采油专业现场英语

对外合作采油作业技术劳物输出人员培训
现场专业英语
第一部分：Words and special terms 地面工艺部分
一、抽油机（pumping unit）
1.电动机 motor
2.滑轨 rack
3.曲柄 crack
4.平衡块 counterbalance
5.尾平衡块 tail counterbalance
6、连杆 pitman
7、曲柄销 crack pin
8、尾轴承 tail bearing
9、中轴承 medium bearing
10、减数箱 gear box
11、齿轮 gear
12、输入轴 import axis
13、中间轴 medium axis
14、输出轴 export axis
15、盖板 cover plate
16、黄油嘴 grease chock
17、弹子盘 ball bearing
18、润滑油 grease oil
19、机油 engine oil
20、横梁 girder
21、连杆销 pitman pin
22、游梁 pumping beam
23、驴头 horse head
24、驴头销子 horse head pin
25、曲柄平衡 crack-balanced
26、混合平衡 mixture-balanced
27、游梁平衡 beam-balanced
28、毛辫子 cable
29、毛辫子悬挂器 cable hanger
30、悬绳器 (方卡子) grip
31、皮带 belt
32、皮带轮 pulley
33、卡瓦牙 sup dogs
34、卡瓦座 slip socket bowl
35、支架 bracket
36、支架轴承 bracket bearing
37、支架轴承盖 bracket bearing cap
38、底座 bed (backing)
39、刹车 brake 40、刹车杆 brake lever
41、刹车片 brake lining
42、光杆 polished rod
二、井口（well head）
1、盘根 stuffing
2、盘根盒 stuffing box
3、盘根压帽 stuffing gland nut
4、锥形盘根 tapered stuffing
5、井口 well head
6、井口三通 three way of well head
7、井口上法兰 upper flange of well head
8、井口下法兰 down flange of well head
9、井口大法兰螺丝 flange screw of well head
10、螺帽 nut
11、接箍 joint
12、堵头 tubing check
13、管挂 tubing suspend
14、和尚头 tubing suspend of injection well
15、生产闸门 production valve
16、回压闸门 back pressure valve
17、闸门 valve
18、压力表 pressure gauge
19、压力表接头 pressure gauge joint
20、短节 pup joint
21、由壬 hammer lug union
22、弯头 bend
23、管线 pipe line
24、低压阀门 low pressure valve
25、中压阀门 medium pressure valve
26、高压阀门 high pressure valve
27、取样闸门 sampling valve
28、出油管线 pipe for oil flow out
29、法兰 flange
30、法兰垫子 flange packing
三、电路（electric circuit）
1、电缆 electric cable (wire line)
2、三相电缆 three-phase cable
3、三相四芯电缆 three-phase four core cable
4、电线 electric line
5、断路 break circuit
6、短路 short circuit
7、开关箱 switch box
8、保险丝 fuse
9、变压器 transformer
10、空气开关 air switch
11、灯泡 light
12、防爆灯 flame-proof light
13、防爆开关 flame-proof switch
14、火线 wire under voltage
15、零线 null line
16、功 work
17、功率 power
18、千瓦小时 kilowatt hour
19、电压 voltage
20、电流 current
21、电阻 resistance
22、电量 electric quantity
四、工具（tools）
1、工具房 tool house
2、扳手 wrench
3、套筒扳手 socket wrench
4、梅花扳手 plum blossom wrench
5、起子（改锥） screw driver
6、梅花起子 plum blossom screw driver
7、榔头 hammer
8、管钳 pipe grip
9、锯弓 saw
10、锯条 saw blade
11、游标卡尺 vernier caliper
12、钢卷尺 steel tape
13、皮尺 band tape
14、台虎钳 bench vice
15、割刀 cutter
16、撬杠 crowbar
17、水平尺 level gauge
18、锉刀 file
19、砂纸 sandpaper
20、粗砂纸 crude sandpaper
21、细砂纸 thin sandpaper
22、笔 pen
23、电笔 electric pen
24、纸 paper
25、手套 glove
26、安全帽 safety cap
27、保险带 safety belt
28、墨水 ink 29、扫把 broom
30、铁锨 spade
31、黄油 grease
32、油桶 oil barrel
33、汽油 gasoline
34、柴油 gas oil
35、机油 engine oil
36、棉纱 cotton
37、消防器材 firefighting equipment
38、灭火机 fire extinguisher
39、消防锨 firefighting spade
40、消防毛毡 firefighting blanket
41、架子车 handcart
42、胶布 adhesive plaster
43、防火胶布 fireproof adhesive plaster
44、密封胶带 seal adhesive tape
45、石棉绳 asbestos rope
46、钢丝绳 wire rope
47、绳卡子 rope clamp
48、计算机 computer
49、计算器 calculator
50、清蜡球 wax removal ball
五、集输（collecting and transportation）
1、值班房 doghouse
2、办公桌 table
3、椅子 chair
4、油气安全显示仪 safety indicate of gas oil
5.单量记录仪 metering recorder
6、收球筒 pipe for collect ball
7、收球 collect ball
8、气管线 gas pipe
9、油管线 oil pipe
10、水管线 water pipe
11、电加热器 electric heater
12、液位显示仪 liquid level indicator
13、原油净化 crude oil cleaning
14、单量齿轮泵 gear pump
15、电磁阀 electromagnetic valve
16、上液位 upper liquid level
17、下液位 down liquid level
18、产量 output
19、产液量 produced liquid
20、排量 outflow
21、换热器 heat exchanger
22、散热片 heat radiator
23、流量计 flow meter
24、转子流量计 rotameter
25、热水循环 heat water circulation
26、破乳剂 emulsion breaker
27、水表 water flow meter
28、注水泵 water injection pump
29、注水量 water injection rate
30、总机关 valving
31、来油管线 pipe for oil come
32、出油管线 pipe for oil flow out
33、混合管线 mixture pipe
34、单量管线 single meter pipe
35、单量来油 single meter oil
36、混合来油 mixture oil
37、计量站 meter station
38、注水站 injection station
39、供水站 water supply station
40、拉油点 filling station
41、装油 filling oil
42、卸油 unload oil
43、水套炉 jacket heater
44、烟囱 chimney
45、水位计 water level indicator
46、挡板 baffle
47、上水阀门 water come valve
48、上水管线 water come line
49、排污管线 pipe for drain dirt
50、燃烧 burn
51、人孔 manhole
52、火苗 flame
53、缓冲罐 cushion tank
54、事故罐 accident tank
55、安全阀 safety valve
56、呼吸阀 breathing valve
57、溢流沉降罐 overflow tank
58、可控水箱 controlled water box
59、出水口 water exit
60、出油口 oil exit
61、纯油 pure oil
62、外输泵 transportation pump
63、离心泵 centrifugal pump
64、往复泵 reciprocating pump 65、柱塞泵 ram pump
66、乳化层 emulsion layer
67、乳化油 emulsion oil
68、油水界面 oil-water surface
69、油气密封集输seal collect and transport for gas-oil
70、外输含水water-containing of transportation
72、外输温度、排量、压力 transportation
temperature、
outflow and
pressure
73、外输总液量 amount of transportation liquid
油田开发部分
一、油田开发（development of oil filed）
探井 prospect well
生产井 producing well
注水井 water injection well
观察井 observing well
调整井 adjusting well
油田开发 development of oil filed
开发方式 development form
油补距distance from tubing to bushing
套补距distance from casing to bushing
完井 well completion
射孔 perforating
压裂 fracturing
酸化 acidizing
修井 work-over
原始地层压力 original reservoir pressure 静止压力 static pressure
流动压力 flowing pressure
饱和压力 saturation pressure
油压 tubing pressure
套压 casing pressure
目前地层压力 current formation pressure 回压 back pressure
生产压差 producing pressure drop
注水压差 injection pressure drop
油层驱动方式 drive types of reservoir 注水 water injection
边部注水 marginal injection
面积注水 area injection
早期注水 early injection
晚期注水 later injection
注水开发 water injection development 采收率 oil recovery factor
采油速度 oil recovery rate
采出程度 production level（degree）
采油指数 productivity index
注采比 production/injection ration 注采平衡 voidage balance
含水原油 water cut oil
含水率 water cut
油气比 gas/oil ration
注水程度 water injection level（degree）
吸水指数 water absorbing index
地下亏空 subsurface voided
累积注水量 cumulative injection
压力平衡 pressure balance
主力油层 main formation
油层改造 reservoir stimulation
试井 well testing
井间干扰 well interference
压力恢复曲线 build-up curve
井下压力计 subsurface pressure gauge
井下流量计 subsurface flow meter
生产能力 productivity
单井产量 well yield
累积产液量 cumulative liquid production
折合日产液 liquid production per day
日产油 oil production per day
日产水 water production per day
生产气油比 produced gas/oil ratio
井下取样器 subsurface sampler
二、抽油井（pumping well）
抽油井 pumping well
表层套管 surface pipe
油层套管（套管） casing
机械采油 mechanical recovery
抽油机 pumping unit
抽油杆 sucker rod
抽油泵（深井泵）subsurface pump (bottom-hole pump)
管式泵 tubing pump 杆式泵 rod pump
砂锚 sand anchor
气锚 gas anchor
活塞 plunger
堵头 tubing check
尾管 liner
音标 sound mark
静液面 static liquid level
动液面 working level
沉没度 submergence depth
泵效 pump efficiency
示功图 load-position diagram
冲程 stroke
冲数（次） pump speed
憋压 pressure-out
泵径 pump diameter
防冲距 collision avoidance distance 动力仪 dynamometer
回声仪 echo instrument
气锁 gas lock
供液不足 lack of supply liquid
卡泵 pump stick
砂卡 sand stick
蜡卡 wax stick
凡尔漏失 valve leak
抽油杆断脱 sucker rod break
油管漏失 tubing leak
活塞脱出工作筒 plunger come out from work barrel
固定凡尔漏 standing valve leak
游动凡尔漏 traveling valve leak
气体影响 gas interference
振动载荷 vibration load
驴头负荷 horse head load
三、自喷井（natural flowing well）
采油树 production tree （charismas tree）
油嘴 choke
计量分离器 metering separator
水套加热炉 jacket heater
安全凡尔 safety valve
量油 metering oil
测气 measuring gas
清蜡 wax removal
机械清蜡 wax removal of machinery 刮蜡片 wax scraper
清蜡绞车 winch for wax removal
清蜡钢丝 wire rope for wax removal 热洗清蜡 wax removal of worm wash 防蜡 wax prevent
扫线 clean-out the pipe
封隔器 packer
四、注水井（injection well）
水源 water supply
水处理 water treatment
污水回注 wastewater re-injection 注水站 water injection station 注水泵 water- injection pump
配水间 water allocation house
分水器 water allocation equipment 供水泵 water transfer pump
注水管汇 injection pipes
污水处理 wastewater treatment
空气压缩机 air compressor
配电柜 panel
配电室 panel house
阀组间 valving
缓冲器 cushion container
原水罐 prime water tank
试注 testing water injection
转注 turn to injection
正注 positive injection
反注 negative injection
合注 merge injection
洗井 clean-out of well
正洗 positive clean-out
反洗 reserve clean-out
放压 release pressure
泵压 pump pressure
注水压力 injection pressure
油压 tubing pressure
套压 casing pressure
测井闸阀 testing sluice valve
油管闸阀 tubing sluice valve
套管 casing
闸阀 sluice
注入量 injection volume
石油地质部分一、石油地质（oil geologic）
石油 petroleum
天然气 natural gas
胶质 colloid
沥青质 bitumen
石蜡 wax or paraffin
油气显示 oil-gas indication
油气田 oil-gas field
油田 oil field
生油层 petroleum source bed
储油层 reservoir rock
绝对孔隙度 absolute porosity
有效孔隙度 active porosity
含油饱和度 oil saturation
渗透率 permeability
绝对渗透率 absolute permeability
相对渗透率 relative permeability
达西 Darcy
含油层petroleum-bearing formation
工业油藏 payable reservoir
地质储量 geologic reserves
可采储量 recoverable oil
二、石油的物性（properties of petroleum）
饱和压力 saturation pressure
原油溶解气油比 dissolved gas-oil ratio 原油密度 oil density
相对密度 relative density
原油粘度 oil viscosity
原油凝固点 oil solidifying point
原油体积系数 oil volume factor
原油收缩率 oil contraction
原油压缩系数 oil compressibility factor 溶解系数 dissolution factor
修井（井下作业部分）（well work-over）井下作业 bore-hole operation
压井作业 kill job
压井液 kill fluid
灌注法压井 potting kill method
循环法压井 circulation kill
反循环法压井reverse circulation kill method
正循环法压井 positive circulation kill method
挤注法压井 squeeze kill method 不压井作业 pressure balance work 压裂 fracturing 酸化 acidizing 酸洗 acid wash 酸浸 acid immerse 压裂液 fracturing fluid 支撑剂 proppant 封隔器找串 packer look for channeling 同位素找串 isotope look for channeling 探砂面 survey sand level 冲砂 sand washing 防砂 proof sand 试油 testing oil 气举诱喷 gas lift flow 射孔 perforation 补孔 perforations adding 检泵 pump checking 碰泵 collide pump 打捞 fishing 公锥 pin taps 母锥 die collar 油管打捞矛 tubing spear 抽油杆打捞矛 sucker rod spear 卡瓦打捞筒 slip-socket 磁铁打捞器 fishing magnet 一把抓 catchall 外铣鞋 outside milling shoe 内铣鞋 inside milling shoe 盐酸 hydrochloric acid 硫酸 sulphuric acid 硝酸(nitric acid) 表面活性剂 surface active agent(surfactant) 增粘剂 gelling material 泡沫剂 foam material 第二部分 采油工专业用语 (Special English for oil production) （1）抽油井开井操作。

Operation of open up pumping well. 1．开总机关集油管线阀门。

Open the collecting pipe valve. 2．检查加热炉是否完好，点火条件是否具备。

Check heater for proper ，lighting condition for ready. 3．检查井口手轮是否齐全，压力是否完善。

Check the hand wheel of well head for all exist ，check pressure for normal. 4．关井口放空闸门。

Close drop out valve of well head. 5．开回压闸门。

Open the back pressure valve. 6．开生产闸门。

Open the production valve. 7．检查抽油机是否正常。

Check pumping unit for normal. 8．检查抽油机四周有无障碍物。

Check pumping unit around for barrier. 9．合上闸刀。

Switch on. 10．松开刹车。

Loosen the brake. 11．按启动电钮。

Press the starting button. 12．听有无异常声音或异常现象。

Listen for abnormal voice ，look for abnormal phenomenon. 13．填写报表，记录开井时压力、时间。

Fill in report ，record open up pressure and time. （2） 抽油井关井操作。

Operation of close in. 1．停炉，灭火，把火嘴拿出炉膛。

Stop heater ，put out fire ，remove the choke from fire box. 2．按停止按钮，刹紧刹车。

根据油井情况，让驴头停在适当的位置。

Press stop button ，put on brake ，depending on well condition ，stop the horse head on
proper position. 3．一般井将曲柄停在右上方45度位置。

General ，stop the crack on upper-right 45°position. 4．出砂严重井：驴头停在上死点。

For the well which produce sand serious ，stopping the horse head on top dead center. 5．高油气或结蜡严重，稠油井驴头停在下死点。

Well of high gas/oil ratio，serious wax or viscosity oil，stop the horse
Head on bottom dead center.
6．关井口生产闸门。

Close producing valve of well head.
7．关井口回压闸门。

Close back pressure valve of well head. 8．打开放空闸门，放尽余油。

Open drop out valve，
9．关紧总机关上、下流闸门。

Close front and back valve of valving.
10填写报表，记录关井时间，压力，并注明关井原因。

Fill in report，record close in time and pressure，notes the reason。

（3）抽油机调冲次操作。

Operation of adjusting pumping speed.
1.准备好所需的皮带轮。

Prepare for the required pulley.
2.将抽油机停稳。

Stop pumping unit steady.
3.松电机固定螺丝。

Loosen the fixing screw of motor.
4.取下皮带。

Remove the belt.
5.将扒轮器放在皮带轮中心(孔)。

Put stripper in the pulley hole.
6.丝杆向右旋转。

Turn the pole to right.
7.将皮带轮取下（卸下）。

Remove the pulley.
8.测量电动轴，新皮带轮的孔径。

Measure the diameters of motor axis and new pulley hole.
9.清洗电机轴和新皮带的孔径，涂上黄油。

Cleaning the motor axis and new hole, paint on grease.
10.装皮带轮。

Install pulley.
11.一人手握铜棒，另一人用铁锤打进。

One person holes a copper rod, the other beat it in with a hammer.
12.装皮带时先大轮后小轮。

When install belt, put it on the big pulley first, then the little one.
13.检查皮带松紧合适程度。

Check belt tightness for proper.
14.调四点一线。

Adjust four point in line.
15.固定电机。

Fixing motor.
16.启动试抽，观察运转情况。

Starting for testing pump, observe the operation.
17皮带轮的直径及调换的时间做记录。

Check brake for operate freely, check brake pin for perfect.
(4)抽油机调冲程操作。

Operation of adjust stroke.
1.检查刹车，是否灵活，刹车销是否完好。

Check brake for operate freely, check brake pin for perfect.
2.按停止电钮，刹紧刹车。

Press stop button, put on brake.
3.光杆卡子座在盘根盒上卡紧光杆，卸掉负荷。

Set grip on stuffing box, clamp the polished rod, remove the load.
4.用手钳拨掉开口销子。

Pull out open pin with vice.
5.用套筒扳手卸掉冕形螺帽。

Remove the nut with socket wrench.
6.用撬杆把曲柄销子撬出或用铜棒、铁锤敲出，使两个曲柄销子脱出曲柄孔。

Prize the two crack pit out with crowbar, or beat it out with copper rod and hammer. 7. 将衬套装入已清洗干净的，选定的冲程孔内。

Install liner in clean and selected stroke hole.
8.一人控制刹车其他人用专用工具盘动皮带轮要缓慢松动刹车，此处要特别注意安全，防止游梁下滑，造成人身事故。

One person control brake, the others twirl the pulley with special tools, Loose brake slowly ,pay attention to safety, prevent the walking beam slide down and leads to personal injure.
9.冲程由小调大，松动刹车。

由大调小可盘皮带轮，使销子对准孔中心，双手推进孔内。

Make the pin straight to center of the hole, push it into the hole with hands.
10.放好压紧垫圈。

Put on seal ring.
11.用套筒扳手上紧冕形螺母。

Tighten nut with socket wrench.
12.上好开口销子。

Tighten open pin.
13. 松刹车，按起动电钮，起抽检查调整部位。

Loosen brake, press starting button, start pumping unit, check the adjusting part. 14. 要求无碰撞声、无杂音、运转正常为宜。

Require there is no impact voice, the operation is proper.
15. 填写报表。

Fill in report.
(5)抽油机调防冲距操作。

Operation of adjusting collision avoidance distance.
1.停机，切断电源。

调大防冲距时，驴头停在中间适当位置，调小防冲距时，驴头停在接近下死点。

Stop pumping unit. Switch off electric power supply. If increase the collision avoidance distance, stop the horse head on medium position, otherwise, stop the horse head near the bottom dead center.
2.用光杆卡子卡好光杆后，平稳的坐在盘根盒上。

Clamp polished rod with grip, then set it on the stuffing box steady.
3.卸掉负荷，用手摇动光杆有无下滑现象。

Remove load, shaking polished rod with hand for slide down.
4.根据预定位置。

在光杆上量好距离，画出记号，再松动光杆卡子。

Depending on the predicted position, measure the length, make a sign the loosen the polished rod grip.
5.将卡子移到记号处。

Move the grip to the marked position.
6.缓慢松开刹车，使驴头平稳的吃上负荷。

Loosen the brake slowly, make the load on the horse head.
7.刹紧刹车。

Put on brake.
8.松光杆下卡子，用锉刀、砂纸打掉光杆毛刺。

Loosen the polished rod grip which on the bottom, then polish the burr with file and sand paper.
9.检查抽油机周围有无障碍物，起动抽油机。

Check pumping unit around for barrier, starting it.
10.观察试油情况，有无碰泵现象，必要时，再进行调校。

Observe the producing for collide pump, if necessary, adjusting it again.
11.清理工具用具。

Clean all the tools.
12.填写报表，记录防冲距调校数据。

Fill in report, record the date of adjusting collision avoidance distance .
(6)抽油机更换曲柄销子操作。

Operation of changing pumping unit crack pin.
1.停机、曲柄停在朝井口方向45—46度的位置，刹紧刹车、切断电源。

Stop pumping unit, make the crack stop to the well head 45-°46°, put on brake.
2.光杆卡子座在盘根盒上，卡紧。

Set the polished rod grip on stuffing box, clamp the polished rod.
3.盘皮带，卸负荷（使悬绳器略松即可）。

Twirl belt, remove the load.
4.卸开连杆与曲柄销子轴承座的连接螺丝。

Remove the coupling screw which connect the pitman and bearing seat.
5.用手钳子拨掉开口销子。

Pull out open pin with vice.
6.用套筒扳手卸掉冕形螺母。

Remove the nut with socket wrench.
7.用铁锤将曲柄销子从曲柄孔打出。

Beat the crack pin out of crack hole with hammer.
8.将曲柄销子洗干净，并检查其完好程度。

Cleaning the crack pin, check it for proper.
9.卸轴承孔盖制动垫圈和圆螺母。

Remove the brake ring and round nut of
bearing hole.
10.将旧曲柄销子从轴承打出。

Beat out the old crack pin from bearing. 11.装上新销子，上紧螺母，装上制动垫圈和轴承盖。

Install new crack pin, tighten the nut, then install the brake ring and bearing cap. 12.涂上黄油。

新衬套装入曲柄孔内。

Paint on grease. Install new liner in crack hole.
13.将新曲柄销子装入曲柄孔内，放入压紧垫圈。

Install new crack pin in crack hole， then put the seal ring in.
14.将冕形螺母上紧。

装好开口销子。

Tighten the nut. Install the open pin. 15.上紧连杆与曲柄销子轴承座的连接螺丝。

Tighten the coupling screw which connect the pitman and bearing seat.
16.松刹车，挂上负荷。

Loosen the brake, suspend load on horse head.
17.卸掉光杆卡子。

Remove the polished rod grip.
18.清查工具、用具，清理抽油机底基上和周围的障碍物。

Check tools, clear away the barrier of pumping unit bed and around it.
19.启抽，检查安装质量有无异常声音。

Starting pumping unit, check install quality, check abnormal voice.
20.填写保养记录及更换部件时间。

Fill in maintenance record and change spares time.
(7)抽油机换皮带操作。

Operation of changing pumping unit belt. 1.停机。

Stop pumping unit.
2.拉下闸刀，切断电源。

Switch out and switch of electric power supply.
3.慢松刹车，使驴头自动停在上死点，曲柄停在下方。

Loosen the brake slowly, make the horse head stop on the upper dead center automatic, stop the crack under it. 4.卸掉护罩。

Remove the protecting cap.
5.先松电机固定螺丝。

Loosen fixing screw of the motor first. 6.再松电机前顶丝。

Loosen front screw of the motor.
7.用撬杠或其它工具向内移动电机，放松皮带。

Move the motor to front with crowbar or other tools, loosen belt.
8.缓慢盘动皮带，依次取下旧皮带，并依次换上新皮带。

盘动皮带时用手掌平按着移动，严禁用手抓，防止压破手指。

Twirl belt slowly, replace old belt with new one, press the belt with hand and move it. Do not hold belt with hand, prevent fracturing your finger.
9.将电机调回原来的位置，并调四点一线和皮带松紧。

Remove the motor back to the original position, adjust four point in line and belt tightness.
10.紧固电机前顶丝。

Tighten front screw of motor.
11.紧固电机固定螺丝。

Tighten fixing screw of motor.
12.装上护罩。

Install protecting cap.
13.合上闸刀，按启动电钮，启抽，检查皮带情况。

Switch on, press starting button, start pumping unit, check belt.
14.检查松紧程度。

Check belt for tightness.
15.用手指按下皮带1—2指为合适。

Press belt 1-2 finger is proper.
16.用手翻皮带能将背面翻上，松手后即恢复原状为合适。

If the back of belt can be overturned with hand and when released it can rebounds to its original shape, the tightness of belt is proper.
17.注意事项。

皮带长度一定要合适，不能过长和过短。

新皮带不能和旧皮带同时一起用。

Caution terms: Belt length must be proper,
it can not be too long or too short. New belt can not be use with old one in the meantime.
18.保持皮带清洁，不要沾染油污。

因为沾染后有腐蚀作用，影响皮带寿命。

Keep the belt cleaning, otherwise, there will be some corrosion, effect the belt life.
19.一定要装护罩，注意安全。

It must be install the protecting cap, pay attention to safety.
20.更换皮带时要注意规格及型号。

Pay attention to standards and types when changing belt.
(8)抽油机换盘根操作。

Operation of changing pumping unit stuffing.
1.准备好同光杆直径相同的盘根。

Ready a stuffing which has the same diameter with polished rod.
2.停机将悬绳器停在便于操作的适当位置，切断电源，刹紧刹车。

Stop pumping unit, make the beam hanger stop on a proper position, then switch off electric power supply and put on brake. 3.关回压闸门。

Close back pressure valve.
4.开放空闸门。

Open drop out valve.
5 .迅速卸掉盘根压帽和压盖，用铁丝将压盖和压帽牢靠地吊在悬绳器上，防止脱落碰伤手指。

Remove stuffing gland nut and gland speedly, suspend them under beam hanger with wire line, prevent them drop off and hurt your finger.
6.用起子或铁钩挑出旧盘根。

Hook the old stuffing out with screw driver or iron hook
7.把新盘根涂上黄油加入盘根盒内。

Pant grease on new stuffing and install it in stuffing box.
8.上好压盖和压帽。

Tighten gland nut and gland.
9.关放空闸门。

Close drop out valve.
10.开回压闸门。

Open back pressure valve.
11.松刹车启抽。

Loosen brake, starting pumping unit.
12.观察盘根盒是否渗油。

Observe stuffing box for leak oil.
13.光杆是否发热。

根据情况进行调整。

Contact polished rod with hand for heat, depending on the condition adjust it. (9)抽油井检泵后现场质量验收方法。

Well-site quality inspect method after pump work-over.
憋压法操作步骤。

Operation of pressure-out.
1.关回压阀门，看油压上升变化情况。

Close back pressure valve, observe oil pressure changing.
2.油压上升缓慢，说明固定凡尔不是很严密的。

If slowly, it indicate that standing valve is not seal.
3.油压上升较快，说明固定凡尔是严密的。

If oil pressure increase fast, it indicate that standing valve is seal.
4.油压上升，接着又下降，说明凡尔不严。

If oil pressure increase first, then decrease, it indicate that standing valve is not seal.
5.指针不动，憋不起压力，说明双凡尔不严。

If the indicator can not move， the pressure is not increase， it indicate that two valve are all not seal.
6.可反复进行几次，最后确定结论。

Repeat this procedure several times, then draw a conclusion.
7.开回压闸门，保持原状。

Open back pressure valve, keeping the original state.
计量法操作步骤。

Operation procedure of metering.
1.关回压阀门。

Close back pressure valve.
2.开放空阀门排液。

Open drop out valve and drain off liquid.
3.将排出液体接入容器，从出液到接满要计准时间。

Make the liquid into a container, measure the time from drain off liquid to full of
container accurate.
4.然后算出每分钟排液量，再计算出日排液量。

Calculate outflow per minute, then per day.
5.计算出日排液量后，再同修井前日排量对比，若等于或低于前日排量，则说明检泵不合格，应考虑或拒绝接井。

Compare two outflow which in front and after pump work-over, if the two outflow is equal or the later is lower, it state that pump work-over is not qualified, then must consider or refuse to accept the well. 6.井口设备与井场部分。

Well head equipment and well site.
7.井场要恢复原状、无油污水坑。

Well site must be retrieved the original state and has no waste oi and water hole.
8.井口安装是否符合设计要求。

If the installation of well head qualify the designing.
9.抽油机干净。

The pumping unit is cleaning.
10.井口设备、仪表、齐全完好，无松动漏失现象。

Equipment, instrument of well head are all existed and perfect, there are not any loosing and leaking.
11.完井结构符合设计要求。

Well completion structure is qualified designing require.
(10)抽油机一保作业。

Operation of pumping unit first degree maintenance.
1.调小水套炉的火。

Adjust jacket heater fire to small.
2.停抽刹车，切断电源。

Stop pumping unit, put on brake, switch off electric power supply.
3.清除抽油机外部油污、泥土。

Cleaning external waste oil and clay of pumping unit.
4.紧固减速箱、底座、中轴承、平衡块、电机等部固定螺丝。

Tighten all fixing screw of gear box、bed、medium bearing、counterbalance and motor. 5.打开变速箱视孔，松开刹车，盘动皮带轮、检查齿轮啮合情况。

Open the gear box indicator hole loosen brake, twirl pulley, check gear for engagement condition.
6.检查减速箱油面及油质，不足时应补加，变质时要更换。

Check oil level and quality of gear box, if the oil is not enough, add some oil, if the oil quality is change, then replace it. 7.清洗减速箱呼吸阀。

Cleaning the gear box breather.
8.对中轴承、尾轴承、曲柄销子轴承、驴头固定销子、减速箱轴承等处加注黄油。

Injection grease oil to medium bearing、tail bearing、crack pin bearing、horse head pin、gear box bearing etc.
9.检查刹车是否灵活好用，必要时应进行调整。

Check brake for operate freely, if necessary, adjust it again.
10.检查皮带松紧程度。

不合格进行调整，皮带损坏要及时更换。

Check belt tightness, if it is not qualified, adjust it, if the belt is damaged, change it.
11.检查毛辫子，有起刺、断股现象应更换，检查悬绳器、悬挂盘应完好。

Inspect cable, if there is burr and break, it must be replaced it, inspect beam hanger and hanger tray for perfect.
12.检查电器设备绝缘应良好。

Check isolation of electrical equipment for perfect.
13.检查驴头中心必须与井口中心对正。

Horse head center must be straight to the well head center.
14.调大炉火。

Adjust jacket heater fire to big.
15.抽油机运转720小时，进行一保作业。

After the pumping unit has operated for 720 hours, it must be going to first degree maintenance.
16.曲柄销子注黄油时，可将轴承盖卸下，直接加注黄油。

When injection grease to crack pin, remove
the bearing cap, injection grease directly.
(11)抽油机井的巡回检查。

Traveling check pumping well.
1.井口部分录取压力。

Record well head pressure
2.悬绳器部分。

Check beam hanger.
3.曲柄、曲柄销子平衡块部分。

Check crack、crack pin and counterbalance.
4.连杆、连杆销子、尾梁部分。

Check pitman、pitman pin and tail beam. 5.驴头、游梁、中轴部分。

Check horse head、walking beam and medium bearing.
6.支架、底盘基础、刹车部分。

Check bracket、bed and brake.
7.皮带轮、皮带、刹车部分。

Check pulley、belt and brake.
8.变速箱及各部轴承。

Check gear box and all bearing.
9.电动机和启动箱内的电器设备部分。

Check motor and electric equipment of staring box.
10.抽油机各部位的连接固定螺丝不允许有松动现象。

All coupling screw of pumping unit can not be loose.
11.抽油机凡属加注黄油、齿轮油的各个润滑部位和润滑点，不允许有缺油现象。

All lubricating position of pumping unit can not be lack of oil.
12.悬绳器钢丝绳无断损现象。

Wire rope of beam hanger can not be damaged.
13.驴头、悬绳器、光杆要对准井口中心位置。

Horse head、beam hanger and polished rod must be straight to the well head center.
14.井口盘根不发热、不漏油、松紧适当，光杆外露0.8—1.5米。

Well head stuffing do not heat and leak, the tightness is proper, polished rod out of stuffing box 0.8 to 1.5 meter.
15.井口设备、抽油机设备达到不缺、不锈、不松动、不渗漏、规格化。

Equipment of well head and pumping unit can not be lack、rust、loose and leak, they must be standard.
16.电器设备无漏电现象。

Electric equipment can not be leaking. 17.井场无油污、无杂草，抽油机周围无障碍物。

Well site has no waste oil and grass, around pumping unit has no barrier.
18.掺水温度65—70摄氏度，单井回油温度35—40摄氏度。

Water mixture temperature is from 65 to 70 centigrade. backing oil temperature is from 35 to 40 centigrade.
(12)在油井取油样
Operation of oil well sampling.
1.打开取样阀门把死油放进放污桶内。

Open the sampling valve, let the dead oil flowing into a waste oil barrel.
2.打开样桶盖，一手拿取样桶，一手开取样闸门。

Remove the cap of sampling barrel, hold the sampling barrel with one hand, open the sampling valve with the other hand.
3.根据油井含水不同所取数量要满足化验要求。

Depending on the oil well water cut , take enough sample for chemical examination require.
4.取完后用棉纱擦净取样桶上的残油，盖好样桶盖。

Wipe off the remainder oil of sampling barrel with cotton after sampling, then put the cap on it.
5.雨天取样一定要有防漏措施。

Sampling in the rain must be have rain proof measure.
6.所取油样不允许1次取完，至少3次。

Sampling divided into three times.
(13)倒注水井正注流程。

Changing reserve water flush line to positive injection line.
1.关闭井口的油管洗井闸门。

Close tubing flush valve of well head. 2.关闭套管闸门。

Close casing valve.
3.开注水井井口总闸门。

Open the well head control valve of well
head.
5.打开井口油管注水闸门。

Open the tubing injection valve of well head.
6.打开配水间的上流闸门。

Open the front valve of water allocation house.
7.开下流闸门，控制水量。

Open the back valve, control the outflow.
8.记录水表底数，开井时间、泵压、油压、套压、填入班报表内。

Record beginning date of water gauge、opening time、pump pressure、casing pressure and fill them in the report.
9.开关闸门要平稳。

Open and close valve must be steady.
10.按配注方案定压定量注水，实际注水量与配注量相符。

Depending on injection allocation plan decide injection pressure and volume, the actual injection volume must be equal injection allocation volume.
11.开关闸门要侧身
Open and close valve must be incline body.
(14)注水井的巡回检查。

Traveling check injection well.
1.检查该注水井的单井管线是否有穿孔漏水现象。

Check injection well pipe line for leaking.
2.录取油、套管压力。

Record tubing and casing pressure.
3.检查配水间各闸门有无渗漏现象。

Check water allocation house valve for leaking.
4.录取注水量，并填写报表。

Record injection volume and fill it in report.
5.检查配注的完成情况，根据泵压的变化调整好注水量。

Check completion of injection allocation, depending on pump pressure variation adjust the injection volume.
6.采油树配水间各闸门零部件不缺无渗漏、清洁无腐蚀。

All valve of well head and water allocation house are not lacking and leaking, they must be cleaning and can not be corrosion.
7.注水量按配注及层段性质的要求进行。

Depending on the property of layer and injection allocation decide injection volume.
8.按时录取各项资料，并要求齐全准确。

Record every date on time, they must be overall and accurate.
9.根据生产情况，提出该井合理措施和建议。

Depending on producing condition, pose a rational measure and advice.
(15)使用干粉灭火机。

Operation of using powder fire extinguisher.
1.将干粉灭火机提到着火现场，置于上风处。

Carry the powder fire extinguisher in fire site.
2.打开保险销，把喷管头上的堵盖打开，对准火源根部。

Open safety latch first, then open the gland of spray head and straight it to the fire root.
3.拉动拉环，或压下销钉，干粉即喷出灭火。

Draw the ring or press the bolt, powder will spray out and extinguish fire.
4.手拿胶管，喷头左右摆动，由外向内将火扑灭。

Take the soft pipe and shake the spray head right and left, extinguish fire from external to internal.
5.灭火时，不要离火太近，小心火苗烧伤。

When extinguish fire, the distance can not be too short to injure yourself.
(16)抽油机碰泵。

Operation of collide pump.
1.调小炉火。

Adjust jacket heater fire to small.
2.停抽将驴头停在接近下死点，刹紧车，断电。

Stop pumping unit, make the horse head on the bottom dead center, put on brake, switch off electric power supply
3.用方卡子卡紧光杆，座在盘根盒上，使驴头卸掉负荷。

Clamp the polished rod with grip, and make it set on the stuffing box, remove the load。