英语单词的音节及读音规则

英语单词的音节及读音规则
1.音节概念
在英语单词中元音特别响亮，一个发音的元音就可以构成一个音节，所以英语单词的音节是以发音的元音来确定的。

只有一个发音的元音构成的单词称为单音节词，有两个发音的元音
构成的单词称为双音节词，三个以上发音的元音构成的单词称为多音节词。

例：
双音节词：go, he, stand, think, please, take, some, what, glad, smoke, child, taught
双音节词：teacher, brother, Sunday, neighbor, darkness, breakfast, comment , open 多音节词：exercise, holiday, separate, celebrate, institute, opportunity
modernization
注：一个单词音节数的多少并不是按组成单词字母的多少来划分的。

2. 单词重音
在英语的双音节以上的单词中，有一个或两个读得特别响亮的音节，我们称为重读音节，国
际音标上
标有“′”这样的重读符号。

一般说来一个单词只有一个重音。

例：Sunday [’sʌndi] begin [bi’ɡin]
3. 开音节
开音节一共有两种：
一种叫绝对开音节，即直接以发音的元音字母结尾的单词。

例：go [ɡəʊ], he [hi:], no [nəʊ], we [wi:], who [hu:]
另一种叫做相对开音节，即发音的元音字母后有一个辅音字母（r除外）再加一个不发音的字母e。

例：make [meik], note [nəʊt], these [ði:z], like [laik], use [ju:z]
4.闭音节
发音的元音字母后面有一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）时，这个元音字母构成的音节叫闭音
节。

如果单词重音在这个音节上，该闭音节就叫做重读闭音节。

例：bad [bæd], thank [θæŋk], desk [desk], sit [sit], stick [stik], fog [fɒɡ], shop [ʃɒp]; sun [sʌn], must [mʌst]
5. 元音字母在开音节中的一般发音
A a [ei], Ee [i:], Ii [ai], Oo [əʊ], Uu [ju:]
例：take [teik], late [leit], he [hi:], theme [θi:m], time [taim], nice [nais], no [nəʊ]; joke [jəʊk], tune [tju:n], cute [kju:t];
6. 元音字母在重读闭音节中的一般发音
A a [æ], Ee [e], Ii [i], Oo [ɒ], Uu [ʌ]
例：lamp [læmp], plan [plæn], well [wel], best [best], mill [mil], wish [wiʃ], hot [hɒt]; drop [drɒp], club [clʌb], but [bʌt]
7. 各元音在开音节和闭音节的读音规则
1）A a
开音节中多读 [ei] 字母本身的音。

词例：name, plane, cake, take;
但have中却发 [æ]
重读闭音节中多读[æ]。

词例：bad, lamp, tank, cat, map
a的前面是辅音[w]时读作[ɒ]。

词例：want, wash, what, quality
a的后面是 ss, st, sp, sk, th, f, n 时常读作[a:]。

词例：class, fast, grasp, ask, bath, staff, dance, command
2) E e
开音节中多读 [i:] 字母本身的音 词例：he, she, be, these
重读闭音节中多读[e]。

词例：pen, yes, well, desk, best
3) I i (y)
开音节中多读 [ai] 字母本身的音 词例：like, time, bike, why,
但give和 live中却发 [i]
重读闭音节中多读[i]。

词例：stick, ship, big, mill
词尾是-nd和 -ld时，i 可读作[ai] 词例：kind, find, child
4) O o
开音节中多读 [əʊ] 字母本身的音 词例：no, home, joke, smoke, joke
但to, do, who, move, shoe中却发 [u:]
重读闭音节中多读[ɒ]。

词例：hot, fog, shop, long, drop
词尾是-st和 -ld时，o 可读作[əʊ] 词例：most, post, bold, cold,例外both, comb o的后面是m, n, v, th 时，可读作[ʌ] 词例：son, some, come, one, done, love, glove, mother, brother
5）U u
开音节中多读 [əʊ] 字母本身的音 词例：use, tune, cute, mule
u 在辅音字母l, r, j后面时读作[u:] 词例：blue, rule, true, June
重读闭音节中多读[ʌ] 或[u]。

词例：sun, but, club, must, full, put
但truth, busy中却发 [u:]
8. -r 音节-re音节的读音规则
ar 常读作[a:] 词例：car, park, large, star; 但war, warm, ward却读[ɔ:]
er常读作[з:] 词例：verb, term, serve, stern;
ir常读作[з:] 词例：girl, first, shirt, bird
or常读作[ɔ:] 词例：horse, short, north, sport;但word, work, world却读[з:] ur常读作[з:] 词例：burn, nurse, hurt, fur
are常读作[eə] 词例：care, dare, stare, rare
ere常读作[iə]或[eə] 词例：mere, here, there, were;但were 却读[з:]
ore常读作[ɔ:] 词例：more, wore, sore, store
ire常读作[aiə] 词例：fire, tire, hire, mire
ure常读作[juə]或[uə] 词例：pure, cure, manure, sure
9. 元音字母组合的读音规则
1）a+其它字母
al 常读作[ɔ:] 词例：ball, walk, talk, walk, also,
其后有f或m时可读[a:]例：half, calm, palm
au 和augh 常读作[ɔ:] 词例：cause, fault, launch; taught, daughter 例外：laugh [a:]
aw常读作[ɔ:] 词例：law, saw, claw, awful
ai 和ay常读作[ei] 词例：wait, main; day, play
air 和are常读作[eə] 词例：hair, pair, chair; fare, care, dare, stare, share 2）e+其它字母
ea常读作[i:]或[e]词例：meat, please, peace, clean; head, dead, lead, bread 例外：great, break读作 [ei]
ee常读作[i:]词例：meet, three, steel, green, tree, street,need
ei和ie常读作[i:]词例：field, piece, ceiling, receive
有时ei和ey一样。

读作[ei]词例：eight, neighbor; prey, grey
例外：friend,读作[e]height读作[ai], review读作 [ju:]
ew常读作[ju:]词例：new, few, dew.
ew在辅音字母l, r, j后面读作[u:]词例：blew, crew, Jew
ear常读作[iə]词例：hear, dear, tear;
有时读[eə] 词例：bear, wear, pear
后面有辅音字母时读作[з:]词例：learn, pearl, early, earth
例外：heart,读作[a:]year读作[jə]
eer常读作[iə]词例：deer, cheer, beer, pioneer, engineer
3）o+其它字母
oa常读作[əʊ] 词例：coat, boat, soap, float
oi和oy常读作[ɔi] 词例：oil, voice, point; boy, joy
oul常读作[ʊ] 词例：could, would, should
oo常读作[u:] 词例：food, tooth, spoon, school, moon
例外：foot, good, stood,读作[ʊ] ; blood, flood读作[ʌ]
oo后面是k时读作[ʊ] 词例：book, look, cook, brook
oor和 oar常读作[ɔ:] 词例：door, floor; board, coarse
例外：poor,读作[uə]
ou常读作[au]或 [ʌ] 词例：loud, house, mouth; young, touch, country, trouble 例外：group,读作[u:], youth读作[ju:],soul,读作[əʊ]
ough常读作[ɔ:] 词例：bouught, fought, thought
例外：though,读作[əʊ], through读作[u:]
our常读作[ɔ:] 或[auə] 词例：four, course, pour; our, hour, sour, flour
ow常读作[au] 或[əʊ] 词例：now, how, town, down; slow, show, grow, snow owe 或ower常读作[auə]词例：towel, vowel; power, flower
4）i+其它字母
ig或igh常读作[ai] 词例：sign, design; sigh, light, night, bright, eight
ia, ie或io常读作[aiə] 词例：dialogue, reliable; quiet, science; violet, violence 5）u+其它字母
ui 常读作[ju:] 词例：suit, nuisance
ui的前面有辅音字母l, r, j时，读作[u:]词例：sluice, fruit, juice
例外：build读作[i]
注：以上都是元音字母、-r音节和元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音规则。

在非重读音节中基本上所有都弱化成短元音[ə]。

10.辅音字母在单词中的读音规则
1）B e 常读作[b] 或位于词尾不发音。

词例：bed, book, bright; comb, lamb, tomb, climb
2）C c 常读作[k], [s] 词例：cold, clean cat; nice, city, decide
有时读作[ʃ]词例：social, musician, precious
3）D d 常读作[d]词例：day, desk, add,
动词加-ed 时 -ed 的读法
-ed前是清辅音时（[t]除外）,读作 [t]
词例：walked [-kt], jumped [-pt], missed [-st], washed [-ʃt]
-ed前是浊辅音时（[d]除外）,读作 [d]
词例：played [-eid], robbed [-bd], closed [-zd], begged [-ɡd]
-ed前是[t] 和[d] 时, 读作 [id]
词例：wanted [-tid], needed [-did]
4)F f常读作[f]词例：five, wife, four, leaf
有时读作[ʃ]词例：social, musician, precious
个别情况读作[v] 词例：of [ɔv] 或 [əv]
5)G g常读作[ɡ]词例：girl, game, give, big, ago
有时读作[dӡ]尤其是在元音字母e前时此时词尾的ge读作[dӡ]，词例：large, page, college, village
6)H h常读作[h]词例：hot, house, head, hand
h 有时不发音。

词例：hour, honor, exhibit, rhyme
7)J j常读作[dӡ]词例：jam, joke, June, judge
8)K k常读作[k]词例：cake, week, kite, sky
9)L l常读作[l]词例：land, milk, belt, school
l 有时不发音。

词例：walk [wɔk], calm [ka:m]
10)M m常读作[m]词例：name, meet, mother, come
11)Nn常读作[n]词例：line, nine, nice
n 在辅音音素[k] 和[ɡ] 之前读作[ŋ]。

词例：bank, think, uncle, finger, language
12)P p常读作[p]词例：pen, sleep, spring, picture
13)Q q该字母一般很少单独出现，它常和元音字母u组成qu字母组合。

常读作[kw]词
例：question, quite, queen
14)Rr常读作[r]词例：road, right, read 其次是构成r音节或re 音节。

15)Ss在词首时常读作[s]词例：sit, soap, sky
s 在两个元音字母间常读作[z]词例：music, season, prison
s 在两个元音字母和不发音的e之间有两种读法
动词常读作[z]词例：close, lose, raise
名词或形容词词常读作[s]词例：base, case, close, coarse
s 前或后是清辅音时常读作[s]词例：lamps, looks, waits; list, desk, husband
s 在辅音字母t之后常读作[ts]词例：students, streets
s 在辅音字母d之后常读作[ds]词例：beds, comrades, prides
注s 的读音规则较复杂，还得在具体的学习中去把握。

16)T t常读作[t]词例：tell, meet, ten, letter
17) V v常读作[v]词例：voice, love, vote, leave
18)W w常读作[w]词例：wait, sweet, wall, twin. 有时不发音。

词例：sword, answer
19) X x常读作[ks]词例：box, exercise, text, excellent
x后面是元音,而且又是重读音节时，常读作[ɡz] 词例：exam, exist, exact
20) Y y出现在单词开头时常读作[j]词例：yes, year, yellow
但出现在词尾时可能发[ai]或[i]的音，词例：satisfy, beautify, country。

与元音字母构成组合时可能发元音[ei] 词例：day, play
21) Z z常读作[z]词例：zoo, maze, doze, zone
11. 辅音字母组合的读音
1）ch, tch 读作[tʃ]词例：child, chart, teach, match, catch, watch
ch有时读作[k] 词例：school, chemistry, character, stomach
2）ck 常读作[k]词例：neck, black, stick, pocket
3）cc 常读作[k]词例：accept, accident, success; according, accuse
4）ce 常读作[s]词例：nice, accept, rice, piece
5）dge 常读作[dӡ]词例：bridge, judge, lodge
6）gu, gue 常读作[ɡ]词例：guide, league, guess, dialogue
7）ng, 常读作[ŋ]词例：sing, strong, spring, long
8）gh, ph 常读作[f]词例：rough, phrase, cough, enough
但在igh, ough, augh 中gh 不发音，只发元音或元音组合的音。

请参见前面（9. 元音字母组合的读音规则）
9）qu, ph 常读作[kw]词例：quick, quality, quite, question
10）sh 常读作[ʃ]词例：she, fish, shirt, wash
11）ss 常读作[s]词例：miss, lesson, class, assist
12）th 有两种发音。

其一读作[θ] 词例：think, three, bath, method
其二读作[ð] 词例：this, with, weather , feather, mother
13）wh 常读作[w]词例：what, white, whip, where
14）kn 常读作[n]词例：knife, knee,
15）kn 常读作[n]词例：knife, knee,
16）tion, 有两种发音。

其一读作[ʃən] 词例：mention, conversation, modernization
其二读作[tʃən] 词例：question, suggestion
17）sion, 有两种发音。

其一读作[ʃən] 词例：mission, impression
其二读作[ӡən] 词例：decision, television
注：以上提供的仅仅是英语单词读音规则的一般规律，尽管英语单词的读音规则有规律可寻，但不是一劳永逸的事，同学们在掌握和熟悉一般规律的前提下还必须多读单词，并注意读准确。

特殊读音得采取特殊记忆的方法。