人教版必修四unit2单词句型详解复习版

人教版必修四u n i t2单词句型详
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Unit 2 working the land修改I.重点短语再现
摆脱；除去
幸亏；由于；因为
怀着……的希望
生于贫穷的农民家庭
为……而奋斗
寻找方法
与……作比较
对……感到满意
富含
集中(注意力、精力等)于
rid...of
thanks to
with the hope of
born into a poor farmer’s family
struggle for
search for a way
compare...with
be satisfied with
be rich in
focus on
II.重点单词
1). He has been struggling for success in business. =He has been struggling to succeed in his business.
为了事业的成功，他一直努力奋斗着。

2).A strong man will struggle with the storm of fate.
强者乐于搏击命运的暴风雨。

3).She is struggling to bring up a family on a very low income.
她靠着非常微薄的收入艰难地供养一家人。

归纳总结
联想：
即学即用
The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ____.
be heard have heard
heard
解析本题考查非谓语动词。

struggle to do sth. 努力做某事。

又因I与hear之间存在被动关系，故应用不定式的被动语态。

观察思考
A child’s vocabulary expands through reading.
孩子的词汇量通过阅读得到扩大。

Why not try to expand your story into a novel 为什么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢
归纳总结
易混辨异
expand,extend,spread,stretch
(1)expand展开，扩大，不仅指尺寸的增加,还可指范围和体积的扩大。

(2)extend伸出，延伸，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度、宽度的向外延伸，也可指时间的延长。

(3)spread伸开；传播，一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如传播(疾病)、散布(信息)等。

(4)stretch伸展，拉长,一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长。

即学即用
(1)随着儿童的成长，他们的兴趣会变广，人也会变得更自信。

As children grow older they expend their interests and become more confident.
(2)他详细地说明了自己的新理论。

He expended on his new theory.
to
观察思考
Everyone knows about it now,thanks to you!
多亏了你，现在大家都知道了。

Thanks to your advice,much trouble was saved.
由于您的建议省了许多麻烦。

易混辨异
thanks to,due to,owing to,because of
(1)thanks to介词短语，只能作状语,多用于褒义。

(2)due to意为“因为，由于”,可以作表语或状语,不可位于首。

be due to do sth.表示“被安排去做某事”。

The accident was due to careless driving.
交通事故是由粗心大意的驾驶造成的。

will be due to lecture twice tomorrow.
希尔先生明天被安排演讲两次。

(3)owing to意为“由于”多用作状语，作状语时常用逗号隔开。

Owing to his carelessness,Tom failed in the exam.汤姆考试不及格是由他的粗心大意引起的。

(4)because of语气最强，多用于表示直接原因。

一般放在主句之后，有时也可放在主句之前。

Because of his tiredness,he does not want to go with us.
即学即用
(1)____ his help,we solved the problem.
to to
(2)It’s acknowledged that the traffic accident was largely ____ the driver’s careless ness.
of to
to a result of
答案 :(1).C (2).B
1).Could you rid yourself of the bad habit of smoking？
2).Will science- finally rid us of this disease？
3).By working hard day and night, she is trying to rid herself of loneliness and sadness.
类似用法动词：
Remind/inform/ warn/ cure/accuse/rub sb of sth
satisfied with 对……满意
satisfy one’s needs满足某人的需要
with satisfaction 满意地
to one’s satisfaction 使某人满意的是……
单项填空
①—Shall we go skating or stay at home？
—Which ___ do yourself（2010·01·江西南昌检测）
you rather you rather you rather you rather
②I’d rather ___ the basketball match last
,I would have finished my paper work by now.（2010·01·江苏徐州检测）
have watched watch ’t watch’t watch
答案：（1）.B （2）.A
观察思考
It’s time to equip yourse lf for the journey abroad.你该准备出国旅行的行装了。

She equipped her son with a good education.
她使儿子受到了良好的教育。

You’d better equip your bicycle with a headlight.
你最好在自行车上装个前灯。

归纳总结
注意:
(1)equipment还有“知识;技艺;才能;素养; 特征；资质”之意。

(2)equipments(偶尔用复数形式)表达“不同种类的设备”,但不可在其前加two,some,several等
即学即用
(1)有良好的教育能受用终生。

A good education should______________.
equip you for life
(2)我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。

Our school has been given _______________.
some new equipment
观察思考
She deeply regretted what she said and what she did.
她非常后悔说了那些话和做了那些事。

We have always regretted selling the farm.
我们一直后悔卖了那个农场。

He expressed regret for what he had done.
他对自己的所作所为感到后悔
归纳总结
即学即用
(1)我遗憾地告诉他他被解雇了。

但使我惊奇的是，他对
我说：“我没有任何遗憾。

我惟一后悔的是选错了工
作。

”
I ______________him that he had been to my surprise,he said to me，“I have no only _____the wrong job.”
(2)—Robert is indeed a wise man.
—Oh, often I have regretted ____ his advice!
take
to take taking
解析 regret doing sth.表示“为做了某事后
悔”，本题同时又表示否定，故选D。

to通向；导致；造成（后果）
观察思考
The discussion led to a big fight.
那场讨论结果引起一阵大吵。

Eating too much sugar leads to rotten teeth.
吃太多的糖会导致蛀牙。

What led you to believe I was ill
什么使你相信我病了
Which door leads to the yard
哪扇门通向庭院
归纳总结
lead to意为：__________。

归纳拓展：
即学即用
(1).We firmly believe that war never settles
only _____ violence.
into from
to with
解析本题考查动词短语的意思。

句意为：我们坚决认为战争不会解决任何事情,只会导致暴力。

run into撞
上;come from来自;lead to导致;begin with以……开始，因此选C。

(2).The students in the university are all taking courses __ a degree.（2010·01·山东烟台检测）
to to
to to
联想拓展
result in导致
result from由……导致
①在我看来，学校应该把精力集中在教学上。

In my opinion,schools should_____________.②他把相机对准了远处的高楼。

He ______ his camera the huge building in the distance.
11.Reduce vt.减少；缩小；降低；使……陷入某种更糟的状态
12.常用结构：
13.reduce ...减少到……
14..Reduce ...减少了……
15.Be reduced to沦落为……即学即练
(1)He persuaded them to______the price______$1000.
他设法使他们的价格降到1000美元。

(2)Production costs have______________one third.
生产成本下降了1/3。

(3)The fire________the forest______a few trees.
大火把森林烧得仅剩下几棵树了。

(1)Have you any___________the proposals
你对这些建议有什么意见吗
(2)It created_________________in the press.
这引起报界广泛的评论。

(3)He made some useful_________________my work.他对我的作品作了一些实用的评论。

(4)He____________that it was an excellent film.
他评论这部电影很精彩。

II.重点句型
句1：Have you ever grown any plants If so,what
would you like to try growing How would you grow it
1.if any 即使有（任何）……，即使有……
Correct errors, if any (=if there are any errors). 如有错误就请订正。

There are few people nowadays, if any, who remember him. 当今记得他的人，如有的话，也不多了。

2.if anything 如果有什么……的话If anything, she works too
hard. 要说的话呢，就是她工作太辛苦了。

I’m not angry.If anything, I feel a little surprised. 我没有生气。

如果说我有什么反应的话，那就是我感到有些惊讶。

3.if anybody (anyone) 若有（任何）人的话
If anyone, he knows. 如果有人知道，那就是他了。

4.if ever （即使有……也）极少，难得
He seldom if ever travels
abroad. 他到国外旅行，即使有过，也是极少的。

He seldom, if ever, goes to the movies by himself. 他不会，即使有也很少，单独去看电影的。

5.if necessary 如果有必要的话
I could come earlier, if necessary. 如果有必要我可以早点来。

If necessary, Jim might shorten it. 如果有必要，吉姆可以把它缩短。

6.if not 假如不是这样的话；不然的话；否则
I might see you tomorrow. If not, then it’ll be Saturday.我可能明天去看你。

如果不是明天，那就在周六。

Ask her if it is a convenient time. If not, can she suggest another possible time 问问她那个时间方便不方便。

要是不方便的话，那她可不可以提出一个可行的时间
有时not还可修饰另一个词语。

如：This is one of the oldest buildings in town, if not the oldest. 这是城里最古老的建筑之一，如果不是最古老的话。

His pronunciation, if not good, is at least tolerable. 他的发音如果说不算好，至少也还过得去。

7.if possible 如果可能的话
If possible, let me know beforehand. 如果可能，可在事前通知我。

If possible, I wish to go there next summer. 如果可能，我希望明年夏天去。

8.if so 假如这样的话
They think she may try to
phone. If so, someone must stay here. 他们认为她可能来电话。

要是这样的话，就得有人守在这儿。

句2：In 1973,he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. 1974年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。

不定式放在表示次序的词the first,the last,the best以及the only,the very,the right等词后面,且这些词与动词不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系，结构为：
the
first/last.../best../only/very/right. ..+n.+to do sth.
表示“第一个/最后一个/最好的一个/唯一的/恰好的/合适的……做某事的人/物”。

He is always the first to come and the last to leave.他总是第一个来并且最后一个离开。

The last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain.最后
一个离开正在下沉的船的那个人是船长。

He is the last person ____ to Mary’s birthday party.
invite be invited
invited
句 his hybrid rice,farmers are produc ing harvests twice as large as before. 用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食
比以前多了一倍。

倍数表达法：
1. 用形容词表示甲是乙的几倍时，用下面
三个句型，用副词表示则一般只用前两个
句型。

（1）……倍数+形容词（或副词）的比较
级+than
This rope is twice longer than that o ne．这根绳的长度是那根绳的三倍。

（比
那根绳长二倍）
This hall is five times bigger than o
ur classroom．这个大厅比我们的教室大
五倍。

（是我们教室的六倍）
The car runs twice faster than that t ruck．这辆小车的速度比那辆卡车快两倍。

（是那辆卡车的三倍）
（2）……倍数+as+形容词（或 much）或副词+as
Asia is four times as large as Europ e．亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。

This big stone is three times as heav y as that one．这块大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。

（这块石头比那块重二倍）The plane flew ten times as high as t he kite．那架飞机飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。

（高出九倍）
（3）……倍数+the size（length，heigh t…）of
This street is four times the length of that street．这条街是那条街的四倍长。

This hill is four times the height of that small one．这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。

（比那座小山高三倍）
也可用：The height of this hill is fo ur times that of that small one．
2. 要用名词表示“量”的倍数时，则用以下两个句型：
（1）……倍数+more+名词（可数，不可数）+than
There are four times more books in ou r library than in yours．我们图书馆藏书（数量）是你们图书馆藏书的四倍。

（我们图书馆藏书
比你们的多三倍。

）
We have produced twice more grain thi s year than we did last year．我们今年生产的粮食比去年增长一倍。

（是去年的两倍）
（2）……倍数+as many（或much）+名词+其他+as…
After the technique was introduced，t he factory produced twice as many tra ctors in 1988 as the year before．采用新的技术以后
，那个工厂1988年生产的拖拉机是前一年（1987年）的两倍。

（比前一年增长一
倍）
There is three times as much water in
this pot as in that one．这个壶里的
水（量）是那个壶里的三倍。

What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing is ___it is long. not as wide
as not as half as half as wide as wide as not half
句 such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and
fertile soil.
归纳总结
making it...是现在分词作结果状语时，
其逻辑主语可以是句子的主语，也可以是
整个句子。

(1)现在分词作结果状语时一般只能单独使用,也就是说，没有固定的句型结构，它通常位于句末，其前有逗号隔开。

有时为了突出结果之意可在现在分词前加副词thus,常译为“因而,因此”。

现在分词作结果状语往往表示正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中的结果。

(2)动词不定式单独作结果状语，通常表示偶然的、出乎意料的结果，有时为了强调这种意外的结果，可在不定式前加only，译为“(结果)却……,只(只是……)”，在这种情况下，不定式的逻辑主语也可能是全句的主语。

即学即用
(1)He hurried to the booking office only ____ that all the tickets had been sold out.
tell be told
解析 only to表示意想不到的结果。

(2).Over the past decades, sea ice ____ in the Arctic as a result of global warming.(浙江高考)
decreased
been decreasing decreasing 解析由句中的时间状语over the past decades“在过去的几十年里”可知句子的谓语动词应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时态。

句 also keeps the air,soil,water and crops free from chemicals.
这还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。

Keep...free from无……的；免于……；摆脱……（常用作表语、后置定语或补语）联想拓展be free to do sth.自由地做，随意地做
Be free as air 自由自在
set 释放某人
get/give free免费得到/赠送
free of charge免费
a smoke-free room/area无烟室/区
Free sb/sth from 使。

自由释放。