雅思真题模拟试卷

雅思真题模拟试卷
Listening
SECTION 1 Questions 1-10
Complete the form below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
SECTION 2 Questions 11-20
Questions 11 and 12
Answer the questions below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
What Two items of clothing does the speaker recommend for the camping?
11 __________________
12 __________________
Questions 13-18
Answer the questions below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
13What does the speaker recommend to take for putting clothing and stuff?
______________________________
14 What kind of flashlight does the speaker suggest?
______________________________
15Which brand of knife is the best?
______________________________
16What would make a compass more functional?
______________________________
17What should we take in case of accidents?
______________________________
18What products should we use to keep the camping bug free?
______________________________
Questions 19 and 20
Complete the sentences below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
19When camping, we should not throw away ___________ around the campsites. 20We are supposed to lower the sound to a __________ particularly in the evening.
SECTIONS 3 Questions 21-30
Questions 21-25
What do the students think about their reading?
Write the correct letter A-H next to questions 21-25
21. The puzzling failure of economics _______________
22. Decay of the dismal science _______________
23. Economists and the Economy _______________
24. History of Economic Thought _______________
25. The Evolution of Economic Ideas _______________
Questions 26-30
Complete the flow chart below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
SECTION 4 Questions 31-40
Questions 31-36
Complete the form below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Question 37
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
37. What was public’s attitude toward the Eiffel Tower when it was built?
A People thought it was a great work of art.
B People considered it ugly and unacceptable.
C People liked to see it in the Hollywood films.
Questions 38-40
Complete the sentences below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
38. After the First Battle of the Marne, the Eiffel Tower became a _______________ of the battle.
39. Now, the color of the Eiffel Tower is _________________.
40. In 2006, ______________ people visited the Eiffel Tower.
Reading
Passage 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1–14 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
African Country’s Transport
Section A
Africa south of the Sahara is home to the majority of the world's poorest countries and millions of Africans must live on less than a dollar a day. There are many reasons why the continent has not benefited from the growth in the global economy. One of the most telling - and most frequently overlooked - is transport, or the lack of it.
Section B
The development of the community starts with the road. Roads not only provide access to markets, but also access to healthcare and schools. But even with a road, without low-cost transport millions of African's have a long walk to their destinations.
Section C
Rural Africa is a place where people walk - to fetch water and firewood, to travel to the market, to tend to the fields and to get to school. Trips of up to 20 kilometres that take more than two days are common. In Kindia, Guinea, women travel up to three hours to reach the local market, carrying as much as 30 kilos of produce on their backs. Local transport, in the form of trucks, is available but often overcrowded and expensive leaving women little option but to walk.
Section D
In colonial times and since independence, the decision-makers in town have poorly served Africans living in the countryside. Then, prestige projects that did little to improve their lot were in favour. But there are signs of change. If poverty in rural Africa is to be addressed, ready access is needed to services and markets. And it doesn't mean borrowing the vast sums that have loaded Africa with its huge debt burden. If vehicles are too expensive to be obtained, then simple things like footbridges or wheel barrels could ease the burden.One solution was as simple as providing a donkey.
Section E
The TanZam highway stretches from Tanzania all the way to Zambia. Just off the highway, near Morogoro, lies Kinyenze, a Masai village of about 130 people. During the 1970's the Tanzanian government encouraged the traditionally nomadic Masai to settle down into village life, which meant getting rid of most of their livestock - including their donkeys. When they first settled and
started to use vehicles for transportation they soon learnt how expensive this could be. As a result, almost 20 years later, the donkey is making a comeback through a pilot development programme which is changing the lives of the villagers - giving them low-cost transport to surrounding areas. Section F
Paos Koto is a small town 250 kilometres outside Dakar, Senegal. In the 1990s a single lane tarmac road was built linking Senegal with neighbouring Gambia and Guinea but the road didn't benefit the people of Paos Koto as much as it was supposed to. They couldn't afford to buy a moped, let alone a truck but in August of 2000 the government's Rural Travel and Transport Program, together with Afribike, a South African organization, brought 150 bicycles to Paos Koto. Overnight the village was transformed. Now, children can go to school in minutes instead of hours, healthcare is readily available and workers can transport their goods and services with relative ease. Bicycles make good people-carriers but in some parts of Africa people have a much heavier load to carry. Businesses are beginning to develop vehicles using pedal-power - like the bicycle-ambulance - but these prototypes are still too expensive for most people.
Section G
Good transport alternatives aren't be much use without good roads or tracks. In many villages across rural Africa, tracks and roads that were once built have not been maintained and have reverted to bush. Guinea is so poor that the government doesn't have a policy of road building or maintenance in the countryside - so the rural villagers have to do it themselves. In Telimele the whole district pitches in three times a year to maintain the roads. Each village maintains only the section of road that runs through their village. The community working together keeps the roads kept open.
Section H
In Malawi an innovative approach to road building is being tested. This pilot project not only builds and maintains roads, but also provides skills and income to the local people. Each village puts forward two candidates, a man and a woman to go through a rigorous selection process. The successful candidates receive training with the project coordinators who will spend about a year and a half with the trainees, issuing them with contracts, before moving on. Once trained, the coordinators employ up to 100 local people to maintain the roads.
Section I
But not all roads have a positive impact. Luisa is an orange farmer from Tanga, Tanzania. Her life and her farm were transformed when a road was built into her village. Now she can travel outside the village. But it also means that other people, middlemen, can get in. These traders travel to buy up the oranges from the villagers. The farmers are experienced in the harsh realities of the free market but the traders are the ones with the vehicles - and they drive a hard bargain offering the farmers far less than the retail price. It's clear that an integrated transport system - from the ground up - is needed and this means low-cost transport as well as well-maintained roads.
Section J
Under pressure from creditors, African governments are experimenting with reforms. Most resources for infrastructure improvement are used up on primary and secondary roads and the
landscape is pock-marked with grand scale projects that by and large have failed to raise the standard of living of the rural poor. But the main international development assistance agencies are focussing on schemes to lift the poor out of poverty. And they are finding that listening to, and catering for, the modest wishes of the people who live in the countryside is the best way forward. Progress at the pace the people want it to be.
Questions 1-7
Reading Passage one has ten sections A-J.
Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number i-ⅹin boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x Two-way street affected the local people The reformative road gangs project
The most popular donkey express Catering for the local people
Trial in Paos Koto
The community spirit
The road to be developed
The startling reason to the background Access to all
Negative reasons faced by the local people
21Section B
22Section C
23Section D
24Section G
25Section H
26Section I
27Section J
Questions 8-10
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage above?
In boxes 8-10 on your answer sheet write
YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
28One reason why Africa is so poor is because of its lack of healthcare .
29Guinea women walk to the local market, carrying 30 kilograms of product on their heads.
30Local leaders were responsible for grand scale projects often independence.
Questions 11-14
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage above for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.
In Senegal, the government cooperated with ___⑾_____to bring in bicycle which makes good ___⑿___for the villagers of Paos Koto. Local communities in Guinea maintain their own Village roads while in Malawi each village trains two ____⒀_____ to employ local maintenance workers. In Tanga, traders take advantage of their ___⒁___________ to bring down orange prices.
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on questions 15-28 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.
Rhythm
A biological rhythm associated with the solar day, which has a period of approximately 24 h. Circadian rhythms have been demonstrated in humans for changes in heart rate, metabolic rate. wakefulness, and flexibility. Rectal temperature shows a distinct circadian rhythm with temperatures being at their lowest at about 4 a.m., then increasing during the day to peak in the afternoon. Levels of sport performance also follow a circadian rhythm. Runners, cyclists, and swimmers tend to perform better in the afternoon and early evening than early in the morning for both aerobic and anaerobic activities of short to moderate duration. The peak probably corresponds to the time when body temperature is highest since muscles work better when warm. Fencers tend to perform best in the middle of the day, perhaps because their sport depends on mental skills, which peak about that time. Studies of endurance athletes have not revealed any clear circadian rhythm, although some endurance athletes peak later in the day. There appear to be individual differences among athletes of all sports, with the phasing of circadian rhythms being affected by types. Those with a preference for early morning work have been called ‘larks’, whereas those with a preference for evening work have been called ‘owls’.
A circadian rhythm is a roughly-24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioral processes of living entities, including plants, animals, fungi and cyanobacteria. The term "circadian", coined by Franz Halberg, comes from the Latin circa, "around," and diem or dies, "day", meaning literally "approximately one day." The formal study of biological temporal rhythms such as daily, tidal, weekly, seasonal, and annual rhythms, is called chronobiology.
Circadian rhythms are endogenously generated, and can be entrained by external cues, called Zeitgebers, the primary one of which is daylight. These rhythms allow organisms to anticipate and prepare for precise and regular environmental changes.
How Does Light Affect The Human Functions?
Human beings are the product of habits and heritage. Before the advent of alarm clocks, many farmers woke up hearing the rooster crowing, announcing the arrival of morning. They milked their cows, worked in the farm and went into bed at night. There was no electricity. So, daylight announced the initiation and termination of many activities.
Modern life style differs significantly from these early days. Most of us wake up in the morning, not by hearing a rooster crow or by feeling the golden rays of sunlight slowly drifting into our rooms; we wake up by the alarm clock or by the clock radio. Many of us have tough time getting up at the first time; so we set the "snooze" button to give us a little more of precious time to sleep. The windows have heavy drapes, so most of us do not see the sunlight except when we peek outside. In the evening, many of us stay awake to watch the late night shows. (Now we have light night shows and late late night shows to keep us company till the wee hours of the night.)
The problem is that our system needs time to sleep. Studies on animals have shown that they have definite patterns they follow every day depending on the season. In autumn, most of the plants and animals get ready to go into "hibernation" for the winter period. Many birds migrate to south for the winter. During this period, they do not eat much (There is not much food to be found.) But, come spring, nature become very lively. The birds return from the south. The trees starts the new growth.
Many animals are found to time the events in their lives depending on the season, so that the functions can be accomplished at the most effective way. For example, lambs are born only in the spring when there is plentiful of food for the mother to nurse the newborn. Most of the animal species coordinate the mating time so that the birth occurs in the season when there is plenty of food available. In the tropical rainforests, birds wait till the dry season to breed. In Arctic, the breeding is timed to coincide with the melting of snow and ice.
The question is how do animals know how to predict the seasons in advance? Is it the temperature fluctuations? It cannot be, because, sometimes we have the "so called Indian Summer" in fall; but the birds do fine. It turns out that the most important factor is the day light; or more specifically the day/night cycle. Animals and plants sense the shortening of the days in the fall and perceive the arrival of winter. In spring, the lengthening of the day signifies the arrival of spring and summer. Most of the expert horticulturists know about this. They manipulate the "day light hours"
(or photoperiod) to coax the poinsettia to bloom in time for the Christmas season, daylilies to bloom for the Easter (although Easter can be in March or April), etc.
It turns out that human beings are also influenced by the light. Light determines our sleep/wake cycle. In most animals and humans, the desire to sleep is brought on by secretion of a hormone called melatonin. Melatonin is produced in a tiny gland known as the pineal gland. In the evening the pineal gland reacts to the diminishing levels of daylight and starts to produce melatonin, which is then released into the blood and flows through the body making us drowsy. Its secretion peaks in the middle of the night during our heaviest hours of sleep. In the morning, bright light shining through the eye reaches the pineal gland which reacts by switching off the production of melatonin, thus removing the desire to sleep.
The pineal gland is linked up to the rest of the hormonal system. Consequently melatonin production also influences the functioning of other parts of the body. During darkness and sleep, melatonin modifies the secretion of hormones from organs such as the pituitary, the master gland of the hormonal system. The pituitary in turn regulates the secretion of hormones controlling growth, milk production, egg and sperm production. It also regulates the action of the thyroid gland, which is concerned with metabolism, and the adrenal glands, which control excretion of the body's waste. It is obvious then that fluctuations in light and darkness according to the seasons of the year will influence rhythms of growth, reproduction and activity in animals and indeed humans.
Statistics show that despite living and working in "closed structures", our bodies still respond to the external environment and to its seasonal variability in duration and intensity. Scientist have found that growth rates in children are affected by the seasons. For example, surveys carried out in Germany, Sweden and Scotland show that height and weight increase is more predominant in the spring and early summer. In many countries the rate of conception peaks in the summer when the hours of daylight are longest. In numerous trials the seasons have been seen to influence the timing and duration of sleep, pain threshold, alertness, eating habits, mood, the onset of menstruation in women and sexual activity.
Questions 15-20
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage above?
In boxes 15-20 on your answer sheet write
YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
15.It has been shown that the temperature of human body reaches its highest at noon.
16.The circadian rhythm only occurs in human beings.
17.Nowadays people enjoy a shorter sleep than our ancestors as a result of our competitive
society.
18.A large number of animals have the ability to ajust their lives according to the changing of
seasons.
19.The knowledge about the lengthening of day light makes it possible for us to see flowers out
of season.
20.Light can influence the sleeping cycles of human beings by activate the secretion of a
hormone called melatonin.
Questions 21-25
The diagram beow shows people’s sleep and wake circle. Label the diagram by selecting NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from Reading Passage 2 to fill each numbered space.
Write your answers in boxes 21-25 on your answer sheet.
→
→
→
→
→
→
→
Questions 26-28
Choose THREE letters A-G.
Write the correct letters in boxes 26-28 on your answer sheet.
Which THREE aspects does the writer mention as associated with pineal gland apart from our sleep/wake cycle?
A breathing system
B rhythms of growth
C digestive system
D metabolism
E nervous system
F sexual activities
G mental activities
READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on questions 29-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.
Tea & Steam: An Industrial Revolution
Steam, smelly steam, brought the tea trade into the industrial age. An age-old handmade product could now be manufactured by steam-powered machinery and delivered (via Suez) by steamships in half the time of the fastest, most glamorous clipper ship, which required a picked crew, a high freight rate, and a lot of luck. In the last (1871) clipper race the legendary Cutty Sark made the run from Shanghai to London in 107 days, but Calcutta's tea reached London in just forty-five days by steam.
Black tea of the Assam variety became a standardized, industrial-strength commodity. The English author and occultist Aleister Crowley studied Buddhism in Ceylon in 1906. "There seems to be something in the climate," he remarks in his Confessions, "that stupefies the finer parts of a man if he lives there too long. The flavor of the tea seemed to me somehow symbolic. I remember one day pleading with the local shopkeeper to find me some Chinese tea. It chanced that the owner of a neighboring plantation was in the shop. He butted in, remarking superciliously that he could put in the China flavor for me. 'Yes,' I said, 'but can you take the Ceylon flavor out?"'
Such tea snobs were simply overwhelmed; between 1860 and 1914 the only investments in the British Empire more profitable than tea estates were South African gold and diamond mines. British working people were urged to "buy Empire" black teas. Most of these were designated not by leaf type-pekoe, souchong-or origin-Keemun, Bohea-but by brand name: Mazzawattee, Brooke Bond, Ty-phoo, Liptons and Lyons, the tea shop brand.
It's hard to understand why nobody in England thought of the tea shop before 1884, but nobody did. The first was a space in a bakery near London Bridge, and the idea caught on. There are things English people like to do in the absence of the opposite sex (through no lack of love, to be sure), but drinking tea is not one of them. This accounts for the phenomenal success of the Lyons chain of tea shops, which became a national institution overnight, and ever since the British have found it impossible to imagine a time when the tea shop did not exist.
In response to mass merchandizing and advertising, the British increased their consumption of (heavily sweetened) tea steadily right through World War I, and their counterparts in the British dominions followed suit. Australia absorbed tea at the astonishing rate of 7.7 pounds per capita in 1899; U.S. per capita consumption reached its highest point in 1897 at 1.56 pounds. Europe's tea consumption soared also, especially in Russia. Moscow's most famous literary teahouse steeped thirty-three pounds of tea daily-almost six tons a year!
China's peak year for tea exports was 1886; Russia received 27 percent of that total, half the amount of Great Britain but twice that of the United States. Following the Opium Wars, Russian capitalists had set up their own brick tea factories in Hankow in 1861 and gradually gained control of brick tea manufacturing throughout China. The caravan trade went on growing in volume right up to 1880, when the first link of the Trans-Siberian Railroad was opened. With the completion of the railway in 1900, the caravans passed into history, finally returning Usk Kayakhta to the obscurity it so richly deserves. The tea that had formerly required many months to reach Russian samovars made the trip by rail in seven weeks.
Two innovations that revolutionized tea habits and the tea industry in the U.S. date from the first decade of the twentieth century. The first may be traced to the St. Louis World's Fair of 1904, the one the song "Meet Me in St. Louis" was written for. Most of the tea drunk in America at that time came from China, and in the Midwest, for reasons that have never been entirely clear to me, people drank mostly green teas. To popularize Indian tea, therefore, an association of India tea producers established a special pavilion at the fair, staffed with exquisitely mannered and beturbaned Indian servers under the supervision of an Englishman named Richard Blechynden. The scorching Midwestern summer gives New Delhi competition in the Fahrenheit category, however, and Blechynden's exotic, steaming brew was the last thing the sweltering fair-goers felt like sampling. Before long Blechynden himself began sweating, for there was no unemployment compensation at the time, and in his desperation began pouring his tea into glasses crammed with ice just to get people to drink it. People drank it. They came back for more and carried the liking for it back home with them. Thus was born a new American drink - iced tea.
Though uncommon in other countries, the United States is drinking almost fifty billion glasses of iced tea a year as compared to ten billion cups of hot. It takes over two hundred million pounds of tea to fill those cups and glasses each year. That under 5 percent of this amount is now sold as loose tea is due to a second accidental innovation, the tea bag.
In 1908, a New York City tea importer named Thomas Sullivan made an effort to economize on his operating costs by sending samples out to his retail dealers and private customers in little silk bags sewn closed by hand. He was perplexed but delighted when virtually everybody placed orders. Only when they all complained that the tea he delivered wasn't packaged those bags for convenience in steeping, did he get the idea to substitute gauze for the silk and rake in sizable profits, producing the first tea bags. Expensive and elaborate machines and special papers or fibers are used today, but this development, like instant tea, has more to do with business administration and international finance than with the present history. At best tea bags compromise tea quality; most are contemptible, and many beneath contempt. I offer no cringing apologetics for lowest-common-denominator tea: I drink it too. Iced tea and tea bags, made for the most part with tea dust and fannings rather than full leaves, have their place in modern American life, I ungrudgingly acknowledge; the point I'm making is that even the poorest peasant in the homeland of tea would feel entitled to better.
Questions 29-35
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage above?
In eboxes 29-35 on your answer sheet write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
29. Calcutta also used clipper ship to deliver tea from China to England.
30. English author Aleister Crowley lived in Ceylon for a long time.
31. The most profitable domain on investment of the British Empire in 1884 was tea estates.
32. Mazzawattee was one of the most popular tea brand in England at the end of 19th century.
33. After the Opium War, Great Britain gradually took up more than half of the tea consumption in
the whole world.
34. In 1861, Russian tea factories controlled brick tea commodity in China.
35. The Trans-Siberian Railroad was the most important project in Russia at the beginning of the
20th century.
Questions 36-40
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage above for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet.
Two Tea Industrial Innovation took place in the US:
＊The first one occurred in __(36)_ ___ World’s Fair of 1904. To popularize Indian tea, an Englishman named Richard Blechynden steamed tea for fair-goers. In order to compete __(37)_ __ Midwest summer, Blechynden put with something into his tea, and this was born a new ___(38)___ _____.
＊The second one came forth in New York city in 1908. Thomas Sullivan put tea sample in ___(39) ____ to save money. This change was welcomed by retail dealers and private customers.
Frankly speaking, the two revolutions just focused on __ (40) _________ rather than full leaves as the commodity’s materials.
WRITING
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
口语：Part 1 Personal interview
Topic 1 Study
1.What subject(s) are you studying?
2.Why did you choose to study that subject?
3.Did your family help you choose that course?
4.What school (or university) do you go to?
5.Why did you choose that university (or, school)?
6.What parts of your subject do you like the most? What's the most interesting part of your
studies?
7.What are your future work plans? (after you graduate)
8.Do you think what you are studying now is very useful (or, relevant or, important) for this
type of work? / Do you think it will be easy to find work after studying what you are studying now?
9.Did you like your first day at university? How did you feel on your first day at
university/high school?
10.Do you think the first day at university is important?
Topic 2 Hometown
1Where do you come from?
2What parts of your hometown would you recommend (or, suggest) a visitor go and see?
3Is that a big city or a small town (or, a village in the countryside)? /Do you prefer to live in a big city or in the countryside? Would you prefer to live in a big city or in the countryside?
4Do you like _____? (The place you are living in now / your hometown) (Why?/Why not?)
5What do you think needs to be done to make your hometown a better place to live in?
6What's the weather (usually) like in your hometown?
7Have there been any changes in the weather over the past few years?
8What's your favorite season? (Why?)
9What's your favorite weather? (Why?)
10Do you pay attention to (or, watch/listen to) the weather forecasts?
11Do you (or, do people in China or, in your hometown) do the same thing in different seasons? Topic 3 Accommodation
1.Do you live in a house or a flat?
2.Would you prefer to live in a house or a flat? (Why?)
3.What is the environment like around your flat/house?
4.Would you say it's a good place to live? Would you say it's a suitable place to live?
5.Do you know your neighbors?
6.Do you think it's important for a person to have a good relationship with their neighbors?
7.How often do you see (or talk to) your neighbors?
8.What sorts of problems (conflicts) can people have with their neighbors?
Topic 4 Leisure Time
1Do you prefer to do things in a family group or in a group of friends? / What do you usually do with your family?
2How did you spend your last holidays (vacation)?。