在职申硕(同等学力)英语模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)

在职申硕（同等学力）英语模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. Dialogue Communication 3. V ocabulary 4. Reading Comprehension 5. Cloze 6. Error Detection 7. Translation 9. Writing
Paper OneDialogue Communication
Section ADirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
1．A: Would you mind passing me the salt?B: ______
A．Not at all. Here you are.
B．Okay, give you.
C．Okay, so long.
D．Sure, see you.
正确答案：A
解析：would you mind doing sth．表示询问某人“介意做某事吗”，如介意，回答“yes”，不介意则答“no”，且后面的扩展内容必须与前面一致。

A项表示“不介意”，与扩展句内容“给你”意义一致，其他三项搭配有误。

故选A项。

2．A: I’m seventy-eight, but I never stop jogging every evening.B: You’re seventy-eight? No kidding. ______
A．You certainly don’t look like it.
B．You certainly don’t look at it.
C．You certainly don’t look it.
D．You certainly don’t look into it.
正确答案：A
解析：no kidding意思是“别开玩笑”，选择“你看上去不像(78岁)”保持前后语气一致。

故选A项。

3．A: How have you been these days, Jack?B: ______
A．Nice to meet you!
B．Can’t complain.
C．Would you like going out this evening together?
D．No one cares.
正确答案：B
解析：问句询问“近来如何”，答语can’t complain意思是“还不错”。

其他
三项均不符合语境。

故选B项。

4．A: ______B: I’ve got a headache and felt dizzy.
A．Do you have anything to declare, sir?
B．Good morning. May I help you?
C．How have you been getting along recently?
D．What seems to be the problem?
正确答案：D
解析：I’ve got a headache and felt dizzy意思是“我头疼，觉得头晕”，表示其身体有了状况，因此选择询问对方出什么问题的问句较为合适。

故选D项。

5．A: Your little boy has done a good job at school.B: ______
A．Yes, you are very kind.
B．No, you’re too polite.
C．Thanks, but you’re exaggerating.
D．Yes, I’m proud of him.
正确答案：C
解析：说话者A在赞扬对方的孩子做了好事情，回答应先表示感谢，再扩展相关内容。

故选C项。

Section BDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choices by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
6．Woman: Would you like to go and see the new exhibit with us?Man: That is the last thing in the world I ever want to do.Question: What does the man mean?
A．He saw the exhibit last week.
B．He wants to see the last exhibit.
C．He doesn’t want to go and see the new exhibit.
D．The exhibit was new when he saw it last time.
正确答案：C
解析：女士问男士，你是否愿意和我们一起去看新的展览?男士回答说，这是我最不愿意做的事了。

由此可以看出，男士并不想去看新展览，故选C项。

7．Man: Would you like to go to the movies with Anne and me on Friday?Woman: I wish I could, but I am having dinner at my brother’s.Question: What will the woman do on Friday?
A．Go to the movies with the woman.
B．Take her brother to the movies.
C．Eat at her brother’s.
D．Cook dinner with Anne.
正确答案：C
解析：男士邀请女士在周五时去看电影，女士回答说，我很想去，但是我得在哥哥家吃饭，故选C项。

8．Man: Need a hand with those boxes?Woman: That’s OK. I can manage. They’re empty.Question: What does the woman mean?
A．The man should have offered his assistance earlier.
B．She doesn’t need the man’s help.
C．She didn’t realize the boxes were empty.
D．She wants the man to move the boxes.
正确答案：B
解析：男士问女士，需要帮忙抬箱子吗?女士回答说，没事，我能抬得动，箱子是空的。

从女士的回答可以看出，女士自己能拿动这些箱子，不需要男士的帮助，故选B项。

9．Woman: Do you want the windows open or closed?Man: I almost always prefer fresh air, if possible.Question: What does the man imply?
A．He’d like to have the windows open.
B．He rarely leaves the windows open.
C．He thinks the air is polluted.
D．He’ll help her close the window.
正确答案：A
解析：女士问男士，你想让窗户开着还是关着?男士回答说，如果可以的话，我还是喜欢新鲜空气。

从男士的回答可以看出，男士希望把窗户打开。

故选A 项。

10．Man: Would you like to go with me to the airport to pick up Frank?Woman: I’d like to, but I have class till 2:00. And I know Frank’s decided to take the early flight.Question: What does the woman imply?
A．She won’t be able to go with the man.
B．She doesn’t think Frank is arriving until tomorrow morning.
C．She has to pick up Frank at 2:00.
D．She doesn’t know when her class will end.
正确答案：A
解析：男士问女士，你能和我一起去机场接Frank吗?女士回答说，我很想去，但是我得上课上到两点，而Frank坐的是早班机。

从女士的回答可以看出，她没有时间去接Frank，故选A项。

V ocabulary
Section ADirections: In this section there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
11．Courageous people think quickly and act without hesitation.
A．complaint
B．consideration
C．delay
D．anxiety
正确答案：C
解析：complaint抱怨；consideration考虑；delay推迟；anxiety焦虑。

hesitation 意为“犹豫，迟疑”，故选C项。

12．An international treaty signed several years ago bans trade in plants and animal of endangered species.
A．forbids
B．eliminates
C．promotes
D．protects
正确答案：A
解析：forbid禁止；eliminate淘汰，根除；promote提高，促进，倡导；protect 保护。

ban意为“禁止”，故选A项。

13．It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change your life.
A．calm
B．upset
C．steady
D．severe
正确答案：A
解析：calm平静的；upset不安的；steady稳定的；severe严重的。

tranquil 意为“平静的”，故选A项。

14．Sometimes the messages are conveyed through deliberate ‘conscious gestures’, other times, our bodies talk without our even knowing it.
A．definite
B．intentional
C．interactive
D．delicate
正确答案：B
解析：definite确定，明确的；intentional故意的；interactive互动的；delicate 纤细的，文雅的。

deliberate意为“故意的”，故选B项。

15．Lighting levels are carefully controlled to fall within an acceptable level for optimal reading convenience.
A．ideal
B．required
C．optional
D．standard
正确答案：A
解析：ideal理想的；required要求的；optional选择的；standard标准。

optimal 意为“最优化的”，故选A项。

16．All the staff members of the department made zealous efforts to clean up the hall for the Christmas party.
A．enthusiastic
B．concerted
C．gigantic
D．dedicated
正确答案：A
解析：enthusiastic热诚的，起劲的；concerted商议协定的，共同的；gigantic 巨大的；dedicated奉献致力于……的。

zealous意为“热忱的”，故选A项。

17．Factors leading to the crisis included poor regulation, mismanagement and deception in the industry, and competition from other types of financial firms.
A．cheating
B．pollution
C．depression
D．abuse
正确答案：A
解析：cheating欺骗；pollution污染；depression抑郁，萧条；abuse滥用，侮辱。

deception意为“蒙蔽，欺骗”，故选A项。

18．The young man asked his parents not to worry because he was full of optimism about his career.
A．motivation
B．confidence
C．imagination
D．resolution
正确答案：B
解析：motivation动机；confidence自信；imagination想象力；resolution决心，决议。

optimism意为“乐观”，与“自信”近义，故选B项。

19．Panic swept through the swimmers as they caught sight of a huge shark approaching menacingly.
A．Tension
B．Excitement
C．Nervousness
D．Fear
正确答案：D
解析：tension紧张；excitement；激动；nervousness紧张；fear恐惧。

panic 意为“恐慌”，故选D项。

20．A good employer gives hints to his or her employees without interfering with their creativity.
A．freedom
B．assistance
C．clues
D．funds
正确答案：C
解析：freedom自由；assistance帮助；clue线索，暗示；fund资金。

hint意为“暗示”，故选C项。

Section BDirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your rnachine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
21．The ______of a sales tax is that it decreases government reliance on income taxes.
A．outcome
B．supply
C．merit
D．balance
正确答案：C
解析：outcome结果；supply供应，供给；merit长处，优点；balance平衡。

故选C项。

22．Advertisements are often ______written in bad English.
A．apparently
B．deliberately
C．partially
D．mechanically
正确答案：B
解析：apparently显然地；deliberately故意地；partially部分地，局部地；mechanically机械地。

故选B项。

23．A survey earlier this year found that about 50 percent of South Americans think that “most” or “almost all” government officials are involved in______.
A．robbery
B．violation
C．corruption
D．stealing
正确答案：C
解析：robbery抢劫，盗取；violation违反，侵害；corruption腐败，贿赂；stealing偷窃。

故选C项。

24．A good night’s sleep is a ______of having good recall in the weeks ahead, scientists have found.
A．appeal
B．call
C．request
D．prerequisite
正确答案：D
解析：appeal呼吁；call号召；request要求，请求；prerequisite先决条件，前提。

故选D项。

25．I became conscious of the ______between play and sport when I helped organize a sandlot football team at the age of 12.
A．difference
B．reference
C．interference
D．conference
正确答案：A
解析：difference不同；reference参考，引文；interference干涉，阻碍；conference 会议。

故选A项。

26．Sales of margarine rose last year ______those of butter.
A．comparing
B．at a loss of
C．at the expense of
D．due to
正确答案：C
解析：comparing比较，对照；at a loss of亏本；at the expense of以……为代价；due to由于。

故选C项。

27．We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are______.
A．out of work
B．out of stock
C．out of reach
D．out of practice
正确答案：B
解析：out of work失业的；out of stock无现货的；out of reach手够不着、达不到；out of practice疏于练习。

这里是缺货的意思。

故选B项。

28．As is known to all, a vague law is always ______to different interpretations.
A．invulnerable
B．immune
C．resistant
D．susceptible
正确答案：A
解析：invulnerable不会受伤的、刀枪不入的；immune免疫的，不受影响的；resistant抵抗的；susceptible易受影响的，能经受的。

故选A项。

29．He ______all his unfinished manuscripts to his colleagues in the laboratory before he went to France.
A．transferred
B．translated
C．transmitted
D．transacted
正确答案：A
解析：transfer转移，转让；translate翻译，转化；transmit传播；transact办理，处理。

故选A项。

30．The Public Broadcasting System is supported by ______from foundations and other sources.
A．donations
B．references
C．accounts
D．advertisements
正确答案：A
解析：donation捐款，赠送；reference参考，引文；account记录，描述；advertisement做广告。

故选A项。

Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
Children are getting so fat they may be the first generation to die before their parents, an expert claimed yesterday. Today’s youngsters are already falling prey to potential killers such as diabetes because of their weight. Fatty fast-food diets combined with sedentary lifestyles dominated by televisions and computers could mean kids will die tragically young, says Professor Andrew Prentice, from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. At the same time, the shape of the human body is going through a huge evolutionary shift because adults are getting so fat. Here in Britain, latest research shows that the average waist size for a man is 36-38 in and may be 42-44 in by 2032. This compares with only 32.6 in in 1972. Women’s waists have grown from an average of 22 in in 1920 to 24 in in the Fifties and 30 in now. One of the major reasons why children now are at greater risk is that we are getting fatter younger. In the UK alone, more than one million under-16s are classed as overweight or obese—double the number in the mid-Eighties. One in ten four-year-olds are also medically classified as obese. The obesity pandemic—an extensive epidemic—which started in the US, has now spread to Europe, Australia, Central America and the Middle East. Many nations now record more than 20 percent of their population as clinically obese and well over half the population as overweight. Prof. Prentice said the change in our shape has been caused by a glut of easily available high-energy foods combined with a dramatic drop in the energy we use as a result of technology developments. He is not alone in his concern. Only last week one medical journal revealed how obesity was fuelling a rise in cancer cases. Obesity also increases the risk factor for strokes and heart disease. An averagely obese person’s lifespan is shortened by around nine years, while a severely obese person by many more. Prof Prentice said: “So will parents outlive their children, as claimed recently by an American obesity specialist?” The answer is yes—and no. Yes, when the offspring become grossly obese. This is now becoming an alarmingly common occurrence in the US. Such children and adolescents have a greatly reduced quality of life in terms of both their physical and psychosocial health. So say No to that doughnut and burger.
31．What does the word “sedentary (Para. 2)” mean?
A．Sit still.
B．Eat too much.
C．Study very hard.
D．Passive thinking.
正确答案：A
解析：词语解释题。

sedentary意思是“静止的，不动的”。

即使不知道这个词的含义，也可以由该句的定语“dominated by televisions and computer(被电视和电脑所控制)”推测出来。

故选A项。

32．Which statement is TRUE?
A．The average waist size for a man is 36-38 in.
B．The average waist size for a woman is 30 in.
C．In the mid-Eighties, more than half million under-16s in the UK are classed as overweight.
D．The obesity pandemic has now spread to South America.
正确答案：C
解析：细节解释题。

C项是第三段倒数第三句“仅仅是英国，一百多万16岁以下的人被归为超重或肥胖”的改写。

A，B，D项对应信息均在第三段，但都有误。

故选C项。

33．According to Prof. Prentice. what are the reasons for the change in our shape?
A．We eat too much and refuse to do physical exercises.
B．High-energy foods are easy to get and technology develops fast.
C．High-energy foods are the main diet and we use technology.
D．High-energy foods are easy to get, and we consume less energy.
正确答案：D
解析：细节理解题。

由第四段最后一话可知。

故选D项。

34．Obesity increases the risk factor of______.
A．diabetes, short sight, cancer, strokes
B．diabetes, cancer, strokes, psychosocial illness
C．cancer, strokes, fatty, heart disease
D．strokes, heart disease, diabetes, headache
正确答案：B
解析：细节定位题。

A项中的short sight(近视)没有提及；C项中fatty(肥胖)不是原因，而是结果；D项中headache(头疼)没有提及。

故选B项。

35．What does the author mean by “So say No to that doughnut and burger”?
A．Answering the question “will parents outlive their children?”
B．The doughnut and burger should be banned.
C．We should lead a healthy life.
D．We should begin dieting.
正确答案：C
解析：推理题。

原句说“对汉堡和多纳圈说不”，也就是拒绝垃圾食品，倡导健康生活。

故选C项。

36．What does “outlive” in the last paragraph mean?
A．live outside home
B．have longer lifespan
C．die before
D．have a outdoor life
正确答案：B
解析：词语解释题。

原句意思是“父母比孩子活得长”，因此选B意思是“寿命更长”。

故选B项。

In a sense, the new protectionism is not protectionism at all, at least not in the traditional sense of the term. The old protectionism referred only to trade restricting and trade expanding devices, such as the tariff or export subsidy. The new protectionism is much broader than this: it includes interventions into foreign trade but is not limited to them. The new protectionism, in fact, refers to how the whole of government intervention into the private economy affects international trade. The emphasis on trade is still there, thus came the term “protection”. But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relations. The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world reflects the victory of the interventionist, or welfare economy over the market economy. Jab Tumiler writes, “The old protectionism…coexisted, without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptance of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanism—indeed, protectionists as well as (if not more than) free traders stood for laissez faire (放任政策). Now, as in the 1930s, protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies’ satisfaction.”It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is responsible for the protectionism. In a market economy, economic change of various color simplies redistribution of resources and incomes. The same opinion in many communities apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper. Therefore, the government intervenes to bring about a more desired result. The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northern Europe. In Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands, government intervention in almost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal. In Great Britain this is only somewhat less true. Government traditionally has played a very active role in economic life in France and continued to do so. Only West Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive
interventionism in Western Europe. It also happens to be the most successful Western European economy. The welfare state has made significant progress in the United States as well as in Western Europe. Social security, unemployment insurance, minimum wage laws, and rent control are by now traditional welfare state elements on the America scene.
37．This passage is primarily concerned with discussing______.
A．the definition of the new protectionism
B．the difference between new and old protectionism
C．the emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world
D．the significance of the welfare state
正确答案：A
38．What is the real cause of the new protectionism?
A．The old one has begun to be unable to explain the new situation of different countries.
B．The welfare developed really fast in Northern Europe.
C．There is some suspect of the regulating ability of the current market.
D．The old protectionism is too limited in its definition.
正确答案：C
解析：细节理解题。

从文章第一段最后一句“……深深怀疑市场分配资源和满足社会需要的能力”和第二段第一句“正是这种怀疑……导致了这种(新)保护主义的产生”。

故选C项。

39．What does the phrase “stood for (Para.1)” mean?
A．represented
B．held out
C．tolerated
D．disapproved
正确答案：B
解析：指代题。

此句“…protectionists as well as (if not more than) free traders stood for laissez faire”指“……保护主义者就像自由贸易主义者那样stood for放任政策”。

前文已说明自由贸易主义者是支持由自由市场分配资源的，从as well as 和if not more than可以判断stood for表示“支持”。

故选B项。

40．Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of a welfare state mentioned in this passage?
A．Free education is available to a child.
B．Laws are made to fix the minimum wage.
C．A jobless person can be insured.
D．There are regulations for rent.
正确答案：A
解析：细节题。

文章最后一句中包含B，C和D项的出处，没有提到A项内容。

故选A项。

41．Which of the following inferences is TRUE, according to this passage?
A．The economy developed faster in welfare states than in non-welfare states.
B．In the 1930s, protectionism began to rise.
C．The new protectionism is so called mainly because it is the latest.
D．Government plays a more active role in economic life in Northern Europe than in Great Britain.
正确答案：D
解析：判断题。

西德不是福利国家，却是西欧经济最强国，因此A项可排除；文章提到19世纪30年代时已经出现protectionism，但未指出就是这个时期出现的，无法验证其确切的出现时期，B项无法确定；从19世纪30年代就出现的protectionism不能说是最新的，文章也未说明是否是因为最新出现而起的名，C项无根据；从倒数第二段第一句“北欧几乎全是福利国家”及该段第三句“在英国，福利国家政策有点不完全”可判断D项正确。

故选D项。

42．The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions.
A．When did the new protectionism arise?
B．Why is the new protectionism so popular in northern European countries?
C．Does the American government play a more active role in economic life than the British government?
D．Why does the government intervene in economic life?
正确答案：D
解析：判断题。

文章第二段提供了为什么政府干预经济生活的理由。

“Therefore，the government intervenes to bring about a more desired result”意思是“政府干预经济生活能带来更好的结果”。

因此D项的问题文章进行了回答，而其余三项文中没有明确说明。

故选D项。

In recent years there has been an increasing number of large oil spills. These spills, some of which have occurred directly at the site of extraction and others during transportation, have had in adverse effect on marine organisms. Because of the importance of these organisms in the life cycle, research has been carried out in order to identify more accurately the reactions of these organisms to oil. A recent study has revealed that it is essential to understand that there is not one but rather, at least four possible ways in which oil can affect an organism. First, as a result of an organism’s ingestion of oil, direct lethal toxicity (毒性), that is, death by poisoning, can occur. However, in cases where the effect is less extreme, sub-lethal toxicity
occurs. While cellular and physiological processes are involved in both cases in the latter, the organism continues to survive. Second, in some cases, oil forms a covering on the organism. This covering, referred to as coating, can result in smothering, that is, death of the organism due to lack of air. In instances where the effects of coating are less severe, interference with movement and loss of insulated properties of feathers or fur may occur. The third effect of oil on marine organisms is the tainting or contamination of edible organisms. This results from the incorporation of hydrocarbons (碳化氢) into the organism, thus making it unfit for human consumption. The final effect which this study has revealed is that of habitual changes. The alterations in the physical and chemical environment brought about by oil spills result in a change in the species composition of a region. The implications of this must recent study are far-reaching. An oil spill in a particular region could critically upset the balance of nature, the total effect only becoming apparent after many years.
43．What is the title of this passage?
A．Marine Organisms.
B．Oil Spills.
C．The Effect of Oil on Marine Organisms.
D．The Study of Oil Spills.
正确答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。

本文虽然涉及海洋生物的问题，但是主要是从石油对海洋生物影响的角度出发的，因此本题的最佳选项是C项“石油对海洋生物的影响”。

A项和B项所说只是文章的一部分，不能代表全部，所以不合适。

D项无法在文章中找到依据，也不是本题的答案。

故选C项。

44．Oil spills have occurred______.
A．at the site of extraction
B．during transportation
C．before making use of it
D．A＆B
正确答案：D
解析：细节题。

根据文章第一段第二句所述，石油的溢出应该是发生在抽取地点和运输过程当中。

故选D项。

45．Scientists have started to do the research to______.
A．reveal the reactions of marine organisms to oil
B．find out a way of solving it
C．make a clean of oil spills
D．reveal the life of marine organisms
正确答案：A
解析：细节对应题。

文章在第一段第三句中清楚地提到：“由于这些微生物在生命循环中的重要性，因此人们开展研究来更精确地鉴定这些微生物对油的反应。

”从这句话就可以判断出本题的正确答案应该是A项而非其他。

故选A项。

46．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A．The organism who ingests lethal toxicity can survive.
B．The oil coat will not interfere in organism’s life.
C．Organisms can fight against the pollution of oil.
D．Oil spills can lead to the change of the environment.
正确答案：D
解析：正误判断题。

本题的四项叙述都是关于石油溢出对海洋生物的影响的，而其基本影响在文章的第二段中给予了详细说明。

对照原文，D项“石油溢出能够导致环境的改变”与文章最后一段相符，所以本题的正确答案是D项。

故选D 项。

47．The effect of oil spills can be seen______.
A．immediately
B．after quite a long time
C．few years later
D．after several months
正确答案：B
解析：细节题。

本题的答案在文章的最后一段：“……多年之后才能显现”。

因此对应的时间是许多年之后而不是一段很短的时间，所以最佳选项只能是B 项。

故选B项。

48．What does the word “must” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Need.
B．Needy.
C．Necessary.
D．Have to.
正确答案：C
解析：词语解释题。

此处must是“必要的，重要的”意思，并非取其动词“必须”之意，故不能选need和have to；needy意思是“贫困的”。

故选C项。

Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960’s and 1970’s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation world-wide has decreased significantly.
A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high
concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining. In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (区分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States. In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the North-eastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline. Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period. The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected. Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统)respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.
49．The study published in the journal Nature indicates that______.
A．lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increase
B．the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results
C．the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow
D．lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected
正确答案：C
解析：细节理解题。

由第二段第一句可知，“美国排放的含铅气体是格陵兰雪地中高含铅量的主要贡献者”。

故选C项。

50．Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US______.
A．was introduced
B．was discouraged
C．was prohibited by law
D．was enforced by law
正确答案：A
解析：细节理解题。

由第四段最后一句可知，“……自从引进不含铅汽油之后”。

故选A项。

51．How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?
A．By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.
B．By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in North eastern America.
C．By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.
D．By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.
正确答案：C
解析：细节理解题。

由第三段可知，“美国使用的含铅汽油的化学组成与欧洲、亚洲、加拿大的不一样。

这让科学家们能够区分出铅的来源”。

故选C项。

52．The authors of the Ambio study have found that______.
A．forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected
B．lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US
C．lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal with
D．the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions
正确答案：A
解析：细节理解题。

由倒数第二段可知，“森林的环境处理、分离铅比科学家想象得要快”。

故选A项。

53．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists______.
A．lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution
B．still consider lead pollution a problem
C．believe lead pollution is not a problem any more
D．have found way to solve the problem of lead pollution
正确答案：B
解析：细节逻辑关系题。

由最后一段but之后的句子可知：“这些发现不能成为铅污染的许可证”。

故选B项。

54．What’s the author’s attitude shown in the passage?
A．Supportive to the scientists’ research.
B．Opposed to the lead pollution.
C．Just descriptive of an on-going fact.
D．Positive to the prospect of the solution of lead pollution.
正确答案：C
解析：态度题。

此题切忌用常识去解题，而不直接去文章中找答案。

尽管文章主题是铅污染，全文中作者体现的态度是描述性的，包括全篇最后一句话，也只是作者引用的科学家的话，故选C项。

阅读理解解题来源均出自于原文，而非主观臆断。

Federal Reserve System, central banking system of the United States, popularly called the Fed. A central bank serves as the banker to both the banking community and the government; it also issues the national currency, conducts
monetary policy, and plays a major role in supervision and regulation of banks and bank holding companies. In the U.S. these functions are the responsibilities of key officials of the Federal Reserve System: the Board of Governors, located in Washington, D.C., and the top officers of the 12 district Federal Reserve banks, located throughout the nation. The Fed’s actions, described below, generally have a significant effect on the U.S. interest rates and, subsequently, on stock, bond, and other financial markets. The Federal Reserve’s basic powers are concentrated in the Board of Governors, which is paramount in all policy issues concerning bank regulation and supervision and in most aspects of monetary control. The board enunciates the Fed’s policies on both monetary and banking matters. Because the board is not an operating agency, most of the day-to-day implementation of policies decisions is left to the district Federal Reserve banks, stock in which is owned by the commercial banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System. Ownership in this instance, however, does not imply control; the Board of Governors and the heads of the Reserve banks orient their policies to the public interest rather than to the benefit of the private banking system. The U.S. banking system’s regulatory apparatus is complex; the authority of the Federal Reserve is shared in some instances for example, in mergers or the examination of banks with other federal agencies such as the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Cooperation (FDIC). In the critical area of regulating the nation’s money supply in accordance with national economic goals, however, the Federal Reserve is independent within the government. Income and expenditures of the Federal Reserve banks and of the Board of Governors are not subject to the congressional appropriation process; the Federal Reserve is subject to the congressional appropriation process; the Federal Reserve is self-financing. Its income ($20.2 billion in 1992) comes mainly from Reserve bank holdings of income-earning securities, primarily those of the U.S. government. Outlays ($1.5 billion in 1992) are mostly for operational expenses in providing services to the government and for expenditures connected with regulation and monetary policy. In 1992 the Federal Reserve returned $16.8 billion in earnings to the U.S. Treasury.
55．The Fed of the United States______.
A．functions as China Bank
B．is the counterpart of People’s Bank of China
C．is subject to the banking community and government
D．has 13 top officers who can influence the American financial market
正确答案：B
解析：细节理解题。

美国的联邦储备局相当于中国人民银行。

根据文章开头部分的“中央银行……发行货币，制定金融政策……”可知其功能与我国的人民银行相同。

故选B项。

56．What does “enunciates” mean in the second paragraph?。