高考英语江苏版：专题1+语法知识+第十二节+Word版含解析

第十二节介词与介词短语
1.方位介词
above/over/on/up；across/through/beside/around；in/out/from/towards/to；under/below/beneath/ down；among/between
2.时间介词
at/in/on；after/before/for/since；during/over/through；by/till/until
3.表工具、手段、方式的介词
(1)with/in/by；
(2)用这种方式：in this way(manner)/by this means/with this method/with this approach
4.介词与某些名词、形容词或动词的各种搭配形式。

1.Favorable policies are to encourage employees’ professional development.
(2019·江苏，27) A.in effect B.in command C.in turn D.in shape
答案A
解析考查介词短语辨析。

句意为：优惠政策会有效地促进员工的职业发展。

in effect有效。

2. all the problems，several of the players produced excellent performances.(2019·天津，5)
A.According to
B.Instead of
C.In addition to
D.In spite of
答案D
解析考查介词短语辨析。

句意为：尽管存在各种问题，但是其中的一些选手还是表现出色。

according to根据；instead of代替，而不是；in addition to除……以外；in spite of尽管。

结合句意可知，应选D。

3.China’s soft power grows the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.(2018·江苏，33)
A.in line with
B.in reply to
C.in return for
D.in honour of
答案A
解析句意为：中国的软实力在增长，这与中国在全球范围内得到越来越多的欣赏和理解是一致的。

in line with意为“与……一致”，符合语境。

in reply to回复，答复；in return for作为对……的回报；in honour of为了向……表示尊敬。

4.Bob thought he couldn’t go to the party because he had to write a report，but he went .(2018·天津，11)
A.at first
B.after all
C.above all
D.at random
答案B
解析句意为：鲍勃以为他不能去参加聚会了，因为他得写一份报告，但他最终还是去了。

after all意为“毕竟，最终，终究”，符合语境，故选B。

at first起初，最初；above all首先，最重要的是；at random任意地，漫无目的地。

5.—Good morning，Mr Lee’s office.
—Good morning.I’d like to make an appointment next Wednesday
afternoon.(2018·北京，14)
A.for
B.on
C.in
D.at
答案A
解析“make an appointment for＋时间”表示“约某个时间见面或对某个时间做出预约安排”。

本句中的make an appointment for next Wednesday afternoon的意思是“约定下周三下午见面”。

此题很容易误选B项，表示具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上时，前面的介词用on，但是B项表示“在某个时间做或者发生某件具体的事情”。

句意为：——早上好，这里是李先生的办公室。

——早上好。

我想约下周三下午(和李先生)见个面。

6.Determining where we are our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.(2017·江苏，32)
A.in contrast to
B.in defense of
C.in face of
D.in relation to
答案D
解析句意为：通过对比我们周围的环境来确定我们的位置是我们生存的一项重要技能。

结合句意可知，这里用in relation to“关于，与……相比”。

in contrast to与……相比之下，与……相反；in defense of保卫，为……辩护；in face of面对。

7.When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California，you will be trees that are over 1,000 years old.(2017·天津，12)
A.among
B.against
C.behind
D.below
答案A
解析句意为：当你驾车穿过加利福尼亚的红杉林时，你会置身在那些树龄超过1 000年的树木之间。

among在……当中，为……所围绕，符合语境。

against以……为背景，衬托；behind 在……后面；below在……下面。

诊断报告
解题方法
1.汉语对照法
在高考试题中，考查的介词有一大部分是表示方位、范围的，这就涉及一些表示方位的介词，这时可以根据其汉语意思来解答此类试题。

2.固定短语法
关于介词的固定搭配，在解答试题时，要注意从句子中找出中心词汇，也就是这个词和选项中的词能够构成一个固定搭配，符合句子意思，这样问题就会很快被解决。

如第5题。

3.利用置入法解决介词短语的相关题目
关于介词短语的相关题目，一般采用将介词短语置入句子，并进行逐一翻译的方法。

解决此类题目的关键就是平时多积累相关知识，然后读懂题干的含义。

考点1语境词义辨析
1.Everybody was touched words after they heard her moving story.
A.beyond
B.without
C.of
D.in
答案A
解析beyond words表示“在言语之外”，即不能用言语来表达，也就是“无法形容”了。

句意为：听到她的感人故事之后，他们都感动得无以言表。

2. a stage actor，a film actor must be able to perform small scenes out of sequence and often days apart in time.
A.Including
B.Unlike
C.Regarding
D.Like
答案 B
解析including包括；unlike跟……不一样，不像；regarding关于；like跟……一样。

句意为：与戏剧演员不同，电影演员必须能够在打乱了先后顺序，常常是在相隔几天的情况下拍一些短镜头。

3.The study suggests that the cultures we grow up influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.(2016·浙江，7)
A.on
B.in
C.at
D.about
答案B
解析句意为：该项研究表明，我们成长的文化环境会影响我们看我们周围的世界的基本过程。

in the cultures在……的文化中，为固定搭配，故选B。

4.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea？
(2015·浙江，3) A.about B.to C.with D.over
答案B
解析句意为：你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地的树吗？be home to为固定搭配，意为“是……的栖息地，是……的家园”。

考点归纳
常用介词如in，on，for，with，against，of，beyond，out of，across等含义较多，应全面掌握。

(1)against有“违背，违逆；反对；对……不利；倚；靠；碰撞；预防；衬托”之意。

An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.
看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都反对。

(2)beyond可表示“范围，限度”，意为“超出，为……所不及”。

常用短语：beyond words/description/imagination/belief/one’s reach/one’s control “无法用语言形容/无法用语言描述/难以想象/不能相信/够不着/管不了”。

To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me.
被选为第一位接受此殊荣的人，我实在无法用语言表达自己的感受。

(3)by可表示“程度或增减的幅度”，还可作“按；以……计；依据”讲。

As far as I know，workers are generally paid by the month.
据我所知，工人们的工资通常按月来付。

(4)for有“就……而言；从……来看；达，计；为……”之意。

The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.
我们大多数人最关心的是公共教育的质量问题。

(5)off有“在离……不远处；在沿海的海面”之意。

The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.
威尔旅馆坐落于湖尽头的主干道附近一个非常安静的地方。

(6)across有“横跨”之意。

It can run across water for a distance of several meters，avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water’s surface with its feet.
它可以在水面上跑数米的距离，通过用脚快速拍打水面避免弄湿全身。

(7)on/upon有“刚……就；一……就”之意，后接名词或动词-ing形式。

On/Upon hearing the funny story，everyone burst into laughter.
一听到这个滑稽的故事，大家都哈哈大笑起来。

(8)over可表示时间，意为“在……期间；直到……结束”。

I’m sorry I didn’t phone you，but I’ve been very busy over the past couple of weeks.
很抱歉我没有给您打电话，但是在过去的两周里我一直很忙。

考点2介词短语辨析
1.The special school accepts all disabled students，educational level and background.
A.regardless of
B.according to
C.in addition to
D.in terms of
答案A
解析regardless of 不管，不顾；according to 根据；in addition to除……之外还有；in terms of 就……而言。

句意为：这所特殊的学校接收所有的残疾学生，不管他们的教育水平和背景如何。

2.That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help. ，he’s reliable.(2016·浙江，6)
A.Or else
B.In short
C.By the way
D.For one thing
答案B
解析句意为：那个年轻人诚实而且善于合作，总是在你需要帮助的时候出现。

总之，他是可靠的。

or else否则，要不然；in short总之，简言之；by the way顺便说一下；for one thing 一方面。

根据句意可知答案为B。

3.This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you that if you smoked here you would be fined.(2015·湖北，30)
A.in advance
B.in detail
C.in total
D.in general
答案A
解析句意为：这个会议室是“无烟区”。

我想提前提醒你，如果你在这里吸烟，你将会被罚款。

根据题干中that引导的宾语从句可知，说话者是在“提前”告诉对方这一事实，所以选择in advance。

in detail详细地；in total总共；in general一般来说。

考点归纳
1.几组常见的介词短语
(1)out of＋名词
out of question毫无疑问；out of the question不可能；out of order次序颠倒；out of sight看不见；out of place不合适；out of pity出于同情；out of curiosity出于好奇
(2)in＋名词
in power掌权；in good condition状态良好；in despair绝望地；in public/secret公开地/秘密地；in tears哭泣；in good/bad repair保养得好/不好；in charge负责，掌管；in a hurry 匆忙；in anger 生气；in trouble有困难
(3)in＋名词＋介词
in case of以防万一；in honor of为了纪念……；in favor of支持；in memory of为了纪念……；in charge of负责；in terms of从……角度；in need of需要；in praise of表扬；in view of鉴于；in return for作为对……的回报；in response to对……的答复或反应
(4)under＋名词
under control受控；under attack遭到攻击；under way在进行中；under discussion在讨论；under consideration在讨论/考虑中
(5)at＋名词
at work在工作；at play在玩耍；at dinner在吃饭；at ease轻松，自由自在；at war 在打仗(6)on＋名词
on fire着火；on purpose故意地；on duty值日；on the phone在打电话；on leave在休假；on holiday 在度假；on a walk在散步；on the rise/fall上升/下降；on sale出售；on show/exhibition展出；on business 出差；on one’s way to在去……的路上；on a visit/trip/tour出行
(7)to one’s＋情感名词
to one’s surprise令某人惊讶的是；to one’s joy使某人高兴的是；to one’s disappointment
英语学习讲义
令某人失望的是；to one’s delight使某人高兴的是
2.注意下列短语中介词的用法
for nothing不花钱，免费
come across the room穿过房间
feel like doing sth.想要做某事
get paid by the week按周获得报酬
be particular about...对……苛求、挑剔
with satisfaction满意地
be second to none不输于任何人；不比任何东西差
on one’s own独自地
in great quantity大量地，大批量
in great demand需求量很大
take a turn for the better正朝更好的方向发展
keep an eye on照看，照料
with the help of在……的帮助下
under the leadership of在……的领导下
the article in the newspaper报纸上的文章
a bird in the tree树上的鸟
apples on the tree树上的苹果
tickets for the concert音乐会的票
in the direction of朝着……的方向
from the direction of从……的方向
set an example to sb.给某人树立榜样
3.下列短语中to 为介词
belong to属于
date back to追溯到
look forward to盼望；期望
be addicted to沉溺于
be accustomed to习惯于
be/get used to doing...习惯于做……
be devoted to...致力于……
stick to坚持
1.Cambridge gave a positive answer inquiries on whether it recognized gaokao scores.(2019·南京高三模拟)
A.in favor of
B.in response to
C.in salute to
D.in consequence of
答案B
解析句意为：在回答是否承认高考分数的问题时，剑桥给出了积极的回答。

in favor of支持；in response to回应；in salute to致敬；in consequence of由于……的缘故。

表示“回应”用in response to，故选B。

2.Some experts think，genes，intelligence also depends on an adequate diet，a good education and a nice home environment.
A.instead of
B.except for
C.apart from
D.far from
答案C
解析instead of代替；except for除了；apart from除……之外还；far from远非。

句意为：一些专家认为，除了基因，智力还取决于充足的饮食、良好的教育以及良好的家庭环境。

根据“intelligence also depends on an adequate diet，a good education and a nice home environment”可知此处表示“除……之外还”，故C项正确。

3. modern society’s heavy dependence on fossil fuels for energy，most people are aware that the supply of these fuels is limited.
A.For
B.While
C.Despite
D.As
答案C
解析for因为，为了；while当……时，然而(后面接句子)；despite尽管；as 随着，作为。

句意为：尽管现代社会极度依赖化石燃料作为能源，但大部分人意识到这些燃料的供应是有限的。

句中使用介词短语despite modern society’s heavy dependence on fossil fuels for energy 在句中作状语，表示上下文转折关系。

故C项正确。

4.All the students felt discouraged because the exercise was the abilities of most of the class.
A.under
B.beyond
C.against
D.over
答案B
解析句意为：所有学生都灰心丧气的，因为这个练习超出了班里大多数人的能力。

under 在……下；beyond超出；against反对；over在……之上。

超出某人的能力，用beyond one’s ability，故选B。

5.Word came that 30 firefighters gave their lives to our country national property security.(2019·南京徐州盐城常州四月联考)
A.in exchange for
B.in response to
C.in terms of
D.in contrast with
答案A
解析in exchange for作为……的交换，换取；in response to响应；in terms of依据；in contrast with与……对比。

句意为：消息传来，30名消防员为国家财产安全献出了生命。

根据句意可知，30名消防员用生命换来了国家财产的安全，故A项正确。

6.Member consumers of our store can enjoy some discounts their membership cards when shopping.
A.in celebration of
B.with reference to
C.on presentation of
D.for submission to
答案C
解析in celebration of为庆祝；with reference to关于；on presentation of 展示；for submission to提交给。

句意为：本店会员消费时出示会员卡可享受一定的折扣。

根据句意可知此处表示“展示，出示”，故C项正确。

7.—It is quite me why she gave up such a good chance.
—You can go and ask her yourself.
A.beyond
B.against
C.across
D.through
答案A
解析句意为：——我不懂她为什么放弃这么好的机会。

——你可以自己去问问她。

beyond sb.意为“超出某人能力/理解范围”，符合句意。

8.When I was a young child，I liked lying on the grass in the back yard of my house the starry sky，imagining what was in heaven.
A.beyond
B.beneath
C.across
D.around
答案B
解析句意为：当我是个小孩子的时候，我喜欢躺在我家后院的草地上，在星空下想象着天堂上有些什么。

beneath在……下面，符合语境。

9.In our school，light music is often played classes to make the students entertained and relaxed for 10 minutes.
A.between
B.along
C.among
D.over
答案A
解析句意为：在我们学校，课间经常会放十分钟轻音乐，让学生们娱乐放松。

此处between classes表示“课间(即两课之间)”。

10.We chatted a coffee，and he told me that he had a chance offered to him to experience the world beyond his hometown.
A.with
B.over
C.throughout
D.for
答案B
解析句意为：我们喝着咖啡聊天，他告诉我，有人给他提供了一次机会，(让他)能体验家乡以外的世界。

这里用介词over表示“在……期间”。

强化练(十二)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.The new product is beyond all praise and has quickly taken over the market its superior quality.
A.in terms of
B.on top of
C.on behalf of
D.by virtue of
答案D
解析in terms of就……而言；on top of除……之外；on behalf of代表；by virtue of由于，凭借。

句意为：由于质量过硬，这件新产品受到广泛赞誉，很快就占领了市场。

根据句意可知应该使用“by virtue of”表示原因。

故D项正确。

2.All children should get access to a high-quality education their race，zip code or family income.(2019·扬州高三期末)
A.due to
B.regardless of
C.apart from
D.depending on
答案B
解析due to由于；regardless of不管；apart from且不说；depending on根据。

句意为：所有的孩子都应该获得高质量的教育，无论他们的种族、居住地区和家庭收入如何。

根据句意可知此处表示“无论、不管”，故B项正确。

3.Many of us see reading as an investment in ourselves，so it’s only natural that we want to learn something useful our efforts.
A.in view of
B.in response to
C.in parallel with
D.in return for
答案D
解析句意为：我们很多人把阅读看作对我们自己的投资，因此我们想要学习有用的东西作为我们努力的回报就显得再自然不过了。

in return for作为……的回报，符合语境。

in view of 由于，鉴于；in response to作为对……的回应；in parallel with与……同时。

故选D项。

4.The UK will play a huge role in the Belt and Road countries，not just trade and capital flows，but also people to people flows.
A.in terms of
B.in view of
C.in favor of
D.in regard to
答案A
解析句意为：英国将会在“一带一路”项目中扮演非常重要的角色，不仅仅是在贸易和资金流动方面，也包括人文交流。

in terms of在……方面，就……来说；in view of鉴于，考虑到；in favor of支持；in regard to关于。

根据语境，故选A。

5.According to the company’s rule，one’s payment is the work done，not to the time spent doing it.(2019·如皋高三三模)
A.in proportion to
B.in addition to
C.in contrast to
D.in regard to
答案A
解析句意为：根据该公司的规定，一个人的报酬与所做的工作成比例，而不是与所花的时间成比例。

in proportion to与……成比例；in addition to除……之外(还有，也)；in contrast to 与……形成对照；in regard to关于。

根据题意，故选A。

6.Maybe some of you are curious about what my life was like on the streets because I’ve never really talked about it .(2019·如皋高三二模)
A.in place
B.in turn
C.in force
D.in depth
答案D
解析句意为：也许你们中的一些人对我在街上的生活是什么样子很好奇，因为我从未真正深入地谈论过它。

in place就位，适当的；in turn反过来，轮流地；in force有效地；in depth 深入地，全面地。

根据语境“一些人对我在街上的生活很好奇”，是因为我没有“深入(in depth)”谈论过，故选D。

7.After she became ill，I felt with her—she was cheery while I felt gloomy.
(2019·徐州高三模拟) A.out of tune B.out of breath
C.out of curiosity
D.out of mind
答案A
解析句意为：她病后，我觉得与她格格不入——她高兴而我沮丧。

out of tune格格不入；out of breath上气不接下气；out of curiosity出于好奇心；out of mind心不在焉。

故选A。

8.The naughty boy jumped suddenly the branches，which surprised me a lot.
A.from
B.over
C.from among
D.from above
答案C
解析from among从……的中间/之间，这种现象在英语中叫做双重介词。

根据题意可知选C 项。

句意为：那个淘气的男孩突然从树枝间跳了下来，吓了我一大跳。

9. the problems put forward at the meeting，we must have a further discussion later.
A.As with
B.As from
C.As to
D.As if
答案C
解析as with如同，和……一样，就……而言；as from从……时起；as to谈到，关于，至于；as if好像，似乎。

句意为：关于会议上提出的问题，我们以后必须进一步讨论。

10.Showing a clear attitude the island argument is probably the most important thing we’ll do.
A.supposing
B.including
C.providing
D.concerning
答案D
解析concerning在此句中用作介词，意为“关于”。

句意为：关于岛屿争端表现出清晰的态度可能是我们将要做的最重要的事情。

11. the security challenges in the northern part of Nigeria，many Chinese citizens still do business there and have built strong relationships with the locals.
A.In spite of
B.On account of
C.In case of
D.For lack of
答案A
解析in spite of尽管，虽然；on account of由于，因为；in case of万一；for lack of缺乏。

句意为：尽管尼日利亚北部面临着安全挑战，许多中国公民仍然在那里做生意，并与当地人建立了牢固的关系。

12.People of the highest position，culture and education，have often as great hardships as the common people.
A.in light of
B.in course of
C.in anticipation of
D.in respect of
答案D
解析in light of根据，鉴于；in course of在……过程中；in anticipation of期待，预期；in respect of关于，涉及。

句意为：关于文化和教育方面，地位最高的人往往和普通人一样有很大的困难。

13.Depending on your preferences，you can create a new program and use it the old one.
A.in defense of
B.in place of
C.in spite of
D.in case of
答案B
解析in defense of 为……辩护；in place of代替；in spite of尽管；in case of万一。

句意为：根据你的喜好，你可以创建一个新的程序来代替这个旧的。

14.I went along thinking nothing ，only looking at things around me.
A.in brief
B.in doubt
C.in particular
D.in need
答案C
解析in brief总之，简单地说，简而言之；in doubt有疑问，成问题；in particular尤其，特别；in need需要，缺乏。

句意为：我一路走着，没想什么特别的，只是看看我周围的东西。

15.Any reform of the government should be the popular mood and times.
A.in tune with
B.in preference to
C.in light of
D.in terms of
答案A
解析in tune with 与……协调，与……一致；in preference to优先于……；in light of按照，根据；in terms of根据，就……而言/来说。

句意为：政府的任何改革应该与大众的意愿和时代相一致。

Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2019·镇江高三一模)
Over the past few years，smart home tech has become more and more accessible and it’s increasingly easy to find that you’ve bought a product that includes smart home features.So what does a modern smart home look like，and how can you start building one? You could get to start making your home smarter by the following gadgets.
Ecobee 4
*Measuring both occupancy and temperature，its sensors signal your Ecobee to automatically switch to the right mode.
*It only takes about 30 minutes，thanks to an easy-to-follow installation guide and an in-app step-by-step walkthrough.
*Easily adjust temperature using your voice with built-in Alexa or from wherever you are using your mobile devices.
Amazon Smart Plug
*Amazon Smart Plug works with Alexa to add voice control.
*Schedule lights，fans，and appliances to turn on and off automatically，or control them remotely when you’re away.
*It’s simple to set up and use.Plug in，open Alexa app，and start using your voice.
The Philips Hue White Smart Bulb
*It works with Amazon Alexa to support dimming through voice control.
*Schedule your own custom lighting scenes.Set the smart bulbs to turn on and off at a pre-set time.
*To install，simply screw(拧) the smart bulbs into your desired light location.
*Control smart-bulb-equipped lamps and overhead lights via the Philips Hue App.
August Smart Lock Pro
*It works with Alexa for voice control (Alexa device sold separately).
*Control keyless access.It locks automatically behind you，and unlocks as you approach.
*Install in about 10 minutes with just a screwdriver(螺丝刀).
语篇解读这是一篇说明文。

主要介绍了四种可供家庭安装使用的智能家庭小工具。

16.What do the four gadgets have in common?
eful Philips Hue App.
B.Beautiful lighting scenes.
C.Easy installation and simple set-up.
D.Pleasant temperature.
答案C
解析细节理解题。

通过对比四种小工具介绍内容可知，四种工具都提到了安装便捷，容易设置的特点。

故选C。

17.This passage is intended to .
A.introduce the gadgets of smart home
B.provide advice for home decoration
pare the gadgets with others
D.show the popularity of the gadgets
答案A
解析细节理解题。

第一段最后一句“You could get to start making your home smarter by the following gadgets.”告知了可以开始通过以下的小工具让你的家变得更智能，文章主要介绍了四种智能工具，故文章主要目的是为了介绍这些家庭智能工具。

故选A。

B
Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet，but it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water.Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin，meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year.Recently，Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.
It is a convenient，clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten.To drink it，you can either peel off(剥去) the membrane(薄膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth.To eat it，you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth.One problem the
scientists have run into is how to ship large quantities of Ooho bubbles(泡) without arriving with a very wet truck.However，they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane.It is targeting large outdoor events，such as marathons，music festivals，and sporting events，where tons of plastic bottles are used，and frequently left behind as litter.And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment，which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.
The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Oohos；they have recently applied for a patent for their new advancements.The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet，but it costs about two cents to create a unit，which is cheaper than plastic bottles.The team has also been selling Oohos in London for the past six months at stands.They have appeared at events in London，San Francisco，Boston，at conferences，festivals，and so on.
The Ooho is catching many people’s attention and has raised over $1 million and gained 1,000 investors in only three days.It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumers’ interest while the production machine is increasing and running.It is quickly making a rise，so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.
语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了一种新型的环保储水容器Ooho。

18.What do the figures in Paragraph 1 want to say?
A.America’s plastic waste is a serious problem.
B.America’s plastic recycling has fallen behind.
C.America’s plastic consumption is in great demand.
D.America’s plastic products come in a great variety.
答案A
解析推理判断题。

根据第一段第二句可知，塑料浪费在美国是一个严重的问题。

故选A项。

19.What can we infer about the Ooho from the passage?
A.It hasn’t been put into practical use.
B.It adopts a very complex production process.
C.It is easy and safe to ship in large amounts.
D.It may be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles.
答案D
解析推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段第二句可知，这种储水容器的售价可能会比塑料瓶的低，故选D项。

20.What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of this new invention?
A.Hopeful.
B.Cautious.
C.Doubtful.
D.Worried.
答案A
解析观点态度题。

根据最后一段的内容，尤其是“It is quickly making a rise，so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.”可知，作者认为人们应该期待这种储水容器的未来，由此可推知，作者对这种储水容器的未来是充满希望的。

故选A项。

Ⅲ.任务型阅读
(2019·海安县高三期末)
Robert F.Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile”.With Britain voting to leave the European Union，and GDP already predicted to slow as a result，it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.
The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed(有缺陷的) concept.It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.By most recent measures，the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world，with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everything was going so well，then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit，despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?
A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question.Across the 163 countries measured，the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens.Rather than just focusing on GDP，over 40 different sets of criteria from health，education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.
While all of these countries face their own challenges，there are a number of consistent themes.Yes，there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash，but in key indicators in areas such as health and education，major economies have continued to decline.Yet this isn’t the case with all countries.Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society，income equality and the environment.
This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success，the world looks very different.
So，what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations，as a measure，it is no longer enough.It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes—all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.
The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in
the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being instead of simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.
Title: High GDP But 21. Well-being，a UK Lesson
解析概括词汇题。

根据第二段最后一句“If everything was going so well，then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit，despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects？”可知，如果英国真拥有令人羡慕的低失业率和高增长数据的话，为什么还有那么多英国民众不顾本国经济前景而支持英国脱欧呢？由此可知，英国虽然拥有高GDP，但是英国民众的幸福感不足，修饰名词well-being用形容词，故填Inadequate。

22.答案what
解析转换词汇题。

根据第一段中的“Robert F.Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures ‘everything except that which makes life worthwhile’.”可知，罗伯特认为，GDP 衡量了除了让生活有意义以外的所有东西，从句中缺少主语，故填what。

23.答案counts/matters
解析原文词汇题。

根据第二段第三句“It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.”可知，GDP衡量的是无关紧要的东西，而忽略了真正重要的东西，故填counts/matters。

24.答案success
解析原文词汇题。

根据倒数第三段中的“When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success，the world looks very different.”可知，GDP被视为衡量一个国家成功与否的唯一标准受到民众的广泛质疑，故填success。

25.答案employment
解析转换词汇题。

根据第二段倒数第二句可知，英国的高GDP显示出其低失业率，即高就业率，故填employment。

26.答案poorly
解析转换词汇题。

根据第三段中的“Across the 163 countries measured，the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens.”可知，在确保经济增长转化为对本国居民有意义的改善方面，英国是表现得最差的国家之一，修饰动词transformed用副词，故填poorly。

27.答案performance
解析转换词汇题。

根据第三段中的“Rather than just focusing on GDP，over 40 different sets of criteria from health，education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.”可知，人们不仅关注GDP，还衡量了来自卫生、教育和公民社会参与等40多套不同标准，以更全面地评估各国的表现，故填performance。

28.答案varieties/ranges
解析转换词汇题。

根据第三段中的“over 40 different sets of criteria from health，education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how。