历年高考英语阅读汇总120篇 详细解析

(共120篇+详细解析)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

(第1篇)
You know how wonderful you are, and you know that others know how wonderful you are, but what do you do when admiration crosses over the line into jealousy? For most teens there will come a day when you realize that one of your friends is jealous and that this jealousy is hurting your friendship. When this happens it can seem like there is nothing that you can do, but the good news is that there is. Don't let jealousy spoil your relationships. Tackle it headon and you might be back to normal much sooner than you think.
It can be hard to walk up to a friend and ask them what the problem is, but if you want to save your friendship you'll have to do just that. Don't approach them and ask why they are jealous of you (unless of course you want to appear totally conceited), just take some time alone with them and let them know that you've been feeling like there's been something coming between you. If they refuse to respond, then use the opportunity to explain how you have been feeling. Chances are that something you say will strike a nerve and your friend will open up as well.
When you figure out what is annoying your friend, ask him or her what (s)he thinks would make the situation better. If, for example, (s)he says that (s)he feels like (s)he doesn't get to spend any time with you because of your being off with your new friends from tee swim team then maybe you could invite her along the next time or block off one day a week for just the two of you. Remember, though, that whatever solution you decide on should be a compromise. Don't limit your own talents or opportunities simply because your friend is unhappy. Try instead to include him or her in your new life and see how that works out.
Even the best of friendships can be tinged by jealousy. This destructive emotion is rarely productive and can turn best friends into worst enemies. Before taking extreme action, chat with your jealous friend to see if the two of you can work out a compromise.If you can't, be prepared to know exactly how far you will go to keep your friendand how far you won't.
解读：本文是关于人际关系的话题。

尤其是青少年朋友之间会因为嫉妒而使相互间的友谊被破坏，本文着重讲述如何处理被朋友嫉妒及处理过程中可能遇到的困难。

1. According to the author, the jealousy emotion is________.
A. normal
B. productive
C. destructive
D. extreme
[解析] 细节理解题，由第一段第二句．..that this jealousy is hurting，your friendship.可知。

[答案] C
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to confront your friend when jealousy happens?
A. Walking up to him/her and asking him/her why he/she is jealous of you.
B. Walking up to him/her and asking him/her what the problem is.
C. Spending some time with him/her and letting him/her know how you feel.
D. Spending some time with him/her and letting him/her know you think there's something between you.
[解析] 细节理解题。

由第二段第二句Don't approach them and ask why they are jealous of you可知。

[答案] A
3. The underlined "it" in the first paragraph refers to________.
A. friendship
B. relationship
C. admiration
D. jealousy
[解析] 细节理解题。

由文章第一段可知。

[答案] D
4. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A. There's always a solution to solve the problem of jealousy.
B. Jealousy can turn best friends into worst enemies.
C. You may lose a friend to keep your own gifts, chances or self development.
D. You should go a long way with your friend to work out a solution
[解析] 推理判断题。

[答案] C
5. The purpose of the passage is________.
A. to explain what causes jealousy
B. to offer some advice on making friends
C. to introduce the way to cope with a jealous friend
D. to explain how destructive the jealous emotion is
[解析] 作者意图题。

通读全文可知，本文酌写作目的是介绍处理有嫉妒心朋友的方法。

[答案] C
(第2篇)
Do American children still learn handwriting in school? In the age of the keyboard, some people seem to think handwriting lessons are on the way out. 90% of teachers say they are required to teach handwriting.But studies have yet to answer the question of how well they are teaching it. One study published this year found that about three out of every four teachers say they are not prepared to teach handwriting. Some teachers are teaching handwriting by
providing instruction for 10 15 minutes a day, and then other teachers who basically teach it for 60 to 70 minutes a day - which really for handwriting is pretty much.
Many adults remember learning that way - by copying letters over and over again. Today' s thinking is that short periods of practice are better. Many experts also think handwriting should not be taught by itself.Instead, they say it should be used as a way to get students to express ideas. After all, that is why we write.
Handwriting involves two skills. One is legibility,_which means forming the letters so they can be read. The other is fluency - writing without having to think about it. Fluency continues to develop up until high school.
But not everyone masters these skills. Teachers commonly report that about onefourth of their kids have poor handwriting. Some people might think handwriting is not important any more because of computers and voice recognition programs.
But Steve Graham at Vanderbilt says word processing is rarely done in elementary school, especially in the early years. American children traditionally first learn to print, and then to write in cursive, which connects the letters. But guess what we learned from a spokeswoman for the College Board, which administers the SAT college admission test. More than 75 percent of students choose to print their essay on the test rather than write in cursive.
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了在键盘普及的年代美国的书法教学情况。

1．We can learn ________ from Paragraph 1.
A. teaching handwriting is a basic requirement in teaching job
B. most teachers prefer to teach handwriting
C. teachers spend little time in teaching handwriting
D. a keyboard has taken the place of the handwriting entirely
[解析] 推理判断题。

根据第一段中"90% of teachers say they are required to teach handwriting"可知书法教学是基本的教学要求，A项为正确推论。

根据"One study published this year found that about three out of every four teachers say they are not prepared to teach handwriting"可知，很多老师不愿意教书法课，B项错误；根据第一段末句可知C项错误；根据全段判断，只是说键盘普及使一些人认为书法渐渐过时了，D项错误。

[答案] A
2．Which of the following is WRONG for traditional handwriting in the USA?
A. The students are taught by practicing a long period.
B. The letters are repeated many times.
C. Handwriting includes two skills.
D. To write in cursive is taught first.
[解析] 细节认定题。

根据第二段可知，传统的书法教学重复很多遍并且持续时间长，因此A、B 两项内容正确。

根据第三段第一句可知C项内容正确；根据最后一段第二句可知D项内容错误。

[答案] D
3．The underlined word "legibility" in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A. easy to read
B. complex
C. unexpected
D. unreadable
[解析] 推测词义题。

根据下文"which means forming the letters so they can be read"可推测画线词的意思是"清楚，易读"。

[答案] A
4．The best title for the passage is ________.
A. How to improve handwriting in school
B. Right or wrong: the death of handwriting
C. Handwriting involves two skills
D. Handwriting lessons are on the way out
[解析] 标题归纳题。

作者对美国书法教学的现状作了叙述，没有自己的主观评论，故选择B。

A 项没有涉及，C项只是其中一部分内容，D项只是一部分人的观点。

[答案] B
5．The author' s attitude towards whether still to learn handwriting in school is________.
A. negative
B. objective
C. critical
D. optimistic
[解析] 态度判断题。

根据全文的叙述，作者只是将美国书法教学的现状和不同人的观点呈现出来，并没有发表自己的见解，因此作者持客观的态度。

[答案] B
[长难句解读] One study published this year found that about three out of every four teachers say they are not prepared to teach handwriting.今年公布的一项研究发现，大约每四个教师中就有三个说他们不准备教书法了。

published this year为过去分词短语作后置定语，found后面为宾语从句，其中又含有一个宾语从句they are not prepared to teach handwriting。

(第3篇)
A Southampton University team found that people who were vegetarians by 30 had recorded five IQ points higher on average at the age of 10. Researchers said it could explain why people with a higher IQ were healthier as a vegetarian diet was linked to lower heart disease and obesity rates. The study of 8,179 people was reported in the British Medical Journal.
Twenty years after the IQ tests were carried out in 1970, 366 of the participants said they were vegetarians - although more than 100 reported eating either fish or chicken.
Men who were vegetarians had an IQ score of 106, compared with 101 for
non-vegetarians; while female vegetarians averaged 104, compared with 99 for non-vegetarians. There was no difference in the IQ scores, between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.
Researchers said the findings were partly related to better education and higher class, but it remained statistically significant after adjusting for these factors.
Vegetarians were more likely to be female, to be of higher social class and to have higher academic or vocational qualifications than non-vegetarians. However, these differences were not reflected in their annual income, which was similar to that of non-vegetarians.
Lead researcher Catharine Gale said, "The findings that children with greater intelligence are more likely to report being vegetarians as adults, together with the evidence on the potential benefits of a vegetarian diet on heart health, may help to explain why a higher IQ in childhood or adolescence is linked with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease in adult life.
But Dr Frankie Phillips of the British Dietetic Association said，"It_ is_ like _the _chicken _and _egg. Do people become vegetarians because they have a very high IQ or is it just that they are clever enough to be more aware of health issues？"
[语篇解读] 研究表明，素食和高智商有一定的关系。

1．What' s the result of the research mentioned in the text?
A. Intelligent children are more likely to become vegetarians later in life.
B. Children with a higher IQ are less likely to have heart disease later in life.
C. Intelligent children tend to belong to higher social class later in life.
D. Children with a healthier heart tend to have a higher IQ later in life.
[解析] 细节理解题。

根据第一段中的"people who were vegetarians by 30 had recorded five IQ points higher on average at the age of 10"可知A项正确。

根据"it could explain why..."可知这一结果可帮助解释B项中的现象，但B项并非这次研究的结果。

故本题选A。

[答案] A
2．It was found in the research that________.
A. most of the participants became vegetarians 20 years after the IQ tests were carried out
B. vegetarians who ate fish or chicken were of similar intelligence with strict vegetarians
C. female vegetarians were more likely to have higher annual income than
non-vegetarians
D. vegetarians were more likely to have higher annual income than non-vegetarians
[解析] 细节理解题。

根据第三段中的"There was no difference in the IQ scores between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken"可知答案。

[答案] B
3．Catharine Gale talked about "being vegetarians" in a(n)________way.
A. doubtful
B. favorable
C. negative
D. objective
[解析] 推理判断题。

根据第六段可知Catharine Gale只是客观地讲述研究结果，并没有表示自己的立场。

故选D项。

[答案] D
4．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A. Intelligence is linked to not just being a vegetarian but to many factors.
B. The rate of getting heart disease is linked to your lifestyle.
C. The link between a high IQ and being a vegetarian is still uncertain.
D. The link between a healthy heart and diet remains to be proved.
[解析] 推理判断题。

文章最后一句的意思是：人们成为素食者是因为他们智商高还是因为他们足够聪明而更注意健康问题？由此可见Dr Frankie Phillips认为素食和高智商的因果关系尚未明确，就像弄不清楚是因为有蛋才有鸡，还是因为有鸡才有蛋一样。

故C项正确。

[答案] C
5．What' s the best title for the text?
A. Get more IQ points!
B. Be a vegetarian, please!
C. Vegetarian diet cuts heart risk
D. A high IQ is linked to being a vegetarian
[解析] 标题概括题。

本文介绍了一项研究结果：素食与高智商有关，故D项正确。

作者并未提出建议，所以A、B两项错误；文章中虽然提到了心脏病，但不是文章的主旨，故C项错误。

[答案] D
[长难句解读] (1) A Southampton University team found that people who were vegetarians by 30 had recorded five IQ points higher on average at the age of 10.
本句是含有定语从句的复合句。

who were vegetarians by 30是定语从句，修饰先行词people。

(2)There was no difference in the IQ scores between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.
There was no difference in the IQ scores between strict vegetarians and those是主句，who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken是定语从句，修饰先行词those。

(第4篇)
The hole in the Earth's ozone layer (臭氧层) has until now protected Antarctica from the worst effects of global warming. But scientists have warned that as the hole closes up in the next few decades, temperatures on the continent could rise by around 3 ℃on average, with melting ice contributing to a global sea level increase of up to 1.4 metres.
In the past decades the western Antarctic has seen rapid ice loss as the world has warmed, but the other parts of the continent have, paradoxically, been cooling, resulting in a 10% increase in ice in the seas around the region. This is because the hole in the ozone layer has increased cold winds in Antarctica, making much of the continent surface colder than usual.
But now that the gasses that cause the ozone hole have been banned, scientists expect the hole to repair itself within the next 50 to 60 years. By then the cooling effect will have faded out and the Antarctic will face the full impact of global warming. This means an increase in average air temperatures of around 3 ℃and a reduction in sea ice by around a third.
The biggest threat to the continent comes from warming seas. Robert Johnson, a scientist who monitors Antarctica ice sheets, said, "The ice sheets in Antarctica are hundreds of metres thick. But once warm ocean waters start flowing underneath, the ice will begin thinning and could break up very quickly." Thinning ice sheets cause ice to break away from the continent and to melt even faster. Escaping ice from western Antarctica has already resulted in a 10% rise in global sea level in recent decades.
Johnson believes that international action to reduce global warming is required immediately or it may be too late. "Everything is connected - Antarctica may be a long way away but it is an important part of the Earth's system，" said Johnson. "It contains 90% of the world's ice, 70% of the world's fresh water and that is enough, if it melts completely, to raise sea levels by 63 metres."
Even in a worse-case situation scientists don't expect the ice to entirely disappear, but predict that, because of the melting ice sheets, average sea level rise will be around 1.4 metres higher by the end of the century.
1. The underlined word "paradoxically" (in Paragraph 2) most probably means"________."
A. rapidly
B. approximately
C. contradictorily
D. apparently
[答案] C
2. What is the effect of the hole in the ozone layer on Antarctica?
A. It is causing the ice to melt faster.
B. It is making much of the continent colder.
C. It is making the effects of global warming in the region worse.
D. It is reducing the amount of water in Antarctica.
[答案] B
3. What do scientists think is the biggest danger facing Antarctica?
A. Rising sea levels.
B. Warming sea water temperature.
C. Water pollution.
D. Growing ice sheets.
[答案] B
4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Antarctica is currently experiencing the full effects of global warming.
B. The average temperature has increased by 3 ℃in recent decades.
C. Antarctica contains most of the world's fresh water.
D. Ten percent of Antarctica's ice has already been lost.
[答案] C
5. The best title for the passage is________.
A. Our planet in danger
B. Antarctica melting away
C. Action plan to save Antarctica
D. Let's save the ozone layer
[答案] B
(第5篇)
We bet that on cold wintry days, many of you love to stay in your warm home and, every now and then，come out into the kitchen for a snack. Unfortunately, plenty of creepy-crawly critters (爬行生物) like to do the same thing!
Winter is the time when bugs (虫子) invade your house without an invitation. The season can be tough for such creatures. In winter the air is cold, the ground is hard and many trees have no leaves. So bugs do what they have to do to survive.
Monarch butterflies head south to warmer climates. Ants crowd in deep underground colonies and eat food they have been storing all year. Many insects go into a deep sleep called diapauses. There' re different kinds of diapauses, but all are similar to hibernation, a time when bigger animals become inactive in the cold. Insects go into an inactive period, too, but it often isn' t when the temperature drops.
They rely on more dependable signals in the environment. For example, many insects can tell how much sunlight there' s each day. They use that to tell themselves when to shut down. Bugs are cold-blooded, meaning that their inside temperature is the same as the outside. They can' t move much when it gets below 40 degrees Fahrenheit. So they search for any warm place.
They' re looking for protection. These guys have been doing this for 300 million years, so they don' t really know they' re coming into your house. The home is a recent event in terms of their evolutionary behavior. They enter through tiny cracks or come in unnoticed on your clothes or shoes. Remember that they may be invading your homes for warmth and food, but they don't care about humans.
[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍的是：为什么虫子在冬天会入侵人类住所。

1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A. To point out that humans like to stay at home in winter.
B. To mean that humans and bugs have the same living habits.
C. To mean that bugs will invade humans' houses for their winter.
D. To put forward the idea that bugs are not welcome in winter.
[解析] 推理判断题。

根据文章第一段可知，虫子和人类一样，也会喜欢待在温暖的屋里，再结合文章的后面几段可知，本段暗示虫子在冬天会入侵人类住所。

[答案] C
2．According to the text, what is diapauses?
A. It is the same as the animals' hibernation.
B. It often appears in warm areas all the year.
C. It is done to keep bugs active in winter.
D. It is a deep sleep similar to hibernation.
[解析] 细节理解题。

根据文章第三段可知答案为D。

[答案] D
3．What often decides bugs' diapauses?
A. The lower local temperature.
B. The amount of sunlight.
C. Kinds of environmental signals.
D. The insects' inside temperature.
[解析] 细节理解题。

根据文章第四段的"They rely on more dependable signals in the environment"可知，虫子的"diapauses"是由多种环境可依赖性因素决定的，不一定全靠温度或者光照。

[答案] C
4．According to the text, bugs invade humans' homes to________.
A. attack humans
B. look for enough food
C. seek for protection
D. show their evolutionary results
[解析] 细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段可知，虫子进屋是为了寻求保护，把自己置身于安全形势之下，而不仅仅是为了寻求食物。

[答案] C
5．What would be the best title for the text?
A. Bugs' life on cold wintry days
B. Why do bugs invade your home in winter?
C. Good relations between humans and bugs
D. What does diapauses mean?
[解析] 标题概括题。

整篇文章主要告诉读者的是：在冬天里，为什么虫子会入侵人类的住所。

[答案] B
[长难句解读] (1)There're different kinds of diapauses，but all are similar to hibernation，a time when bigger animals become inactive in the cold.
此句是but连接的并列复合句，but后的部分中a time是hibernation的同位语，而且后面接了when引导的定语从句。

(2)Bugs are cold-blooded，meaning that their inside temperature is the same as the outside.
句中的meaning相当于which means；meaning后接that引导的宾语从句，在此宾语从句中含有the same as结构。

(第6篇)
July 21st,2007 was a typical English summer's day - it rained for 24 hours! As usual, I rushed home from work at midday to check on the house. Nothing was amiss. By the time I left work at 5 pm, however，the road into our village was flooded. Our house had never been flooded but, as I opened the front door, a wave of water greeted me. Thank God the kids weren't with me, because the house was 5 feet deep in water. We lost everything downstairs. And the plaster had to be torn off the walls, ceilings pulled down.
At first we tried to push on through. We didn't want to move the children out of home, so we camped upstairs. We put a sheet of plastic across the floor to protect us from the damp. But after three months, we felt very sick, so we moved to a wooden house in a park. The house was small, but at first we were all just delighted to be in a new place. Unfortunately, things took longer than expected and we were there for 10 months. The life there was inconvenient. What surprised me most was how much I missed being part of a community (社区). We had lived in a friendly village with good neighbours，and I'd never thought how much I'd miss that.
Although our situation was very bad, it's difficult to feel too sorry for yourself when you look at what's happening elsewhere. I watched a news report about floods in Northern India and thought，"We didn't have a straw hut(茅草房) that was swept away, and our house is still standing. We're lucky."
We moved back home in August. With December coming，there's still reconstruction work to be done, so it's difficult to prepare for Christmas. But I can't wait-I'm going to throw a party for our friends in the village to say thanks for their support. This year, I won't need any gifts - living away from home for months has made me realize how little we actually need or miss all our possessions. Although we are replacing things, there's really no rush-we have our home back, and that's the main thing.
[语篇解读] 洪水给生活带来了困难，但在灾害面前，也能获得更多对人生的认识。

5．What does the underlined word "amiss" in the first paragraph mean?
A. Wrong.
B. Missing.
C. Right.
D. Found.
[解析] 猜测词义题。

从第一段中"As usual，I rushed home from work..."可知作者还是像往常那样赶回家，因此没有什么不正常的，故选择A。

[答案] A
6．It can be inferred from the text that the author________.
A. was sick of staying upstairs
B. cared much about her children
C. could not stand living in a wooden house
D. did not deal well with her family affairs during the flood
[解析] 推理判断题。

从第一段第五句Thank God the kids weren't with me，...可以看出作者最关心(在意)孩子。

[答案] B
7．Why does the author say that they were lucky in the third paragraph?
A. Because her situation was not serious.
B. Because many other places were flooded.
C. Because she had been to Northern India.
D. Because some others suffered even more.
[解析] 事实细节题。

当作者看到印度北部遭受的洪水灾难比自己的更惨痛的报道时，深感自己应该庆幸。

[答案] D
8．What does the author mainly want to express by telling her story?
A. She valued human feelings more than before.
B. She realized she almost didn't need possessions.
C. She found Christmas gifts no longer badly needed.
D. She thought her own home was the most important.
[解析] 主旨大意题。

从最后一段对即将来临的圣诞节的准备"...there's really no rush-we have our home back，and that's the main thing."可知作者通过这次洪水认识到了她比以前更加珍惜人们之间的情感，故选择A。

(第7篇)
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[语篇解读] 本文是一则广告，介绍到中国旅游的一些日程安排。

1．The underlined word "sample" in the passage probably means "________"．
A. buy
B. reserve
C. taste
D. make
[解析] 词义猜测题。

该句说的是飞抵上海，在晚上应该是"品尝"传统的上海食物。

其他选项明显不符合句意。

[答案] C
2．The first and last scenic spots to be visited in Xi'an are________.
A. the Terracotta Warriors and the Great Mosque
B. the Terracotta Warriors and Shaanxi Provincial Museum
C. Little Wild Goose Pagoda and the Great Mosque
D. Little Wild Goose Pagoda and the Muslim Quarter
[解析] 细节理解题。

依据Days 910：Chengdu-Xi'an这个部分可知，在西安最先看的景点是兵马俑；再依据Days 1113：Xi'an-Beijing可知，离开西安前看的景点是the Great Mosque(清真寺)。

[答案] A
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the ad?
A. Tbe tourists will have to pay extra for fuel and meals.
B. The tourists will visit the 1920's Shikumen buildings in Beijing.
C. The tourists will take a side trip to the Three Gorges Dam during the tour.
D. The tourists will stay in Beijing for three nights before leaving for the UK.
[解析] 细节理解题。

依据Days 1113：Xi'an-Beijing这个部分的内容可知，游客要在北京呆三个晚上，所以选D。

[答案] D
4．The ad is mainly intended to________.
A. encourage the British to travel in China
B. attract the British to traditional Chinese food
C. offer services of booking air tickets to tourists
D. provide the British with a better understanding of China
[解析] 写作意图题。

这是一则广告，把旅游的日程安排以及中国的文化古迹、人文地理及美食介绍给英国游客，自然目的是A。

[答案] A
(第8篇)
Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you're doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you're holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation (感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions - those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.
Psychologists have known that one person' s perception (感知) of another' s "warmth" is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either "warm" or "cold" is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a "cold" person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies' conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness.Classic studics by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth "mother" rather than one made of wire, even when the wire "mother" carried a food bottle. Harlow's work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of "warmth" and "coldness" in social judgments appear to be
universal.Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as "warm"，or "cold" is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study's hypotheses (假设) , handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of"Person A"based on a particular。