thinks it safer to hide the identity online.D. The woman loves sharing secrets with online friends.Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A 14-year-old Girl Built an App to Help Alzheimer’s patients (老年痴呆症患者）For many teenagers, their lives typically might circle around schoolwork and spending time with friends. Not so for Emma Yang. Though the Hong Kong-born girl is only 14, she(21)________(create) her own mobile app for Alzheimer’s patients already.The Timeless app, which Yang spent two years (22)________(develop), comes with several important features. It is an artificial intelligence-powered facial recognition system in the app (23)________helps Alzheimer’s patients identify people in photos and remember who they are. It also allows photos (24)________(group)by individuals as well as provides a picture-based phone book, which enables a user to tap on photos to call or text a person.The inspiration to develop an app that would help Alzheimer’s patients connect with their loved ones came to Yang at the age of 12, when her grandmother started forgetting things like (25)________she lived and Yang's birthday.“I wanted to create something to help people like my grandmother stay (26)________(connect)with her family,” Yang said. It was a task she was well-prepared to undertake,(27)________venture capitalists didn’t take her work seriously. Yang started a crowd finding campaign in March last year to support her 37/we/es^ app project. That effort raised more than $10,000.At present Yang works with an international team that includes a designer in California and a developer in Cologne, Germany. The chief technology officer of Kairos, the AI company (28)________ technology is used in the Timeless app, is now Yang’s adviser.Yang urged other young, ambitious people to believe in (29)________because the teenagers of today will be tomorrow’s leaders. “Technology has been able to make kids put their ideas into action，’’ she said “(30)________ ________ _______yon get out there and put yourself out there, tell people about your idea and find out who’s onboard and can get behind it，you’ll eventually find that team of people.”Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The Extraordinary Scientist Who Changed Our Understanding of PhysicsThere aren’t very many scientists who achieved rock star status. Stephen Hawking was definitely one of them.Hawking was a theoretical physicist whose early work on black holes __31__ how scientists think about the nature of the universe. Lawrence Krauss, a theoretical physicist from Arizona State University and a friend and colleague of Hawking's, says that at a young age. Hawking __32__ something “truly remarkable”. Krauss says before Hawking，physicists thought that the large gravity of a black hole __33__ everything in and nothing could escape. But by combining quantum mechanics (量子力学）and the theory of relativity, Hawking showed something and changed everything about the way we think about gravity. Krauss says Hawking pointed out a(n) __34__ problem in the way physicists understand our world一a problem that Krauss says has yet to be resolved.But his fame wasn’t just a(n) __35__ of his research. Hawking, who had a rare disease that made it impossible for him to move or speak, was also a popularpublic____36____ and best-selling author. When he came to scientific conferences，the audience focused their attention on him. And it wasn’t just the scientists but the general public as well who showed great __37__ for him. His popular book about his work, A Brief History of Time, was a best-seller. But he agreed that that book was probably the least-read, most-bought book ever. This showed Hawking's sense of humor.That sense of humor, along with his fame, __38__ Hawking to appear on The Simpsons several times as well as on a number of other popular shows.Toward the end of his life, Hawking’s disease left him almost（瘫痪的）.It look an enormous __39__ for Hawking to communicate, using the tiny movements he could make to control a computer. It’s tempting to say that Hawking achieved his fame in spite of his __40__ challenges.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.What did we do to deserve cats and dogs? Not only are they super cute and make us smile on a daily basis, scientists from Washington State University have now proved that touching our favourite__41__ friends gently for just ten minutes is an effective way to reduce stress levels.In findings published in AERA Open — an open access journal published by the AmericanEducational Research Association — last month, scientists showed that the general __42__ of students improves quickly, with even those who are highly-stressed showing ''significant” reduction in cortisol levels — a chemical produced by our bodies in times of stress.Many universities have adopted "Pet Your Stress Away" programs where students can __43__ cats or dogs and it appears to be showing both psychological and physiological benefits now.The research, conducted by Washington State University (WSU), shows that pets improve students' moods, and their __44__ as stress-relieving physiological benefits. “Just 10 minutes can have a significant __45__,” said Patricia Pendry, an associate professor in WSU's Department of Human Development.This is the first study that has demonstrated reductions in students' cortisol levels during a __46__ intervention (介入).The team chose 249 college students and put them into tour random groups and compared the effects of different __47__ to animals. The first group were provided 10 minutes of actual interaction with dogs and cats. The second group waited in line while__48__others petting the animals. The third group watched a slide-show of the same animals, while the fourth group had to __49__and was told they would be allowed to sec the animals after 10 minutes.Salivary cortisol __50__ were collected from each participant starting from the moment they woke up in the morning. There was significantly less cortisol in the saliva of students who had __51__ interaction with the pets.Many universities have started these __52__ where students can interact with cats or dogs to help relieve the pressures of higher education. “We already knew that students enjoy interacting with animals, and that it helps them experience more__53 __ emotions,” Dr. Pendry said. “What we wanted to learn was whether this exposure would help students reduce their stress in a less __54__ way. And it did, which is __55__because the reduction of stress chemicals may, over time, have significant benefits for physical and mental health.”41. A. new B. furry C. close D. personal42. A. endurance B. awareness C. education D. well-being43. A. glance at B. focus on C. interact with D. escape from44. A. presence B. performance C. intelligence D. perseverance45. A. potential B. problem C. chance D. impact46. A. real-life B. part-time C. contributions D. high-quality47. A. responses B. exposures C. contributions D. approaches48. A. keeping B. preventing C. observing D. catching49. A. swear B. wait C. supervise D. appreciate50. A. samples B. levels C. injections D. tips51. A. little B. harmonious C. informal D. direct52. A. campaigns B. programs C. researches D. majors53. A. complex B. intense C. familiar D. positive54. A. subjective B. risky C. mysterious D. effective55. A. demanding B.challenging C. exciting D. disappointingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Every year，the Palace of Fine Arts Theatre in San Francisco fills up with dance lovers. They come to take in experimental works of art that all have one thing in common—hip hop. This weekend the San-Francisco International Hip Hop Dance-Fest celebrates 20 years of presenting electrifying hip hop performances.Each Dance-Fest has diversity (多样化）of style and group size, and a balance of local and out-of-town companies. From Vietnam to Brazil to Uganda to the Czech Republic, the festival has drawn impressive international talent.After a long process, only the most exceptional companies are flown in for Dance-Fest. In fact, outstanding technical dance skills are only a basic standard that the festival organizers are looking for. They look for much more—groups or artists that think outside the box. Artists that use hip hop in a theatrical way or to address social issues are sure to stand out. For instance, the 2010 performance "Tables and Chairs” served to underline the negative effects of alcoholism on society.It would be terribly irresponsible not to mention the founder, Micaya，in any introduction to Dance-Fest. A popular hip hop dance instructor, Micaya began producing high energy dance shows in the heart of San Francisco in 1993.Students of all ages and backgrounds love her classes so much that a San-Francisco newspaper once described her as “Best Dance Instructor”.However，Micaya was concerned about the then dubious reputation of hip hop. She made it her goal to get hip hop the same recognition and respect as other dance forms. In 1999 she started Dance-Fest. It was the first festival of its kind to honor the creativity of hip hop dance in a non-competitive atmosphere. To Micaya, competitive Riles leave little room for the magic that comes from true expression. One review said, Micaya's festival challenges us “to reconsider just how diverse and embracing hip hop can now be.” Indeed, Micaya brings out the best in dancers, and has given San Francisco one of its finest festivals.56. What is the passage mainly about?A. The creativity of hip hop.B. The characteristics and the history of Dance-Fest.C. The best instructor of hip hop.D. The unique Riles and the challenge of Dance-Fest.57. Hip-hop dancers are more likely to be chosen for Dance-fest if they cannot only dance skillfully but alsoA. dance on the outside of the boxB. give up drinking alcohol before dancingC. handle social problems with their danceD. show their technical dance skills in theaters58. By “dubious reputation” in the last paragraph，the author means hip hop back then.A. was forbidden in publicB. was considered something badC. received too much attentionD. lacked creativity and competition59. What can be concluded about Dance-Fest?A. It is a competition for hip hop dancers.B. It is a dance festival for various dance forms.C. It is successful in popularizing hip hop.D. It is better respected than other dance festivals.(B)undable Deposit is refundable, and shall be w ithout interest and without taking into accoun t changes in exchange rates. ood cause and full consultation wit h parents / guardians and the pupil. Parents / guardians have the right to appeal to the Orbital Education International Schools Development Officer on a decision to permanent ly exclude a pupil.60. The passage can most probably be found in the part “_______” in a schools admissions booklet.A. Application ProceduresB. Terms and ConditionsC. Frequently Asked QuestionsD. Acknowledgement and Declaration61. What can be learned about tuition fees?A. Tuition fees are usually paid after pupils gel their school reports.B. Tuition fees can be paid according to the number of days attended.C. There fundable deposit can be used to pay the tuition after the due date.D. A pupil may be removed from school if part of his tuition fees is overdue.62. It can be inferred from the passage that_______.A. a pupil can withdraw from the school as soon as his guardian gives a written noticeB. there fundable deposit should be paid after the pupil begins study in the schoolC. both the school and the guardian can determine the pupils place in the schoolD. the school’s admissions and entry policies remain the same all these years(C)Data centres and smart-phones will be the most damaging information and communications technologies (ICT) to the environment by 2040, according to new research from W Booth School's Lotfi Belkhir.At the end of winter term in 2014, Lotfi Belkhir was approached by a student taking his Total Sustainability and Management course who asked, “What does software sustainability mean?” The Entrepreneurship and Innovation Associate Professor at the W Booth School of Engineering Practic e and Technology didn’t have an answer.Belkhir teaches students to think creatively about sustainability tools that can be applied to their ventures. But his tools, at the time, mainly applied to hardware, not software.The student's question inspired Belkhir's latest research on the global emissions footprint of information and communications technology.Belkhir, along with Ahmed Elmeligi, a recent W Booth graduate and co-founder of HINT(Healthcare Innovation in Neuro Technology), studied the carbon footprint of consumer devices such as smart-phones, laptops, tablets, desktops as well as data centres and communication networks as early as 2005. Their findings were published in the Journal of Cleaner Production.Not only did they discover that software is driving the consumption of ICI, they also found that ICI has a greater impact on emissions than we thought and most emissions come from production and operation.“For every text message, for every - phone call, every video you upload or download, there's a data centre making this happen.” Belkhir explains.' Telecommunications networks and data centres consume a lot of energy to serve you and most data centres continue to be powered by electricity produced by traditional fuels. It’s the energy consumption we don’t see.”Among all the devices, ti*ends suggest that by 2020, the most damaging devices to the environment are smart-phones. While smart-phones consume little energy to operate. 85% of their emissions impact comes from production.A smart-phone’s chi p and motherboard (芯片牙口主板）require the most amount of energy to produce as they are made up of precious metals that are mined at ahigh cost. Smart-phones also have a short life which drives further production of new models and an extraordinary - amount of waste.Belkirhas made policy recommendations based on his findings."Communication and data centres have to go under renewable energy now. The good news is Google and Facebook data centres are going to am on renewable energy. But there needs to be a policy in place so that all data centres follow. Also. It’s not sustainable to have a two-year plan for smart-phones.”63. The story between Lotfi Belkhir and his student in 2014 was mentioned to_______.A. explain the importance of software sustainabilityB. illustrate the inspiration for Belkhir's latest researchC. reveal the damaging impact of ICT on the environmentD. show Belcher’s student's creativity and critical thinking64. One reason why smart-phones may be the most damaging devices of all to the environment by 2020 is that_______.A. they are more precious than other devicesB. they drive the greatest consumption of ICTC. they are frequently replaced by new modelsD. they need large amounts of energy to operate65. To reduce the emission of ICT, Lotfi Belkhir suggests that _______.A. longer plans be made to create renewable data centresB. sustainable materials be invented to produce smart-phonesC. policies be established to advocate everlasting smart-phonesD. green energy be used to operate communication and data centres66. What is the main idea of the passage?A. ICT does greater harm to the environment than thought.B. Software can do irreversible damage to the environment.C. Software is more damaging to the environment than hardware.D. ICT will have the greatest impact on the environment by 2040.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.But setting up the aeroponic farm was not easy.B.The government wants to greatly expand this percentage.C.Many of the commercial aeroponic systems are relatively costly.D.Aeroponics, however, does not require traditional farm work or much land.E.Growing with aeroponics is not difficult and its benefits far outweigh any disadvantages.F.It could make a big difference in places where huge amounts of land have been made unfarmable.Growing Food from Air in NigeriaA group of farmers in Nigeria is using a technology-based method to grow crops from mist (水汽) in the air. The method, known as aeroponics, does not involve soil. Instead, plant roots hang in the air. The roots take in nutrients from a watery mist.Aeroponics is not well-known in Nigeria, but farmers there are working to make the technique more popular. ______67______Biochemist Samson Ogbole is popularly known as Nigeria's smart farmer. He and his team are growing crops without soil at the technology-based farm they started three years ago ill Abeokuta. Ogbole says they are on a campaign to end seasonal food scarcity in Nigeria. "Because we are the ones controlling everything that the plant requires, we are not depending on seasons. So it’s no longer seasonal farming. It is just farming anytime of the year，meaning we can plant anytime of the year, and we can harvest anytime of the year.”________68________It required financing of more than $180,000. And some people in Abeokuta were very much against this non-traditional method of farming. It took a lot of effort to change peopled minds about aeroponics.In Nigeria, about 30 million hectares of farmland is being used, instead of the 78.5 million hectares required for food security. In the north, only 49 percent of the l and is fertile, a situation that worries traditional farmers. ________69_________ Nutrients for the plants are controlled by a recycling system, greatly increasing productivity.Philippines is director general of Nigeria's National Agricultural Seeds Council. He says the government welcomes new farming methods. Ojo noted that with aeroponics, farmers can quickly increase planting materials. So, his group strongly supports the technology.The agricultural industry represents about 40 percent of Nigeria’s economy. _______70________ For now, most farmers lack the technical knowledge to increase productivity. They also need access to high-quality seeds to guarantee better harvests. Technologically skilled farmers like Samson Ogbole are offering a new way forward.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Giving ThanksThis is the season for taking the time to reflect on what we're thankful for in life. Spending that time with friends and family to give thanks is what makes the holidays so special. But why should we limit it to just a few weeks in the years? Gratitude is a muscle we should strengthen year-round to make us healthier, happier humans and leaders.Emmons, through his research, found that grateful people reported feeling healthier, both mentally and physically. Specifically, those who were grateful were 25percent happier than those who weren't. In the workplace, well-being is a crucial topic when it comes to preventing employee burn-out and promoting engagement. Beyond the research that shows that employees who are shown that they are appreciated arc more productive by 50 percent, caring for your employees’ w ell-being is simply the right thing to do. Providing programs that support managing life's everyday challenges, offering fitness classes orimplementing flexible work schedules are just a few things that, when paired with gratitude, can lead to more productive, engaged and happier working professionals.Working in an ever-evolving, fast-paced industry, I am surrounded by ambitious people who are always striving for more and better. Gratitude challenges yon to reflect in the moment instead of always thinking about the future. It starts by paying attention to what's going on in your life, and that true self-awareness is a key ingredient to being successful in your career.Gratitude is a powerful tool for strengthening relationships, both at work and in your personal life. People who express their gratitude tend to be more willing to forgive others and therefore able to create long-lasting connections.The old saying goes “It’s never too late to say you’re sorry,” but the same is true of gratitude. That’s a gift worth celebrating 365 days a year.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 出于好奇，杰克向村民们打听了这座城堡的历史。
2019届崇明区高考英语一模
崇明区2019届第一次高考模拟考试试卷英语I. Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and VocabularySection AElectric Bike Ban in New Y ork Hurts Food Delivery WorkersA ban on electric bicycles in New York City is hurting delivery workers who depend on them to earn a living. Many of the workers are immigrants.Electric bicycles, or “e-bikes,” look like regular bicycles, but they have electric-powered motors to assist riders in moving the bike forward. Most e-bikes reach speeds of about 32 kilometers an hour, but some can go much (21)________ (fast).(22)________ it is legal to own e-bikes in New York City, it is not legal to operate them. Officials there consider the dangerous use of e-bikes on streets and sidewalks as reason (23)________ the ban. Last year, the city announced severe measures (24)________ (mean) to hold e-bike riders and restaurants that employ the riders responsible.E-bike operators can now be fined $500 for breaking the ban. The police (25)________ also seize the bikes.Many of New York’s delivery workers are Chinese immigrants in their 50s and 60s. Their job requires them to work quickly and for long hours (26)________ (earn) enough money to live on.Delivery worker Deqing Lian said it is important to perform quality work (27)________ their job also depends on tips. He added that when delivery workers are too slow, some people refuse to pay for the food. This makes the workers’ supervisors angry.Liqiang Liu is an e-bike delivery worker and spokesperson for the New York Delivery Workers Union. He says (28)________ (catch) breaking the ban and having the bike seized would cause costly delays for workers.Do Lee is with the Biking Public Project, (29)________ provides assistance to bicycle-related workers in New York City. He says the city’s ban on e-bikes is unfairly targeting low-paid workers who largely come from the city’s Latino and Asian communities. He does not accept the argument (30)________ e-bikes present a danger to citizens. However, many New Yorkers are quick to blame e-bike riders for not being safe.People Think Meals Taste Better If They Are ExpensiveIt is said that there’s no such thing as a free lunch, but even if you manage to bag a bargain meal, it will not taste as good as a more expensive meal, according to scientists.A new study has found that restaurant __31__ who pay more for their meals think the food is tastierthan if it is offered for a smaller price. The experts think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their __32__ of how food tastes.Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffet(自助餐) in a restaurant. The price of the food was set by the __33__ at either $4 or $8 for the all-you-can-eat meal. Customers were asked to __34__ how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names.The experiment __35__ that the people who paid $8 for the food enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the “cheaper” buffet. Interestingly those that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they __36__. However, the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total, according to the study __37__ at the Experimental Biology meeting this week.Brian Wansink, a professor of __38__ behavior at the university, said: “We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats, but a huge impact on how you __39__ the experience.” He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals.In a(n) __40__ study, scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories(卡路里) than people who eat in brightly lit areas.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AHow Climate Change Affects Airline FlightsHot weather has forced dozens of commercial flights to be canceled at airports in the Southwest this summer. This flight-disturbing __41__ is a warning sign. Climate change is projected to have far-reaching __42__ --including sea level rise flooding cities and shifting weather patterns causing long-term declines in agricultural production. And there is evidence that it is beginning to affect the takeoff performance of commercial aircraft, with potential effects on airline __43__.National and global transportation systems and the economic activity they support have been designed for the climate in which it all developed. In the aviation(航空) industry, airports and aircraft are designed for the weather conditions experienced __44__. Because the climate is changing, even fundamental elements like airports and key economic parts like air transportation may need to be __45__.As scientists focused on the impacts of climate change and extreme weather on human society and natural ecosystems around the world, our research has quantified how extreme heat associated with our warming climate may affect __46__ around the world. We’ve found that major airports from New York to Dubai to Bangkok will see more frequent takeoff weight __47__ in the coming decades due to increasingly common hot temperatures, which can help reduce the aircraft’s weight so as to lower its required takeoff speed.There is obvious evidence that extreme events such as heat waves and coastal flooding are happening with greater frequency and intensity than just a few decades ago. And if we __48__ to reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly in the next few decades, the frequency and intensity of these extremes is projected to increase dramatically.The __49__ on aviation may be widespread. Many airports are built near sea level, putting them atrisk of more frequent __50__ as oceans rise. The frequency and intensity of violent air movement may increase in some regions due to strengthening high-altitude(高海拔的) wind. Stronger winds would force airlines and pilots to change flight lengths and routings, potentially increasing fuel __51__.Many departments of the economy, including the aviation industry, have yet to seriously __52__ the effects of climate change. The sooner, the better: Both airport construction and aircraft design take decades, and have __53__ effects. Today’s newest planes may well be flying in 40 or 50 years, and their __54__ are being designed now. The earlier climate impacts are understood and appreciated, the more effective and less costly adaptation can be. Those adaptations may even include innovative ways to dramatically reduce climate-altering emissions across the aviation industry, which would help reduce the problem while also __55__ it.41. A. scheme B. heat C. shift D. mess42. A. contributions B. confusions C. feedbacks D. consequences43. A. pilots B. reservations C. costs D. accidents44. A. historically B. enormously C. fundamentally D. domestically45. A. retested B. implemented C. prospected D. reengineered46. A. travels B. developments C. flights D. communications47. A. disorders B. gains C. bans D. restrictions48. A. happen B. fail C. aim D. promise49. A. taxes B. effects C. viewpoints D. comments50. A. flooding B. rotting C. repairing D. transferring51. A. standard B. efficiency C. distribution D. consumption52. A. consider B. avoid C. maximize D. demonstrate53. A. greater B. different C. lasting D. direct54. A. airports B. products C. contracts D. replacements55. A. sneezing at B. responding to C. resulting in D. recovering fromSection BDirections : Read the following three passage . Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( A )Flu is killing us. The usual response to the annual flu is not enough to fight against the risks we currently face, let alone prepare us for an even deadlier widespread flu that most experts agree will come in the future. Yes, we have an annual vaccine(疫苗), and everyonequalified should get it without question. The reality , however, is that less than half Americans get the flu vaccines. And the flu vaccines we have are only 60% effective in the best years and 10% effective in the worst years. We urgently need a muchmore effective flu vaccine.In the U.S alone, seasonal flu can cause up to 36 million infections, three-quarters of a million hospitalizations and 56,000 deaths. We are not investing the resources needed to protect ourselves, our loved ones and our communities.Why not? We haven’t been hit by a truly destructive widespread disease in a long time. So as individuals, we let down our guard as our leaders quietly defund and distaff the services we need to protect us.The risk of continued foot dragging is huge. In a severe widespread disease, the U.S health care system could be defeated in just weeks. Millions of people would be infected by the virus, and would die in the weeks and months following the initial outbreak.The cost of preventing epidemics(流行病) is roughly a tenth of what it costs to cope with them when they hit. In 2012, a call was issued for an annual billion-dollar U.S. commitment to the development of a universal flu vaccine. Six years later, the search for a universal vaccine remained seriously underfunded.The simple reason lies in our collective satisfaction. As soon as headlines about the flu are going hospitals are emptied of flu patients, and school and workplace absence rates declines, we go back to business as usual.Leading scientists and public health officials have the capability to keep us much safer from flu. They need your quick and decisive support to succeed. Your action today may be a matter of life and death for you and your loved ones.56. The problem of the current flu vaccines is that __________.A. they are not available every yearB. most Americans are not allowed to get themC. not everyone is qualified for themD. many people still catch flu after getting them57. What does the author mean by “continued foot dragging” in Paragraph 4?A. Hospitals cannot meet the needs of patients during flu outbreaks.B. The leaders continue to drag the feet of the patients infected with fluC. Individuals aren’t alert enough to the underinvestment in flu prevention.D. Flu will certainly become a severe widespread disease in near future.58. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Science is currently not so developed as to keep us safer from flu.B. The death from flu is much higher than that from other diseases.C. The general public is partially to blame for the neglect of flu prevention.D. Developing a universal flu vaccine will cost more than dealing with flu.59. The author wrote the passage mainly to _______-.A. teach people more effective ways to fight against fluB. call on people to take flu outbreaks far more seriouslyC. encourage medical scientists to develop more flu vaccinesD. urge the government to publicize the risks of widespread flu.( B)How to get your tax refundAt the storeGet a Global Blue Tax Free Form. If you do not have a SHOP TAX FREE Card, see” How to fill in your Tax Free Forms.”Make sure your Tax Free Form is filled in before arriving at the point of departure.Remember no refund without:Completed Receipts CustomsForm attached validation(验证)At the point of departureFor non-EU residents onlyGoods carried in checked-in luggage.1. Check your luggage in at the check-in counter; tell the check-in clerk you need it back for Customs purposes.2. Take the labelled luggage to Customs, show the goods, and have your Tax Free Forms stamped.3. Cash in your stamped Form at the appropriate refund service provider._____________________________________________________________________________ Goods carried in hand luggage:1. Go to Customs after passport control, show the goods, and have your Tax Free Forms stamped. Please note: Customs clearance of goods in hand luggage can only take place at the last EU airport before you finally leave the EU.2. Cash in your stamped Form at the appropriate bank counter or post it to the appropriate refund service provider.______________________________________________________________________________ Allow time for the refund process. Go to Customs before or after check-in, see RefundOffice list. Present your completed Tax Free Forms, receipts , passport , and purchaseditems to get a stamp.Go to a Refund Office displaying the Global Blue logo(标识). Receive your refund paid toyour credit card within five days or in cash.In a rush? Mail your stamped and completed Tax Free Forms and receipts back to us in theenvelope provided and get your refund paid to your credit card within three weeks.EU: European Union.60. Whom is the above information intended for?A. EU residents who want to get their tax refunded.B. Non-EU residents who are going to travel in EU.C. EU residents who have Global Blue Tax Free FormsD. Non-EU residents who are leaving EU after purchase.61. To get your tax refund , you need to ________ after having your luggage checked in if you’veput your purchased goods in your check-in luggage.A. show your purchased goods to the check-in clerkB. cash in your stamped Form at the check-in counterC. take back your luggage to the Customs to get a stampD. go to the Customs to fill in a form without the luggage.62. What can be learned from the passage?A. It’s a must to attach the receipts to the fo rm to get your tax refundB. It’s unnecessary to show your passport to the Customs for a stampC. You can get your refund in cash after posting your form if in a hurryD. You can get your refund by credit card at once at the appropriate counter.( C )A portrait created by artificial intelligence, or AI, made a historic appearance on the auction(拍卖) block at Christie’s in New York City. It is the first artwork created by an algorithm(算法) to be offered for auction in the world of fine art.The odd-look ing painting of a fictitious man in a dark frockcoat left the auction block at Christie’s for a whopping US$432,500 on Oct. 25 in New York City.The portrait —designed in the “Old Master” style reminiscent of European fine artists from centuries ago — only partially fills the canvas, leaving empty space around the central figure. It appears to represent a man with a blurred face, dressed in clothing similar to that worn by subjects painted by the Dutch artist Rembrandt van Rijn in the 17th century.Of cou rse, a computer didn’t automatically pick up a brush and become an artist. The AI that created the image had human programmers---a Parisian art collective called Obvious, Christie’s reported. Their cooperation, titled “Portrait of Edmond De Belamy, ” is pa rt of a series of paintings of the fictional Belamy family and was expected to fetch $7,000 to $10,000, according to Christie’s.To create the portrait, the Obvious team first fed the network a diet of 15,000 images painted between the 14th and 20th centuries, to train it to recognize visual elements in fine art, Obvious artists Hugo Caselles-Dupre’ told Christie’s. The algorithm that eventually created an original image had two parts that worked against each other, called the Generator (that makes the art) and a Discriminator(that tries to spot the difference between human-created and AI-created images), Caselles-Dupre’ explained: they called this AI “generate adversarial network”(GAN), Casells-Dupre’ explained.GAN’s final image was then printed and fra med, according to Obvious. At the bottome of the portrait is a mathematical formula(公式) representing the algorithm that created it, a nod to the relationship between the Generator and the Discriminator, Obvious artists wrote on the collective’s website.The goal of the painting and of Obvious, also co-founded by Hugo Caselles-Dupre and Gauthier Vernier, was to prove “artificial intelligence can do more than operate driverless cars or transform manufacturing---it can be creative,” Consumer News and Busines s Channel reported.Portraiture is a tough task for AI to take on, according to Christie’s, “since humans are highlyaccustomed to the curves and complexities of a face in a way that a machine cannot be.” This difficulty was part of Obvious’ thinking when they created the portrait.“Edmond de Belamy” is one of eleven AI paintings made by Obvious.63. It can be learned from the passage that the portrait “Edmond de Belamy”________.A. was sold at an unexpected high priceB. was the first artwork sold at an auctionC. is a painting created by means of brushD. is a man who once appeared at the auction64. To create a portrait, AI needs to ________.A. learn from plenty of imagesB. use an algorithm with many partsC. work against human paintersD. recognize its human programmers65. What can be conclude from the passage?A. The mathematical formula at the bottom of the portrait is meaningless.B. The portrait was made to prove algorithms are able to imitate creativityC. It is more difficult for AI to operate driverless cars than to paint a portrait.D. AI is better at painting the curves and complexities of a face than a human66. The passage mainly tells us that ________.A. AI will soon replace man in some fieldsB. an AI-created portrait sells high at an auctionC. a proper algorithm is the key for AI to create artD. AI-created paintings are better received at auctionsIs New-car Smell Bad for Y our Health?The smell of a new car can be appealing in showrooms, for which there’s a good reason. That new car smell comes from a mixture of chemicals, some of which can be highly poisonous._____________. Many of these contain volatile(挥发性的) organic compounds(VOCs), some of which can be deadly in sufficient quantities. Others are just bad for you.“It’s a chemical cocktail made up of lots of poisonous substances,” said Jeff Gearhart, Research Director of the Ecology Center in the US state of Michigan. The Ecology Center has been monitoring and testing chemical levels in the inside of the car for years, and has noted some improvement. But Gearhart says there is still work to be done.“There are over 200 chemical compounds found in vehicles,” he said. “Since these chemicals are not regulated, consumers have no way of knowing the dangers they face.”___________ Immediate symptoms can range from a sore throat to headaches, dizziness, etc., depending on the sensitivity of an individual.According to the US environmental Protection Agency, continued exposure to some of these can lead to reproductive impacts and damage to some organs and central nervous system----or even cancer.___________.The danger is the greatest when the car is new, and the new car smell is most noticeable._________ It is the release of chemical vapours, which leads to the smell. Heat from a vehicle left in the sun can make matters worse, and speed up the chemical reaction. The danger is reduced over time, and experts say the worst is usually within about six months.Experts advise the best thing that buyers can do to limit exposure is to keep the inside of the car well ventilated(通风的), especiallyduring the first months of ownership. Park in the shade with the windows open when it’s safe to do so, or at least t ry to air it out before getting inside----especially on hot days.IV. Summary WritingTake Care of Your Spine (脊柱)The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves that sends electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Therefore, it’s important to take care of it.Maintaining your good posture is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you’re asleep. Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Having a comfortable bed is also very important as sleeping in a position that isn’t comfortable can leave your back feeling sore the next day.Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Staying still for too long---even if your posture is good---can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a desk most of the day, it’s important to get up and stretch periodically. Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better positions. Strength exercise with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don’t overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can hurt the muscles around your spine.Your diet also affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins help keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement(补充物). Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones, but it’s also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 科学家们惊叹于这些植物对城市环境的快速适应。
2018年12月上海市2019届崇明区高三英语一模试题及参考答案
崇明区2019届第一次高考模拟考试试卷英语(考试时间120分钟,满分140分。
请将答案填写在答题纸上)Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.In a charity shop. B.In a laundryC.In a dormitory.D.In a clothing store.2. A.$114. B.$86. C.$14. D.$43.3. A.A librarian.В.A secretary. C.A reporter. D.An accountant.4. A.Purchase some ingredientsB.Give the man instructions for the soup.C.Check to see if the soup is ready.D.Write down the directions to the supermarket.5. A.Chocolate is his favourite flavor.B.There's no more chocolate pudding left.C.He doesn't want any chocolate pudding.D.He's already tasted the chocolate pudding.6. A.She hasn't called the travel agency yet.B.She doesn't know when her semester ends.C.The man may have to reschedule his trip.D.The man should take his vacation somewhere else.7. A.Get a ticket from his sister.B.Help his sister out of her conflict.C.Go to the concert with his sister.D.Get a schedule of future performances.8. A.Meet his advisor.B.Track his adviserC.Adjust his course scheduleD.Follow his course schedule as advised.9. A.He has already paid his landlord for next year's rent.B.He's decided how he's going to spend the prize money.C.He doesn't know how much his rent is going to increase.D.He's already planning to enter for next year's essay contest10. A.The man can use her electronic dictionary.B.The man should buy a new paper dictionary.C.She can show the man how to use the dictionaryD.She will work more efficiently with his dictionary.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of them.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11. A.Napping may help prevent seniors'memory lossB.Sleep is good for us both mentally and physically.C.Many Americans do not want to admit they take a nap.D.Taking naps is very common in other parts of the world.12. A.They are afraid of becoming lazy.B.They don't think napping is common.C.They are too energetic to need a nap.D.They don't want to be considered weak.13. A.Napping is not as effective for people with sleep disorders.B.Napping cafes have been quite common in American cities.C.Resting in the middle of the work day may cost a lot of moneyD.Many Americans are changing their offices into napping roomsQuestions14through16are based on the following passage.14. A.A recent survey on unfriendly neighbours.B.A growth in complaints about neighbours.C.The increasing noises made by neighbours.D.Different views on relations between neighbours.15. A.Selfish attitudes. B.High immigration.C.More crowded space.D.Unwillingness to socialize.16. A.We ought to understand the instances better.B.Explanations for the instances have increased.C.It's easier to make complaints on TV channels.D.The problem can be viewed from another angle.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation17. A.The place to buy soap. B.The plans to survive on the campus.C.The way to use drying machines.D.The steps to wash clothes with machines18. A.It can promote bacteria growth. B.It can produce dirt in the clothes.C.It can be a waste of water and soap.D.It can leave bubbles in the machine19. A.Excited. B.Shocked. C.Disappointed D.Embarrassed20. A.The woman's mother seldom does things for her.B.American kids become independent even before ten.C.The man and the woman are from different countries.D.In the eye of the man's mother,independence is important.(A)Flu is killing us.The usual response to the annual flu is not enough to fight against the risks we currently face,let alone prepare us for an even deadlier widespread flu that most experts agree will come in the future.Yes,we have an annual vaccine(疫苗),and everyone qualified should get it without question.The reality,however,is that less than half Americans get the flu vaccines.And the flu vaccines we have are only60%effective in the best years and10%effective in the worst years.We urgently need a much more effective flu vaccine.In the U.S.alone,seasonal flu can cause up to36million infections,three-quarters of a million hospitalizations and56,000deaths.We are not investing the resources needed to protect ourselves,our loved ones and our communitiesWhy not?We haven't been hit by a truly destructive widespread disease in a long time. So as individuals,we let down our guard as our leaders quietly defund and destaff the services we need to protect us.The risk of continued foot dragging is huge.In a severe widespread disease,the U.S. health care system could be defeated in just lions of people would be infected by the virus,and would die in the weeks and months following the initial outbreak.The cost of preventing epidemics(流行病)is roughly a tenth of what it costs to cope with themwhen they hit.In2012,a call was issued for an annual billion-dollar U.S. commitment to the development of a universal flu vaccine.Six years later,the search for a universal vaccine remains seriously underfunded.The simple reason lies in our collective satisfaction.As soon as headlines about the flu are going to hospitals are emptied of flu patients,and school and workplace absence rates decline,we go back to business as usual.Leading scientists and public health officials have the capability to keep us much safer from flu.They need your quick and decisive support to succeed.Your action today may be a matter of life and death for you and your loved ones56.The problem of the current flu vaccines is that______.A.they are not available every yearB.most Americans are not allowed to get themC.not everyone is qualified for themD.many people still catch flu after getting them57.What does the author mean by"continued foot dragging"in Paragraph4?A.Hospitals cannot meet the needs of patients during flu outbreaks.B.The leaders continue to drag the feet of the patients infected with flu.C.Individuals aren't alert enough to the underinvestment in flu prevention.D.Flu will certainly become a severe widespread disease in the near future.58.What can be inferred from the passage?A.Science is currently not so developed as to keep us safer from flu.B.The death rate from flu is much higher than that from other diseases.C.The general public is partially to blame for the neglect of flu prevention.D.Developing a universal flu vaccine will cost more than dealing with flu.you do not havein before arrivingMaintaining your good posture is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy.Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight,except for its natural curves.Posture comes into play even when you're asleep. Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions.Having a comfortable bed is also very important as sleeping in a position that isn't comfortable can leave your back feeling sore the next day.Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine.Staying still for too long even if your posture is good-can be hard on your back.Especially if you work at a desk most of the day,it's important to get up and stretch periodically.Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better positions.Strength exercises with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine.However,don't overdo the exercise,as repeated motions can hurt the muscles around your spine.Your diet also affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves.In particular,B vitamins help keep nerves healthy,so you may want to consider taking a.supplement(补充物).Another important factor is vitamin D,which is essential for strong bones,but.it's also absorbed from sunlight,so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside.原文出处：UnknownV.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.科学家们惊叹于这些植物对城市环境的快速适应。
崇明2019届高三英语一模答案复习过程
崇明2019届高三英语一模答案崇明区2019届第一次高考模拟考试英语参考答案及评分标准I. Listening Comprehension（共25分。
第1至10小题，每题1分；第11至20小题，每题1.5分。
）1. B2. D3. D4. B5. C6. C7. A8. A 9. B 10. A11. A 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C 16. D 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. CII. Grammar and Vocabulary（共20分。
每小题1分。
）21. faster 22. Although/Though/While 23. for 24. meant25. can26. to earn 27. because/as/since 28. being caught 29. which 30. that31. I 32. E 33. D 34. C 35. J 36. A 37. G 38. K 39. H 40. FIII. Reading Comprehension（共45分。
第41至55小题，每题1分；第56至70小题，每题2分。
）41. B 42. D 43. C 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. B 50. A51. D 52. A 53. C 54. D 55. B 56. D 57. C 58. C 59. B 60. D61. C 62. A 63. A 64. A 65. B 66. B 67. E 68. D 69. A 70. CIV. Summary Writing（共10分）Central to health, your spine needs your good care. First, keep a good posture, including standing or sitting straight and sleeping on your side in a comfortable bed. Second, avoid keeping a same posture for long and take proper exercise to relax and strengthen spine muscles. Third, have a diet with enough vitamins for healthy bones and nerves. (58 words)评分标准：1. 本题总分为10分, 其中内容5分, 语言5分。
2019-2020学年崇明县向化中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案
2019-2020学年崇明县向化中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ASwimming Holes in AmericaIn America, these secret swimming holes are hidden and hard to reach but well worth the adventure.Cummins FallsLooking for the best place to escape the summer heat in the heartland of America? For more than 100 years, Cummins Falls, a scenic,75-foot waterfall located in Jackson County, TN, has been a treasure for Tennessee natives. But now, the secret is out! Although it’s a bit tough to get to, once in the park, the mountains and river provide unmatched beauty on your way to taking a swim in Tennessee's eighth-largest waterfall.Sliding RockA popular place to cool off during those hot North Carolina summers, Sliding Rock waterfall is located in the Pisgah National Forest in Transylvania County. A flattened rock about 60 feet lies in a nearly 7-foot-deep pool at the bottom, making this natural waterslide a great place to visit with people of all ages.Mooney FallsIt is the tallest water feature in the Grand Canyon, rising 190 feet above the surface. Named after an explorer in the 1800s, Mooney Falls is accessible only by crawling（爬）through 2 underground passages and then climbing down a sheer cliff（峭壁）face with just a couple of chains to hold on to. Although it is tough to get to, the view and the cool alone make it worth the trip.Lihue EstateA private swimming hole at the old Lihue Sugar Farm on Kauai, HI, was changed into an inner-tube water ride by Kauai Backcountry Adventures in 2003 and opened to adults. The waters for this 2.5-mile journey, which come from near the top of Mount Waialeale—one of the wettest spots in the world—are channeled through ditches（沟渠）that were hand-dug by farm workers over a century ago.1. Which hole may be the favourable destination for families?A. Lihue Estate.B. Sliding Rock.C. Mooney Falls.D. Cummins Falls.2. What can we learn about Mooney Falls from the text?A. It wasfound by an explorer.B. It was hand-dug in the 1800s.C. It is dangerous to arrive there.D. It is the tallest fall in the world.3. What is special about Lihue Estate?A. It is man-made.B. It is a private area.C. Its water is from underground.D. It lies on the top of Mount WaialealeBGrowing up as kids we are told to share our toys and notto be selfish. We also live in an age when discussing our feelings is encouraged. But when does it all become too much? With new crazes trending all the time, such as dance challenges and wearing a carpet as a dress, the question is: when can sharing become oversharing on social media?“Oversharing” has become associated with social media, but it isn'texclusiveto this platform. Imagine you head to a party and meet x k w someone. Within five minutes they have revealed private details about their life. While some of us may try to escape these people, according to marriage advisor Carolyn Cole, this form of oversharing could come from a strong desire to connect with someone. But how does this translate to social media?Dr. Christopher Hand, a lecturer in cyberpsychology (网络心理学），says the more details people disclose, the less sympathy we express when things go wrong. It seems that searching for sympathy by oversharing is generally considered as negative rather than the cry for help it could really be.However, Dr. Hand's research also seems to suggest that the more we post on a platform, the more socially attractive we become-provided that the posts that we bang out are positive. Even back in 2015, Gwendolyn Seidman PhD said that we should avoid complaining and being negative online. We should also avoid showing off, especially about our love lives. It makes sense-if your date is going “that well", would you really have time to share a photo with text?So, how can you know if you are oversharing? Well, why not ask your friends in real life. They would probably be happy to tell you if your posts about your breakfast or your complaints about your lack of money really are too much.4. What does the underlined word “exclusive" in paragraph 2 mean?A. Unique.B. Similar.C. Relevant.D. Fundamental.5. Why do some people prefer oversharing at parties?A. To draw others' attention.B. To satisfy others' curiosity.C. To remove negative feelings.D. To develop good relationships.6. Which of the following may Dr. Hand agree with?A. Sharing more details online can attract more sympathy.B. Oversharing negative experiences is equal to crying for help.C. Sharing negative posts can't help one become socially attractive.D. Oversharing isn't likely to happen online when things go wrong.7. According to the text, what should be avoided for online sharing?A. Reflecting on past bad manners.B. Showing a great many expensive goods.C. Writing a recipe for a balanced breakfast.D. Recording unforgettable moments with friends.CMany Americans experience surprise (or disappointment) when they wake up on Christmas Day. They might be surprised or disappointed by a family member’s actions. They might be happy or unhappy about a Christmas gift. Imagine a child expects to get an Xbox or PlayStation for Christmas. On Christmas morning, they quickly open their gift. Inside is an English grammar book. They might feel disappointed. The Everyday Grammar team would prefer the new English grammar book. But if you are like most young people, you would probably rather have a new video game.Today, we are going to explore those feelings-feelings of surprise and disappointment. In other words, we are going to explore how speakers show that reality was better or worse than their expectations.Many languages use words to express expectation. Speakers also use words to express how events are not happening as expected. This idea is known as “counter expectation”.Do not worry about the term. Just remember that it means that speakers use words to show that reality is countering their expectations.English has many words that serve this purpose. Three of the most common are the words “even”, “still” and “actually”. You will often hear them in informal, everyday speech. Speakers use these words to showdisappointment. The pitch of their voice tells you what they mean. Let’s study examples of each word.Speakers often use the word "even” to show disappointment or surprise. Imagine a young child that expects a phone call from a family member-perhaps an uncle or grandparent. The phone call never comes. The child might say the following: “What’s wrong with him? He didn’t even call me on Christmas day.” Americans sometimes use “still” for showing how reality does not quite meet their expectations: “You’re still here? It’s over! Go home. Go!” Another common word that shows surprise or disappointment is “actually”: “I can’t believe it! Uncle Bob actually stole her Christmas gift.”8. What might most young Americans prefer as a Christmas gift according to paragraph 1?A. A newly made video game.B. An English grammar book.C. A new designed school bag.D. A unique jacket from their parents.9. What does the underlined phrase “counter expectation” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Expression of disappointment.B. Something expected to happen.C. The same with one’s expectation.D. A result against what is expected.10. What do the three words “even”, “still” and “actually” have in common?A. They are easy to understand.B. They express disappointment.C. They show delighted feelings.D. They are used most at Christmas.11. What’s the last paragraph mainly about?A. Expectations from loved ones.B. Different uses of the three words.C. Examples of the use of the three words.D. Emotions of disappointment and surprise.DAncient Dunhuang manuscripts housed abroad have been edited and published by the Institute for Overseas National Literature of Northwest Minzu University since 2006. Up till now, 9 manuscripts kept in the British Library and22 inthe National Library of France have been finished, the institute said on April 24, 2018.Tens of thousands of valuable ancient documents and cultural relics, discovered in the Mogao Grottos in Dunhuang, Gansu province, were scattered overseas in the early 20th century. Dunhuang manuscripts currently in the British Library and the National Library of France are the most important ancient national documents housed abroad.Co-edited by Institute for Overseas National Literature of Northwest Minzu University, Shanghai Classics Publishing House, the British Library and the National Library of France, these Dunhuang manuscripts return home in publication form for the first time. The institute is also preparing an online database of the manuscripts.According to Cai Rang, associate director of the institute, Dunhuang manuscripts scattered overseas in Russia, Britain, France and Japan have rich contents, including Buddhism law, social contract, history,linguisticsand art. The institute has edited and published 31 manuscripts over the past 13 years, but the work has not been finished. It plans to publish 15 from the British Library and over 30 from the National Library of France all together. In addition, it will also publish manuscripts collected by other countries.“Some manuscripts are hard to read because of the indecipherable words. So we read carefully and understand them by comparing with Buddhism documents handed down from ancient times,” Cai said. “Next, document classification and compilation will be our key work for further research.”The work done by the institute is helpful to study the history and culture of Tubo(present-day Tibet) during the period of 8th to 11th century and the history of national cultural exchanges at that time.12. When did so many valuable ancient documents, discovered in the Mogao Grottos, were scattered overseas?A. In the late 19th century.B. In the middle of the 19th century.C. At the beginning of the 19th century.D. At the beginning of the 20th century.13. How do the members of the institute understand some manuscripts that are hard to read?A. By using modern technology.B. By asking other famous experts.C. By comparing them with Buddhism documents.D. By studying the history and culture of Tubo.14. The possible meaning of the underlined word “linguistics” in paragraph 4 is “______”.A. the scientific study of languageB. the opinion that people have about someone or somethingC. something that people may have as part of their characterD. a system or method for carrying passengers or goods from one place to another15. What is the theme of the news report?A. Dunhuang manuscripts scattered overseas have rich contents.B. China publishes Dunhuang manuscripts housed overseas.C. High value of ancient documents and cultural relics in Mogao Grottos.D. Prepare an online database of Dunhuang manuscripts housed overseas.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年崇明县三乐中学高三英语一模试卷及答案
2019-2020学年崇明县三乐中学高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AA Lifelong Devotion to Keeping People FedYuan Longping is a Chinese agricultural scientist and educator, known for developing the hybrid rice varieties.Yuan graduated from the Southwest Agriculture Institute in 1953 andbegan his teaching career at an agriculture school.In the 1960s, when a serious food shortage sweptChina, Yuan decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the yields of rice. He then began a lifelong connection with rice.Yuan succeeded in growing the world’s first high-yielding hybrid rice varieties in 1973, which could reach a yield of over 500 kg per mu (about 0.067 hectares), rising from the previous yield of only 300 kg per mu. For the next four decades, he continued to work on research and development of hybrid rice, achieving increasingly higher outputs. In 2020, hybrid rice developed by Yuan’s team achieved 1,500 kilograms per mu in two growing seasons, a new world record.InChina, where rice is the main food for the majority of the 1.4 billion people, the planting area of hybrid rice has reached 16 million hectares, or 57 % of the total planting area of rice, helping feed an extra 80 million people a year.Hybrid rice has also been grown in over 40 countries, including theU.S.,Brazil,India,Vietnam, thePhilippinesandMadagascar. The total planting area of the hybrid rice has reached 8 million hectares overseas.Even after a great success, Yuan never held himself back from making new breakthroughs. In 2017, his team started to grow seawater rice inQingdao. The rice was designed to grow in saline-alkaline land and survive even after being completely in seawater. His team planned to develop a type of seawater rice that could be planted in 6.67 million hectares of saline-alkaline land acrossChinato boost the country’s rice harvest by about 20 %. In 2018, Yuan’s team was invited to plant the saline-alkaline tolerant rice in experimental fields inDubai, which achieved huge success. In June 2020, his team started to grow seawater rice on a farm at an altitude of 2,800 meters in northwestChina’sQinghaiProvince. The experiment succeeded.Yuan had two dreams — to “enjoy the cool under the rice crops taller than men” and that hybrid rice could be grown all over the world to help solve the global food shortage.1. What made Yuan Longping decide to study rice?A. A serious food shortage.B. Agriculture development.C. His interest in the rice experiment.D. His wish to plant the tallest rice in the world.2. From the passage, we know that Yuan Longping ________.A. developed a variety of hybrid riceB. worked as a scientist after graduationC. started to grow seawater rice inDubaiin 2017D. grew the first high-yielding hybrid rice varieties in 19533. We can infer from the passage that Yuan Longping’s most outstanding qualities are________.A. modest and outgoingB. honest and creativeC. generous and optimisticD. responsible and devotedBWhen Jennifer Doudna was in sixth grade, she came home one day to find that her dad had lefta book titled The Double Helix on her bed. She put it aside, thinking it was one of those detective tales she loved.On a rainy Saturday, she picked up the book. As she sped through the pages, she became fascinated by the drama, which encouraged her to explore nature's wonders. Even though her high school teacher told her that girls didn't become scientists, she decided she would.She worked with a biologist, Charpentier, to turn a curiosity of nature into an invention—an easy-to-use tool that can edit DNA. Known as Crispr, the tool will transform the human race. James Watson, the author of The Double Helix, later told her it was the most important biological advance: since he and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA.For this achievement, Doudna and Charpentier were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020. Until now, only five women, beginning with Marie Curie in 1911, had won or shared the Nobel for Chemistry out of 184 award winners. When this year's prize was announced, Dr. Charpentier said it would provide a message specifically to young girls who would like to follow the path of science and to show them that women can also be awarded prizes.A few decades from now, if it becomes possible and sate to edit DNA, should we allow parents to improve the IQ and physical strength of their kids? Should we let them decide eye color1 ? Skin color1 ? Height? After helping to discover Crispr, Dr. Doudna has become a leader in considering these moral issues. That's the main message we should take from this Nobel: New technologies can be a huge benefit to the human race, but in order to make surethey are used wisely, it's important for people to understand them.4. Jennifer Doudna decided to become a scientist because,__________A. her father pushed herB. a book inspired herC. her teacher encouraged herD. James Watson motivated her5. Dr. Doudna was awarded the Nobel Prize because,__________.A. she wrote the book “The Double Helix"B. she discovered the structure of DNAC. she is a hardworking woman scientistD. she helped invent a tool for editing DNA6. According to passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. The two women's success will inspire more girls to be devoted to science.B. Since 1911, there have been 184 people who won the Nobel for chemistry.C. If girls follow the path of science, they will surely achieve their goals.D. Crispr will make a big difference to the human race.7. Which words can best describe Jennifer Doudna?A. Determined and responsible.B. Ambitious and humorous.C. Cruel and indifferent.D. Fearless and stubborn.C“One person’s trash is another person’s treasure.” That’s a common expression, but the next time you throw something away, think about a twist on the old saying. What if your trash could become your own treasure? Many creative, thrifty, and environmentally minded people have come up with a way to makethathappen. It’s called upcycling. Our world would be a better place if everyone would begin upcycling.Upcycling is the practice of taking an unwanted item and turning it into something useful. For example, how about that pair of jeans with a hole in one knee? It could become a new pillow for your bedroom.Upcycling is not the same as recycling. Upcycling is actually much better for the environment. Recycling takes an item made of glass, paper, metal, or plastic, breaks it down to its base material, and then uses that material to make another product. This requires a great deal of energy. On the other hand, when you choose to upcycle, the only energy you use is your own. And upcycling not only reduces the amount of trash that goes into our landfills, but it also protects natural resources, such as oil and gas. Recycling is good for the environment, but upcycling is even better.Upcycling also makes a family’s budget stretch further. Of course, the idea of reusing items to save money is not new. During the Great Depression in the 1930s, many families lived on a tight budget. People had to use whatthey already had in order to meet their needs.As responsible citizens, we should all be concerned with protecting our environment and budgeting our resources. Upcycling is a fun and creative way to help. The next time you go to toss something into the trash can, stop and think about what it could become. Chances are, there’s a brand-new item in your hand just waiting to be upcycled.8. Why does the author mention an old saying in the first paragraph?A. To arise reader’s awareness of upcycling.B. To stress the importance of upcycling.C. To lead in the topic of upcycling.D. To show the idea of upcycling.9. Which one below belongs to upcycling?A. An old ladder is transformed into a bookshelf.B. Old tin cans are transported to landfill.C. A broken wooden door is chopped up.D. Old cloth is made into a paper bed.10. What is the difference between recycling and upcycling?A. Upcycling is much more creative.B. Recycling is much easier to achieve.C. Recycling is much more cost-saving.D. Upcycling is much more energy-efficient.11. What can be inferred from the text?A. Upcycling is popular at present.B. Upcycling is replacing recycling.C. Upcycling is worth recommending.D. Upcycling is a tradition in daily life.DThe world's largest iceberg is floating toward South Georgia in the southernAtlantic Ocean. Scientists fear the iceberg could crash into the island and block major feeding areas for a large population of penguins and seals. If the iceberg hits the island, it could prevent the penguins and seals from reaching food supplies.The huge iceberg is named A68a. It broke away fromAntarctica's Larsen C Ice Shelf in 2017. Satellite imagesshow the iceberg has remained in one piece. It is estimated to be about 150 kilometers long and 48 kilometers wide. It is traveling at one kilometer per hour and is on a path to hitSouth Georgiain around 30 days.This is the time of year when seals and penguins spend a lot of time caring for their young. The distance that parents have to travel to find food is crucial. That means they have to go a lot further or go around the iceberg to find sources of food.Ecologists say an iceberg crash would also disturb materials settled on the seabed, possibly polluting the surrounding seas. As the iceberg melts, it would also release large amounts of fresh water into the ocean. This could affect krill（磷虾）populations that are a major source of food for the island's wildlife. The iceberg could remain for up to 10 years and change the area's whole ecosystem. These are globally significant populations of these species. If these species fail in this particular area, then the numbers globally are going to go down quite dramatically.Professor Geraint Tarling, an ecologist at the British Antarctic Survey, said, "The breaking off of icebergs fromAntarcticais a natural process. But the process is changing with climate change. What we're seeing with models and some observations now is that this is happening at an increasing rate. And so, this might become more of a usual thing in the future."12. Why are the scientists worried about the coming iceberg crash?A. It will bring extremely cold weather.B. It will destroy the feeding areas of the animals.C. It will put wildlife on the island at risk of starving.D. It will prevent animals from moving to other places.13. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?A. The characteristic of the iceberg.B. The importance of the iceberg.C. The traveling speed of the iceberg.D. The forming process of the iceberg.14. What damage can an iceberg crash bring according to paragraph 4?A. Using up much fresh water.B. Polluting the surrounding farms.C. Changing the world's ecosystem.D. Affecting the number of certain species.15. How does Tarling think of the breaking off of icebergs fromAntarctica?A. It may slow down in the near future.B. It may become common in the future.C. It has a great influence on the climate.D. It helps scientists conduct a sea study.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年崇明县向化中学高三英语一模试题及参考答案
2019-2020学年崇明县向化中学高三英语一模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AFilms to watch in MarchGretaA lonely young waitress finds a handbag on aNew Yorksubway train. Luckily, the address is inside, so she returns it to the piano teacher who left it there. She then discovers that the piano teacher makes a habit of dropping bags around the city on purpose to make new friends. Directed by Neil Jordan, the actors are attractive. Grace Moretz is the waitress and Isabelle Huppert is the one who admires her. Thanks to them, Greta winds up being far more enjoyable than it has any right to be.The AftermathThe Aftermath is one of the few World WarⅡ-related films. Based on Rhidian Brook’s novel,this touching romantic movie is starred by Keira Knightley, who is the wife of a British officer. She hates the Germans because her son was killed in an air raid. But is there a chance that a tall, dark andhandsome man might persuade her to overcome her hate?Captain MarvelIt took Marvel Studios a decade to finally make a female superhero. It’s also the first Marvel film to be directed by a woman, who has directed Half Nelson and Missisippi Grind. Captain Marvel is set in the 1990s. The Oscar-winning Brie Larson stars as Carol Danvers, a US Air Force fighter pilot, while Samuel L Jackson, as usual, plays Nick Fury.DumboDumbo is a classic Disney cartoon, who has big ears and there have been plenty of those kind of movies in recent years.Burtonalways has inspirations to direct such kind of movies from Edward Scissorhands to Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children. Magical figures have always been his favorite characters.1. What makes Captain Marvel special?A. Winning Oscar.B. Its female director.C. Time setting.D. A woman pilot.2. Which film is better for a 7-year-old kid to watch?A. The AftermathB. Captain MarvelC. GreteD. Dumbo3. Where can you most probably read the text?A. Reader’s DigestB. NatureC. Scientific AmericanD. National GeographicBI come to theUnited Statesten year ago. I would always say that I was trying to study, but there were always things like work and my kids that would not allow me to start.Now I realized that those were only excuses. What stopped me was that I was afraid to start studying again. I always believed I would learn by myself.One day, however, my son told me that he was sad because his friends would come over and I didn’t understand them because I didn’t speak English. He was also sad because I could never help him with his homework. That same day, I told myself, “Rocio, you have to start believing in yourself and you will see you can make it.”The next day, I went downtown to look for a big banner (横幅) in front of the school which said that they offered classes for adults. I came in to see if I could join, but the classes were closed already. That night I took the kids to the movies, and on the way back, I told them we would take a new route. I ended up getting lost. That’s the way I foundChaffeyCollege. The following Monday, I went to ask for information. They told me that summer school was starting that week.That’s how I started studying English last summer. It is difficult, but I have had great rewards. My daughter had to write a story for school. It was about the female they most admired and why . She wrote that I was the person she most admired because I had started going to College. I will never forget this.4. According to the passage, the author probably is a .A. teacherB. doctorC. fatherD. mother5. What made the author make up her mind to study English?A. What her son said.B. What her daughter said.C. Thinking about herself.D. Thinking about her daughter.6. How did they findChaffeyCollege?A. On the way to the movies.B. They took a new route and got lost.C. Ask a stranger for information.D. According to the banner.7. Which of the following is NOT true?A. The author came to theUnited Statesfrom another country.B. The author had two children at least including one daughter.C. What really changed the author’s life was she believed in herself.D. The author wrote that she was the person her son most admired.CIn the world of Chinese archaeology(考古学), a sign of a dig's importance is the sight of Zhou Mingsheng at work. A field technician who has worked at archaeological sites all aroundChina. Master Zhou iscredited with the gentlest touch in his profession. Born into a farming family, he is a “national-level craftsman” with a talent for using simple tools to get relics(遗物) that wouldcrumblein other hands, says his current boss, Wang Xu, director of an archaeological site at Shuanghuaishu, a Neolithic(新石器时代的) settlement near the Yellow River in the central province of Henan.It is not beauty that attracts visitors to Shuanghuaishu. At 5,300 years old, the settlement is the work of a culture too simple to have left behind many buried treasures. The single most precious find, to date, is a finger-length sculpture of a silkworm. Nor is the setting lovely: an area surrounded by deafening insects, between a highway and two power stations. Rather, the site's importance is historical. For since the birth of Chinese archaeology in the 1920s, it has been inseparable from claims thatChinahas the oldest unbroken civilisation on Earth.Leading archaeologists say that the site has the right combination of location, age and distinctive cultural elements to be the capital of an early Chinese kingdom. That would make it a bridge betweenChina's written history and the era of the Yellow Emperor, who is said to rule over these central plains almost 5,000 years ago, though many foreign scholars doubt his existence. Chinese media call the site proof ofChina's 5,000 years of history.Foreigners complain about a lack of written records, Mr. Wang notes. Perhaps they are missing symbols that will one day be understood, for instance in patterned pottery. Outsiders “can't keep using Western standards to apply to Chinese ruins,” he argues.8. What does the underlined word “crumble” in Paragraph 1 mean?A. Break.B. Start.C. Wait.D. Shine.9. Why does Shuanghuaishu attract visitors?A. It has appealing scenery.B. It has various precious treasures.C. It is of great historical significance.D. It is easily accessible.10. What is Mr. Wang's attitude towards foreigners’ view?A. Unconcern.B. Disapproving.C. Supportive.D. Not mentioned.11. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Chinese history amazes the world.B. Chinese archaeology catches on.C. China follows its tradition.D.Chinadigs its past.DLast summer, Maria and her mother moved from their house in the countryside to a flat building in Chicago. Maria really liked some things about the city, but she missed her house and yard in the countryside.One day, Maria was in her flat building when she noticed her neighbor, Mrs. Garcia, carrying a gardening tool and a bag of soil. Maria wondered how Mrs. Garcia was able to garden in the city.“My mom used to grow the most delicious vegetables, and I know she misses her garden now that we don’t have a yard,” said Maria.Mrs. Garcia laughed. “I’ll show you,” she said.Maria thought that Mrs. Garcia would take her to the park, but she took her to the roof. When the door opened, Maria was surprised to see rows of flowers and vegetables on the roof.“What a wonderful garden!” said Maria.Mrs. Garcia told Maria that for a long time the roof was just an empty space. Then some of the people in the building asked the owners to turn it into a community garden. The building owners liked the idea because the plants not only helped to keep the air clean, but they also helped to keep the building cooler during warmer weather.“I plant flowers in my own place,” Mrs. Garcia said, “but you would be surprised by how different the plants are up here. Some people grow vegetables just like your mom. You can do some of the same things in the city as in the countryside. You just have to be creative!”12. Where did Mrs. Garcia take Maria to one day?A. The park.B. The roof.C. The garden in front of her house.D. The countryside.13. Which of the following is NOT the good side of the community garden?A. It made the building stronger.B. It helped keep the air clean.C. It helped keep the building cooler.D. It used the empty space well.14. After Maria visited the garden, she would most probably ask her mom to ________.A. go back to the countrysideB. pick flowers from the gardenC show her around the park D. grow vegetables on the roof15. What is the best title for this passage?A. A Creative LadyB. An Empty RoofC. A Rooftop GardenD. A Special Building第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年崇明县新光中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析
2019-2020学年崇明县新光中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALocated in the beautiful Sichuan Basin, Chongqing is a magical 8D city. The natural history and cultural scenery of the area provide children with learning opportunities because they can enjoy the many wonders of this area.Fengjie Tiankeng Ground JointTiankeng Diqiao Scenic Area is located in the southern mountainous area of Fengjie County. The Tiankeng pit is 666 meters deep and is currently the deepest tiankeng in the world. The scenic spot is divided into ten areas including Xiaozhai Tiankeng, Tianjingxia Ground, Labyrinth River, and Longqiao River. There are many and weird karst cave shafts, and countless legends haunt them.Youyang Peach GardenYouyang Taohuayuan Scenic Area is a national forest park, a national 5A-level scenic spot, and a national outdoor sports training base. Located in the hinterland of Wuling Mountain. The Fuxi Cave in the scenic spot is about 3,000 meters long, with winding corridors, deep underground rivers, and color1 ful stalactites. The landscape is beautiful.Jinyun Mountain National Nature ReserveJinyun Mountain is located in Beibei District of Chongqing City, about 45 kilometers away from the Central District of Chongqing City. The nine peaks of Jinyun Mountain stand upright and rise from the ground. The ancient trees on the mountain are towering, the green bamboos form the forest, the environment is quiet, and the scenery is beautiful, so it is called "Little Emei". Among them, Yujian Peak is the highest, 1050 meters above sea level; Lion Peak is the most precipitous and spectacular, and the other peaks are also unique.Chongqing People's SquareChongqing's Great Hall of the People, one of the landmarks of Chongqing, gives people the deepest impression than its magnificent appearance resembling the Temple of Heaven. It also uses the traditional method of central axis symmetry, with colonnade-style double wings and a tower ending, plus a large green glazed roof, large red pillars, white railings, double-eave bucket arches, and painted carved beams.1.How deep is the Tiankeng Ground Joint?A.666mB.3,000mC.45kmD.1050m2.Which of the following rocks can you see in Youyang Peach Garden?A.LimestoneB.StalactiteC.MarbleD.Quartzite3.Which attraction is closest to downtown Chongqing?A.Fengjie Tiankeng Ground JointB.Jinyun Mountain National Nature ReserveC.Chongqing People's SquareD.Youyang Peach GardenBNowadays organic food hasbecome a fashion. Organic food sales reached a record of $ 45.2 billion in 2017, making it one of the fastest-growing parts of American agriculture. Some people may buy organic food for these reasons like resource cycling and biodiversity, but most people may choose organic food because they think it's healthier. While a small number of studies have shown relationships between eating organic food and reducing risks of being ill, no studies, up to now, have answered the question whether eating organic food can improve health.According to the United States Department of Agriculture(USDA), organic food does not suggest anything about health. In 20155 Miles McEvoy, then chief of the National Organic Program for the USDA, refused to admit any health benefits of organic food, saying the question has nothing to do with the National Organic Program. Instead, the USDA thinks that organic refers to a production method that increases cycling of resources keeps ecological balance, and protects biodiversity.I'm an environmental health scientist who has spent over 20 years studying pesticides that do harm to human beings. Several years ago, I was part of the study on whether an organic diet can reduce pesticide exposure. This study focused on a group of pesticides which have always been harmful to children's brain development. We found that children who ate traditional diets had nine times higher exposure to these pesticides than children who ate organic diets.Last month, I published a small study that suggested a path forward to answering the question whether eating organic food actually improves health. My study got a lot of attention. While the results were novel, they didn't answer the big question. As I toldThe New York Timesin 2003, “What does this really mean for the safety of my kids? But we don't know. Nobody does. It was true then, and it's still true now.”4. Why do most people prefer to buy organic food?A. For its health benefits.B. For biodiversity.C. For its delicious taste.D. For resource cycling.5. What does the USDA suggest about organic food?A. It can improve people's health.B. It is produced in an environment-friendly way.C. It can reduce risks of being ill.D. It has nothing to do with the National Organic Program.6. What can be concluded from the author's study?A. Pesticides don't harm children's brain.B. Traditional diets benefit people's health.C. Organic diets can reduce pesticide exposure.D. The results are meaningful to children's safety.7. What is the best title for the text?A.What Is Organic Food?B. Is Organic Food Healthier?C. How Should We Avoid Pesticides?D. What Are the Benefits of Organic Food?CA cheap printed sensor could transmit wildfire warnings. Wildfires have recently destroyed regions across the world, and theirgravityis increasing. Hoping to reduce harm, researchersled by Yapei Wang, a Chinese chemist ofRenminUniversity, say they have developed an inexpensive sensor to detect such fires earlier with less effort.Current detection methods rely heavily on human watchfulness, which can delay an effective response. Most wildfires are reported by the general public, and other alerts come from routine foot patrols and watchtower observers. Passing planes and satellites also occasionally spot something, but “the fire first appears on the ground," Wang says. “ When you see the fire from the sky, it is too late. ”The team says its new sensor can be placed near tree trunks' bases and send a wireless signal to a nearby receiver if there is a dramatic temperature increase. That heat also powers the sensor itself, without replacing batteries. The team printed the substances onto ordinary paper to create a sensor for just $ 0.40.But improving coordination among the different agencies involved in firefighting is even more crucial to address, says Graham Kent, an earthquake expert at theUniversityofNevada,Reno, who was not part of the study.Kentis director of ALERTWildfire, a network that uses cameras and crowd sourcing to watch for fires inCalifornia,NevadaandOregon. “The whole way that you respond to a fire until it's put out is like a ballet," he says. “You'd have to choreograph (设计) it just so, with resources precisely used at the right time and place and in the right order from detection to confirmation to assignment to extinguishment (熄灭).Fire detection is just step one.Wang says his team's next steps are to extend the device'ssignal range beyond the current 100 meters, which can limit practical use, and to develop a protective shield for it. The transmitter's effectiveness, he notes, will alsoneed to be examined in the field ahead.8. What does the underlined word “gravity” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Pull.B. Extinction.C. Popularity.D. Severity.9. What do we know about the sensor?A. Its price remains high.B. Its batteries are replaceable.C. It can detect fires earlier and easier.D. It can reduce firefighters' pain.10. What doesKentmean in paragraph 4?A. Firefighting is easy but crucial.B. Fire detection resources are rich.C. Putting out a fire is an orderly activity.D. Technology is the key to extinguishing a fire.11. What's the plan for the new sensor according to Wang?A. Improving and testing it.B. Limiting its use and transmission.C. Examing and reducing its signal range.D. Getting it on the market ahead of time.DEarthquake can disrupt whales’ hunting for food for up to a year,according to a new study.On November 14, 2016, the Kaikoura earthquake struck New Zealand’s South Island, causing a destructive tsunami. Under the surface, the earthquake caused strong currents that swept away and mostly killed off diverse ecosystems of creatures living along the Kaikoura underwater canyon.As a result, whales had to dive deeper and longer to find food—“a major shift” in their behavior, says co-author Liz Slooten, a marine biologist at the University of Otago in New Zealand.The impact earthquakes have on land animals has been well documented, but scientists know ly little about what happens underwater. Such research is important for government agencies, which may need to take recent earthquakes into consideration when considering fishing quotas（限额）, notes Rochelle Constantine, a marine mammal ecologist at the University of Auckland.The canyon’s upper reaches are rich in creatures, supplying food for the fish that make up the whales’ diet. So when these smaller life forms were washed away, it had “severe consequences for the community around there”, says study co-author Will Rayment. “That effect flowed all the way through the food chain.”As part of their ongoing study, the scientists were tracking 42 individual whales. After the earthquake, in all, the team managed to record data on 40 whales, showing that the abundance of whales in the general area didn’t change after the earthquake. However, the whales changed how they used their habitat.A year after the earthquake, the researchers observed the whales returning to their previous surface-breathing intervals. This could have been because the communities of animals that make up the whales’ food began to recover. “It gives you an idea of how resilient（有复原力的）these deep-sea communities are,” says Rayment.But he and his colleagues will continue long-term monitoring to see if there are effects they missed. Whale activity in the area had already been declining, though it’s unknown whether it is due to natural changes in food abundance, whale-watching tourism, fishing, or warming ocean temperatures. “There is something going on in Kaikoura,” says Rayment.12. What happened after the Kaikoura earthquake in the Kaikoura canyon?A. Several destructive tsunamis struck the area.B. Whales had to swim to other oceans to find food.C. Nearly all marine creatures in Kaikoura were killed off.D. Strong currents washed away many smaller creatures.13. Which is one of the findings of the study?A. Earthquakes can make it easier for whales to find food.B. The whales changed their habitat after the earthquake.C. It usually takes whales a year to adapt to their new diet.D. The number of whales in the area dropped sharply after the quake.14. What does Rochelle Constantine think of the study?A. It can help government agencies to make some decisions about fishing.B. It can help government agencies to solve problems in the fishing industry.C. It is a breakthrough in research on what happens underwater after an earthquake.D. It offers a detailed description of the impact earthquake have on marine mammals.15. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Something is affecting the whale activity in Kaikoura.B. Fishing quotas have been increasing in recent years.C. The team missed some effects in the research process.D. The scientists will continue studying earthquakes.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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崇明区2019届第一次高考模拟考试
英语
参考答案及评分标准
I. Listening Comprehension（共25分。
第1至10小题，每题1分；第11至20小题，每题1.5分。
）
1. B
2. D
3. D
4. B
5. C
6. C
7. A
8. A
9. B 10. A
11. A 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C 16. D 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. C
II. Grammar and Vocabulary（共20分。
每小题1分。
）
21. faster 22. Although/Though/While 23. for 24. meant 25. can
26. to earn 27. because/as/since 28. being caught 29. which 30. that
31. I 32. E 33. D 34. C 35. J 36. A 37. G 38. K 39. H 40. F
III. Reading Comprehension（共45分。
第41至55小题，每题1分；第56至70小题，每题2分。
）41. B 42. D 43. C 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. B 50. A
51. D 52. A 53. C 54. D 55. B 56. D 57. C 58. C 59. B 60. D
61. C 62. A 63. A 64. A 65. B 66. B 67. E 68. D 69. A 70. C
IV. Summary Writing（共10分）
Central to health, your spine needs your good care. First, keep a good posture, including standing or sitting straight and sleeping on your side in a comfortable bed. Second, avoid keeping a same posture for long and take proper exercise to relax and strengthen spine muscles. Third, have a diet with enough vitamins for healthy bones and nerves. (58 words)
评分标准：
1. 本题总分为10分, 其中内容5分, 语言5分。
2. 评分时应注意的主要方面: 内容要点、信息呈现的连贯性和准确性。
3. 词数超过60，酌情扣分。
各档次给分要求:
内容部分：
A. 能准确、全面地概括文章主旨大意，并涵盖主要信息。
B. 能准确概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏个别主要信息。
C. 能概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏部分主要信息。
D. 未能准确概括文章主旨大意，遗漏较多主要信息或留有过多细节信息。
E. 几乎不能概括文章的主旨大意，未涉及文中有意义的相关信息。
F. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关。
语言部分：
A. 能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。
B. 能用自己的语言较连贯、正确地表述，但有个别语言错误。
C. 基本能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述，但连贯性较差，且有少量不影响表意的语言错误。
D. 基本能用自己的语言表述，但连贯性较差，且严重语言错误较多。
E. 几乎不能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。
F. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关。
V. Translation（共15分）
72. The scientists marvel at the plants’ quick adaption to the city environment. (1+2)
73. My sister’s class notes are always clear enough to be worth following as an example. (2+1)
74. The characters originating from ancient Chinese literature have gained a new life in the online game. (2+1+1)
75. Economic globalization is an inevitable trend of the development of economy, which is independent of man’s
will. (1+1+1+2)
翻译评分标准：
1、第1-2题，每题3分。
第3题4分，第4题5分。
2、在每题中，单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误累计每两处扣1分。
3、语法错误每处扣1分。
每句同类语法错误不重复扣分。
4、译文没有用所给单词，扣1分。
VI. Guided Writing（共25分）
档次内容语言组织结构
A 9-10 9-10 5-4
B 7-8 7-8 3
C 5-6 5-6 2
D 3-4 3-4 1
E 0-2 0-2 0
评分标准：
1. 本题总分为25分，按A, B, C, D, E五个档次给分。
2. 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档
次，最后给分。
其中，内容和语言两部分相加，得15分或以上者，可考虑加4-5分，15分以上下只能考虑加0，1，2，3分。
3. 词数少于 70，总分最多不超过10分。
4. 评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及
语言的得体性。
5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
英、美拼写
和词汇用法均可接受。
6. 如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。
7. 内容要点可用不同方式表达，对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。