理想状态——心流

理想状态——心流
1.Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi coined the term “flow” in the 1970s.
心理学家米哈里·契克森米哈里于20世纪70年代创造了“心流”这个术语。

2.He defines it as “a state in which people are so involved in an activity that nothing else seems to matter; the experience is so enjoyable that people will continue to do it even at great cost, for the sheer sake of doing it.”
他将其定义为“一种状态，人们全身心投入到一项活动中，其他一切似乎都无关紧要;这种体验是如此令人愉快，即使付出巨大代价，人们也会继续这样做，仅仅就是为了这样做。

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3.Csiksze ntmihalyi wrote that during flow, “concentration is so intense that there is no attention left over to think about anything irrelevant or to worry about problems. Self-consciousness disappears, and the sense of time becomes distorted.”
契克森米哈利写道，在心流状态中，“注意力高度集中，没有多余的注意力去想任何无关的事情或担心问题。

”自我意识消失，时间感扭曲。

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4.Unfortunately, the trap of flow is that you can’t find it in just any task.
不幸的是，心流的问题就在于在任何任务中都无法找到它。

5.According to Csikszentmihalyi, flow requires several components, which he calls “the elements of enjoyment.”
根据契克森米哈利的说法，心流需要几个组成部分，他称之为“享受的元素”。

5.For one, the task at hand must be “autotelic”—that is, it must be done for its own reward.
首先，手头的任务必须是“自发的”——也就是说，它必须是为了自己本身的回报而完成的。

6.Doing something for the sake of getting rewarded (like completing tasks for a paycheck) is not autotelic.
而为了获得奖励而做某事(比如为了薪水而完成任务)并不是自发的。

7.Unfortunately, this requirement pretty much rules out what most people do for most of their working lives.
不幸的是，这个要求基本上就排除了大部分人为了生计所做的工作了。

8.Flow-inducing tasks also require “clear goals and provide immediate feedback.”
诱导心流的任务也需要“明确的目标并提供即时反馈”。

9.Again, that doesn’t translate well to hard work, for which getting immediate feedback is rare.
同样，这也不能很好地适用于努力工作的情况，因为很难得到即时反馈。

10.Slaving away on a task that takes a long time to complete means feedback is inherently delayed.
埋头苦干一项需要很长时间才能完成的任务意味着反馈必然会延迟。

11.Flow is great when you can get it.
如果能进入“心流”的状态当然是很棒的。

12.But the price of relying too much on flow is that when you can’t find it, you’re more likely to succumb to the vicious cycle of distraction—a horrible loop of frustration and perpetual time scarcity.
但过度依赖“心流”的代价是，当你找不到它时，你更有可能陷入分心的恶性循环——一个令人恐惧的在沮丧和永久的时间短缺之间进行的循环。

13.Distraction is an unhealthy escape from bad feelings or
“internal triggers.”
分心是一种逃避坏感觉或“内在诱因”的不健康方式。

14.If you feel anxious, restless, or poorly qualified for a task, for example, those internal triggers may drive you to pick up your smartphone to scroll through Instagram or check the news in order to forget that feeling for a while.
例如，如果你感到焦虑、不安或无法胜任一项任务，这些内在的触发因素可能会驱使你拿起智能手机浏览照片墙或查看新闻，以便暂时忘记这种感觉。

15.Likewise, a task that is not inherently engaging and enjoyable can elicit the internal triggers that lead us off track.
同样地，一项并不具有内在吸引力和乐趣的任务也会引发内在的触发因素，导致我们偏离轨道。

16.That’s why we can’t make flow a precondition to getting things done.
这就是为什么我们不能把心流作为完成任务的先决条件。