有关动词的一些小知识

Verbs

1、Classification

功能: notional verb 实义v. link verb 系v.

auxiliary verb 助v. modal verb 情态v.

直接transitive verb (vt.) 及物v.

宾语intransitive verb (vi.) 不及物v.

直接predicate verb 谓语v.

谓语non-predicate verb 非谓语v.

主语finite verb 限定v.

限定infinite verb 非限定v.

变化regular verb 规则v.

规则irregular verb 不规则v.

动作terminative verb 终止性v.

持续durative verb 持续性v.

动作static verb 静态v.

强弱dynamic verb 动态v.

simple verb 简单v.

形态compound verb 复合v.

结构phrasal verb 短语v.

·auxiliary verb：verb used with notional verbs to show tense, voice, or emphatic mood, and to form a question or negative

statement;

meaningless itself ，can’t be used as V. alone

·Usage of aux. V.

1. to form negative V. I don’t like your hat.

2.to form a question Do you like my hat?

3. to form inversion Never did I expect to see him.

4. to replace mentioned verb to avoid repetition.Do you like English?Yes, I do ·modal verb：verb used with notional verbs to indicate speaker’s feelings andattitudes, i.e. to express possibility, permission,

obligation,etc. .

can/could/ may /might/must/shall/ should/will/would/need/dare/ought to

＊incomplete meaning;

＊can’t be used as V. alone;

＊must be followed by infinitive form of verb;

＊no person and number changes;

＊some have past tense

·Usage of modal v.

1.to indicate speaker’s tone and attitude

2. for subjunctive mood（虚拟语气）

3. for speculation （推测）

■虚拟

＊各种虚拟句

＊表示轻微责备or遗憾：情态v. (not) + have done

“本应…（而实际却没…）”“本不该/必…（而实际却…）”

was/were to + have (been) done “过去计划中要做某事，实际上没做”

＊区别:“shouldn’t + have done”表示过去本不该做的事情，实际上却做了“needn’t + have done”表示过去本不必做的事情，实际上却做了E.g.They shouldn’t have left so early.

You needn’t have bought it.

You needn’t have come here yesterday.

■推测might, may, could, can, must

＊情态v.+do（原形）→对现在状态或经常动作推测

＊情态v.+be doing →对此时此刻发生的动作行为推测

＊情态v.+have done/have been doing →对过去发生的事情进行推测

＊情态v.must的否定推测→can’t / couldn’t

E.g. She must be studying in the classroom now.

She must have been working then.

She may/might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw her.

You must be very tired, aren’t you?

You must have seen the film, haven’t you?

You must have seen the film last week, didn’t you?

You must have known him before you wrote to him, hadn't you?

It must have snowed last night, didn’t it?

The old man must be our headmaster,isn’t he?

Mary must have finished reading the novel now, hasn’t sh e?

2.Forms

principal forms of verbs

infinitive form

third-person singular form

past form

past participle (p.p.)

present participle