高考英语 常考基本词汇讲解讲义

落堕市安心阳光实验学校高考常考基本词汇讲解讲义系列（十二）
重点单词详解
1．attach vt.&vi. 贴上；系；附上；使依恋
attach sth to sth 将某物系在 / 附在……上
attach to 贴上；附上；依恋；依赖
attach oneself to 依附
attach importance to 认为……重要
1)They have ________a number conditions to the agreement. 他们在协议上附加了一些条件。

2)He ________labels to his luggage. 他把标签贴在行李上。

3)Don't ________your cow to the tree, for it's too young. 别把母牛系在这树上，它太小了。

4)No blame _____him for the accident. 这次事故不应该责怪他。

5)She ________herself to the university where she had worked for nearly 40 years. 她对那所大学依依不舍，在那工作了近四十年。

6)I'm greatly ________to the children. 我非常喜爱这些孩子。

【答案】1)attached 2)attached 3)attach 4)attaches to 5)attached 6)attached
(1)用attach 的相关短语填空
1)How can you attach the blame ________this accident ________the taxi driver.2)The horse ________to the tree belongs to Lao Wang.
3)The hospital ________ ________ ________ the university.
4)They ________ great ________ ________ (重视) the project.
【答案】1)for；to 2)attached / fastened /tied 3)is attached to 4)attach; importance to
(2)名校押题
The government is ________to everyone to save energy to carry out the construction of “two－oriented society”(两型社会)in Wuhan and other circle cities.
A．attaching B．adapting C．adjusting D．Appealing
【答案与解析】 D attach to“附属；归因于”；adapt“使适应”；
adjust“调整”；appeal“呼吁”。

根据题意“政府呼吁大家节约能源……”，应选D项。

2．conduct vt. 指挥；带领；进行；实施n．举止；行为
conductor n. 指挥；售票员；列车长；导体
conduct sb to some place 把某人领到某地
conduct a survey / an interview / an experiment 进行调查 / 面试 / 实验
conduct sb around some place ＝ show sb around 带某人参观
1)We're ________ a survey of new employees to find out what influenced them to choose our company. 我们正在对新员工进行调查，为了弄清楚是什么使他们选择了我们的公司。

2)On arrival, I was ________ into the boss's room. 一到那里，我就被带到老板的办公室。

3)He is famous for his good ________. 他因为良好的操守而远近闻名。

【答案】1)conducting 2)conducted 3)conduct
(1)用conduct的适当形式填空
1)Who is to ________the concert this evening?
2)The economic impact study was ________ by a group of specially selected MBA students at the University of Kansas.
3)—How do you find the concert in the Beijing Ground Theatre last night?—I don't think much of it. But the ________ was perfect.
4)The interview was ________ in English.
【答案】1)conduct 2)conducted 3)conductor 4)conducted
(2)名校押题
A survey ________ by scientists shows that more and more young men
________ work after senior school.
A．conducted; go to B．conducting; goes to C．conducted; going to D．to conduct; go to
【答案与解析】 A conducted 作后置定语。

根据主句时态show可知从句也用一般时，故用go。

3．consider vt.考虑；认为
consider doing sth 考虑做某事
consider ＋ it ＋补语＋ to do sth 认为做某事是……considering prep. 考虑到；鉴于
consideration n．考虑；必须考虑的事
considerable adj. 值得考虑的；重大的
considerate adj. 体贴的；考虑周到的
1)Li Bai was ________ a great poet in history of China. 李白被认为是中国历史上一名伟大的诗人。

2)They are considering when ________ ________ the meeting. 他们正在考虑什么时候开会。

3)They'll have to consider ________ they can afford it or not. 他们将不得不考虑是否有条件这么做。

4)I consider John ________ a good assistant. 我认为约翰是一个好助手。

【答案】1) considered 2)to hold 3)whether 4)as (to be)
(1)用consider的适当形式填空
1)All things ________， the composition is good.
2)We ________that you are not to blame.
3)It's ________colder this evening.
4)It was ________of you not to play the piano.
【答案】1)considered 2)consider 3)considerably 4)considerate (2)名校押题
_______everything into consideration, the result is better than ________ A．Taking; expected B．Taken; expected C．To take; expecting D．Taking; expecting
【答案与解析】 A 考查非谓语动词。

taking...into consideration是插入语，than之后省略了it is。

题意：如果全面考虑的话，结果比预料的好。

4．digest vt.消化(食物)；完全理解；彻底领悟vi.被消化n. ；文摘digestion n．[U]消化；吸收；领悟 [C](通常作单数)消化能力；消化力have a good / poor digestion 消化力很强/弱
1)I struggled to ________ what he said.我费力地琢磨他所说的话。

2)Fruits ________ easily.水果容易消化。

【答案】1)digest 2)digest
(1)完成句子
This is a ________ of the week' news. 这是一周的新闻。

【答案】 digest
(2)名校押题
Don't feed meat to the baby; he is too small to ________it.
A．digest B．drink C．taste D．grasp
【答案与解析】 A 题意：不要喂婴儿吃肉，他太小，消化不了。

digest“消化”，符合题意。

5．abuse vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂；伤害n. 滥用；辱骂；谩骂；虐待
a child abuser 虐待儿童者
a drug abuser 嗜毒者
abusive adj. 辱骂的；恶语的；毁谤的
1)Several of the children had been physically______. 这些孩子中有几个受到过身体上的虐待。

2)It is easy to ________ one's power. 权力容易被滥用。

3)The crowd started ________ him after he failed to save a goal. 他没能救起那个球，遭到观众的辱骂。

4)Drug abuse and alcohol ________ contributed to his early death. 他的过早离世是滥用和酗酒造成的。

【答案】1)abused 2)abuse 3)abusing 4)abuse
(1)完成句子
William ________ the trust the film showed in him. 威廉辜负了公司对他的信任。

【答案】abused
(2)名校押题
He ________ his position as the general manager by giving jobs to his friends.
A．abused B．cheated C．defeated D．rejected
【答案与解析】 A abuse one's position“滥用职权”。

6．tolerate vt.容许；容忍；忍受
后接名词或动名词，相当于bear, stand或put up with。

1)I can't ________ that rude fellow. 我不能容忍那个粗鲁的家伙。

2)We don't ________ smoking in the library. 我们不容许在图书馆里抽烟。

3)The human body cannot ________ such large amounts of radiation. 人体经不住那么大量的辐射。

【答案】1)tolerate 2)tolerate 3)tolerate
(1)完成句子
I don't know how you can ________ that noise! 我不知道你怎么能忍受那样的噪音！
【答案】tolerate
(2)名校押题
To prevent fires, smoking is strictly________in the factory.
A.preserved B．forbidden C．ignored D．tolerated
【答案与解析】 B 考查动词。

forbid “禁止”，符合题意。

preserve “保护”； ignore “忽略；忽视”； tolerate “容忍”。

7.fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的；根本的；十分重要的；主要的；首要的
n. (通常作复数) 基本规则；基本原则；基本原理；基本部分
be fundamental to 对……必不可少；对……十分重要
1)His ________ ________ was to rely too much on others.他的根本错误是过分依赖他人。

2)Water is ________ ________ survival.水对于生存来说必不可少。

3)This is ________ to the building up of China's national defense.这对加强中国国防非常重要。

4)His ________ ________ was for her welfare. 他最关心的是她的幸福。

5)The ________ ________ is a political one. 首要的问题是政治问题。

【答案】1)fundamental mistake 2)fundamental to 3)fundamental 4)fundamental concern 5)fundamental question
(1)完成句子
There are ________ ________ between your religious beliefs and mine. 我
们俩的根本不同。

【答案】fundamental differences
(2)名校押题
What do you think are the ________ reasons for the current financial crisis?
A．adequate B．fundamental C．ambiguous D．primitive 【答案与解析】 B 题意：你认为导致当前的根本原因是什么？adequate“足
够的；充分的”；fundamental “基础的；根本的”；ambiguous“模棱两可的”；primitive “原始的”。

8.oppose vt.反对；反抗；(与某人)较量
后接名词、代词或动词－ing作宾语。

opposed adj. 反对的；对立的
be opposed to 反对……
as opposed to (表对比)而；相对于
1)He ________ the proposal to build a new hall. 他反对修建新礼堂的建议。

2)Congress is continuing to ________ the President's health care budget. 国会继续反对总统的医疗预算。

3)He ________ ________ ________ two other candidates. 另外两名候选人
反对他。

4)Who ______ ______ you in the match? 你和谁比赛？
【答案】1)opposed 2)oppose 3)is opposed by 4)is opposing
(1)完成句子
I would certainly ________ changing the system. 我当然会反对改变这一制度。

【答案】oppose
(2)名校押题
Most of the local residents ________ the closing of their hospital.
A．avoided B．exposed C．opposed D．received
【答案与解析】 C oppose “反对”。

题意：大部分当地居民反对关闭他们的医院。

重点短语详解
1．pull through 使从(受伤)中活过来；渡过难关
pull in 进站；靠岸；吸引
pull out 出站；拔出
pull up 制止；停住
pull down 拆毁；推翻
pull on 对……有吸引力
1)This newly liberated country is going to have a rough time, but it will ________ ________.这个新解放的国家将遇到艰难困苦，但是它必将渡过难关。

2)He is still quite sick, but the doctor is sure he will ________
________.他的病依然相当重，但医生相信他会痊愈。

3)Plans have been put forward to ________ ________ and rebuild the area. 要把这个地区的房屋推倒重建的计划已经提出。

【答案】1)pull through 2)pul through 3)pull down
(1)用pull的相关短语填空
1)As soon as the bus ________ ________， all the passengers rushed to get seats.
2)For some weeks we wondered if she would ________ ________ her illness.
3)Half the houses in the street _______ _______ _______ _______ to make room for the new post office.
【答案】1)pulled in 2)pull through 3)have been pulled down
(2)名校押题
I was lucky enough to get on the train before it ________.
A．pulled on B．pulled down C．pulled in D．pulled out 【答案与解析】 D 考查动词词组辨析。

pull on “对……有吸引力”；pull down “拆毁；推翻”；pull in “进站；靠岸；吸引”；pull out “出站；拔出”。

题意：我很幸运，在火车出站之前上车了。

2．on one‘s own 单独地；独自地
of one's own 属于某人自己的 (常用作后置定语)
for one's own good / benefit / safety 为某人自己好(安全)
1)The poet wanted to wander those countries ________ ________ ________.
诗人想独自漫游那些国家。

2)He has set up a firm ________ ________ ________.他开了一家自己的公司。

3)________ ________ ________ safety, please fasten your seat belts.为了安全起见，请系好安全带。

【答案】1)on his own 2)of his own 3)For your own
(1)用own的适当形式填空
1)I can't carry it ________ ________ ________， it's far too heavy.
2)If you are a sensible man, you will work hard ________ ________ ________ ________.
3)I live all ________ ________ ________ but I never feel lonely.【答案】1)on my own 2)for your own benefit 3)on my own
(2)名校押题
Children need friends ________ their own age to play with.
A. of
B. for C．in D. at
【答案与解析】 A 考查介词辨析。

题意：孩子需要同龄朋友一起玩。

3．agree with 赞成；同意；与……一致；适合
agree with 后面常接表示人或意见(看法)词作宾语。

agree to “同意；赞成”，后面跟表示“提议；办法；计划；安排”等名词或代词。

agree on 表示经过协商，在……方面取得一致意见，主语必须指协议的双方或多方。

agree 也可以用作及物动词，后接不定式或that从句作宾语。

1)She nodded to show that she ________ ________ me.她点头表示同意我的意见。

2)Does she ________ ________ our suggestion? 她赞成我们的提议吗？
3)We've ________ ________ Spain for our holiday next year. 我们一致同意明年去西班牙度假。

【答案】1)agreed with 2)agree to 3)agreed on
(1)用agree的相关短语填空
1)I admired him and ________ ________ his views.
2)Much to our disappointment, he didn't ________ ________ our arrangement.
3)Uncle Li ________ ________ ________ take care of mychild for the weekend.
【答案】1)agreed with 2)agree to 3)has agreed to
(2)名校押题
—When did you last hear ________ Jay?
—He phoned me this morning, and we agreed ________ a time and place to meet.
A．of; to B．about; with C．from; with D．from; on
【答案与解析】 D 考查介词。

第1空hear from“接到某人来信”；第2空agree on “在某方面意见达成一致”，都是固定搭配。

4．give up 放弃；戒掉
give away 赠送；泄露；免费给予
give in 屈服；投降；提交
give back 归还；交回；送回
give off 散发出(光、热、气味等)
give out 分发；分配；发表；散发出；用尽
1)He ________ ________ the bad news yesterday.他昨天宣布了这个坏消息。

2)She ________ ________ state secrets to the enemy. 她将国家机密泄露给敌人了。

3)The authorities showed no signs of ________ ________ to the kidnapper's demands. 当局对绑架者的要求丝毫没有让步的迹象。

4)This fire doesn't seem to ________ ________ much heat. 这炉火好像不太热。

【答案】1)gave out 2)gave away 3)giving in 4)give off
(1)用give的相关短语填空
1)His board Liverpool accent ________ him ________.
2)She's a tough player, she never ________ ________.
3)The teacher ________ ________ the examination papers.
【答案】1)gave; away 2)gives in 3)gave out
(2)名校押题
Smith was continually pressured by his father to______his music and do something worthwhile.
A．take up B．give up C．pick up D．bring up
【答案与解析】 B 考查动词词组辨析。

take up“占据；开始从事”；give up “放弃”；pick up“捡起；偶然获得”；bring up “培养；培育”。

题意：Smith 不断受到来自父亲让他放弃音乐去做一些有意义的事情的压力。