2019版高三英语外研版一轮教师用书：第2部分 专题3 代词和介词 Word版含解析

专题三代词和介词
一、代词
[全国卷考情分析]
(对应学生用书第251页)
[先试做题组]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2016·北京高考)We are very proud of ourselves(we) and believe we can do more for a better world. 【导学号：44040121】
2．(2017·江西九江一模)We valued every chance we could to keep us(we) both on the right track.
Ⅱ.单句改错
(2016·四川高考)When he came back，I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.
her→his [再解读要点]
1．人称代词
人称代词有主格(I，we，they，he，she，it)和宾格(me，us，them，him，her，it)等之分。

主格在句中作主语；宾格用在及物动词或介词后作宾语，也可作表语
或同位语。

To really understand a man we must judge him in misfortune.只有在不幸时才能真正了解一个人。

2．物主代词
形容词性物主代词(my，your，his，her，its，our，your，their)相当于形容词，在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语，不能单独使用。

名词性物主代词(mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，yours，theirs)相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，可单独作主语、表语和宾语，也可与of连用作后置定语，但不能单独作定语。

(朗文辞典)The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that ours are bigger.我们的大脑和猴子的大脑之间的主要差别在于我们的要大些。

3．反身代词
(1)反身代词(myself，ourselves，yourself，yourselves，themselves，himself，herself，itself)在句中可用作宾语或表语、同位语。

还可以作名词或代词的同位语，加强语气，表示“亲自，本人”的意思。

(上海高考)If our parents do everything for us children，we won't learn to depend on ourselves.
如果我们的父母为我们孩子们做一切，我们就无法学会独立。

(2)含有反身代词的习惯用语
by oneself单独地，独自地for oneself亲自，为自己
seat oneself 坐下behave oneself 举止得体
say to oneself心里想talk to oneself自言自语
enjoy oneself 过得愉快devote oneself to 致力于
help oneself to 随便吃；随便用apply oneself to 专心致志于
make yourself at home 不拘束
come to oneself恢复知觉；苏醒过来
adapt/adjust oneself to适应于
abandon oneself to沉迷于，放纵于
express oneself 表达某人的思想
lose oneself in (＝be lost in)迷失
[先试做题组]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I don't like this room.I'm going to ask for another．
2．(2017·山西太原二诊)Both teams were in hard training; neither was willing to lose the game.
Ⅱ.单句改错
(2017·江西六校联考)Failure is part of our life.Somebody has achieved great success without lots of failures.Somebody→Nobody
[再解读要点]
1．all，both，either，any，none，neither
，but neither contained any useful suggestions.
以这个调查为基础，研究团队做了两个报告，但是两个都不包含任何有用的建议。

(江西高考)—When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon？——我什么时候(给你)打电话方便，上午还是下午？
—Either.I'll be in all day.
——都可以，我将一整天都在家。

2．none，nothing，no one/nobody
尽管这个答案好像有点奇怪，但是除了我之外没人怀疑它的正确性。

(2015·四川高考)Niki is always full of ideas，but none is useful to my knowledge.尼基点子总是很多，但是据我所知，没有一个是有用的。

bare foot against the other.为了暖和自己，那个海员坐在火堆前，两只光脚丫互相
蹭着。

(福建高考)In some countries，people eat with chopsticks，while in others，knives and forks.
在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在另外一些国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。

[先试做题组]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·湖南衡阳八中、永州四中联考)I was conscious all the time when I was flying through the air，and it seemed a long time.
2．(2017·安徽望江中学月考)He admitted that when it comes to repairing a computer，he had little knowledge of it. 【导学号：44040122】
Ⅱ.单句改错
Sometimes we may find difficult to follow the teacher and some slow learners may even give up learning English.在find后加it
[再解读要点]
1．指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等，也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象。

还指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。

(北京高考)The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase it.
由于当地政府的努力，大城市的就业率不断上升。

易错警示
替代词(it，that，one)的用法区别
2．it用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。

(天津高考)It is obvious to the students that they should get well prep ared for their future.
对学生来说非常清楚的是他们应该为他们的将来做好准备。

(山东高考)The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.这两个女孩长得很像，陌生人很难把她们区分开来。

3．含有it的常考短语或句型：
(1)It depends.视情况而定。

Take it easy.别着急。

believe it or not信不信由你
make it成功，做到，约定时间
as someone puts it像某人所说的那样
When it comes to...当涉及/谈到……
keep it in mind that...把……铭记在心
(2) It's (high) time that sb.should do/did sth.是某人该做某事的时候了。

It's the first/second/...time that sb.have/has done sth.是某人第一次/二次/……次做某事。

It is/has been...since...自从……多久了。

It will be/was...before...要过……时间才……
It is/was＋时间点＋when...当……时候，时间是……
(3)It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...
[技法点拨]
二、介词[全国卷考情分析]
(对应学生用书第254页)
[先试做题组]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·北京高考)Many people who live along the coast make a living in fishing industry.
2．(2017·河北武邑中学一调)It's of great urgency that we need to make the relative laws，with the rapid growth of online shopping.
Ⅱ.单句改错
(2017·皖南八校联考)It was almost at 10：30 p．m.，when a family who had attended the same wedding passed by in their car.去掉at
[再解读要点]
1．表示时间的介词
an hour.
Jane很着急，因为去机场的火车半小时后出发。

(安徽高考)In Britain，it's not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast.
在英国，早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。

狗跳过几丛灌木看到小溪。

(上海高考)The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.
阳光透过天窗，照亮了整个房间。

3．表示方式的介词
表示使用的工具、手段、材料时，with，by，in，on都意为“用”。

with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官；by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具；in指使用某种语言、笔墨等；on 多用于固定词组中。

by train乘火车；on the radio通过收音机；on TV通过电视；with a pencil 用铅笔
4．表示“除……之外”的介词(短语)
traditional Fujian dishes.
除了优质的服务外，这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。

for，because of，due to，thanks to，owing to，on account of，as a result of (浙江高考)The open-air celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.
因为天气不好，这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。

(上海高考)Owing to bad weather，the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.
由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。

她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。

(福建高考)Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.
任何司机如被发现饮酒超限都会被指控。

[先试做题组]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
(2017·天津高考)We offer an excellent education to our students.In return，we expect students to work hard.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2017·江西南昌调研)Under his help，we have learned immediately how to analyze and settle problems.Under→With
2．(2017·甘肃重点中学协作体联考)Because the help you gave me that summer，my life changed.Because后加of 【导学号：44040123】
[再解读要点]
高考中的语法填空和短文改错将更加注重对介词短语及搭配的考查，介词与名词、形容词与介词、动词与介词形式的搭配是高考考查的难点。

常考介词短语及固定搭配有：
1．与名词的搭配
at a time每次，一次at a loss 困惑，不知所措
at first sight乍一看at table在吃饭
by mistake错误地by the way顺便说
in charge主管，看管in return作为回报
in turn依次，转而in shape健康状况良好
in trouble 处于困境中on purpose故意地
on holiday在度假in time及时，迟早
on time准时on average 平均
in honour of为了纪念……in place of代替
in memory of为纪念……in addition to 除了
by hand 手工on the contrary相反地
on account of 由于on behalf of 代表approach to ……的方法visit to 到……的访问
for the sake of为了by means of 借助
reason for ……的原因(a) lack of 缺乏……
by accident/chance 偶然
beyond one's reach够不着
in advance在前头，事先，预先
in the long run从长远来看
beyond description 无法形容
out of breath/balance上气不接下气/失去平衡
to one's surprise/astonishment令某人惊奇/吃惊的是
under construction/consideration在建设/考虑
at the cost of 以……为代价
in support/favor of支持，支援
in terms/view of鉴于，根据
for the purpose of 为了……目的
for the benefit of为了……的利益
on the way to在去……的路上
on the basis of 以……为基础
2．与动词的搭配
answer for 对……负责apply for申请
call at 拜访(地点) refer to 谈到；涉及；查阅result from 由于suffer from遭受
approve of赞成complain of 抱怨
consist of 由……组成dream of 梦到
think of 想起；考虑到call on 拜访(某人)
depend/rely on 依靠result in/lead to导致belong to 属于date from/back to 追溯到keep/prevent/stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做……protect...from 保护……不受伤害
succeed in 在……方面成功
3．与形容词的搭配
be aware of 意识到be proud of 以……为荣
be tired of厌倦be angry with sb.对……生气be eager for 渴望be absent from 缺席
be ashamed of对……感到羞耻
be sure of 对……有信心；确信
be familiar with sth.熟悉……
be familiar to sb.为……所熟悉
be patient with 对……有耐心
be pleased/satisfied with 对……满意
be popular with sb.受……欢迎
be strict with sb.对……严格
be addicted to 对……上瘾；沉溺于
be available to 对……可用；可供……使用
be beneficial to 对……有益处
be devoted to 致力于，献身于
be similar to 与……相似
be confident in 对……有信心
be anxious about/for 忧虑，担心
be crazy about 热衷；着迷
be curious about 对……好奇
be particular about 挑剔
be suitable for/to适合于
4．其他搭配
far from 远非once in a while 偶尔
up to 达到；由……决定in spite of 尽管；虽然after all 毕竟，终究
ahead of (时间，空间)在……前面；领先
5．易错用的介词
with the help of在……的帮助下
under the leadership of在……的领导下
the article in the newspaper报纸上的文章
a hole in the wall 墙上的洞
a bird in the tree树上的鸟
apples on the tree树上的苹果
tickets for the concert音乐会的票
in the direction of朝着……的方向
set an example to sb.给某人树立榜样
[技法点拨]
[核心考点针对练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·陕西宝鸡九校联考)Equipped with modern facilities，today's hospitals are quite different from those of the past.
2．(2017·三门峡市考前适应性训练)She remembered how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.
3．(2017·浙江杭州质检二)Exams cannot measure everything a child has achieved，so we should let students know there is much more to them than their test
scores.
4．(2017·河北沧州质检)They do it because the platform allows their voice to be heard and constantly encourages them to improve themselves(they)．
5．(2017·丹东市总复习测试)When Monday came，she arrived at school in Colorado，only to be told that her new hair style was against the school rules.
6．(2017·长春外国语学校模拟)Nowadays，with the development of technology，online shopping is becoming more and more convenient.
7．(2017·广西桂林中学模拟)White fat stores extra energy，which results in weight gain.
8．She'd lived in London and Manchester，but she liked neither and moved to Cambridge.
9．Mary and her sister got into the water and helped pull the boat and its 20 people on board to safety.
10．He sat down at an empty table and waited for someone to take his order.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2017·河北河南省级联考)The rest find their happiness in some activities like assisting of others and taking part in their favorite sports.
去掉of 2．(2017·河南中原名校质检)By the contrary，the others regard exercise as an inseparable part of the students' daily life.By→On
3．Global warming is having a great effect at hundreds of plant and animal species around the world，changing some living patterns.
at→on 【导学号：44040124】4．(陕西高考)I'd appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
在if前加it 5．(2017·云贵川百校联考)But it's difficult for me to decide what activities we should organize and how to plan it.
it→them
[高考题型综合练]
短文改错
(2017·云南省第一次统一检测)Last winter vacation，my parents and I went back to our hometown，where I spend my childhood.Walking slow in the quiet small town reminded me of the good old day.I went from street to street，in the search of my childhood footprints.Suddenly，I found me at the gate of the primary school on which I studied for six years.As I entered，I was surprised find that the old classroom building was gone.But it was filling with my childhood memories! I felt such sad that tears ran down my cheeks.It was just like the feeling I had while a good friend left me forever.
【答案】
Last winter vacation，my parents and I went back to our hometown，where I
spend
spent my childhood.Walking
slow
slowly in the quiet small town reminded me of the
good old day
days.I went from street to street，in ﹨
the search of my childhood
footprints.Suddenly，I found
me
myself at the gate of the primary school
on
in which I
studied for six years.As I entered，I was surprised ∧
to find that the old classroom
building was gone.But it was filling
filled with my childhood memories! I felt
such
so sad
that tears ran down my cheeks.It was just like the feeling I had while
when a good friend
left me forever.
【导学号：44040125】。