译林牛津7B Units1-4 知识点和练习
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Units 1-4知识点和练习
词汇精讲
1. news&message
(1)news是不可数名词,意为“消息,新闻”,指通过广播、电视及报纸报道的事。
一条消息应该是“a piece of news”。
例如:
No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
(2)message是可数名词,意为“口信,消息”,指通过口头或笔头传递给他人的消息。
“leave a message”意为“留个口信”;“take a message”意为“带个口信”。
例如:Sorry,he isn’t in. Can I take a message?
对不起,他不在家,我能给他捎个信吗?
2. over
(1)over可以作介词也可以做副词。
作介词时意为“超过,在……上方”;作副词时意为“完了,结束”。
例如:
It takes him over 10 minutes to go to school. 去学校花费他10多分钟的时间。
The bridge is over the river. 桥在河上。
Class is over. 下课了。
(2)常见的由over构成的短语有:go over 检查all over 遍及,整个over and over 反复over there 在那边
3. hundred
(1)hundred是数词,意为“百”,当表示具体的“几百”时,用“基数词+ hundred”,注意不加-s。
例如:
There are forty hundred students in our school. 我们学校有400名学生。
(2)hundreds of 表示“数百,成百上千的”,这时hundred后要加-s,且后面有介词of,但是不能与数词连用。
表示数词的还有thousand“千”,million“百万”,billion“十亿”。
它们的用法和hundred一样,可以用来表示约数和确数。
例如:
There are thousands of trees in the forest. 森林里有成千上万棵树。
4. like&as
like与as作介词,都有“像”的意思。
但有一定区别。
like意为“像……一样”。
用于相似关系,即两者在形态上或性质上有相似之处,但并不等于。
as意为“作为;以……身份”。
用于说明同一关系,即两者实为一体。
例如:
She talks to me like my mother. 她像我妈妈那样跟我说话。
(她不是我妈妈)
She talks to me as a mother. 她以妈妈的身份跟我说话。
(她是我妈妈)
5. be ready to do sth.
be ready to do sth.意为“准备做某事/愿意做某事”;be/get ready for意为“为……做准备”。
例如:He is always ready to help others. 他随时准备帮助他人。
The students are getting ready for the final exam. 学生们正在准备期末考试。
6. job与work
work和job作名词是同义词,都有“工作、职业”的意思。
不过,它们之间还是有些区别的。
job是可数名词,指特定的工作。
work是不可数名词,泛指工作。
我们可以说a job,不能说a work。
“上班”是“go to work”。
例如:
Peter has a good job in a bank. 彼得在一家银行有份很好的工作。
Looking after three cats is not easy work. 照顾三只猫咪可不是件容易事。
7. mine
(1)mine是名词性物主代词,相当于my + 名词。
名词性物主代词常用来避免和前面已
+名词)。
其分类形式如下:形式人称名词性物主代词
单数第一人称mine
第二人称yours
第三人称his
hers
its
复数第一人称ours
第二人称yours
第三人称theirs
(2) 名词性物主代词的用法:
1)名词性物主代词可用作主语、宾语和表语,可单独使用,其后不再跟名词。
a. 用作主语。
例如:
That isn’t my car. Mine is blue. 那不是我的汽车。
我的汽车是蓝色的。
b. 用作宾语。
例如:
My bike is broken. May I use yours?
我的自行车坏了。
我可以用一下你的吗?(作动词的宾语)
She wasn’t in my room. She might be in hers.
她不在我的房间。
她可能在自己的房间。
(作介词的宾语)
2)名词性物主代词可与介词of构成短语,用作后置定语,表示从属关系。
例如:She is a friend of mine. 她是我的一个朋友。
(用于双重所有格)
【注意】
1)在使用名词性物主代词时,必须有特定的语言环境,也就是要省略的名词前面已经知道,已经提起过。
例如:
There is a book. It’s hers. 那里有本书。
是她的。
2)名词性物主代词用作主语时,谓语动词的单复数应随其所指代的数而定。
例如:
-Is this book yours or hers? 这本书是你的还是她的?
-It’s mine. Hers is in her bag. (Hers = Her book) 是我的,她的(书)在她的包里。
-Whose books are these? 这些是谁的书?
-They are his. Yours are over there. (Yours = Your books.)
是他的。
你的在那里。
8. quiet
quiet是形容词,意为“安静的,文静的”,可作定语或表语。
反义词是outgoing;outgoing 意为“外向的,友好的;擅于交际的”,其比较级为more outgoing。
quiet的副词形式是quietly。
例如:
Be quiet, the children are sleeping. 请安静,孩子们在睡觉。
He is more outgoing than me. 他比我能说会道。
9. forward
forward 副词,意为“向前,前进”。
例如:
The seats face forward. 这些座位面朝前方。
Move forward to the front of the train. 往前走到列车的前面。
词组look forward to 意为“盼望,期待”。
to 为介词,后接名词、代词或v-ing形式作
宾语。
例如:
I’m looking forward to visiting China. 我正期待着参观中国。
Jane looks forward to the summer holiday. 简期望着暑假。
10. have/has to
(1)have to意为“不得不,必须”,表示客观情况要求某人必须做某事,有人称和时态的变化,后接动词原形。
否定式为don’t have to相当于“needn’t”,意为“不必”。
例如:Her mother is ill and she has to look after her.
她妈妈生病了,她不得不照顾她。
You don’t have to finish your homework now.
你不必要现在就完成作业。
(2)must侧重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要或有义务去做某事;只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去);否定式mustn’t 意为“一定不要;不允许”。
例如:You must do your homework first. 你必须先做作业。
You mustn’t park your car here. 你不能(不允许)在这儿停车。
11. a/an与the
(1)a/ an 是不定冠词,表示“一个(支,把……)”。
表示泛指,可以用于第一次提到某人或者某事,用在单数可数名词前面。
a 用于辅音音素开头的词前,an用于元音
音素开头的词前。
例如:
a bike 一辆自行车 a desk 一张桌子(/b/ /d/均是辅音音素,故前面用a)
an egg 一个鸡蛋an orange 一个桔子(/е/ /ɔ/ 均是元音音素,故前面用an)(2)the是定冠词,意为“这(个),那(个);这(些),那(些)”。
用在名词前面表特指。
指说话双方都知道的人或事,还可以指前面提到过的人或事。
”
Give the book to me. 把那本书递给我。
My father bought me a pen. The pen is red.
我爸爸给我买了一支钢笔。
那支钢笔是红色的。
I have a bike. The bike is yellow.
我有一辆自行车。
那辆自行车是黄色的。
12. across
across是介词,意为“横过,穿过”,可以和动词连用共同作谓语。
cross是动词,和across 的意思一样,但是可以单独作谓语。
例如:
Cross the bridge, then you can find the shop. 过了这座桥,你就可以找到那个商店。
You must not run across the road. 你不要跑过马路。
【拓展】辨析:through, across, over与cross
through 介词,指从物体的内部传过。
across 介词,指从物体表面的一边到另一边。
over 介词,指翻越某一障碍物。
cross 动词,指从物体表面的一边到另一边。
We walked across the road. 我们穿过马路。
There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。
We found it impossible to cross the road. 我们发现过马路是不可能的。
词汇精练
Ⅰ. 根据句意、首字母或汉语提示,写出正确的单词。
1. You can find a good j______ if(如果) you study hard now.
2. Don’t be noisy. Please be q______.
3. She’s not at home. Why not leave a m_______?
4. School is o______. I can go home now.
5. I’ll be r______ to leave.
6. He looks l______ a visitor.
7. I’m looking f_______ to visiting China again.
8. My computer is b______. It doesn’t work.
9. The boy is older than Lily. She is Lily’s e______ sister.
10. There is n______ but a card in the box.
Ⅱ. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. About five _____ (hundred) students I our school go to school by bike.
2. She is a friend of ______ (I ).
3. Her mother is ill. She ______ (have) to look after her.
4. The people from ______ (west) countries like Chinese food very much.
5. What about _______ (go) shopping with me?
6. It takes me 30 minutes ______ (finish) my homework.
7. They kept practicing ______ (speak) English.
8. They all fond of ______ (collect) thing for Project Hope.
9. These are _______ (woman) shoes.
10. It’s _______ (sun). Let’s go to Sunshine Park.
Ⅲ.选词填空。
1. There is ______ (a, an) book on the table. ______ (A, The) book is mine.
2. Go ______ (cross, across), walk down at the end of the road, you’ll find a shop on your
right.
3. There is going to ______ (be, have) a sports meeting next week.
4. I ______(must, have to) have a rest because I’m too tired.
5. My father is _______ (looking, seeing, reading) a newspaper.
参考答案
I. 根据句意、首字母或汉语提示,写出正确的单词。
1. job
2. quiet
3. message
4. over
5. ready
6. like
7. forward
8. broken
9. elder 10. nothing
Ⅱ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. hundred
2. mine
3. has
4. western
5. going
6. to finish
7. speaking
8. collecting
9. woman’s 10. sunny
III.选词填空。
1. a, The
2. across
3. be
4. must
5. reading
句式精讲
1. I would like to invite my friends to watch films with me at the weekend.
本句中的invite是及物动词,意为“邀请”,常用于下列结构:
(1)invite sb. 邀请某人例如:
I didn’t invite him. 我没有邀请他。
(2)invite sb. to some place邀请某人去某地例如:
I want to invite my friends to my home. 我想邀请我的朋友到我家。
(3)invite sb. to (have) dinner邀请某人吃饭例如:
My friends often invites me to (have) dinner. 我的朋友们经常邀请我吃饭。
(4)invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事例如:
We invited our parents to come to our party. 我们邀请我们的父母来参加聚会。
2. Can you ask him to call me back?
(1)ask sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”,其否定形式为ask sb. not to do sth.“让某人不要做某事”。
例如:
I often ask him to help me with my lessons. 我经常让他帮助我学习功课。
My mother asked me not to read in bed.妈妈让我不要在床上看书。
(2)ask sb. sth. “问某人事某事”;“ask for sth.”意为“请求某事,要某物”,相当于“want sth.”。
例如:
Can I ask you some questions? 我能问你一些问题吗?
Please ask for help if you have some problems. 如果你有问题,请寻求帮助。
(3)ask sb. for sth.“向某人要某物”。
例如:
If you don’t find the way to the school, please ask a policeman for help.
如果你找不到去学校的路,请找警察帮忙。
3. help sb. with sth.
help sb with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。
例如:
I have to help my parents with the housework. 我得帮助我的父母做家务。
Can you help me with the work? 你能帮助我做这项工作吗?
【拓展】与help相关的固定用法:
(1)help sb (to) do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。
例如:
Sometimes I help my mother (to) do some washing. 有时候我帮我母亲洗衣服。
(2)help oneself (to)意为“自用(食物)等”。
例如:
Help yourself to some fish,please. 请随便吃些鱼。
(3)with the help of…意为“在……的帮助下”。
此处help作名词。
例如:With the help of her, I got a good mark. 在她的帮助下, 我取得了好成绩。
4. It takes sb. some time to do sth.
It takes sb. some time to do sth.是固定句型,意为“做某事需要花费某人多长时间”。
take 在此意为“花费”,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式to do sth.,对时间提问时用How long does it take? 例如:
It took me half an hour to finish the work. (对划线部分提问)
完成这项工作花了我半小时。
How long does it take you to finish the work? 完成这个工作需要花费你多长时间?
【拓展】
词语主语结构
spend 人(sb.) sb. spends + 时间或金钱+ (in) doing sth. /on sth.
take it作形式主语It takes sb. some time to do sth.(真正主语)
pay 人(sb.) sb. pays + 金钱+ for sth.
cost sth.(物) sth. costs sb. + 金钱
She spent one hours (in) doing /on her homework. 昨天她花了一个小时做作业。
It took me four hours to go to Beijing. 乘公共汽车去北京花了我四个小时。
I paid six yuan for the book. 我花了六元钱买这本书。
My English book cost me five yuan. 我的英语书花了我五元钱。
5.An old friend of mine is coming to see me, Hobo.
“an old friend of mine”意为“我的一个朋友”,是一个双重所有格,属于名词所有格的一种用法。
下面我们来总结一下名词所有格的用法。
(1)’s所有格的用法。
一般情况下直接在名词后加“’s”就可以构成名词的所有格,但是,以s结尾的名词只
需要在词尾加“’”构成所有格。
这种所有格主要用于有生命的东西。
但’s所有格
也可用于表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物。
例如:
the girl’s name 女孩儿的名字ten minutes’ walk 十分钟的步行(步行十分钟)(2)of所有格的用法。
of所有格一般用于无生命的东西的名词中,某些of所有格和’s所有格可以互换,
但有时含义却不相同。
例如:
the capital of China 中国的首都
the daughter of a woman = a woman’s daughter 一个女人的女儿
a girl’s story 一个女孩儿的故事(女孩儿自己讲的故事)
the story of a girl 一个女孩儿的故事(别人讲的关于这个女孩儿的故事)
(3)双重所有格及其用法。
“’s”所有格和“of”所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起,构成“of+所有格”形式,
即双重所有格。
它通常表示部分概念,即全体中的一部分。
例如:
two good friends of mine我的好朋友中的两个
a friend of my father’s 我爸爸的一个朋友
注意以下表达的区别:
a picture of her 她(本人)的照片
a picture of hers 她(所有的照片中)的一张照片
6.How do I get there?
这是一句问路的日常用语。
常见的问路的日常用语有两种句式:
(1)一般疑问句表达:
Can you tell me how to get to the hospital? 你能告诉我怎样去医院吗?
Could you tell me the way to the bank? 你能告诉我去银行的路吗?
Is there a school near here? 这附近有学校吗?
(2)特殊疑问句表达:
Where is the hospital? 医院在哪儿?
How can I get to the bank? 我怎么才能到达银行?
Which is the way to the school? 哪一条是到那个学校的路?
7.make sb. do sth.
make作使役动词,还可后接省略to的动词不定式,即:make sb. do sth. 意为“使/让某人做某事”,类似的动词还有let,have等。
例如:
The boss made us work for long time. 老板让我们长时间工作。
She made me forget everything bad. 她使我忘记了所有糟糕的事情。
【注意】变成被动语态时需要还原to,即“be made to do sth.”结构。
例如:
He was made to work for long time by his boss. 他的老板让他长时间工作。
(他是被要求做的,因此“他”做主语时,made和“他”之间是被动关系。
)。
句式精练
Ⅰ. 根据对话内容,从方框中选择适当的句子补全对话(其中有两项多余)。
A.How can I get to your home?
B.Which bus can I take?
C.How far is it?
D.Would you like to come?
E.Where shall I get off?
F.Where is the bus stop?
G.Which bus will you take?
A:Hi,Lucy.I’d like to invite you to my party.It will be at seven this evening.
1
B:Yes,I’d love to. 2
A:You can walk to my home or take a bus.
B: 3
A:About twenty minutes’ walk.You’d better come by bus.It only takes you less than ten minutes.
B: 4
A:You can take a No. 9 bus here.
B: 5
A: There is a bus stop called Sunshine Building near my home. You can get off there.
B: Oh, I can’t wait to take part in the party. See you then.
Ⅱ. 句型转换,按要求完成句子。
1. Why don’t you visit our town? (改为同义句)
_______ _______ visit out town?
2. The football is his. (改为同义句)
The football ______ _______ him.
3. The bottle of orange is ten yuan. (对划线部分提问)
_______ ________ is the bottle of orange?
4. I like going to school on my bike. (改为同义句)
I like going to school _______ _______.
5. My car is broken. (改为同义句)
There is _______ _______ _______ my car.
6. My mother often does some shopping in the supermarket. (改为同义句)
My mother often _______ ________ in the supermarket.
7. I have a TV set in my room. (改为否定句)
I _______ _______ a TV set in my room.
8. The capital of China is Beijing. (对划线部分提问)
______ _______ the capital of China?
9. He showed me his new mobile phone yesterday. (同义句改写)
He _______ his new mobile phone ______ me yesterday.
10. They are talking in a low voice. (同义句转换)
They are talking ______ ______.
Ⅲ. 根据汉语提示,完成句子。
1. 他让我在花园里种花。
He______ me ______ flowers in the _______.
2. 他经常邀请我打篮球。
He often ______ me ______ _______ basketball.
3. 我和我妹妹同住一间卧室。
I _______ a room ______ my sister.
4. 冰箱里满是食物。
The fridge _______ _______ _______ food.
5. 请帮我学英语。
Please _______ me _______ my English.
6. 现在回家吧,你妈妈会担心你的。
Go home now. Your mother _______ _______ _______ you.
7. 你能教我唱这首歌吗?
Can you _______ me ______ ______ the song?
8. 开车从郑州到北京大约需要六个小时。
It______ about 6 hours to drive _______ Zhengzhou ______ Beijing.
9. 做作业花了我一个小时的时间。
It ______ me an hour ______ ______ my homework.
10. 你能告诉我去邮局的路吗?
Can you ______ me ______ ______ to the post office?
IV.从下面方框中选择适当的单词填入短文空格内(每词限用一次)。
three, eat, homework, work, at, they, bus, get, after, bed, shop
Tom and his sister Amy are students. Tom takes a 1 to school every day, and Amy does too. Some of 2 friends walk to school. Tom and Amy 3 home at four o’clock in the afternoon. They do their 4 before dinner, and they play computer games 5 dinner. They usually go to 6 early in the evening. Tom and Amy have 7 meals(餐,饭) a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner. They have breakfast 8 home. On school days, they have lunch at school.
They usually 9 dinner at home. Their father comes home from 10 at six and their mother cooks dinner at seven.
参考答案
I. 根据对话内容,从方框中选择适当的句子补全对话(其中有两项多余)。
1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.E
II. 句型转换,按要求完成句子。
1. Why not
2. belongs to
3. How much
4. by bike
5. something wrong with
6. goes shopping
7. don’t have
8. What, is
9. showed, to 10. in whispers
III. 根据汉语提示,完成句子。
1. made, grow, garden
2. invites, to play
3. share, with
4. is full of
5. help, with
6. will worry about
7. teach, to sing
8. takes, from, to
9. took, to finish 10. tell/show, the way
IV.从下面方框中选择适当的单词并用其正确形式填入短文空格内(每词限用一次)。
1. bus 2. their 3. get 4. homework 5. after
6. bed
7. three
8. at
9. eat 10. work。