新东方2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
1.非谓语动词的七大考点
使役动词（have,
make, let 等词）后不定 式要省略但同(被动以后要还原to ) I make John answer the question. John is made to answer the question. 介词to和不定式to不要混淆，以下短语中， to是介词，其后要接名词、代词或doing
to后接名词或动名词的词组
agree
to（同意，答应） come to（到达，涉 及到） object to（反对，不赞成）, get to （开始做某事） relate to（与……相关） take to（从事） accustom to（习惯于） devote to（致力于）owe to（归功于）, prefer to（更喜欢） get down to（开始认真 做某事）look forward to（盼望，期待） devote oneself to(献身于) equal to /similar to （相似）, superior to（优于，胜过）, sensitive to（敏感） indifferent to（不关 心）, key to（答案是）, answer to
只能接动名词的动词
admit; appreciate; avoid; consider; defer; delay; deny; detest; dislike; dispute; enjoy; i escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; mention; mind; miss; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; resist on; /persist in; risk; suggest; understand have trouble/difficulty in doing sth. can’t help doing/ give up doing/ be busy doing/ spend…in doing sth.
CET4《英语四级》真题及答案
2011年6月大学英语四(CET-4)级真题试卷Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:Online Shopping1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3.我的建议Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1 - 7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.British Cuisine: the Best of Old and NewBritish cuisine(烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs(厨师) combine the best of old and new.Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants, Alfie's by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say."The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England," the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chef such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realise that cooking - and eating - didn't have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston Blumenthal's molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish."It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food," Tomes says.There was plenty of room for improvement. The problems with the nation's cuisine can be traced back to the Second World War. Before the war, much of Britain's food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations(配给)."As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food," Tomes says. "And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens."They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary(烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. "With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurant are keeping up," says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. "Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes."Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restaurants are modifying the recipes(菜谱)of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while other are using better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditional and tastes.Tamlyn is in the second camp. "We select our food very particulary. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for our custards(牛奶蛋糊) we use Bird's Custard Powder," Tamlyn says. "Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, sugar and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that."Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes. "There are a lot of existing perceptions about British food and so we can't alter these too much. We're a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples(主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged."These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie's, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the most gentlemen's club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance(原产地). "Britain has started to become really proud of the food it's producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats."However, the British don't have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients."We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK," Tamlyn explains. "But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples."The Phoenix, in Mid-Levels, offers the widest interpretation of "British cuisine", while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is available in the local markets."We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn't perhaps associate as British, but are presented in a British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish."Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes across Britain.Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Brutishness of their cuisine.At Yorkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and "mixing it up" is not something commonly done in Britain, but Yorkshire Pudding will bring full dished to the table and offer individual plates for each dinner. "That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like," Hill says.2011年度6月CET四级真题本试卷来自互联网分享，只供学习参考，严禁用于任何商业用途This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries(烤肉馆), Tamlyn says. "Some tables will arrive on Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them."Some British traditions are too sacred(神圣的) to mess with, however, Tomes says. "I'd never change a full English breakfast."1. What is British food generally known for?A) Its unique flavor. B) Its bad taste.C) Its special cooking methods D) Its organic ingredients.2. The Second World War led to ____ in Britain.A) an inadequate supply of food B) a decrease of grain productionC) an increase in food import D) a change in people's eating habits3. Why couldn't Britain compete with some of its neighboring countries in terms of food in the post-war decades?A) Its food lacked variety. B) Its people cared more for quantity.C) It was short of well-trained chefs. D) It didn't have flavorful food ingredients.4. With culinary improvement in recent years, London's restaurants are now able to appeal to the tastes of ____.A) most young people B) elderly British dinersC) all kinds of overseas visitors D) upper-class customers5. What do Hong Kong diners welcome, according to Welsh executive chef David Tamlyn?A) Authentic classic cuisine. B) Locally produced ingredients.C) New ideas and presentations. D) The return of home-style dishes.6. While using quality ingredients, David Tamlyn insists that the dishes should ____.A) benefit people's health B) look beautiful and invitingC) be offered at reasonable prices D) maintain British traditional tastes7. Why does Neil Tomes say he loves food ingredients from Britain?A) They appeal to people from all over the world. B) They are produced on excellent organic forms.C) They are processed in a scientific way. D) They come in a great variety.8. Tamlyn says that besides importing ingredients from Britain once a week, his restaurant also buys vegetables from ____________________.9. The Phoenix in Mid-Levels may not use British ingredients, but presents its dishes ________________.10. Yorkshire Pudding is a restaurant which will bring full dishes to the table but offer plates to those diners who would like to ___________________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) He is careless about his appearance.B) He is ashamed of his present condition.C) He changes jobs frequently.D) He shaves every other day.12. A) Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.B) Jane should have started a little earlier.C) He knows what sort of person Jane is.D) He is irritated at having to wait for Jane.13. A) Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championships.B) Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic trip.C) Collecting information about baseball games.D) Analyzing their rivals' on-field performance.14. A) He had a narrow escape in a car accident.B) He is hospitalized for a serious injury.C) He lost his mother two weeks ago.D) He has been having a hard time.15. A) The woman has known the speaker for a long time.B) The man had difficulty understanding the lecture.C) The man is making a fuss about nothing.D) The woman thinks highly of the speaker.16. A) He has difficulty making sense of logic.B) Statistics and logic are both challenging subjects.C) The woman should seek help from the tutoring service.D) Tutoring services are very popular with students.17. A) Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill's.B) Jill missed her class last week.C) Jill wore the overcoat last week.D) She is in the same class as the man.18. A) A computer game.B) An imaginary situation.C) An exciting experience.D) A vacation by the sea.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Beautiful scenery in the countryside.B) Dangers of cross-country skiing.C) Pain and pleasure in sports.D) A sport he participates in.20. A) He can't find good examples to illustrate his point.B) He can't find a peaceful place to do the assignment.C) He doesn't know how to describe the beautiful country scenery.D) He can't decide whether to include the effort part of skiing.21. A) New ideas come up as you write.B) Much time is spent on collecting data.C) A lot of effort is made in vain.2011年度6月CET四级真题本试卷来自互联网分享，只供学习参考，严禁用于任何商业用途D) The writer's point of view often changes.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Journalist of a local newspaper.B) Director of evening radio programs.C) Producer of television commercials.D) Hostess of the weekly "Business World".23. A) He ran three restaurants with his wife's help.B) He and his wife did everything by themselves.C) He worked both as a cook and a waiter.D) He hired a cook and two local waitresses.24. A) He hardly needs to do any advertising nowadays.B) He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers.C) He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year.D) He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers.25. A) The restaurant location.B) The restaurant atmosphere.C) The food variety.D) The food price.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One26. A) Its protection is often neglected by children.B) It cannot be fully restored once damaged.C) There are many false notions about it.D) There are various ways to protect it.27. A) It may make the wearer feel tired.B) It will gradually weaken the eyes of adults.C) It can lead to the loss of vision in children.D) It can permanently change the eye structure.28. A) It can never be done with high technology.B) It is the best way to restore damaged eyesight.C) It is a major achievement in eye surgery.D) It can only be partly accomplished now.Passage Two29. A) They think they should follow the current trend.B) Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient.C) Adult day-care centers are easily accessible.D) They have jobs and other commitments.30. A) They don't want to use up all their life savings.B) They fear they will regret it afterwards.C) They would like to spend more time with them.D) They don't want to see their husbands poorly treated.31. A) Provide professional standard care.B) Be frank and seek help from others.C) Be affectionate and cooperative.D) Make use of community facilities.Passage Three32. A) Health and safety conditions in the workplace.B) Rights and responsibilities of company employees.C) Common complaints made by office workers.D) Conflicts between labor and management.33. A) Replace its out-dated equipment.B) Improve the welfare of affected workers.C) Follow the government regulations strictly.D) Provide extra health compensation.34. A) They requested to transfer to a safer department.B) They quit work to protect their unborn babies.C) They sought help from union representatives.D) They wanted to work shorter hours.35. A) To show how they love winter sports.B) To attract the attention from the media.C) To protect against the poor working conditions.D) To protect themselves against the cold weather.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Contrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. It also slows down more as you move faster, which means astronauts(宇航员) someday may (36)__________ so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the (37)__________ future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still. If you could move faster than light, your time would move (38)__________ .Although no form of matter yet (39)__________ moves as fast as or faster than light, (40)__________ experiments have already confirmed that accelerated (41)__________ causes a traveler's time to be stretched. Albert Einstein (42)__________ this in 1905, when he (43)__________ the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity. A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter (44)_________________________________________________________________________________________ .2011年度6月CET四级真题本试卷来自互联网分享，只供学习参考，严禁用于任何商业用途An obsession(沉迷)with time-saving, gaining, wasting, losing, and mastering it-(45)_____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ . Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein (46)_______________________________________________________________________________________________. Thus, time and time's relativity are measurable by any hourglass, alarm clock, or an atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second. Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.While elderly people 47 to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) 48 effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research.Sean Drummond, a psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said that older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping 49 straight through the night.More sleep in old age, however, is 50 with better health, and most older people would feel better and more 51 if they slept for longer periods, he said."The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to 52 well does not change," Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego."It's 53 a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were 54 . Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from 55 to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's 56 from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the sameDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneSeveral recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性) of conflict.Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.In a New York Times article, Sam Roakye-the only black student on his freshman year floor-said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove."Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different race are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said.At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing."One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration.""I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural confrontations."The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studies and explained.57. What can we learn from some recent studies?A) Conflicts between studies of different races are unavoidable.B) Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.C) Interracial lodging does more harm than good.D) Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.58. What does Sam Boakye's remark mean?A) White students tend to look down upon their black peers.B) Black students can compete with their white peers academically.C) Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.D) Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.59. What does the Indians Univerisity study show?A) Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.2011年度6月CET四级真题本试卷来自互联网分享，只供学习参考，严禁用于任何商业用途B) Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.C) Roommates of different races just don't get along.D) Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy.60. What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?A) Students of different races are required to share room.B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?A) It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.B) Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.C) Students' racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned.D) Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.Passage TwoGlobal warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (营养不良) and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum's report was " a methodological embarrassment" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that "climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention." But the report, he said, "will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的)"However, Soren Anderasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards, while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?A) Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.B) Rates of death from illness have risen due to global warming.C) Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.D) Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.63. What do we learn about the Forum's report from the passage?A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.B) It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.C) It was warmly received by environmentalists.D) It caused a big stir in developing countries.64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum's report?A) Its statistics look embarrassing.B) It is invalid in terms of methodology.C) It deserves our closest attention.D) Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated.65. What is Soren Andreasen's view of the report?A) Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.B) It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined.C) It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.D) Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?A) How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.B) How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced.C) How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.D) How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.Part ⅤCloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centreWhen it comes to eating amart for your heart, stop thinking about short-term fixes and simplify your life with a straightforward approach that will serve you well for years to come.Smart eating goes beyond analyzing every bite of food you lift 67 your mouth. "In the past we used to believe that 68 amounts of individual nutrients (营养物) were the 69 to good health," says Linda Van Horn, chair of the American Heart Association's Nutrition Committee. "But now we have a 70 understanding of healthy eating and the kinds of food necessary to 71 not only heart disease but disease 72 general," she adds.Scientists now 73 on the broader picture of the balance of food eaten 74 several days or a week 75 than on the number of milligrams (毫克) of this or that 76 at each meal. Fruits, vegetables and whole grains, for example, provide nutrients and plant-based compounds 77 for good health. "The more we learn, the more 78 we are by the wealth of essential substances they 79 ," Van Horn continues, "and how they 80 with each other to keep us healthy."。
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
41.pretext 借口 protect 保护 protest 抗议 42.produce 生产 reduce 减少 deduce 推论 induce 劝诱
43.preserve 保护 reserve 储存 conserve 保存 44.review 复习 revise 修改 preview 事先查看
25. inspect 检查 expect 期待 respect 尊敬 suspect 怀疑26. include 包含 conclude 结束
27. infect 传染 effect 结果 affect 影响28.inuire 询问 reuire 需要 acuire 获得
29.interfere 干涉 interrupt 打扰 interpret 解释 interview 接见rm 通知 reform 改革 perform 履行
78. draft草稿 drought 久旱 79.eligible 合格的 illegible难读的80.eminent闻名的imminent迫近的
81.exalt提升 exult欢腾 82.ingenious设计精巧的 ingenuous天真的 83.jealous嫉妒的 zealous热心的 84 .material材料 materiel军备 85.moral 品行端正的 morale士气 86.ordinance法令
50.status 身份 statue 雕像51.staff 全体职员stiff 僵硬的stuff 原料52.sensible 有感觉的sensitive 敏感的
53.succeed 成功proceed 进行exceed 超越
54.transmit 传输 transfer 转移 transform 转换 translate 翻译 transport 运输 transplant 移植
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
1. 双眼去动眼神经的兔，左眼滴毛果芸香碱，右眼滴毒扁豆碱，你认为哪只眼的瞳孔会缩小？请说明理由。
（基本机制：毒扁豆碱：吸收作用：机制与新斯的明相似；与新斯的明不同处：P.O、注射易吸收（叔铵），易透过BBB(中枢作用)，易透过角膜；局部用于眼：用途与毛果芸香碱相同与毛果芸香碱不同处：机制不同，作用快、强、久，刺激性强）下面具体回答给问题：左眼会缩小，右眼不会。
毛果芸香碱是胆碱受体激动药，直接作用拟胆碱药，激动胆碱受体，毒扁豆碱是抗胆碱酯酶药: 间接作用拟胆碱药，抑制胆碱酯酶活性。
当动眼神经切除后，不再释放乙酰胆碱，毒扁豆碱的间接作用无效；而毛果芸香碱仍可直接激动眼球，使之缩瞳。
2. 阿托品解救有机磷酸酯类中毒的机制是什么？最先解除哪些症状？阿托品是M胆碱受体阻断药，迅速对抗M样作用，维持轻度阿托品化：颜面潮红、瞳孔稍大、心率稍快，消除全部M样症状。
3.为什么肾上腺素是抢救过敏性休克的首选药？因为肾上腺素：①收缩血管，血压上升。
②兴奋心脏，扩张冠脉，改善心功能。
③扩张支气管，收缩支气管黏膜血管，增加通气量④减少组胺等过敏介质释放4.多巴胺的药理作用有哪些？主要临床用途有哪些？药理作用：可激动外周多巴胺受体（D1受体）、β1、α受体1. 心脏：心力↑,加快心率不明显，不易心律失常。
(β1)2. 血管：小剂量：肾血管、肠系膜及冠状血管扩张（D1）大剂量：皮肤粘膜血管收缩（α1）注意：剂量较大通过激动α受体引起血管收缩作用超过血管舒张作用。
3. 血压：小剂量：收缩压上升；舒张压变化不大；大剂量：血压↑4. 肾脏：低浓度：激动肾血管D1受体，使血管扩张；排钠利尿。
高浓度：兴奋α受体，收缩肾血管。
临床用途：（1）抗休克：心源性休克、感染中毒性休克、出血性休克；以尿少、心收缩力↓，补足血容量者最好（2）急性肾功能衰竭：与利尿剂合用疗效较好5.硝酸甘油治疗心绞痛的作用是通过释放什么物质实现的?硝酸甘油释放内源性血管内皮舒张因子：NO供体药物，可抑制收缩蛋白，使血管舒张。
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
100个句子1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.1.美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。
2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the t wenty-first century.2. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial ex pressions.3.人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。
5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consum ers consider useful or desirable.5.任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。
6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disp osal of refuse.6.一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。
2011年6月英语四级（CET4）真题
2011年6月英语四级（CET4）真题College English Achievement Testfor College English (New Edition)《大学英语》（全新版）四级学业测试Band 4(2006. 05)Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press上海外语教育出版社Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition. Your composition may consist of two or three paragraphs and include the following main ideas given in Chinese.06年6月的大学英语四级测试中将会增加快速阅读，有些人认为这样做，对于测试考生的真实水平并无太大意义，也有些人认为此举将极大改变学生的学习方法及提高学生的综合能力，请就此改革发表你自己的看法。
Is It Necessary to T est Fast Reading in Band-4 Examination?________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.In many ways, today?s business environment has changed qualitatively since the late 1980s. The end of the Cold War radically altered the very nature of the world?s politics and economics. In just a few short years, globalization has started a variety of trends with profound consequences: the opening of markets, true global competition, widespread deregulation(解除政府对……的控制) of industry, and an abundance of accessible capital. We have experienced both the benefits and risks of a truly global economy, with both Wall Street and Main Street (平民百姓)feeling the pains of economic disorder half a world away.At the same time, we have fully entered the Information Age.Starting breakthroughs in information technology have irreversibly altered the ability to conduct business unconstrained by the traditional limitations of time or space. Today, it?s almost impossible to imagine a world without intranets, e-mail, and portable computers. With stunning speed, the Internet is profoundly changing the way we work, shop, do business, and communicate.As a consequence, we have truly entered the Post-Industrial economy. We are rapidly shifting from an economy based on manufacturing and commodities to one that places the greatest value on information, services, support, and distribution. That shift, in turn, places an unprecedented premium on “knowledge workers,” a new class of wealthy, educated, and mobile people who view themselves as free agents in a seller?s market.Beyond the realm of information technology, the accelerated pace of technological change in virtually every industry has created entirely new business, wiped out others, and produced a Pervasive(广泛的)demand for continuous innovation. New product, process, and distribution technologies provide powerful levers for creating competitive value. More companies are learning the importance of destructive technologies—innovations that hold the potential to make a product line, or even an entire business segment, virtually outdated.Another major trend has been the fragmentation of consumer and business markets. There?s a growing appreciation that superficially similar groups of customers may have very different preferences in terms of what they want to buy and how they want to buy it. Now, new technology makes it easier, faster, and cheaper to identify and serve targeted micro-markets in ways that were physically impossible or prohibitively expensivein the past. Moreover, the trend feeds on itself, a business?s ability to serv e sub-markets fuels customers? appetites for more and more specialized offerings.1. In the past decades, the changes in the business environment can be attributed to globalization.2. The pains of economic disorder can be felt only by financial experts.3. Today, people attach more importance to “knowledge workers” than in the past.4. Destructive technologies can get rid of a total business segment.5. The fragmentation of consumer and business markets cannot serve consumers? needs well.6. As a result of the fragmentation of markets, the consumers will become more and moredemanding.7. There are more risks than benefits about global economy.1.〔Y〕〔N〕〔NG〕2.〔Y〕〔N〕〔NG〕3. 〔Y〕〔N〕〔NG〕4.〔Y〕〔N〕〔NG〕5.〔Y〕〔N〕〔NG〕6. 〔Y〕〔N〕〔NG〕7.〔Y〕〔N〕〔NG〕8. Information technology has removed the restrictions .9. Destructive technologies are technologies which can .10. New product,process and distribution technologies provide powerful levers forcreating .Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will bea pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), anddecide which is the best answer.11. A) They will be replaced by on-line education sooner or later.B) They will attract fewer kids as on-line education expands.C) They will continue to exist along with on-line education.D) They will limit their teaching to certain subjects only.12. A) Move the washing machine to the basement.B) Turn the basement into a workshop.C) Repair the washing machine.D) Finish his assignment.13. A) It?s quiet in the restaurant.B) The price is high in the restaurant.C) The restaurant serves good food.D) The restaurant is too far from their school.14. A) See a doctor. B) Stay in bed for a few days.C) Get treatment in a better hospital. D) Make a phone call to the doctor.15. A) Alice didn?t seem to be nervous during her speech.B) Alice needs more training in making public speeches.C) The man can hardly understand Alice?s presentation.D) The man didn?t think highly of Alice?s presentation.16. A) The man is late for the trip because he is busy.B) The woman is glad to meet Mr. Brown in person.C) The man is meeting the woman on behalf of Mr. Brown.D) The woman feels sorry that Mr. Brown is unable to come.17. A) Quit delivering flowers.B) Work at a restaurant.C) Bring her flowers every day.D) Leave his job to work for her.18. A) She has learned a lot from the novel.B) She also found the plot difficult to follow.C) She usually has difficulty remembering names.D) She can recall the names of most characters in the novel.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Two different games. B) A meeting.C) Two different communication styles. D) Bowling.20. A) Great Britain. B) China.C) The United States. D) Japan.21. A) During the meeting, some foreign teachers threw balls at the professor.B) The professor left halfway during the meeting.C) The Japanese were rude to foreigners.D) Both the man and the woman were good bowling players.22. A) A match. B) Tennis. C) V olleyball. D) Bowling.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Stingy. B) Heartless. C) Considerate. D) Careless.24. A) Do the laundry by herself.B) Take care of the old washwoman.C) Do nothing at all.D) Take the old lady to the hospital.25. A) The mother cares more about a bundle of clothes thana human being.B) Something terrible has happened to the old lady.C) The son apparently misunderstands his mother.D) The mother is selfish.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).26. A) It takes skill. B) It pays well.C) It?s a full-time job. D) It?s admired worldwide.27. A) A mother with a baby in her arms.B) A woman whose bag is hanging in front.C) A lone female with a handbag at her right side.D) An old lady carrying a handbag on the left.28. A) The back pocket of his tight trousers.B) The top pocket of jacket.C) A side pocket of his jacket.D) A side pocket of his trousers.29. A) Theater lobbies with uniformed security guards.B) Clothing stores where people are relaxed and off guard.C) Airports where people carry a lot of luggage.D) Hotels and restaurants in southeast London.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) He ran a village shop. B) He worked on a farm.C) He worked in an advertising agency. D) He was a gardener.31. A) It was stressful. B) It was colorful.C) It was peaceful. D) It was boring.32. A) His desire to start his own business. B) The crisis in his family life.C) The decline in his health. D) His dream of living in the countryside.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) Because there are no signs to direct them.B) Because no tour guides are available.C) Because all the buildings in the city look alike.D) Because the university is everywhere in the city.34. A) They set their own exams. B) They select their own students.C) They award their own degrees. D) They organize their own laboratory work.35. A) Most of them have a long history.B) Many of them are specialized libraries.C) They have more books than any other university library.D) They each have a copy of book published in Britain.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from S1 to S7 with the exactwords you have just heard. For blanks numbered from S8 to S10 you are required to fill inthe missing information. You can either use the exact words you have just heard or writedown the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the thirdtime, you should check what you have written.There are a lot of good cameras available at the moment—most of these are made in Japan but there are also good quality (36)________from Germany and the USA. We have (37) a range of different models to see which the best (38) is for money. After a number of different tests and interviews with people who are (39) with the different cameras being assessed, our researchers (40) the Olympic BY model as the best auto-focus camera available at the moment. It costs $200 although you may well want to spend more—(41) as much as another $200—on buying (42) lenses and other equipment. It is a good Japanese camera, easy to use.(43) , whereas the American versions are considerably more expensive. The Olympic BY model weighs only 320 grams which is quite a bit.(44)____________________________. Indeed one of the other models we looked at weighed almost twice as much. (45) . All the people we interviewed expressed almost total satisfaction with it.(46) .Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passageSports are one of the world?s largest industries, and most athletes are professionals who are paid for their efforts. Because an athlete succeeds by achievement only—not by (47) background or family connections, sports can be a fast (48) to wealth, and many athletes play more for money than for love. This has not always been true. In the ancient Olympics the winner got only a wreath olive leaves(橄榄叶花环).Even though the winners became national heroes, the games remained (49) for centuries. Athletes won fame but no money. As time passed however, the (50) become increasingly less amateur and cities began to hire athletes to (51) them. By the fourth century A.D., the Olympics were ruined, and they were soon ended.In 1896,the Olympic games were revived (使再度兴起) with the same goal of pure amateur (52) . The rules bar athletes who have ever received a $50 prize or an athletic scholar or who have spent four weeks in a training camp. At least one competitor in the 1896 games meets these (53) . He was Spiridon Loues, a water carrier who won the marathon race. After race, a rich Athenian offered him anything he wanted. A true amateur, Loues accepted only a cart and a horse. Then he gave up running forever. But Loues was an exception and now, as the Chairman of the German Olympic Committee said,“Nobody pays any attention to these rules.”Man y countries pay their athletes to train (54) , and Olympic athletes are eager to sell their names to companies that make everything from ski equipment to fast food.Even the games themselves have become a huge business. Countries fight to hold the Olympics not only for honor, but formoney. The 1972 games in Munich cost the Germans 545 million dollars, but by selling medal, (55) , TV rights, food, drink, hotel rooms, and souvenirs (纪念品), they managed to make a profit. Appropriately the symbol of victory in the Olympic Games is no longer a simple olive (56) —it is a gold medal.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Ask most people how they define the American Dream and chances are they?ll say, “Success.” The dream of individual opportunity has been home in American since Europeans discovered a “new world” in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigr ants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a classless society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers: in Letters from an American Farmer (1782) he wrote. “We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered (无拘无束的) and unrestrain ed, because each person works for himself … We have no princes, for whom we toil (干苦力活)，starve, and bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the world.” The promise of a land where “the rewards of a man?s industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor” drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into thewestern territories.Our national mythology (神化)is full of illustration the American success story. There?s Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from modest origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American?s best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales. The notion of success haunts us: we spend million every year reading about the rich and famous, le arning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down,” and “dressing for success.” The myth of success has even invaded our personal relationships: today it?s as important to be “successful” in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business.But dreams easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to “make it” also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success inevitably implies comparison between the haves and thehave-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd.U nder pressure of the myth, we become indulged in status symbols: we try to live in the “right” neighborhoods, wear the “right” clothes, eat the “right” foods. Th ese symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe strongly in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.57. What is the essence of the American Dream according to Crevecoeur?A) People who are honest and working hard can succeed.B) People are free from exploitation and oppression.C) People can fully enjoy individual freedom.D) People are free to develop their power of imagination.58. By saying “the rewards of a man?s indus try follow with equal steps the progress ofhis labor” (Para. 1), the author means ______________.A) a company?s success depends on its employees? hard workB) a man?s business should be developed step by stepC) laborious work ensures the growth of an industryD) the more diligent one is, the bigger his returns59. The characters described in Horatio Alger?s novels are people who _______________.A) became famous despite their modest originsB) became wealthy after starting life very poorC) succeed in real estate investmentD) earned enormous fortunes by chances60. It can be inferred from the last sentence of the second paragraph that _________________.A) Americans wish to succeed in every aspect of lifeB) good personal relationships lead to business successC) business success often contributes to a successful marriageD) successful business people provide good care for their children61. What is the paradox of American culture according to the author?A) Status symbols are not a real indicator of a person?s wealth.B) The American Dream is nothing but an empty dream.C) The American road to success is full of nightmares.D) What Americans strive after often contradicts their beliefs.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isn?t the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europe?s new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over the last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc(扰乱)on Europeans? private lives.Europe?s new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe?s shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today?s tech-savvy (精通技术的) workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage—twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women,make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alonewas conceived to be negative—dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone.The boom ing economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesn?t leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasn?t got time to get lonely because he has too much w ork. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult.” Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charm ing,” thinks this fierce new individualism me ans that people expect more and more of mates, so relationships don?t last long—if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says she?d never have wanted to do what her mother did—give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “I?ve always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.”62. More and more young Europeans remain single because ___________________.A) they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualismB) they have entered the workforce at a much earlier ageC) they have embraced a business culture of stabilityD) they are pessimistic about their economic future63. What is said about European society in the passage?A) It has fostered the trend towards small families.B) It is getting closer to American-style capitalism.C) It has limited consumer choice despite a free market.D) It is being threatened by irresistible privatization.64. According to Paragraph 3, the newest groups of singles are ___________________.A) warm and lighthearted B) on either side of marriageC) negative and gloomy D) healthy and wealthy65. The author quotes Eppendorf to show that __________________.A) some modern women prefer a life of individual freedomB) the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day EuropeC) some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonelyD) most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable66. What is the author?s purpose in writing the passage?A) To review the impact of women becoming high earners.B) To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.C) To examine the trend of young people living alone.D) To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Part VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions:Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets. 87. For my own part, I should certainly hesitate to hire a clerk on his face / appearancealone_________________________________________________ (外表往往是靠不住的).88. Many women today feel the same stress to produce and get ahead and, at the same time,_________________________________________ (又要养育子女，承担起) a variety of domestic responsibilities.89. Initial reports coming out of the region indicate the earthquake has caused_____________________________________________________ (广泛的破坏和重大的人员伤亡).90. _____________________________________________(虽然我们没有见到任何壮观的景物), weenjoyed every minute in the town that lies out of the range of the heavy traffic and noise of the large city.91. The stress we feel arises not from a shortage of time, ______________________________________________________________________ (而是我们试图往时间里塞入过量的事情) .Key to Achievement TestPart I WritingIs It Necessary to T est Fast Reading in Band-4 Examination?In 2006, a fast reading test will be included in the CET-4 test. Many people welcome this as they think the candidates will greatly benefit form the reform. First, the test will make many students get rid of their bad reading habits and cultivate good ones. Second, many studies show that the ability to read fast proves necessary and important in our future work, esp. when we communicate with westerners. Third, fast reading will encourage the students to enlarge their vocabulary, esp. vocabularyessential to work and life.At the same time, many people are opposed to the reform. Their reasons are as follows: First, they fear that they won?t adapt to the new test and will get low scores. Second, they do not see the importance of reading fast and therefore believe that it is no use adding this section.I believe the reform is a good thing and certainly has lots of advantages. I will do a lot ofexercises to improve my reading speed and enlarge my vocabulary so that in my future work, I will communicate smoothly with foreign clients.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. Y2. N3.Y4. Y5. N6.Y7. NG8. of time and space in business transactions.9. eliminate a whole business segment.10. competitive value.Part III Listening ComprehensionSection A11. C 12. D 13. A 14. A 15. A16. C 17. D 18.B 19. C 20. D21. B 22. D 23. C 24. B 25.CSection B26. A 27. C 28.A 29.B 30. C31. A 32.B 33. D 34.B 35. D36. passion 37. investigated 38. value 39. familiar40. recommend 41. perhaps 42. additional43. Equivalent German models tend to be heavier and slightly less easy to use.44. less than other cameras of a similar type.45. Similarly, it is smaller than most of its competitors, thus fitting easily into a pocket or ahandbag.46. The only problem was the slight awkwardness in loading the film.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section A47. I 48. M 49. H 50.G 51. F52. K 53. L 54. D 55. A 56. CSection B57. C 58.D 59.B 60. A 61. D62. A 63. B 64. D 65. A 66. DPart V Cloze67. D 68. C 69.A 70. B 71. D72. A 73. A 74. D 75. C 76. D77. B 78. C 79. A 80. D 81. A82. C 83. B 84. A 85. B 86. CPart VI Translation87. Appearances are all too often deceptive.88. to nurture their offspring and shoulder89. widespread devastation /damage and heavy casualties90. Though we did not see anything spectacular91. but from the surfeit of things we trying to cram into itTapescript of Listening ComprehensionDirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question willbe spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, youmust read the four choices marked A), B), C), and D) and decide which the best answer is.11. M: What do you think of the prospects for online education? Is it going to replace the traditionalschool?W: I doubt it. Schools are here to stay, because there are much more than just book learning. Even though more and more kids are going online. I believe fewer of them will quit school altogether.Q: What does the woman think of the conventional schools?12. M: Allen is in the basement trying to repair the washing machine.W: Shouldn?t he be working on his term paper?Q: What does the woman think Allen should do?13. M: The food in this restaurant is horrible. If only we?d gone to the school dining hall.W: But the food is n?t everything. Isn?t it nice just to get away from all the noise?Q: What can we learn from the conversation?14. W: Carol told us on the phone not to worry about her. Her left leg doesn?t hurt as much as it didyesterday.M: She?d better have it exami ned by a doctor anyway. And I。
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. You never see him, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you are going,how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book.They're known as the black box. When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潜水艇) detected the device's homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed. In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane – the area least subject to impact – from its original position in the landing wells (起落架舱). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility. Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots' conversations,and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft's final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔绝的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000℉. When submerged, they're also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they're still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane's black boxes were never recovered. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 57. What does the author say about the black box? A) It ensures the normal functioning of an airplane. B) The idea for its design comes from a comic book. C) Its ability to ward off disasters is incredible. D) It is an indispensable device on an airplane. 58. What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner? A) Data for analyzing the cause of the crash. B) The total number of passengers on board. C) The scene of the crash and extent of the damage. D) Homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash. 59. Why was the black box redesigned in 1965? A) New materials became available by that time. B) Too much space was needed for its installation. C) The early models often got damaged in the crash. D) The early models didn't provide the needed data. 60. Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow? A) To distinguish them from the colour of the plane. B) To caution people to handle them with care. C) To make them easily identifiable. D) To conform to international standards. 61. What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447? A) There is still a good chance of their being recovered. B) There is an urgent need for them to be reconstructed. C) They have stopped sending homing signals. D) They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil.
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
Test 11. With the _______of Mary, all the girl students are eager to go to the party.A.exhibitionB.exceptionC.exceptD.reception2. Although the trffic is not busy, he likes to drive at a _______ speed.A.spareB.fastC.moderateD.moral3. All the memories of his childhood had _____ from his mind by the time he was 65.A.fadedB.illustratedfinedD.concerned4. This river is so big that it is impossible to build a _______ under it without modern technology.A.canalB.tunnelC.channelD.cable5. The _______ is nearly dead , so I can not start the car again.A. beanB.beamC.bakeD.battery6. When making modern cameras , people began to _______ plastics for metal.A. surroundB.substanceC.stretchD.substitute7. With the help of the government , a large number of people ---_______ after the flood in 1991.A. survivedB.suspendedC.sufferedD.subfected8. He always has a lot of _______ ideas in his mind , and sometimes we do not even know what he is thinding about.A. novelB.spoilC.acceptableD.additional9. Please be serious. I am not _______. You should consider it carefullyA. sortingB.jokingC.countingparing10. We do not have a _______ school in our institute. The highest degree we provide for the students is a B. A. and a B. S. .A. continueB.bayC.assistanceD.graduate11. In the United States, the foreign policy is decided by the ________ government, not by each state.A. federalB.figureC.scientificD.service12. He works in our university as a visiting _______, not as a formal faculty member.A. traditionalB.scholarC.nurseD.pilot13. When you fill in the application form, please use your _______ address so that we can contact you easily later.A. policyB.plainC.permanentD.principal14. John _______ to be a polite man. But in fact he is very rude.A. pretendsB.assuresC.affordsD.melts15. We can not trust him any more because he often ________ his duty.A. owesB.spoilsC.desertsD.neglects16. In order to increase our output, we need to import more production _______.A. facilitiesB.hensC.votesD.artists17. When a spacecraft travels, one of the major problems is reentry into the Earth’s _______.A. surfaceB.atmosphereC.attitudeD.bent18. This river forms a natural _______ between China and Korea.A. boundaryB.stringC.spotD.zone19. She is already 16 years old. But she _______as if she were still a little girl.A. believesB.absorbsC.accrsesD.behaves20. We are _______ at the rapid progress Mark has made in this semester.A. distinguishedB.annoyedC.astonishedD.scored21. The doctors _______ the medicines to the people in the flood area.A. distributedB.packedC.prayedD.undertook22. Much of the news provided by this newspaper is _______, not foreign.A. domesticB.strainC.purchaseD.murder23. He tried to _______relations with his former wife but he failed.A. measureB.maintainC.shelterD.reply24. He _______ to study harder in the future so that he could have more opportunities to find a better job.A. resolvedB.resortedC.requestedD.reserved25. The _______ work continued for more than a week but there was still no sign of the missing boy.A. researchB.rescueC.vesselD.vast26. Many kinds of animals are believed to have _________ from the earthA. withdrawnB.vanishedC.foundD.hung27. The engineers in this lab spent several weeks ____ their plans for the new bicycle.A. countingB.strippingC.elaboratingD.casting28. Pine trees are usually believed to _______ cold weather.A. guardB.accomplishC.roarD.endure29. Free medical service is _______ to nearly all the college students in China.A. favoriteB.availableC.convenientD.average30. After working for twenty hours without any rest, the doctors were _______.A. exhaustedB.mountedC.wrappedD.restored31. The college students in China are _______ from smoking on campus because this will do them no good.A. discouragedB.observedC.obeyedD.obtained32. Professor Smith is also the _______ of the international program office. If you have anyproblem when you study here, you may go to him for help.A. detectiveB.presidentC.managerD.director33. We won’t allow any foreign country to _______ in our internal affairs.A.devoteB.districtC.interfereD.wander34. We can not _______ all the magazines together.A. routeB.drawC.threadD.bind35. What he said in the meeting _______ everybody present.A. disgustedB.dismissedC.disposedD.eliminated36. Some lazy men would rather _______ than work.A. indicateB.declareC.solveD.starve37. This boy was _______ for what he had done in the class.A. scoldedB.overcomeC.inclinedD.displayed38. Some states in the United States _______ people to carry guns.A. applyB.charmC.ignoreD.forbid39. Carelessness made him fall in his job _______.A.interviewB.intentionC.stomachD.stocking40. Sometimes it is very difficult to _______ some of the English words. Even the native speaker can not help.A. decreaseB.createC.defineD.delight41. Students with _______ problems may apply for student loans.A. economicB.financialC.maleD.economical42. Both sugar and salt can ______in water.A. desertB.absorbC.dissolveD.involve43. I have not heard anything from him since his _______.A. departureB.faultC.foundationD.acciptance44. Without a proper education, people could _______ all kinds of crimes.A. conductB.stoopmitD.sweat45. Several loudspeakers are _______ from the ceiling and we can hear the speaker very clearly.A. connectedB.sustainedC.associatedD.suspended46. This morning in the class, our teacher lost his _______ at last because he could not stand any more.A. temperB.terrorC.verseD.contain47. It is not ---_______ for me to return all the books to the library now because I still need some of them for my research.A. continuousB.difficultC.convenientD.sufficient48. When traveling alone in the mountains, you’d bett er take a _______ with you in case you get lost.A. compasspressplseD.campus49. As a teacher, you should not _______ the students from asking questions in class.A. ruinB.restrainC.importD.impose50. If you have any problems during your study here, please do not _______ to call me for help.A. hesitateB.despairC.urgeD.requestTest 21. This kind of medicine has the power to _______poison.A.splashB.resistC.adoptD.occupy2. He is easily _______ so I do not like to talk with him.A.defendedB.affordedC.createdD.offended3.I am _______ to believe that he won’t come back to see his wife again.A.inclinedB.puzzledC.accompaniedD.performed4.Before you mail this letter, you should check again whether you have ____ it or not.A.sunkB.sighedC.soughtD.sealed5.After talking for nearly ten hours, he _______ to the government’s pressure at last.A.expressedB.yieldedC.decreasedD.approved6.My hands and feet were ________ with cold as I waited for the bus.A. cliffB.stillC.stiffD.stick7.This problem is beyond his ability and he can not ________ it.A.slipB.packC.gainD.solve8.When you buy the spare parts for your car, try to get the _______ ones from the authorized dealer.A.genuineB.generousC.geniusD.gentle9. If you use _______, you can get a higher quality picture.A.waxB.shameC.gooseD.slides10. Who _______ this country, the people or the president? This question is not easy to answer.A.frightensB.differsC.displayserns11. This year our university does not have any _______ to continue the international student exchange program.A.functionB.fundamentalC.funeralD.funds12. Who is the patient being _______ on?A.paintedB.operatedC.tiedD.fetched13. Mary is _______ of music but I am not.A.pauseB.adventureC.grammaticalD.fond14. This man has been proved _______ of murder.A.guiltyB.spoilC.flashD.curious15. The international situation is very _______ in the Middle East.A.deliciousB.perfectC.delicateD.percent16. Even though he knew that I should study, he still ______ me to go to the movies.A.recognizedB.extendedC.persuadedD.unexpected17. We _______ that it will take another four months to finish this plan.A.grantB.estimateC.councilD.check18. He read the paper several times but be still _______ some printer’s errors.A.overlookedB.ignoredC.noticedD.outlined19. She often talks with a _______ appearance but in fact she is always telling lies.A.tidyB.sincereC.worshipD.merry20. If the students can not support themselves during their study in university, they may ask for a student _______ from the government.A.menuB.spoonC.loanD.bond21. English has become a communication ______ for people from different countries.A.meritB.streamC.enjoymentD.medium22. During the eight years war, many people _______ their blood for their country.A.shedB.temptedC.reservedD.devoted23. You have greatly _______us. What you have done is not what you told us about several weeksago.A.disappointedB.desertedC.clarifiedD.opposed24. Before you begin writing your paper, please write ------__________ first. Then we can have a better idea about what you are going to talk about.A.an originB.a detailC.an exampleD.an outline25. If you ask why I plan to study in the United States, the only answer is that it is a _______ for me .A.chapterB.ceremonyC.chamber D challenge26. A _______ political and economic situation is very important for the development of any country.A.stainB.stableC.peacefulD.pink27. The financial support is decided not only according to your GRE score, but also according to your _______ in college.A.performanceB.policyC.smartD.statement28. The World Trade Center is often called a _______ Building, because it is made up of two identical buildings.A. AlikeB.FolkC.TwinD.Former29. It is impossible for us to _______ such a difficult task within the limited time.A.fuelB.frownC.fulfillD.frost30. Please do not _______ when somebody else is talking.A. intendB.interpretC.interuptD.invest31. As a commander, you should not _______ the soldiers to unnecessary danger.A.expressB.explodeC.ecploitD.expose32. This newspaper often _______ the government’s opinion, not the public opinionA.affectsB.reactsC.reflectsD.recognizes33. Although in great danger, the wounded still did not want to ______ from the front.A.feedbackB.backwardC.withdrawD.departure34. This movie has a _______ ending. You can not imagine who will be killed finally.A.dramaticB.originalC.considerableD.temple35. During the graduation _______, the president gave a wonderful opening speech.A.evolutionB.signC.individualD.ceremony36. The dog _______ the rabbit but could not catch it.A.ceasedB.chainedC.checkedD.chased37. If your letter is over weight, you must pay for the _______.A.excessB.exceedC.checkedD.chased38.In the class the teacher asked the students to _______ their bad habits.A.weakenB.omitC.overcomeD.overtake39. When you study in the United States, usually you have to buy your own health _______.A.insuranceB.expenseC.evidenceD.payment40. Chocolate and ice-cream have different _______.A.favourB.favouritesC.feverD.flavours41. This is an _______ that will not be easily forgotten.A.impactB.academicC.insultD.alternative42. Please _______ me for my rudeness. I really do not know the custom here.A. engagefortC.executeD.forgive43.Water and air are _______ to human beings. We can not live without them.A.harbourB.functionC.definiteD.essential44. When the airplane takes off, the passengers are told to _______ their seat belts.A.fountainB.fixC.tightD.fasten45.This is not what we asked you to do. You can not get more pay for the _____work.A.owingB.deviceC.tiredD.extra46. My throat is _______. I cannot speak any more.A.soreB.purchaseC.glowD.faint47. Many years ago, a lot of factories were _______ from big cities to the mountainous areas in case of war.A.transferredB.transformedC.transmittedD.transported48. He said in his letter that he would _______ some photographs but I couldn’t find anything in the envelope.A.caseB.doubleC.encloseD.nonsense49. Many English words are _______ from Latin.A.displayedB.spreadC.lostD.derived50. I feel _______ to say that I can not believe what he said.A.wantedB.observedC.obligedD.wanderedTest 31. This watch is _______ by hand, not by machine, so it is very expensive.A.flatB.coinedC.boredD.manufactured2. These two horses look so much alike that we can not _______ one from the other.A.differB.detailC.distinguishD.defeat3. The president of that company was very calm during the political _______.A.failureB.fashionC.proceedD.crisis4. _______ is usually the chief enemy of the camera lens.A.OccasionB.vainC.MoistureD.Deck5.The _______ left the ship after sixty hours of hard struggle.A.dashB.cellC.crewD.gay6.On our way to Beijing, we visited Xi’an, a city of two million _______, and stayed there for two days.A. insectsB.humanC.inhabitantsD.flights7.One of the main reasons for air pollution is that many cars _______ smoke into the atmosphere.A.gatherB.hireC.dischargeD.escape8. Don’t forget to _______ to let us know you arrived safely.A.cableB.cageC.borderD.bay9. She gave him a _______ that she could not come to his party.A.mistressB.shootC.neckD.hint10. When the temperature is below zero, water will _______.A.freezeB.virtueC.sinkD.seek11. 1,3,5,7 and 9 are _______ numbers and 2,4,6 and 8 are not.A.oddB.evenC.extraD.nut12. He always _______ to everything and never agrees with anybody.A.projectsB.givesC.foldsD.objects13. I was born in Japan, but I have _______ Chinese citizenship.A.retainedB.representedC.reportedD.required14. He made a rough _______ of the first floor of that building, showing us where his office was located.A.paintingB.illustrationC.drawingD.sketch15. He is deeply _______ in the trouble of his company.A. involvedB.occurredC.packedD.represented16. He always leaves _______ for all the words he does not know in his translation.A.blanketsB.blindC.blackD.blanks17. Smoking and drinking are regarded as _______ in some countries because they do no good tohealth.A.vicesB.habitsC.customsD.copies18. The news has not yet been officially _______ by the government.A.struckB.confirmedC.foundedD.pointed19. These are two _______ issures, but people often take them as one.A.ruinB.nestC.distinctD.castle20. What _______ did you watch on television last night?A.waveB.frequencyC.channelD.tunnel21. The Bushmen are _______ hunters even though their weapons are primitive.A.favouriteB.originalC.sufficientD.expert22. Before he left the White House, the president made a _______ speech.A.quaarelB.symbolC.automobileD.farewell23. The local government has begun a ____ in this city to cut down the traffic；accidents.A.protestB.punishmentC.protectionD.project24. It is highly _______ that he come here tomorrow to join us.A.desirableB.doubtfulC.goodD.wanted25.A new idea began to _______ from his mind when he was on his way back home.A.emergeB.outputC.starveD.tend26. If you just stay in this city for few days, we can give you a _______ library card and you can still make use of the books in the city library.A.terminalB.temporaryC.regularD.chamber27. When you buy anything expensive, never forget to ask for the ____ from the shop.A.renderB.trustC.receiptD.tale28. These programs are designed for those young people who want to _______ higher education but do not have enough time to go to university.A. insureB.purseC.purchaseD.pursue29.In order to write his paper, he borrowed a lot of ___ books from the school library.A. implicationB.referenceC.sampleD.saucer30.When he opened the door, he used too much force and _______ the key.A.trailedB.variedC.twistedD.wicked31.When heated, water changes into _______.A.solidB.vapourC.liquidD.air32.What she achieved in her research might _______ what she had been expecting.A.exceedB.exclaimC.excessD.extend33.It is _______ to anyone here that the department chairman has refused to support the new project.A.factorB.falseC.evidentD.elastic34.He _______ his father in appearance but not in height.A.repeatsB.looksC.resemblesD.likes35. Both O.J.Simpson and Jim Brown have been ______ as the greatest players in the history of football.A.rankedB.recordedC.stockedD.stripped36. The airplane took off soon. It was like being on an old train ______ from side to side and going faster and faster.A.surroundingB.foregoingC.swayingD.frowning37. This is a poem about _______ life in the American West.A.bayB.chamberC.frankD.dozen39.What they produced has no any _____ value. But it is very useful to their research.A.filterB.foldC.partialmercial40.When talking about Chinese culture, people often _______ its origin with the Yellow River.A.worshipB.vainC.revealD.associate41.As a chairman for nearly ten years, Professor Smith has never _______ to anything dishonest.A.beardB.attachedC.grantedD.kept43.The ---_______ between Chinese and Japanese is not so obvious so that it is noteasy to distinguish between people from the two countries.A.distinctionB.equivalentC.indexD.murder44.When he caught a _______ of his girl-friend in the rain, Jack asked the taxi driver to stop to pick her up.A.harbourB.kettleC.glimpseD.scale45.He’ll always be _______ to you for what you’ve done.A.peacefulB.secureC.gratefulpanion46.In Nearly any country, there always exists a __ gap between the old and the young.A.generationB.helicopterC.noticeableD.ounce47.Excuse me, sir. Could you please tell me what number I should dial to get the ______.A.throatB.verseC.conductorD.operator48.Without the _______ materials imported from abroad, Japan can hardly produce anything.A.storeyB.valuableC.spareD.raw49.We may be able to ____ you in some way if you can not finish your work on time.A.resistB.insistC.assistD.disease50. She always dreamed of an _______ job even when she was ten years old.A. idealB.indirectC.absoluteD.aidTest 41. Even though he has lived in China for many years, Mark still can not _______ himself to the Chinese customs.A.adoptB.adjustC.adaptD.accept2. He tried to _______ with the manager for has salary.A.evaluateB.objectC.bargainD.pause3. To some _______, Mary still does not understand this unit. But she herself does not believe so.A.extendB.partC.extentD.content4. Great Britain and France will hold a ____ regarding some European economic problems.A.conferenceB.referenceC.conversionD.cooperation5. Since he often travels on business, he can _______ himself to sleeping in any place he can find.A.makeB.accustomC.forceD.let6. He has _______ much time and energy for his invention.A.containedB.proceededC.consumedD.paid7. A good teacher always tries to _______ students to ask question.A.encourageB.obeyC.recallD.spread8. If you want to see the chairman of the department, you’d better make an _______ with his secretary first.A.admissionB.agreementC.appointmentD.alphabet9. They say the new film is a(n) _______ picture so they won’t go to see it.A. internalB.oddC.interestingD.dull10. The judge _______ the murderer to twenty years in prison.A.requiredB.orderedC.indicatedD.sentenced11. This university has _______ a great deal since our last visit.A.appearedB.alteredC.approachedD.admired12. She is narrow minded and always _______ what other people have.A. jealousB.owesC.missesD.envies13. When he woke up from his dream, the frightened boy tried to _______ his mother’s arm.A.grapeB.greyC.gripD.grave14. Mary has never been _______ a ship.A.abroadB.aboardC.aboveD.absorb15. The modern camera lens may be coated with more than ten _______ for each piece of its glass.A. levelsB.storiesyersD.formations16. The thief was _______ by the police at the railway station.A.carpetB.minedC.capturedD.mounted17. In fact, there is no _______ liberty in any country.A.adequateB.absoluteC.privateD.practical18. There is too much noise outside. I can not _______my attention on my work.A.connectB.flatC.fillD.concentrate19. While studying at U.C.L.A.,Mr.Wang _______ his old friend, whom he has not seen for nearly twenty years.A.encounteredB.whisperedC.swungD.maid20. The _______ production of engines in our factory has doubled this year.A.manualB.annualC.amountD.alike21. The Foreign Minister made an excellent _______ on the current international situation.mitteemandmentmission22.They _______ cattle mainly for the international market.A.carpenterB.districtC.oxD.breed23. He went to the dance last night but couldn’t find a _______ because of his strange clothes.A.pondB.saddleC.partnerD.salad24. Her father will never _______ of her going to study in the United States alone.A.proveB.agreeC.admitD.approve25. I wish I could _______ you somehow for your kindness.A.strawB.issueC.rewardD.own26. Our teacher was _______ by the funny story.A.nakedB.yieldedC.amusedD.expanded27. The young people made a new _______ to the governorA.proposalB.submergeC.tendencyD.thread28. In the film we saw last night, the hero _______ his wife to death with his sword.A.throatB.thrustC.trustD.thread29. If there is no other way to save a _______ person in a tall building on fire, fire fighters may spread a net into which the person can jump.A.voltB.wrappedC.trappedD.deserted30. Since 1978, many new _______ have been developed in our university to meet the increasing demands of the students.A.disciplinesB.entrancesC.checksD.flames31. How can we finish the work in the _______ of any other helpers?A.eraB.hasteC.spareD.absence32. The wounded soldiers’ blood _______ the ground red at the front.A.diedB.dumpedC.drawedD.dyed33. There are two governments in this country. But neither of them is regarded as the _______ one by the other.A.panelB.legalC.purpleD.republic34. The question then ________: What are we going to do when we graduate from the university?A.raisesB.arousesC.arisesD.rises35.The ___ between the two playing periods of a football game is only a few minutes.A. internalB.reserveC.intervalD.radium36. What we need to learn is how to put theory into _______ when we begin our fieldwork here.A.appearanceB.applicationC.accomplishD.achievement37. It is a ___truth that man is the only animal that has the power to speak and reason.A.worthyB.virtualC.universalD.indefinite38. His speech _______ the young people to continue their study.A.glancedB.delayedC.inspiredD.created39. The ground around here is mostly _______ and not very good for farming.A.boardB.clayC.kidD.wax40. Some people say that education is the best _______ for children.A. investigationanizationC.investmentD.origin41. She likes the _______ flower instead of the natural one.A. articleB.adventureC.ancientD.artificial42. This highway runs _______ to the railway.A. identicalB.suitableC.parallelD.distribution43. The rent for this house is $ 250. But you need also pay $50 first as the _______.A.depositB.councilC.desiredD.submitted44. The rebuilding plan was _______ to the committee.A.tapedB.admittedC.desiredD.submitted45. Jack London worked very hard and finally he _______ success.A.madeB.foundC.soughtD.achieved46. It’s just _______ bite. There is nothing to worry about.A.a vesselB.a templeC.an insectD.an arbitrary47. Jack is _______ of stealing the books from the library.A.accusedB.witnessedC.strainedD.found48. Metals expand when they are heated and _______ when cooled.A. indicateB.eliminateC.conquerD.contract49.In order to _______ a good knowledge of English, he gave up his job and went to study in an English school.A.requireB.inquireC.acquireD.address50.He checked carefully to _______ the possible errors in his design.A.eliminateB.exceedC.enlargeD.vibrateTest 51.His proposal is _____ to all of us and you do not need to tell us more about it.A.apparentB.appearingC.approachingD.apart2.This mountain range has many high _______ and fertile valleys.A.peaksB.hillsC.phasesD.pink3.He gave us a good _______ of his experience.A.demonstrationB.frequencyC.descriptonD.instruction4.You have your choice of three _______ of ice cream.A.varietiesB.topsC.respectsD.decks5.This sick man was _______ in a blanket.A. inputB.issuedC.ensuredD.wrapped6.This is the military ________. Nobody is allowed to get in without permission.A.bondB.zoneC.butterD.zoo7.Rock music usually _______ the young people in most countries.A.applies toB.appeals toC.amazesD.actress8.Would he have seen you if you hadn’t _______ to him?A. intendedB.wavedC.expressedD.debt9.Everyone _______ the right to his own opinion.A. imitatesB.requestsC.deservesD.outlines10. I’m worried about the appearance of the floor. I need to _______ it.A.cleanB.fixC.waxD.oven11. He felt _______ of what he had done in school.A.shyB.ashC.advisableD.ashamed。
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
1. The millions of calculations involved, ___if_they had been done by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.A. had they been doneB. they had been doneC.having been doneD. they were done这是一句虚拟语气的句子，条件句使用了省略if的倒装句形式，动作与过去事实相反2.Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment__(when) they are happening__.A. which they are happeningB. they are happeningC. which they happenD. they have happenedmoment后接的是省略关系副词when的定语从句3.You should know better than____ your little sister at home by herself.A. to leaveB. leavingC. to have leftD. leftknow better than to do sth.是一个常见的表示责备的句型，意为“应该知道不该做某事”。
4.As the train will not leave until one hour later, we ____grab a bite at the snack bar.A. may wellB. just as wellC. might as wellD. as well既然火车一个小时以后才开，我们不妨到快餐店吃口东西。
【难点】might as well后接动词原形，意为“不妨，何不”。
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
双语：奥巴马获胜演讲全文Below are Barack Obama's remarks as prepared for delivery tonight in Chicago:If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible; who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time; who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.It's the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen; by people who waited three hours and four hours, many for the very first time in their lives, because they believed that this time must be different; that their voice could be that difference.It's the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, Democrat and Republican, black, white, Latino, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been a collection of Red States and Blue States: we are, and always will be, the United States of America.It's the answer that led those who have been told for so long by so many to be cynical, and fearful, and doubtful of what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day.It's been a long time coming, but tonight, because of what we did on this day, in this election, at this defining moment, change has come to America.I just received a very gracious call from Senator McCain. He fought long and hard in this campaign, and he's fought even longer and harder for the country he loves. He has endured sacrifices for America that most of us cannot begin to imagine, and we are better off for the service rendered by this brave and selfless leader. I congratulate him and Governor Palin for all they have achieved, and I look forward to working with them to renew this nation's promise in the months ahead.I want to thank my partner in this journey, a man who campaigned from his heart and spoke for the men and women he grew up with on the streets of Scranton and rode with on that train home to Delaware, the Vice President-elect of the United States, Joe Biden.I would not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last sixteen years, the rock of our family and the love of my life, our nation's next First Lady, Michelle Obama. Sasha and Malia, I love you both so much, and you have earned the new puppy that's coming with us to the White House. And while she's no longer with us, I know my grandmother is watching, along with the family that made me who I am. I miss them tonight, and know that my debt to them is beyond measure.To my campaign manager David Plouffe, my chief strategist David Axelrod, and the best campaign team ever assembled in the history of politics you made this happen, and I am forever grateful for what you've sacrificed to get it done.But above all, I will never forget who this victory truly belongs to it belongs to you.I was never the likeliest candidate for this office. We didn't start with much money or many endorsements. Our campaign was not hatched in the halls of Washington it began in the backyards of Des Moines and the living rooms of Concord and the front porches of Charleston.It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give five dollars and ten dollars and twenty dollars to this cause. It grew strength from the young people who rejected the myth of their generation's apathy; who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep; from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching heat to knock on the doors of perfect strangers; from the millions of Americans who volunteered, and organized, and proved that more than two centuries later, a government of the people, by the people and for the people has not perished from this Earth. This is your victory.I know you didn't do this just to win an election and I know you didn't do it for me. You did it because you understand the enormity of the task that lies ahead. For even as we celebrate tonight, we know the challenges that tomorrow will bring are the greatest of our lifetime two wars, a planet in peril, the worst financial crisis in a century. Even as we stand here tonight, we know there are brave Americans waking up in the deserts of Iraq and the mountains of Afghanistan to risk their lives for us. There are mothers and fathers who will lie awake after their children fall asleep and wonder how they'll make the mortgage, or pay their doctor's bills, or save enough for college. There is new energy to harness and new jobs to be created; new schools to build and threats to meet and alliances to repair.The road ahead will be long. Our climb will be steep. We may not get there in one year or even one term, but America I have never been more hopeful than I am tonight that we will get there. I promise you we as a people will get there.There will be setbacks and false starts. There are many who won't agree with every decision or policy I make as President, and we know that government can't solve every problem. But I will always be honest with you about the challenges we face. I will listen to you, especially when we disagree. And above all, I will ask you join in the work of remaking this nation the only way it's been done in America for two-hundred and twenty-one years block by block, brick by brick, calloused hand by calloused hand.What began twenty-one months ago in the depths of winter must not end on this autumn night. This victory alone is not the change we seek it is only the chance for us to make that change. And that cannot happen if we go back to the way things were. It cannot happen without you.So let us summon a new spirit of patriotism; of service and responsibility where each of us resolves to pitch in and work harder and look after not only ourselves, but each other. Let us remember that if this financial crisis taught us anything, it's that we cannot have a thriving Wall Street while Main Street suffers in this country, we rise or fall as one nation; as one people.Let us resist the temptation to fall back on the same partisanship and pettiness and immaturity that has poisoned our politics for so long. Let us remember that it was a man from this state who first carried the banner of the Republican Party to the White House a party founded on the values of self-reliance, individual liberty, and national unity. Those are values we all share, and while the Democratic Party has won a great victory tonight, we do so with a measure of humility and determination to heal the divides that have held back our progress. As Lincoln said to a nation far more divided than ours, 'We are not enemies, but friends…though passion may have strained it must not break our bonds of affection.' And to those Americans whose support I have yet to earn I may not have won your vote, but I hearyour voices, I need your help, and I will be your President too.And to all those watching tonight from beyond our shores, from parliaments and palaces to those who are huddled around radios in the forgotten corners of our world our stories are singular, but our destiny is shared, and a new dawn of American leadership is at hand. T o those who would tear this world down we will defeat you. To those who seek peace and security we support you. And to all those who have wondered if America's beacon still burns as bright tonight we proved once more that the true strength of our nation comes not from our the might of our arms or the scale of our wealth, but from the enduring power of our ideals: democracy, liberty, opportunity, and unyielding hope.For that is the true genius of America that America can change. Our union can be perfected. And what we have already achieved gives us hope for what we can and must achieve tomorrow.This election had many firsts and many stories that will be told for generations. But one that's on my mind tonight is about a woman who cast her ballot in Atlanta. She's a lot like the millions of others who stood in line to make their voice heard in this election except for one thing Ann Nixon Cooper is 106 years old.She was born just a generation past slavery; a time when there were no cars on the road or planes in the sky; when someone like her couldn't vote for two reasons because she was a woman and because of the color of her skin.And tonight, I think about all that she's seen throughout her century in America the heartache and the hope; the struggle and the progress; the times we were told that we can't, and the people who pressed on with that American creed: Yes we can.At a time when women's voices were silenced and their hopes dismissed, she lived to see them stand up and speak out and reach for the ballot. Yes we can.When there was despair in the dust bowl and depression across the land, she saw a nation conquer fear itself with a New Deal, new jobs and a new sense of common purpose. Yes we can.When the bombs fell on our harbor and tyranny threatened the world, she was there to witness a generation rise to greatness and a democracy was saved. Yes we can.She was there for the buses in Montgomery, the hoses in Birmingham, a bridge in Selma, and a preacher from Atlanta who told a people that 'We Shall Overcome.' Yes we can.A man touched down on the moon, a wall came down in Berlin, a world was connected by our own science and imagination. And this year, in this election, she touched her finger to a screen, and cast her vote, because after 106 years in America, through the best of times and the darkest of hours, she knows how America can change. Yes we can.America, we have come so far. We have seen so much. But there is so much more to do. So tonight, let us ask ourselves if our children should live to see the next century; if my daughters should be so lucky to live as long as Ann Nixon Cooper, what change will they see? What progress will we have made?This is our chance to answer that call. This is our moment. This is our time to put our people back to work and open doors of opportunity for our kids; to restore prosperity and promote the cause of peace; to reclaim the American Dream and reaffirm that fundamental truth that out of many, we are one; that while we breathe, we hope, and where we are met with cynicism, and doubt, and those who tell us that we can't, we will respond with that timelesscreed that sums up the spirit of a people:Yes We Can. Thank you, God bless you, and may God Bless the United States of America. 以下是奥巴马(Barack Obama)为今晚在芝加哥演讲准备的讲稿：如果还有人对美国是否凡事都有可能存疑，还有人怀疑美国奠基者的梦想在我们所处的时代是否依然鲜活，还有人质疑我们的民主制度的力量，那么今晚，这些问题都有了答案。
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
1、理清自己的能力菜单，确定自己能力提升的目标提升能力的第一步是要弄清楚四个问题：(1)我最突出的能力有哪些？(2)目前工作最急需的能力是什么？(3)对比工作急需的能力我最欠缺的能力是什么？(4)我应该如何提升这些欠缺的能力？你可以列一个表单，逐一回答上述问题，这样你所欠缺的能力以及今后努力的方向就一目了然了。
2、制定自己提升能力的行动计划制定行动计划时，要注意几点：(1)从知识结构上的合理、优化与提升。
一个主管的知识结构，大体上有三种类型：专业知识;管理知识;相关知识。
只有建立和完善科学合理的知识结构，才能有效的支撑和提升自己的职业能力。
第一类是传统的知识结构，即仅有某一专业知识的结构。
这是唯一的知识结构，或称线性结构。
这种知识结构已远远不能适应形势对管理者的要求。
第二类是“T”型知识结构，或称为纵横结构。
这里的“纵”，表示某一专业知识方面的深度;这里的“横”，表示与某一领域相关的知识面的跨度或广度。
“T”型的知识结构也可以称为通才的静态结构。
一个现代管理者的知识结构如果缺乏时间标量，没有反映知识更新率的指数，仍然是不完整的。
第三类是具有时间概念的“T”型知识结构，或称通才的动态结构。
这类知识结构的主要测定指标有三个：即深度、广度和时间度。
只有这样的知识结构，才是管理者理想的知识结构。
(2)结合职业和工作需要去“补短板”。
一般而言，我不主张“补短板”，主张发挥自己的长处和优势，通过学习使长处更长，优势更优。
但如果你眼前的工作职位确实需要这种能力，那就必须补上这个缺少的“短板”。
例如，作为一名职业管理者，如果你在职业管理者所必备的职业知识和能力上有短板，那么，你就得必须补上。
比如，沟通能力是管理者的最基本的素质要求，如果你要想在管理岗位上有所发展，你就必须补上这一课，否则，你就不称职，你就无法有更好的发展。
假如你的性格和习惯无法改变，确实补不上这一课，你就应该考虑是不是转换职业道路，比如走技术发展的道路。
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
1、洗手——看处置本——带处置本至床旁——核对床头牌，看床号（*床，请问你叫什么名字，你好，我是你的责任护士**，刚才给你测量体温是39.5度，遵医嘱准备给你酒精擦浴，就是利用酒精易挥发的特性，吸收和带走机体大量的热，使体温下降。
）——（让我检查一下你的皮肤情况）在床两侧检查，包括上身和四肢。
（你全身皮肤完整无溃疡，无伤口，请问你需要小便吗？请你休息一下，我准备用物马上过来。
）——回治疗室，洗手，戴口罩——看处置本——翻治疗盘——取2个治疗碗，弯盘，包上毛巾的冰袋和热水袋于治疗盘内——推车至床旁，，核对(王兰，你准备好了吗，我想为你酒精擦浴，请你配合一下）——关门窗，拉窗帘，屏风遮挡，调节室温，松开被尾——将热水袋置于足底，冰袋置于头顶——脱近侧衣袖，松腰带，浴巾盖上肢——将浸有酒精的小毛巾拧至半干手套式缠在手上拍式（颈外侧至手背，胸侧经腋窝至掌心，）擦干，撤浴巾，盖被，拉起床栏——推车至床对侧，脱上衣，重复，擦干，向对侧翻身，浴巾盖背，拍式从上到下至臀部——擦干，穿上衣，先对侧袖再近侧袖——脱近侧裤腿，垫浴巾，拍式（髂前上棘经腿外侧至足背，腹股沟经腿内侧至内裸，大腿根部经腘窝至足跟部），擦干，撤浴巾，盖被——推车至床对侧，放下床栏——脱裤，重复——穿裤，取下热水袋，整理床单位，（王兰，酒精擦浴已经完成了，30分钟后我会来为你测量体温）——侧体温（10分钟）——取纱布于左手，先擦拭体温表再看读数——（王兰，你现在的体温38.5度，现在为你把头部的冰袋取下，请卧床休息，多进食高维生素，高热量的食物，多喝水，如果出汗多，请及时更换衣被，防止感冒，我把呼叫器放在你枕头边，有事请按中间的按钮，我会及时来巡视病房的，请你放心，谢谢你的配合。
）（操作者：××，您好！您感觉怎么样？我听你气管内痰液较多，给您吸吸痰好吗?吸痰过程中可能有些刺激不舒服,希望您能配合，我会动作很轻的，很快就会好的，可以吗？）——协助患者取仰体位——洗手——铺巾——打开生理盐水盖（口述：口鼻腔内、气管内）——再次的检查吸痰管，打开吸痰管包装，取手套，戴手套（先左后右）取出吸痰管绕在右手，左手连接——调负压——吸生理盐水，吸痰管通畅（观察生命征及SPO2）——（阿姨，我现在帮您洗下气管内的痰，您放松，我会轻轻的），同时另一人断开呼吸机与气管导管连接处，将呼吸机接头放在治疗巾上，操作者迅速并轻轻地沿气管导管送入吸痰管，吸痰管遇阻力略上提，边上提边旋转边吸引，一次吸痰时间小于15s；避免在气管内上下提插（观察生命体征、SPO2及病人情况，如病人痰液粘稠，应予温生理盐水气道冲洗，在吸气时注入5-10ml，根据患者呛咳反应及时吸痰，必要时予鼓肺吸痰；），口述吸出痰的量、性质、颜色——.吸痰结束后另一人立即接呼吸机通气，呼吸机连接管和气管插管处理方法正确；给予患者100%的纯氧2分钟——冲管（看生命征及SPO2及呼吸机气道压的情况）——关负压——脱手套——更换吸痰管，洗口腔内的痰液，阿姨我现在给您吸下口腔里的痰，您放松（前、中、后观察生命征及SPO2的情况）口述，痰液的情况——脱手套——洗手——清洁面部——取体位——撤治疗巾，听双肺呼吸音，诉痰鸣音明显减少。
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
2011年6月四级真题及解析Part One 作文：1、现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2、网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3、我的建议范文：1. Online ShoppingSeveral decades ago, it should be a marvelous wonder to purchase our favorite gifts only by clicking the mouse and then just waiting for the door knock by a smiling expressive delivery courier with the exact package you ordered. While, today, it is no long a rare case. Combined with the fast food, the digital communication ,online shopping has been a common part of our life。
Admittedly, on line shopping offers magical convenience. For example, it saves time and offers numerous choices since floods of information can be supplied on Internet. While, every coin has two sides and online shopping is no different. Have you still remembered the annoying time when you found the commodities you buy on Internet was not the slightest as what you had expected and longtime had to be taken for its replace and even compensation. Actually, just with the seemingly beautiful pictures of the products on Internet, it is hard for us to make rational choices. After all, seeing is believing。
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
4．5 经典解析一、选择题1．在数据库管理技术的发展过程中，经历了人工管理阶段、文件系统阶段和数据库系统阶段。
在这几个阶段中，数据独立性最高的是( )。
A)数据库系统 B)文件系统C)人工管理 D)数据项管理For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use【命题目的】考查数据库技术发展的几个阶段及各个阶段的特点。
【解题要点】数据库系统的3级体系结构中提供了子模式／模式和模式／内模式两级映射，保证了数据独立性的实现。
【错解分析】在人工管理阶段，数据无法共享，冗余度大，不独立，完全依赖于程序。
在文件系统阶段，数据共享性差，冗余度大，独立性也较差。
所以B)选项和C)选项均是错误的。
【考点链接】数据管理3个阶段各自的特点。
答案：A)2．数据库系统的核心是( )。
A)数据库 B)数据库管理系统C)数据模型 D)软件工具【命题目的】考查数据库系统的组成。
【解题要点】数据库系统由数据库(数据)、数据库管理系统(及其开发工具)、应用系统、数据库管理员、系统平台之一——硬件平台(硬件)、系统平台之二——软件平台(软件)五部分构成。
数据库管理系统(DataBase Management System，DBMS)是数据库的机构，它是一种系统软件，负责数据库中的数据组织、数据操作、数据维护、控制及保护和数据服务等。
【错解分析】数据库(DataBase，DB)是长期储存在计算机内、有组织的、可共享的大量数据集合。
数据库不是数据库系统的核心。
在数据库中用数据模型这个工具来抽象、表示和处理现实世界中的数据和信息。
通俗地讲数据模型就是现实世界的反映。
软件工具分为软件开发工具、软件维护工具、软件管理与软件支持工具。
这些工具用来辅助软件开发、运行、维护、管理、支持等过程中的活动。
【考点链接】数据、数据库、数据库管理系统的概念。
答案：B)3．数据库系统依靠( )支持数据的独立性。
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
travel“Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things you didn’t do than by the ones you did do. So throw off the bowlines, sail away from the safe harbor. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover.” Mark Twain马克·吐温：从现在开始的二十多年中，比起那些已经做过的，你会越来越后悔那些你没有做过的事情。
请解开系紧的船缆，驶离安全的港湾，扬帆远航吧。
去探索，去梦想，去发现！1. You will grow as a person你将成长为一个独立的人When you travel the world, you have the opportunity to experience different cultures and meet new people. It is inevitable that through these experiences you will learn a lot about yourself. Who you are as a person and what you want out of life might very well change.当你周游世界时，你就有机会体验不同的文化并结识新朋友。
通过这些经历，你自然而然就会更加深刻地了解自己。
你就会更清楚自己是个什么样的人，你对生活的期望也很可能会改变。
2. Freedom自由You will enjoy a much greater sense of freedom when no one is able to tell you what to do. You are the boss. You decide where you want to go, what you want to do and how long you want to stay.当没有人能告诉你该怎么做，你将更多地感受自由。
2011年6月大学英语四级真题-大学英语四级(CET4)试卷与试题
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
Section B:Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Rent a grave. C) Bury the dead near a church.B) Burn the body. D) Buy a piece of land for a grave.27. A) To solve the problem of lack of land.B) To see whether they have decayed.C) To follow the Greek religious practice.D) To move them to a multi-storey graveyard.28. A) They should be buried lying down.B) They should be buried standing up.C) They should be buried after being washed.D) They should be buried when partially decayed.29. A) Burning dead bodies to ashes.B) Storing dead bodies in a remote place.C) Placing dead bodies in a bone room.D) Digging up dead bodies after three years.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Many foreign tourists visit the United States every year.B) Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.C) The United Stated is a country of immigrants.D) Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food.31. A) They can make friends with people from other countries.B) They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles.C) They can practice speaking foreign languages there.D) They can meet with businessmen from all over the world.32. A) The couple cook the dishes and the children help them.B) The husband does the cooking and the wife serves as the waitress.C) The mother does the cooking while the father and children wait on the guests.D) A hired cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) He took them to watch a basketball game.B) He trained them to play European football.C) He let them compete in getting balls out of a basket.D) He taught them to play an exciting new game.34. A) The players found the basket too high to reach.B) The players had trouble getting the ball out of the basket.C) The players had difficulty understanding the complex rules.D) The players soon found the game boring.35. A) By removing the bottom of the basket.B) By lowering the position of the basket.C) By simplifying the complex rules.D) By altering the size of the basket.Section BPassage 1【原文再现】In Greece, only rich people will rest in peace forever when they die（26）.Most of the population, however, will be undisturbed for only three years, then they will be dug up, washed, compressed into a small tin box, and placed in a bone room. If the body has only partially decayed, it is reburied in a smaller cheaper grave, but not for long, the body will be dug up again some time later when it has fully decayed. Buying a piece of land for a grave is the only way to avoid this process（26）. The cost of the grave is so great that most people choose to rent the grave for three years and even after it has been dug up, lasting peace is still not guaranteed. If no one pays for renting space in the bone room, the skeleton is removed and stored in a building in a poor part of the town. Lack of space in Athens is the main reason why the dead are dug up after three years（27）. The city is so overcrowded that sometimes dead bodies are kept in the hospitals for over a week until a grave is found. Athens’ city council wants to introduce cremation, that is burning dead bodies as a means of dealing with the problems（29）. But the Greek church resists this practice, they believe the only place where people burn is hell, so burning dead bodies is against the Greek concept of life after death. To save space, the church suggested burying the bodies standing up instead of lying down（28）. Some people proposed building multi-storey underground grave yards.【文章概要】文章主要讲述了在希腊，因为土地资源极为有限，除了有钱人，绝大多数死者在埋葬三年后被挖起来重新处理，但还不能保证能妥善处理。
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. "With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurants are keeping up," says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. "Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes."
Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary (烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.
"As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food," Tomes says. "And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens."
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
Model Test 6Part III ClOZE 【15MIN】Last year, courts sentenced 233 people to death but actually31) ____none, while policemen killed an estimated 590 people. Probably half of them were a threat to no one, including the police officers who killed them. The police power to kill is unique 32)____it is not limited to self-defense or defense of others. On most states, the law still33)____ police officers to shoot or kill any fleeing felony suspect. This is a 34)____from centuries—old English Common Law, which classified only eight serious35)____as felonies, all of which were punishable by death. Though English courts36)____police the right to kill suspects fleeing from nonviolent felonies over 100 years ago, most American courts 37)____ to support firmly that police right. In current American law, 38)____most violent crime, the list of felonies has come to include a broad range of nonviolent crime, such as car theft and other stealings, 39)____of which is punishable by death after 40)____on court but is legally punishable by death41)____ arrest on the street if the suspect tries to flee from the police. 42)____statistical evidence suggests that perhaps 43)____half of the people killed by policemen are fleeing felony and even misdemeanor suspects. When a police officer is killed, the44)____ and criminal-justice systems always reacts swiftly and 45)____in investigating the killing. But when the police kill in a typical year, for each police officer killed in the line 46)____, six citizens are killed by policemen—the system reacts quite differently. Killing by the police is investigated by the police. These 47)____ investigations normally proceed unnoticed by the general public and the conclusions reached48)____ became public information. Because these investigations are often intended to defend police action49)____ investigate them, less than one percent of all killings by policemen are 50)____ unjustifiable by police departments, even though independent studies have found that 25 to 50 percent of the victims have been unarmed.1) A executed B excluded C excelled D exalted2) A so that B for that C in that D in order that3) A allows B suggests C consents D prohibits4) A breakthrough B makeup C bringdown D carry-over5) A misdemeanors B crimes C criminals D offences6) A deprived B denied C rejected D declined7) A plan B refuse C continue D stop8) A in addition to B regardless of C with regard to D with the exception of9) A all B each C none D some10) A conversion B convergence C convoy D conviction11) A until B while C as soon as D before12) A Infinite B Limited C Imperceptible D Primitive13) A as many as B as much as C as well as D as long as14) A law-execution B law-implementation C law-enforcement D law-exercise15) A purposefully B deliberately C delicately D exclusively16) A of duty B for duty C with duty D on duty17) A inert B infernal C inexorable D internal18) A often B absolutely C seldom D never19) A less than B more than C equal to D superior to20) A ruled B governed C dominated D manipulatedPart IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY 【15MIN】51. My pain____ apparent the moment I talked into the room, for the first man I met aske d sympathetically: “Are you fee ling all ri ght?”A. must beB. must have beenC. had beenD. had to be52.It is only when you nearly lose someone____fully conscious of how much you value him.A. do you becomeB. then you becomeC. that you becomeD. have you become53.Just as the soil is a part of the earth,__ __the atmosphere.A. as it isB. so isC. the same asD. and so is54. While driving along the treacherous road,__ __.A. my right rear tire blew outB. my right rear tire had a blowoutC. I had a blowout on my right rear tireD. I had my right rear tire blowout55.Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of American poetry is his insistence that it___in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.A. is to be analyzedB. has been analyzedC. be analyzedD. should have been analyzed56.Jack’s ill, so they____change their plans.A. mustB. shouldC. have got toD. ought to57.He set up in business___ his own and was very successful.A. inB. ofC. onD. by58.Frank almost never received any education____ ?A. would heB. did heC. didn’t heD. wouldn’t he59. Even if his letter____ tomorrow, it____ too late to do anything.A. will arrive...isB. should arrive...wereC. arrives...will beD. arrives...would be60. We can hear____ from the back of the room.A. just as goodB. just as easyC. just as wellD. easily as well61. Although ____ Spanish, he attended the course.A. he was knowingB. he is knowingC. having a knowledge ofD. knows62. You ____ that letter to James. However, you didn’t.A. ought to writeB. ought to have writtenC. should writeD. should be writing63. Joseph was very lucky ____ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room.A. to escapeB. to have escapedC. to escapingD. to be escaping64. Bread and butter ____ liked by Westerners.A. isB. areC. wereD. be65. The back garden of our house contains a lawn, ____ very pleasant to sit on in summer.A. which isB. which it isC. it isD. where it is66. There is nothing in physical structure, the brain or the internal organs to__ a difference.A displayB indicateC demonstrateD appear67. The largest brain ever examined belonged to a person of weak___.A healthB bodyC mindD thought68. Individuals of every race ___civilization to go backward or forward.A makeB causeC moveD turn69. The new government_ the foreign-owned oil fields one after another.A took overB took outC took offD took on70. The new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought increased___, a wider range of publications and an expansion of newspaper job.A circulationB reproductionC manipulationD penetration71.To obtain a satisfactory result, one must apply two____of paint on a clean surface.A. coatsB. levelsC. timesD. courses72. The small mountain village was____by the snow for more than one month.A. cut backB. cut outC. cut offD. cut away73. Miss Green was____$100 for driving after drinking.A. finedB. chargedC. punishedD. posed74.Modern____perhaps causes more problems than it solves.A. techniqueB. technologyC. tacticsD. tendency75. Mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it____when she was trying to go to sleep.A. soundingB. ringingC. tickingD. humming76. Under this____ pressure some of the rocks even became liquid.A. intensiveB. weightyC. intenseD. bulky77. Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the ____of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living.A. maximumB. minorityC. majorityD. minimum78. Nancy was surprised that they have____. They seemed to be a happy couple.A. split upB. broken downC. fallen throughD. knocked out79. The beach is in an ideal____ to draw tourists.A. conditionB. situationC. stateD. publicity80. Our____ sensitivity decreases with age. By age 60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to smell and 50 percent of their taste buds.A. sensibleB. senselessC. sensitiveD. sensoryPart Ⅵ WRITING【45MIN】SECTION A COMPOSITION【35MIN】More and more college students complain that graduation means the coming ofunemployment. What advice will you give to the undergraduates to avoid this dilemma？Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic：My Advice to the UndergraduatesYou are to write in three parts.In the first part，state specifically what your view is.In the second part，support your view with appropriate details.In the last part，bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your composition.Marks will be awarded for content，organization，grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTION B NOTE-WRITING 【10MIN】Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:You are Tom/Lily. You have just received the news that your friend Jim / Lucy was appointed Director of the Youth League of your university. Write him / her a note of congratulation.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.完型31-35 ACADB 36-40 BCACD 41-45DBACB 46-50 ADCBA语法51-55 BCBCC 56-60 CCBCC 61-65CBBAA词汇66-70 BCBAA 71-75ACABC 76-80CCABD答案详解51. B) 我刚一走进房间时一定表现得很痛苦，因为我遇到的第一个人同情地问我：“你没事吧?”must与完成时不定式连用往往表示对过去发生的事情的主观推测，常译成“一定是…”。
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过程装备与控制工程专业培养方案
Process Equipment and Control Engineering
（门类：工学，二级类：机械类，专业代码：080304）
一、业务培养目标
本专业培养德智体美全面发展，掌握化学工程、机械工程、控制工程和管理工程等方面的知识，具备扎实的科学理论基础，能在化工、石油、能源、机械、环保、医药、轻工、材料、食品及劳动安全等部门，从事工程设计、技术开发、生产制造、经营管理以及工程科学研究等方面工作，具有较强的实践能力和创新精神的高级专门人才。
二、业务培养要求
本专业以产业部门各类过程装备和系统为工作对象，着重各类过程装备的设计、制造、控制与管理。
本专业跨化工、机械、动力与控制等多学科，涉及传感器检测、计算机及过程自动控制等应用技术，因而教学环节贯彻化工过程、机械电子、流体输送等专业特色相结合的方针。
要求毕业生应获得以下几个方面的知识和能力：
（1）掌握数、理、化等基础学科知识，同时具有较好的人文社会学科、管理学科的基础知识；
（2）系统地掌握本专业领域的基本理论和基础知识，主要包括化学工程、动力工程、工程力学、工程图学、机械工程及控制工程等方面的基本理论和基础知识；
（3）掌握各种过程装备的设计方法、创新改造技术与控制技术，具有对新设备、新技术进行开发研究与创新设计以及对设备装置进行成本评估与投资决策的初步能力；
（4）熟悉国家关于过程装置设计、开发、研究、环境保护和安全防灾等方面的方针、政策和法规；
（5）了解过程装备与控制工程的理论前沿，了解新装置、新技术、新材料、新工艺的发展动态；
（6）掌握文献检索、资料查询的基本方法，具有一定的科学研究和实际工作能力；
（7）具有较强的外语能力与计算机应用能力；
（8）具有创新意识和独立获取知识的能力。
三、主干学科和主要课程
主干学科：化学工程与技术、动力工程及工程热物理。
主要课程：大学物理、化工原理、工程热力学、工程流体力学、理论力学、材料力学、机械原理、机械设计、画法几何与机械制图II、过程设备设计、过程装备控制技术、过程流体机械、电工电子技术、计算机技术基础、计算机硬件基础、工程测试与信号处理、微机原理及应用等。
四、主要实践性教学环节
军训、金工实习、生产实习、机械零部件测绘、机械原理课程设计、机械设计课程设计、过程设备设计课程设计、过程流体机械课程设计、电工电子实习、毕业实习、毕业设计（论文）等。
五、修业年限
3~6年
六、授予学位
工学学士
七、课程体系的构成及学时、学分分配
各学期各类课程额定学分分配表
八、各教学环节的要求和安排
1.理论教学：包括课堂教学、习题课、课堂讨论、实验课等环节，其课时分配应根据各门课的教学大纲具体安排。
在各环节的实施过程中，要求利用先进的教学手段，注意改进教学方法，以提高教学质量。
从第五学期开始，每学期应至少安排一门专业基础课或专业课采用英文教材、英语教学或阅读英文参考书，建设示范性双语课程。
2.实践教学：包括实习、课程设计、毕业设计。
（1）实习：各实习开始之前，应按大纲要求，制定详尽的实施计划。
1）金工实习（4周）：安排在第四学期，该实习与金属工艺学课程相结合，应在课前开设。
2）电工电子实习（1周）：安排在第五学期，与电工电子技术课程相结合，应在课后开设。
3）生产实习（4周）：安排在第六学期，分校内实习和校外实习，校外实习应安排在条件合适的工厂进行，目的是使学生了解过程生产的工艺流程、设备应用及控制原理。
4）毕业实习（2周）：安排在第八学期，结合毕业设计进行。
（2）课程设计：是课程教学的一个重要环节，培养学生运用所学理论知识解决实际问题的能力。
设计题目应与课程大纲的要求相符合，选题应具有实际意义和综合训练的特色。
1）机械零部件测绘（1周）：安排在第二学期。
2）机械原理课程设计（1周）：安排在第四学期。
3）机械设计课程设计（3周）：安排在第五学期。
4）过程设备设计课程设计（3周）：安排在第七学期。
5）过程流体机械课程设计（2周）：安排在第八学期。
（3）毕业设计（论文）（14周）：安排在第八学期，应结合生产实际、科研项目、实验室建设等确定设计内容，进行工程设计与系统开发，使学生掌握过程装备及其控制系统的基本设计方法和技能，培养学生综合运用所学理论知识分析和解决问题的工程实践能力，同时加强对外文文献阅读、翻译的训练。
毕业设计应写出毕业设计说明书，设计图纸应有足够数量。
通过毕业设计使学生真正受到一次全面的工程师训练，为毕业后进行工程设计、制造打下坚实基础。
3.考核：所修课程均要进行考试或考查，考试成绩按百分记，考查成绩按优、良、中、及格、不及格五级记分。
九、培养方案一览表
培养方案一览表
专业：过程装备与控制工程学制：四年制订日期：2005年7月19日（一）学历
说明：C课程设计D毕业设计G生产劳动F机动E毕业鉴定M金工实习Q假期
（二）时间分配
（三）实践环节
（四）必修课进程表
续表（四）
（五）选修课进程表
注：标★号者为必选课。
（六）第二课堂安排表
（七）课外创新学分。