初中英语 牛津上海版9A非谓语动词讲解及练习

◆非谓语基本知识
1、概念
非谓语是非谓语动词的简称，是指在句子中不作谓语的动词。

2、分类
◆不定式句法功能
1、不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时，为了避免句子“头重脚轻“，用it作形式主语，而把真正的不定式主语后置。

常考句型有：
(1)It is/was + adj. + for/of sb. + to do sth.
注意：当形容词用来修饰to do sth这件事时，用for，意为“做某事对于某人来说怎么样”
当形容词用来修饰sb.时，用of，意为“某人做某事怎么样”
e.g. It’s important for us to learn English well. 学好英语对我们来说很重要。

It’s so kind of you to say so. 你这样说真是太好了。

(2)It is/was + n. + (for sb.) + to do sth.
e.g. It was a bad way to ride there. 骑自行车去那里不是个好办法。

(3) It took/cost sb…+to do sth.
e.g. It took me two hours to finish my work yesterday. 昨天我用了两个小时才
【练一练】
1. It’s difficult for me to finish this task in two hours. 在两小时之内完成这个任务对我来说很难。

2. It’s so nice of you to help me. 你能帮我真是太好了。

3. It’s an honour for me to speak here. 能在这儿演讲是我的荣幸。

4. It cost me 50 yuan to repair my bike. 我花了50元修自行车。

2、不定式作宾语
不定式作宾语主要有以下三组用法，中考主要考查对以下三组用法中动词的识别：
(1)动词+不定式，如：I want to learn English.
(2)动词+疑问词+不定式，如：I don’t know how to learn English.
(3)动词+it+不定式(it作形式宾语)，如：I find it interesting to learn English.
详解：
(1)动词+不定式。

适用于该用法的常考动词有：
hope, wish, want, expect, would like, agree, promise, refuse, manage, learn, decide, pretend, choose, fail...
e.g. Detective Ken decided to interview Jill and Jenny.
Mr. Jones failed to get the insurance money.
(2)动词+疑问词+不定式。

适用于该用法的常考动词有：
know, forget, remember, explain, discuss, wonder, teach, learn, show, ask, tell...
e.g. I don’t know what to do. 我不知道该做什么。

Let’s discuss where to go first. 咱们讨论一下先去哪里。

(3)动词+it+不定式(it作形式宾语)。

适用于该用法的常考动词有：find, think, make.
e.g. We find it difficult to learn written Chinese. 我们发现学习中国文字很难。

I think it easy to answer this question. 我认为回答这个问题很简单。

We made it a rule to clean the classroom every day. 我们把每天打扫教室设为规矩了。

1.I hope to be admitted to Beijing University. 我希望我能被北京大学录取。

2.She told me where to find the shop. 她告诉我哪里可以找到那个商店。

3.I find it easy to make the little baby smile. 我发现逗小宝宝笑很容易。

3、不定式作宾补
不定式作宾补有两种形式，即：带to不定式，不带to不定式
(1)主+谓+宾+to do sth. 适用于该用法的常考动词有：
advise, ask, tell, help, wish, want, like, expect, teach, warn, invite, allow...
e.g. I advised them to arrive early.
They didn’t invite May to join them.
(2)主+谓+宾+do sth. 适用于该用法的常考动词有：“吾看三室两厅有感觉”
感官动词：“五看”see,notice, watch, look at, observe; “两听”hear, listen to; “一感觉”feel.
使役动词：“三室”make, have, let
e.g. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night. =They were made to work the whole night.
注意：在主动语态里省掉的to，在被动语态中不能省。

【练一练】
1.Mr Jones expected the insurance company to pay him 300,000 dollars for the vase.
Mr. Jones希望保险公司因丢失的花瓶付给他30万美元。

2.Do your parents allow you to go out in the night? 你父母允许你晚上出去吗？
3.I heard my neighbor sing just now. 我刚听到邻居唱歌。

4、不定式作表语
当主语是抽象名词如suggestion, dream, question, decision...时，用不定式作表语对抽象名词进行解释说明e.g. My suggestion is to leave right now.
5、不定式作定语
不定式作定语需后置，对名词进行补充说明性质的限定修饰。

e.g. Pansy made a promise to write an article on detectives.
I have lots of homework to do.
6、不定式作状语
I’m sorry to hear that. （原因）
Tom is too young to go to school. （结果）
To get to work, he takes No.7 bus every day. （目的）
中考中，常对不定式作结果状语和目的状语进行考查，考查题型多为：句型转换。

涉及知识点：
(1) 结果状从：“too + adj. /adv. + to do”= “so…that…”= “not…enough to do sth.” 表示“太...而不能”
e.g. The girl is too young to go to school.
= The girl is so young that she can’t go to school.
=The girl is not old enough to go to school.
(2) 目的状从：in order to do sth.= so as to do sth= so that+从句. 表示“为了...”
e.g. In order to achieve my dream, I must study hard.
= I must study hard so as to achieve my dream.
= I must study hard so that i can achieve my dream.
注意：in order to 置于句首句中都可以，而so as to和so that只能置于句中。

7、不定式常考易错
中考中，常对后接省to不定式的动词短语进行考查，学生极易惯性犯错。

这样的常考短语有：
had better, would rather, will/would do please, do nothing but, why not等。

e.g. I would rather go there alone. 我宁愿与一个人去那里。

You’d better finish all the homework today. 你最好今天就完成所有家庭作业。

We can do nothing but wait. 除了等我们什么也做不了。

would please help me carry the heavy box? 你能帮我抬一下这个重重的箱子吗？
Why not go to see grandma with your parents? 为什么不跟父母一起去看奶奶呢？
课堂练习
I．Fill in the blanks with the verbs given in their proper forms（用所给动词的正确形式填空）
1. Father will not allow us ______________ computer games all the time. (play)
2. Stories in the cartoons often give a little lesson about ______________ good or doing the right thing. (be)
3. Could you give me some advice about how ______________ English well? (learn)
4. All of us went to the USA, but she ______________in China. (prefer, stay)
5. Our teacher is energetic. She never ______________tired. (feel)
6. You had better ______________ a newspaper before the film ______________. (buy, begin)
7. I’m sorry to ______________ you so much trouble. (give)
8. Scientists think anything man puts into space should _____________to come back to earth when its work is done. (make)
9. There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which ____________. (buy)
10.Since then many countries ______________ Olympics, such as England, France, Germany, Canada, the USA, Spain and Australia. (hold)
II. Rewrite the following sentences as required(根据要求改写下列句子，每空格限填一词)
1. They raised a huge amount of money for the poor．（改为被动语态）
A huge amount of money __________ __________ for the poor by them.
2.He purchased a iPad mini 4for 3,588yuan.（保持原句意思基本不变）
He __________ 3,588 yuan __________ a iPad mini 4.
3.The necklace costs$8,500, and the bracelet costs $8,000.（保持原句意思基本不变）The bracelet is __________ __________ than the necklace.
4.He went to the hospital to have a checkup on eyesight.（就划线部分提问）
__________ __________he go to the hospital __________?
5.He won’t make the same mistake again, I think.（保持原句意思基本不变）
I __________ __________ he __________ __________ the same mistake again.
6.He missed the early bus this morning.（保持原句意思基本不变）
He __________ __________ catch the early bus this morning.
7.Mrs. White told Tom that he mustn't throw paper on the ground.（保持原句意思基本不变）
Mrs. White told Tom __________ __________ throw paper on the ground.
8.The robber has been put in jail for five years.（保持原句意思基本不变）
The robber has been __________ __________ for five years.
9.The judge needed some proof.（改为反意疑问句）
The judge needed some proof, __________ __________?
10.John didn’t go to the cinema. He watched TTV at home.（保持原句意思基本不变）John watched TV at home __________ __________ going to the cinema.
III. Choose the best answer. (选择正确的答案填空)
1.--Would you like to go to the cinema with us tonight?
--Thank you, but I would rather ______ at home and watch the Realty Show on TV.
A. stay
B. to stay
C. staying
D. stayed
2.Many young people spend much of their spare time ______ online.
A. chat
B. to chat
C. chatting
D. chatted
3.The little girl refused _____ the medicine because it was too bitter.
A. take
B. taking
C. to taking
D. to take
4.I have just finished _____ the review of the film I saw yesterday.
A. write
B. writing
C. to writing
D. to write
5.Many students enjoy ________ on line instead of reading books nowadays.
A. chat
B. chatted
C. chatting
D. to chat
6.Keep _____ reading English regularly, your reading skills will be improved
quickly.
A. practice
B. practicing
C. to practice
D. practiced
7.The students plan to spend at least three weeks _____ for the art festival.
A. prepare
B. to prepare
C. preparing
D. will prepare
8.All the factories are not allowed _____ the harmful gas into the air.
A. released
B. release
C. releasing
D. to release
9.The weather report has warned people _____ outdoor exercise in hazy caught.
A. not do
B. to not do
C. not to do
D. not doing
10.The drunk driver didn’t remember _______ the old lady after being caught.
A. knock down
B. to knock down
C. knocking down
D. knocked down
11.Mr Jones expected the insurance company ____ him much money for the vase.
A. paid
B. paying
C. to pay
D. pays
12.Many schools in Shanghai introduce oral lessons to offer the students more
chances to practise_____ English.
A. speaking
B. to speak
C. speak
D. spoke
13.Our government enables us ______ home safely when we’re in trouble, wherever
we are.
A. go
B. going
C. goes
D. to go
14.A fter many years’ hard work, the twins made up their minds ______ a restaurant
of their own.
A. open
B. opening
C. opened
D. to open
15.T he volunteers were busy _______ the old people in the nursing home do some
cleaning.
A. help
B. helping
C.helped
D. to help
16.Finally, the suspect admitted _____ the necklace in the shop.
A. stealing
B. to steal
C. stole
D. steal
17.Pansy made a promise _____ an article on detectives.
A. write
B. to write
C. writing
D. wrote
18.With Internet Plus business, it’s popular for us _______ the bill online in China.
A. pay
B. paid
C. paying
D. to pay
19.You had better _________ questions in class when there is something you can’t
understand.
A. ask
B. asked
C. asking
D. to ask
20.The suspect’s friend denies _______him destroy evidence.
A. help
B. helped
C. helping
D. to help
21.The government made a promise _______ medical care and social security
strong.
A. keep
B. to keep
C. keeping
D. to keeping
22.In my opinion, it is never a good idea to let your pet ________whatever it wants.
A. eat
B. ate
C. to eat
D. eating
23.Mary asked, “Would you mind my ________ the window?”
A. open
B. to open
C. opened
D. opening
24.We are very delighted ________ you here in Shanghai.
A. to meet
B. met
C. meet
D. meeting
25.It is relaxing a shower after a day’s hard work.
A. take
B. taking
C. to take
D. taken
IV. Fill in the blanks with proper words.
Have you ever eaten at a restaurant that serves Western
food? If so, do you remember what the menu looked like?
Western restaurant menus are quite different from Chinese
restaurant menus. But how are they different?
Most Western restaurant menus do not have as many p__81__ as Chinese ones do. In some fancy Western restaurants, the menus might not have any pictures at all.
But most Western menus show a list of ingredients for each dish. If you order a burger, the menu might tell you that the burger has cheese, ketchup and mustard（芥末）. The menu can also tell you how the food is cooked—for example, w__82__ it is fried or steamed.
Western restaurants use many different methods to design their menus and make them more a__83__. In fact, there is a whole industry called “menu engineering”, according to the BBC. Menu engineers are experts at designing menus. Their menus can i__84__ sales and influence customers’ thoughts.
A well-designed menu can encourage customers to eat certain dishes. It can e__85__ make them believe that your restaurant’s food is of higher quality, thought they might haven’t eaten the food.
For example, using descriptive（描述性的）words l__86__ “juicy” or “cheesy” can help dishes sell better. Instead of just writing “steak” in their menu, a restaurant might write “sizzling steak”. This makes the steak sound more delicious.
Also, it is k__87__ that people pay the most attention to items placed at the top of a page. This is the best place for dishes that you want to promote.
As you can see, menus are not just simple lists of food
Keys:
课堂练习
I.1. to play 2. being 3. to learn 4. preferred to stay 5. feels 6. buy, begins
7. have given 8. be made 9. to buy 10. have held
II.1. was raised 2. spent, on/paid, for 3. $500 cheaper 4. What did, for
5. don’t think, will make
6. failed to
7. not to
8. in jail/in prison
9. didn't he 10. instead of
III. 1-5 CACDB 6-10 CBCDC 11-15 CCADC 16-20 DBABD 21-29 ACBAC DAAC
IV. 81. people 82. whether 83. attractive 84. increase 85. even 86. like 87. Known
11。