simense 2011
FM2011妖人名单
Fabio 123 20岁
Federico Macheda 126 18岁
Davide Petrucci 90 18岁
Ravel Morrison 78 17岁
Bebe 113 20岁
托特纳姆热刺 Tottenham Hotspur
Harry Kane 78 17岁
Kyriakos Papadopoulos 105 18岁
Lewis Holtby 132 19岁
霍芬海姆 Hoffenheim
Franco Zuculini 125 19岁
Gylfi Sigurosson 127 20岁
斯图加特 Stuttgart
Raphael Holzhauser 90 17岁
Jack Butland 80 -9岁
布莱克本 Blackburn
Phil Jones 116 18岁
博尔顿 Bolton
Lee Chung-yong 140 22岁
切尔西 Chelsea
Daniel Sturridge 130 20岁
Philipp Prosenik 65 17岁
佛罗伦萨 Fiorentina
Adem Ljajic 132 18岁
国际米兰 Inter
Coutinho 121 18岁
Lorenzo Crisetig 87 17岁
亚特兰大 Atalanta
Ezequiel Matias Schelotto 133 21岁
斯托克城 Stoke City
Asmir Begovic 133 23岁
纽卡斯尔 Newcastle
Haris Vuckic 90 17岁
英语
The Neutral Grounding Resistor Sizing Using an Analytical Method Based on Nonlinear Transformer Model for Inrush Current MitigationGholamabas M.H.Hajivar Shahid Chamran University,Ahvaz, Iranhajivar@S.S.MortazaviShahid Chamran University,Ahvaz, IranMortazavi_s@scu.ac.irMohsen SanieiShahid Chamran University,Ahvaz, IranMohsen.saniei@Abstract-It was found that a neutral resistor together with 'simultaneous' switching didn't have any effect on either the magnitudes or the time constant of inrush currents. The pre-insertion resistors were recommended as the most effective means of controlling inrush currents. Through simulations, it was found that the neutral resistor had little effect on reducing the inrush current peak or even the rate of decay as compared to the cases without a neutral resistor. The use of neutral impedances was concluded to be ineffective compared to the use of pre-insertion resistors. This finding was explained by the low neutral current value as compared to that of high phase currents during inrush. The inrush currents could be mitigated by using a neutral resistor when sequential switching is implemented. From the sequential energizing scheme performance, the neutral resistor size plays the significant role in the scheme effectiveness. Through simulation, it was found that a few ohms neutral grounding resistor can effectively achieve inrush currents reduction. If the neutral resistor is directly selected to minimize the peak of the actual inrush current, a much lower resistor value could be found.This paper presents an analytical method to select optimal neutral grounding resistor for mitigation of inrush current. In this method nonlinearity and core loss of the transformer has been modeled and derived analytical equations.Index Terms--Inrush current, neutral grounding resistor, transformerI.I NTRODUCTIONThe energizing of transformers produces high inrush currents. The nature of inrush currents have rich in harmonics coupled with relatively a long duration, leads to adverse effects on the residual life of the transformer, malfunction of the protection system [1] and power quality [2]. In the power-system industry, two different strategies have been implemented to tackle the problem of transformer inrush currents. The first strategy focuses on adapting to the effects of inrush currents by desensitizing the protection elements. Other approaches go further by 'over-sizing' the magnetic core to achieve higher saturation flux levels. These partial countermeasures impose downgrades on the system's operational reliability, considerable increases unit cost, high mechanical stresses on the transformer and lead to a lower power quality. The second strategy focuses on reducing the inrush current magnitude itself during the energizing process. Minimizing the inrush current will extend the transformer's lifetime and increase the reliability of operation and lower maintenance and down-time costs. Meanwhile, the problem of protection-system malfunction is eliminated during transformer energizing. The available inrush current mitigation consist "closing resistor"[3], "control closing of circuit breaker"[4],[5], "reduction of residual flux"[6], "neutral resistor with sequential switching"[7],[8],[9].The sequential energizing technique presents inrush-reduction scheme due to transformer energizing. This scheme involves the sequential energizing of the three phases transformer together with the insertion of a properly sized resistor at the neutral point of the transformer energizing side [7] ,[8],[9] (Fig. 1).The neutral resistor based scheme acts to minimize the induced voltage across the energized windings during sequential switching of each phase and, hence, minimizes the integral of the applied voltage across the windings.The scheme has the main advantage of being a simpler, more reliable and more cost effective than the synchronous switching and pre-insertion resistor schemes. The scheme has no requirements for the speed of the circuit breaker or the determination of the residual flux. Sequential switching of the three phases can be implemented through either introducing a mechanical delay between each pole in the case of three phase breakers or simply through adjusting the breaker trip-coil time delay for single pole breakers.A further study of the scheme revealed that a much lower resistor size is equally effective. The steady-state theory developed for neutral resistor sizing [8] is unable to explain this phenomenon. This phenomenon must be understood using transient analysis.Fig. 1. The sequential phase energizing schemeUPEC201031st Aug - 3rd Sept 2010The rise of neutral voltage is the main limitation of the scheme. Two methods present to control the neutral voltage rise: the use of surge arrestors and saturated reactors connected to the neutral point. The use of surge arresters was found to be more effective in overcoming the neutral voltage rise limitation [9].The main objective of this paper is to derive an analytical relationship between the peak of the inrush current and the size of the resistor. This paper presents a robust analytical study of the transformer energizing phenomenon. The results reveal a good deal of information on inrush currents and the characteristics of the sequential energizing scheme.II. SCHEME PERFORMANCESince the scheme adopts sequential switching, each switching stage can be investigated separately. For first-phase switching, the scheme's performance is straightforward. The neutral resistor is in series with the energized phase and this resistor's effect is similar to a pre-insertion resistor.The second- phase energizing is one of the most difficult to analyze. Fortunately, from simulation studies, it was found that the inrush current due to second-phase energizing is lower than that due to first-phase energizing for the same value of n R [9]. This result is true for the region where the inrush current of the first-phase is decreasing rapidly as n R increases. As a result, when developing a neutral-resistor-sizing criterion, the focus should be directed towards the analysis of the first-phase energizing.III. A NALYSIS OF F IRST -P HASE E NERGIZING The following analysis focuses on deriving an inrush current waveform expression covering both the unsaturatedand saturated modes of operation respectively. The presented analysis is based on a single saturated core element, but is suitable for analytical modelling of the single-phase transformers and for the single-phase switching of three-phase transformers. As shown in Fig. 2, the transformer's energized phase was modeled as a two segmented saturated magnetizing inductance in series with the transformer's winding resistance, leakage inductance and neutral resistance. The iron core non-l inear inductance as function of the operating flux linkages is represented as a linear inductor inunsaturated ‘‘m l ’’ and saturated ‘‘s l ’’ modes of operation respectively. (a)(b)Fig. 2. (a) Transformer electrical equivalent circuit (per-phase) referred to the primary side. (b) Simplified, two slope saturation curve.For the first-phase switching stage, the equivalent circuit represented in Fig. 2(a) can accurately represent behaviour of the transformer for any connection or core type by using only the positive sequence Flux-Current characteristics. Based on the transformer connection and core structure type, the phases are coupled either through the electrical circuit (3 single phase units in Yg-D connection) or through the Magnetic circuit (Core type transformers with Yg-Y connection) or through both, (the condition of Yg-D connection in an E-Core or a multi limb transformer). The coupling introduced between the windings will result in flux flowing through the limbs or magnetic circuits of un-energized phases. For the sequential switching application, the magnetic coupling will result in an increased reluctance (decreased reactance) for zero sequence flux path if present. The approach presented here is based on deriving an analytical expression relating the amount of inrush current reduction directly to the neutral resistor size. Investigation in this field has been done and some formulas were given to predict the general wave shape or the maximum peak current.A. Expression for magnitude of inrush currentIn Fig. 2(a), p r and p l present the total primary side resistance and leakage reactance. c R shows the total transformer core loss. Secondary side resistance sp r and leakage reactance sp l as referred to primary side are also shown. P V and s V represent the primary and secondary phase to ground terminal voltages, respectively.During first phase energizing, the differential equation describing behaviour of the transformer with saturated ironcore can be written as follows:()())sin((2) (1)φω+⋅⋅=⋅+⋅+⋅+=+⋅+⋅+=t V (t)V dtdi di d λdt di l (t)i R r (t)V dt d λdt di l (t)i R r (t)V m P ll p pp n p P p p p n p PAs the rate of change of the flux linkages with magnetizing current dt d /λcan be represented as an inductance equal to the slope of the i −λcurve, (2) can be re-written as follows;()(3) )()()(dtdi L dt di l t i R r t V lcore p p P n p P ⋅+⋅+⋅+=λ (4) )()(L core l p c l i i R dtdi−⋅=⋅λ⎩⎨⎧==sml core L L di d L λλ)(s s λλλλ>≤The general solution of the differential equations (3),(4) has the following form;⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧>−⋅⋅+−⋅+−−⋅+≤−⋅⋅+−⋅+−⋅=(5) )sin(//)()( )sin(//)(s s 22222221211112121111λλψωττλλψωττt B t e A t t e i A t B t e A t e A t i s s pSubscripts 11,12 and 21,22 denote un-saturated and saturated operation respectively. The parameters given in the equation (5) are given by;() )(/12221σ⋅++⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛⋅−++⋅=m p c p m n p c m m x x R x x R r R x V B()2222)(/1σ⋅++⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛⋅−++⋅=s p c p s n p c s m x x R x x R r R x V B⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝⎛⋅−+++=⋅−−⎟⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎜⎝⎛−c p m n p m p c m R x x R r x x R x σφψ111tan tan ⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝⎛⋅−+++=⋅−−⎟⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎜⎝⎛−c p s n p s p c m R R r x x R x σφψ112tan tan )sin(111211ψ⋅=+B A A )sin(222221s t B A A ⋅−⋅=+ωψ mp n p m p m p m p c xx R r x x x x x x R ⋅⋅+⋅−⋅+−⋅+⋅⋅⋅=)(4)()(21211σστm p n p m p m p m p c xx R r x x x x x x R ⋅⋅+⋅−⋅++⋅+⋅⋅⋅=)(4)()(21212σστ s p n p s p s p s p xx R r x x x x x x c R ⋅⋅+⋅−⋅+−⋅+⋅⋅⋅=)(4)()(21221σστ sp n p s p s p sp c xx R r x x x x x x R ⋅⋅+⋅−⋅++⋅+⋅⋅⋅=)(4)()(21222σστ ⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛−⋅==s rs s ri i λλλ10 cnp R R r ++=1σ21221112 , ττττ>>>>⇒>>c R , 012≈A , 022≈A According to equation (5), the required inrush waveform assuming two-part segmented i −λcurve can be calculated for two separate un-saturated and saturated regions. For thefirst unsaturated mode, the current can be directly calculated from the first equation for all flux linkage values below the saturation level. After saturation is reached, the current waveform will follow the second given expression for fluxlinkage values above the saturation level. The saturation time s t can be found at the time when the current reaches the saturation current level s i .Where m λ,r λ,m V and ωare the nominal peak flux linkage, residual flux linkage, peak supply voltage and angular frequency, respectivelyThe inrush current waveform peak will essentially exist during saturation mode of operation. The focus should be concentrated on the second current waveform equation describing saturated operation mode, equation (5). The expression of inrush current peak could be directly evaluated when both saturation time s t and peak time of the inrush current waveform peak t t =are known [9].(10))( (9) )(2/)(222222121//)()(2B eA t e i A peak peak t s t s n peak n n peak R I R R t +−⋅+−−⋅+=+=ττωψπThe peak time peak t at which the inrush current will reachits peak can be numerically found through setting the derivative of equation (10) with respect to time equal to zero at peak t t =.()(11) )sin(/)(022222221212221/ψωωττττ−⋅⋅⋅−−−⋅+−=+−⋅peak t s t B A t te A i peak s peakeThe inrush waveform consists of exponentially decaying'DC' term and a sinusoidal 'AC' term. Both DC and AC amplitudes are significantly reduced with the increase of the available series impedance. The inrush waveform, neglecting the relatively small saturating current s i ,12A and 22A when extremely high could be normalized with respect to theamplitude of the sinusoidal term as follows; (12) )sin(/)()(2221221⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡−⋅+−−⋅⋅=ψωτt t t e B A B t i s p(13) )sin(/)()sin()( 22221⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡−⋅+−−⋅⋅−⋅=ψωτωψt t t e t B t i s s p ))(sin()( 2s n n t R R K ⋅−=ωψ (14) ωλλλφλφωλλφωmm m r s s t r m s mV t dt t V dtd t V V s=⎪⎭⎪⎬⎫⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛−−+−⋅=+⋅+⋅⋅==+⋅⋅=−∫(8) 1cos 1(7))sin((6))sin(10The factor )(n R K depends on transformer saturation characteristics (s λand r λ) and other parameters during saturation.Typical saturation and residual flux magnitudes for power transformers are in the range[9]; .).(35.1.).(2.1u p u p s <<λ and .).(9.0.).(7.0u p r u p <<λIt can be easily shown that with increased damping 'resistance' in the circuit, where the circuit phase angle 2ψhas lower values than the saturation angle s t ⋅ω, the exponential term is negative resulting in an inrush magnitude that is lowerthan the sinusoidal term amplitude.B. Neutral Grounding Resistor SizingBased on (10), the inrush current peak expression, it is now possible to select a neutral resistor size that can achieve a specific inrush current reduction ratio )(n R α given by:(15) )0(/)()(==n peak n peak n R I R I R α For the maximum inrush current condition (0=n R ), the total energized phase system impedance ratio X/R is high and accordingly, the damping of the exponential term in equation (10) during the first cycle can be neglected; [][](16))0(1)0()0(2212=⋅++⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡⋅−+===⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛+⋅⋅n s p c p s pR x n m n peak R x x R x x r R K V R I c s σ High n R values leading to considerable inrush current reduction will result in low X / R ratios. It is clear from (14) that X / R ratios equal to or less than 1 ensure negative DC component factor ')(n R K ' and hence the exponential term shown in (10) can be conservatively neglected. Accordingly, (10) can be re-written as follows;()[](17) )()(22122n s p c p s n p R x m n n peak R x x R x x R r V R B R I c s σ⋅++⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡⋅−+=≈⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛+⋅Using (16) and (17) to evaluate (15), the neutral resistorsize which corresponds to a specific reduction ratio can be given by;[][][](18) )0()(1)0( 12222=⋅++⋅−⋅++⋅−+⋅+=⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡=n s p c p s p n s p c p s n p n R x x R x x r R x x R x x R r R K σσα Very high c R values leading to low transformer core loss, it can be re-written equation (18) as follows [9]; [][][][](19) 1)0(12222s p p s p n p n x x r x x R r R K +++++⋅+==α Equations (18) and (19) reveal that transformers require higher neutral resistor value to achieve the desired inrush current reduction rate. IV. A NALYSIS OF SECOND-P HASE E NERGIZING It is obvious that the analysis of the electric and magnetic circuit behavior during second phase switching will be sufficiently more complex than that for first phase switching.Transformer behaviour during second phase switching was served to vary with respect to connection and core structure type. However, a general behaviour trend exists within lowneutral resistor values where the scheme can effectively limitinrush current magnitude. For cases with delta winding or multi-limb core structure, the second phase inrush current is lower than that during first phase switching. Single phase units connected in star/star have a different performance as both first and second stage inrush currents has almost the same magnitude until a maximum reduction rate of about80% is achieved. V. NEUTRAL VOLTAGE RISEThe peak neutral voltage will reach values up to peak phasevoltage where the neutral resistor value is increased. Typicalneutral voltage peak profile against neutral resistor size is shown in Fig. 6- Fig. 8, for the 225 KVA transformer during 1st and 2nd phase switching. A del ay of 40 (ms) between each switching stage has been considered. VI. S IMULATION A 225 KVA, 2400V/600V, 50 Hz three phase transformer connected in star-star are used for the simulation study. The number of turns per phase primary (2400V) winding is 128=P N and )(01.0pu R R s P ==, )(05.0pu X X s P ==,active power losses in iron core=4.5 KW, average length and section of core limbs (L1=1.3462(m), A1=0.01155192)(2m ), average length and section of yokes (L2=0.5334(m),A2=0.01155192)(2m ), average length and section of air pathfor zero sequence flux return (L0=0.0127(m),A0=0.01155192)(2m ), three phase voltage for fluxinitialization=1 (pu) and B-H characteristic of iron core is inaccordance with Fig.3. A MATLAB program was prepared for the simulation study. Simulation results are shown in Fig.4-Fig.8.Fig. 3.B-H characteristic iron coreFig.4. Inrush current )(0Ω=n RFig.5. Inrush current )(5Ω=n RFig.6. Inrush current )(50Ω=n RFig.7. Maximum neutral voltage )(50Ω=n RFig.8. Maximum neutral voltage ).(5Ω=n RFig.9. Maximum inrush current in (pu), Maximum neutral voltage in (pu), Duration of the inrush current in (s)VII. ConclusionsIn this paper, Based on the sequential switching, presents an analytical method to select optimal neutral grounding resistor for transformer inrush current mitigation. In this method, complete transformer model, including core loss and nonlinearity core specification, has been used. It was shown that high reduction in inrush currents among the three phases can be achieved by using a neutral resistor .Other work presented in this paper also addressed the scheme's main practical limitation: the permissible rise of neutral voltage.VIII.R EFERENCES[1] Hanli Weng, Xiangning Lin "Studies on the UnusualMaloperation of Transformer Differential Protection During the Nonlinear Load Switch-In",IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, vol. 24, no.4, october 2009.[2] Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Electric Transmissionand Distribution Reference Book, 4th ed. East Pittsburgh, PA, 1964.[3] K.P.Basu, Stella Morris"Reduction of Magnetizing inrushcurrent in traction transformer", DRPT2008 6-9 April 2008 Nanjing China.[4] J.H.Brunke, K.J.Frohlich “Elimination of TransformerInrush Currents by Controlled Switching-Part I: Theoretical Considerations” IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, Vol.16,No.2,2001. [5] R. Apolonio,J.C.de Oliveira,H.S.Bronzeado,A.B.deVasconcellos,"Transformer Controlled Switching:a strategy proposal and laboratory validation",IEEE 2004, 11th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power.[6] E. Andersen, S. Bereneryd and S. Lindahl, "SynchronousEnergizing of Shunt Reactors and Shunt Capacitors," OGRE paper 13-12, pp 1-6, September 1988.[7] Y. Cui, S. G. Abdulsalam, S. Chen, and W. Xu, “Asequential phase energizing method for transformer inrush current reduction—part I: Simulation and experimental results,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 20, no. 2, pt. 1, pp. 943–949, Apr. 2005.[8] W. Xu, S. G. Abdulsalam, Y. Cui, S. Liu, and X. Liu, “Asequential phase energizing method for transformer inrush current reduction—part II: Theoretical analysis and design guide,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 20, no. 2, pt. 1, pp. 950–957, Apr. 2005.[9] S.G. Abdulsalam and W. Xu "A Sequential PhaseEnergization Method for Transformer Inrush current Reduction-Transient Performance and Practical considerations", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,vol. 22, No.1, pp. 208-216,Jan. 2007.。
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汽车/飞机/地铁系统的电磁线缆导线干扰模拟
模拟线缆感应现象，减少对车内设备的电磁干扰，优化线 缆布局，专用于线缆的电磁仿真。配合其他电磁分析模 块，总体优化车内电子设备的布局，强化天线的生成能力
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足球经理2011——自创4231战术微调法
以前一直玩CM0304 一直玩了七年 其实很喜欢 FM ，但是一直没有 完全汉化版本，不习惯。这次出了FM2011,当初说这次会出官方的汉化版 本，结果还是叫咱们爆棚的好汉翻译的(感谢爆棚，真的很感谢)。 因为玩FM对我来说，还是个新手，所以一上来闹出很多笑话，渐渐的 也上手了。当初问人家，说开哪个队比较好，非豪门类，要意甲德甲的(英 超西甲有外籍球员限制 麻烦)，然后一人跟我说用佛罗伦萨，第二赛季给 六千万转会费，我就信了。佛罗伦萨真不错，新星不少，董事会压力小， 王牌球员靠得住(玩了一个赛季拿了冠军董事会没给我六千万，鄙视下，不 过这只球队真的很好，我也成了佛罗伦萨的球迷)。 言归正传。 首先是战术、训练、转会的问题。 战术包有好几位高手都分享了自己的经验，比较熟悉的有海大师的那 套，还有4-2-3-1,4-2-2-2这两套。当初在客场面对国际米兰的时候，用了 4-2-3-1对抗国际米兰的4-2-3-1，本来想保平，但是出人意料的1:0干掉了 国米，那时候信心爆棚，结果再打拉齐奥和罗马的时候，就出现了很大的 漏洞，之后又又换了幽灵战术等各种大师们的战术，总是时好时坏。 总结了一下，感觉大师们的战斗经验很宝贵，但是一方面不是自己的 心得，另一方面球员不一定适用，于是大胆尝试寻找自己的战术。个人比 较偏爱双前锋和边锋战术，于是就选定4-2-2-2，四个后卫，一个后腰，一 个中场，双边锋，双中锋。 前锋： 巴巴卡+吉拉迪诺 巴巴卡的潜力很高，可用性可塑性都很强，大家可以根据自己的需要 来培养。吉拉迪诺，玩cm0304的时候这家伙给我的印象很不好，所以本来 不怎么看好他，当初有朋友给我回帖说很好用我也不怎么认同(朋友你要是 来看帖我还是得向你竖大拇指，你说的真准)，结果一个赛季下来，联赛27 球，力压埃托奥拿了第一射手，状态不算持续稳定型，但是绝对是全能前 锋的身手。得分和创造机会能力都很强，非常无私地传球给别人。 前锋微调法： 前锋定位为全能，让巴巴卡拜师吉拉迪诺学学本事，成长的更快。 详细设定为： 比赛心态拉到进攻，大概80%那地方; 自由度最高; 传球方式拉到混合70%那地方; 压迫方式：全场紧逼; 抢断：拉到中间;
IEC-61854架空线.隔离层的要求和检验
NORMEINTERNATIONALECEI IEC INTERNATIONALSTANDARD 61854Première éditionFirst edition1998-09Lignes aériennes –Exigences et essais applicables aux entretoisesOverhead lines –Requirements and tests for spacersCommission Electrotechnique InternationaleInternational Electrotechnical Commission Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueurFor price, see current catalogue© IEC 1998 Droits de reproduction réservés Copyright - all rights reservedAucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite niutilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucunprocédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photo-copie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur.No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.International Electrotechnical Commission 3, rue de Varembé Geneva, SwitzerlandTelefax: +41 22 919 0300e-mail: inmail@iec.ch IEC web site http: //www.iec.chCODE PRIX PRICE CODE X– 2 –61854 © CEI:1998SOMMAIREPages AVANT-PROPOS (6)Articles1Domaine d'application (8)2Références normatives (8)3Définitions (12)4Exigences générales (12)4.1Conception (12)4.2Matériaux (14)4.2.1Généralités (14)4.2.2Matériaux non métalliques (14)4.3Masse, dimensions et tolérances (14)4.4Protection contre la corrosion (14)4.5Aspect et finition de fabrication (14)4.6Marquage (14)4.7Consignes d'installation (14)5Assurance de la qualité (16)6Classification des essais (16)6.1Essais de type (16)6.1.1Généralités (16)6.1.2Application (16)6.2Essais sur échantillon (16)6.2.1Généralités (16)6.2.2Application (16)6.2.3Echantillonnage et critères de réception (18)6.3Essais individuels de série (18)6.3.1Généralités (18)6.3.2Application et critères de réception (18)6.4Tableau des essais à effectuer (18)7Méthodes d'essai (22)7.1Contrôle visuel (22)7.2Vérification des dimensions, des matériaux et de la masse (22)7.3Essai de protection contre la corrosion (22)7.3.1Composants revêtus par galvanisation à chaud (autres queles fils d'acier galvanisés toronnés) (22)7.3.2Produits en fer protégés contre la corrosion par des méthodes autresque la galvanisation à chaud (24)7.3.3Fils d'acier galvanisé toronnés (24)7.3.4Corrosion causée par des composants non métalliques (24)7.4Essais non destructifs (24)61854 © IEC:1998– 3 –CONTENTSPage FOREWORD (7)Clause1Scope (9)2Normative references (9)3Definitions (13)4General requirements (13)4.1Design (13)4.2Materials (15)4.2.1General (15)4.2.2Non-metallic materials (15)4.3Mass, dimensions and tolerances (15)4.4Protection against corrosion (15)4.5Manufacturing appearance and finish (15)4.6Marking (15)4.7Installation instructions (15)5Quality assurance (17)6Classification of tests (17)6.1Type tests (17)6.1.1General (17)6.1.2Application (17)6.2Sample tests (17)6.2.1General (17)6.2.2Application (17)6.2.3Sampling and acceptance criteria (19)6.3Routine tests (19)6.3.1General (19)6.3.2Application and acceptance criteria (19)6.4Table of tests to be applied (19)7Test methods (23)7.1Visual examination (23)7.2Verification of dimensions, materials and mass (23)7.3Corrosion protection test (23)7.3.1Hot dip galvanized components (other than stranded galvanizedsteel wires) (23)7.3.2Ferrous components protected from corrosion by methods other thanhot dip galvanizing (25)7.3.3Stranded galvanized steel wires (25)7.3.4Corrosion caused by non-metallic components (25)7.4Non-destructive tests (25)– 4 –61854 © CEI:1998 Articles Pages7.5Essais mécaniques (26)7.5.1Essais de glissement des pinces (26)7.5.1.1Essai de glissement longitudinal (26)7.5.1.2Essai de glissement en torsion (28)7.5.2Essai de boulon fusible (28)7.5.3Essai de serrage des boulons de pince (30)7.5.4Essais de courant de court-circuit simulé et essais de compressionet de traction (30)7.5.4.1Essai de courant de court-circuit simulé (30)7.5.4.2Essai de compression et de traction (32)7.5.5Caractérisation des propriétés élastiques et d'amortissement (32)7.5.6Essais de flexibilité (38)7.5.7Essais de fatigue (38)7.5.7.1Généralités (38)7.5.7.2Oscillation de sous-portée (40)7.5.7.3Vibrations éoliennes (40)7.6Essais de caractérisation des élastomères (42)7.6.1Généralités (42)7.6.2Essais (42)7.6.3Essai de résistance à l'ozone (46)7.7Essais électriques (46)7.7.1Essais d'effet couronne et de tension de perturbations radioélectriques..467.7.2Essai de résistance électrique (46)7.8Vérification du comportement vibratoire du système faisceau/entretoise (48)Annexe A (normative) Informations techniques minimales à convenirentre acheteur et fournisseur (64)Annexe B (informative) Forces de compression dans l'essai de courantde court-circuit simulé (66)Annexe C (informative) Caractérisation des propriétés élastiques et d'amortissementMéthode de détermination de la rigidité et de l'amortissement (70)Annexe D (informative) Contrôle du comportement vibratoire du systèmefaisceau/entretoise (74)Bibliographie (80)Figures (50)Tableau 1 – Essais sur les entretoises (20)Tableau 2 – Essais sur les élastomères (44)61854 © IEC:1998– 5 –Clause Page7.5Mechanical tests (27)7.5.1Clamp slip tests (27)7.5.1.1Longitudinal slip test (27)7.5.1.2Torsional slip test (29)7.5.2Breakaway bolt test (29)7.5.3Clamp bolt tightening test (31)7.5.4Simulated short-circuit current test and compression and tension tests (31)7.5.4.1Simulated short-circuit current test (31)7.5.4.2Compression and tension test (33)7.5.5Characterisation of the elastic and damping properties (33)7.5.6Flexibility tests (39)7.5.7Fatigue tests (39)7.5.7.1General (39)7.5.7.2Subspan oscillation (41)7.5.7.3Aeolian vibration (41)7.6Tests to characterise elastomers (43)7.6.1General (43)7.6.2Tests (43)7.6.3Ozone resistance test (47)7.7Electrical tests (47)7.7.1Corona and radio interference voltage (RIV) tests (47)7.7.2Electrical resistance test (47)7.8Verification of vibration behaviour of the bundle-spacer system (49)Annex A (normative) Minimum technical details to be agreed betweenpurchaser and supplier (65)Annex B (informative) Compressive forces in the simulated short-circuit current test (67)Annex C (informative) Characterisation of the elastic and damping propertiesStiffness-Damping Method (71)Annex D (informative) Verification of vibration behaviour of the bundle/spacer system (75)Bibliography (81)Figures (51)Table 1 – Tests on spacers (21)Table 2 – Tests on elastomers (45)– 6 –61854 © CEI:1998 COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE––––––––––LIGNES AÉRIENNES –EXIGENCES ET ESSAIS APPLICABLES AUX ENTRETOISESAVANT-PROPOS1)La CEI (Commission Electrotechnique Internationale) est une organisation mondiale de normalisation composéede l'ensemble des comités électrotechniques nationaux (Comités nationaux de la CEI). La CEI a pour objet de favoriser la coopération internationale pour toutes les questions de normalisation dans les domaines de l'électricité et de l'électronique. A cet effet, la CEI, entre autres activités, publie des Normes internationales.Leur élaboration est confiée à des comités d'études, aux travaux desquels tout Comité national intéressé par le sujet traité peut participer. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec la CEI, participent également aux travaux. La CEI collabore étroitement avec l'Organisation Internationale de Normalisation (ISO), selon des conditions fixées par accord entre les deux organisations.2)Les décisions ou accords officiels de la CEI concernant les questions techniques représentent, dans la mesuredu possible un accord international sur les sujets étudiés, étant donné que les Comités nationaux intéressés sont représentés dans chaque comité d’études.3)Les documents produits se présentent sous la forme de recommandations internationales. Ils sont publiéscomme normes, rapports techniques ou guides et agréés comme tels par les Comités nationaux.4)Dans le but d'encourager l'unification internationale, les Comités nationaux de la CEI s'engagent à appliquer defaçon transparente, dans toute la mesure possible, les Normes internationales de la CEI dans leurs normes nationales et régionales. Toute divergence entre la norme de la CEI et la norme nationale ou régionale correspondante doit être indiquée en termes clairs dans cette dernière.5)La CEI n’a fixé aucune procédure concernant le marquage comme indication d’approbation et sa responsabilitén’est pas engagée quand un matériel est déclaré conforme à l’une de ses normes.6) L’attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments de la présente Norme internationale peuvent fairel’objet de droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. La CEI ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et de ne pas avoir signalé leur existence.La Norme internationale CEI 61854 a été établie par le comité d'études 11 de la CEI: Lignes aériennes.Le texte de cette norme est issu des documents suivants:FDIS Rapport de vote11/141/FDIS11/143/RVDLe rapport de vote indiqué dans le tableau ci-dessus donne toute information sur le vote ayant abouti à l'approbation de cette norme.L’annexe A fait partie intégrante de cette norme.Les annexes B, C et D sont données uniquement à titre d’information.61854 © IEC:1998– 7 –INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION––––––––––OVERHEAD LINES –REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS FOR SPACERSFOREWORD1)The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprisingall national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.2)The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, aninternational consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested National Committees.3)The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the formof standards, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.4)In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC InternationalStandards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly indicated in the latter.5)The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for anyequipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subjectof patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 61854 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 11: Overhead lines.The text of this standard is based on the following documents:FDIS Report on voting11/141/FDIS11/143/RVDFull information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table.Annex A forms an integral part of this standard.Annexes B, C and D are for information only.– 8 –61854 © CEI:1998LIGNES AÉRIENNES –EXIGENCES ET ESSAIS APPLICABLES AUX ENTRETOISES1 Domaine d'applicationLa présente Norme internationale s'applique aux entretoises destinées aux faisceaux de conducteurs de lignes aériennes. Elle recouvre les entretoises rigides, les entretoises flexibles et les entretoises amortissantes.Elle ne s'applique pas aux espaceurs, aux écarteurs à anneaux et aux entretoises de mise à la terre.NOTE – La présente norme est applicable aux pratiques de conception de lignes et aux entretoises les plus couramment utilisées au moment de sa rédaction. Il peut exister d'autres entretoises auxquelles les essais spécifiques décrits dans la présente norme ne s'appliquent pas.Dans de nombreux cas, les procédures d'essai et les valeurs d'essai sont convenues entre l'acheteur et le fournisseur et sont énoncées dans le contrat d'approvisionnement. L'acheteur est le mieux à même d'évaluer les conditions de service prévues, qu'il convient d'utiliser comme base à la définition de la sévérité des essais.La liste des informations techniques minimales à convenir entre acheteur et fournisseur est fournie en annexe A.2 Références normativesLes documents normatifs suivants contiennent des dispositions qui, par suite de la référence qui y est faite, constituent des dispositions valables pour la présente Norme internationale. Au moment de la publication, les éditions indiquées étaient en vigueur. Tout document normatif est sujet à révision et les parties prenantes aux accords fondés sur la présente Norme internationale sont invitées à rechercher la possibilité d'appliquer les éditions les plus récentes des documents normatifs indiqués ci-après. Les membres de la CEI et de l'ISO possèdent le registre des Normes internationales en vigueur.CEI 60050(466):1990, Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International (VEI) – Chapitre 466: Lignes aériennesCEI 61284:1997, Lignes aériennes – Exigences et essais pour le matériel d'équipementCEI 60888:1987, Fils en acier zingué pour conducteurs câblésISO 34-1:1994, Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique – Détermination de la résistance au déchirement – Partie 1: Eprouvettes pantalon, angulaire et croissantISO 34-2:1996, Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique – Détermination de la résistance au déchirement – Partie 2: Petites éprouvettes (éprouvettes de Delft)ISO 37:1994, Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique – Détermination des caractéristiques de contrainte-déformation en traction61854 © IEC:1998– 9 –OVERHEAD LINES –REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS FOR SPACERS1 ScopeThis International Standard applies to spacers for conductor bundles of overhead lines. It covers rigid spacers, flexible spacers and spacer dampers.It does not apply to interphase spacers, hoop spacers and bonding spacers.NOTE – This standard is written to cover the line design practices and spacers most commonly used at the time of writing. There may be other spacers available for which the specific tests reported in this standard may not be applicable.In many cases, test procedures and test values are left to agreement between purchaser and supplier and are stated in the procurement contract. The purchaser is best able to evaluate the intended service conditions, which should be the basis for establishing the test severity.In annex A, the minimum technical details to be agreed between purchaser and supplier are listed.2 Normative referencesThe following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication of this standard, the editions indicated were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.IEC 60050(466):1990, International Electrotechnical vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 466: Overhead linesIEC 61284:1997, Overhead lines – Requirements and tests for fittingsIEC 60888:1987, Zinc-coated steel wires for stranded conductorsISO 34-1:1994, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of tear strength – Part 1: Trouser, angle and crescent test piecesISO 34-2:1996, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of tear strength – Part 2: Small (Delft) test piecesISO 37:1994, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of tensile stress-strain properties– 10 –61854 © CEI:1998 ISO 188:1982, Caoutchouc vulcanisé – Essais de résistance au vieillissement accéléré ou à la chaleurISO 812:1991, Caoutchouc vulcanisé – Détermination de la fragilité à basse températureISO 815:1991, Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique – Détermination de la déformation rémanente après compression aux températures ambiantes, élevées ou bassesISO 868:1985, Plastiques et ébonite – Détermination de la dureté par pénétration au moyen d'un duromètre (dureté Shore)ISO 1183:1987, Plastiques – Méthodes pour déterminer la masse volumique et la densitérelative des plastiques non alvéolairesISO 1431-1:1989, Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique – Résistance au craquelage par l'ozone – Partie 1: Essai sous allongement statiqueISO 1461,— Revêtements de galvanisation à chaud sur produits finis ferreux – Spécifications1) ISO 1817:1985, Caoutchouc vulcanisé – Détermination de l'action des liquidesISO 2781:1988, Caoutchouc vulcanisé – Détermination de la masse volumiqueISO 2859-1:1989, Règles d'échantillonnage pour les contrôles par attributs – Partie 1: Plans d'échantillonnage pour les contrôles lot par lot, indexés d'après le niveau de qualité acceptable (NQA)ISO 2859-2:1985, Règles d'échantillonnage pour les contrôles par attributs – Partie 2: Plans d'échantillonnage pour les contrôles de lots isolés, indexés d'après la qualité limite (QL)ISO 2921:1982, Caoutchouc vulcanisé – Détermination des caractéristiques à basse température – Méthode température-retrait (essai TR)ISO 3417:1991, Caoutchouc – Détermination des caractéristiques de vulcanisation à l'aide du rhéomètre à disque oscillantISO 3951:1989, Règles et tables d'échantillonnage pour les contrôles par mesures des pourcentages de non conformesISO 4649:1985, Caoutchouc – Détermination de la résistance à l'abrasion à l'aide d'un dispositif à tambour tournantISO 4662:1986, Caoutchouc – Détermination de la résilience de rebondissement des vulcanisats––––––––––1) A publierThis is a preview - click here to buy the full publication61854 © IEC:1998– 11 –ISO 188:1982, Rubber, vulcanized – Accelerated ageing or heat-resistance testsISO 812:1991, Rubber, vulcanized – Determination of low temperature brittlenessISO 815:1991, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of compression set at ambient, elevated or low temperaturesISO 868:1985, Plastics and ebonite – Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore hardness)ISO 1183:1987, Plastics – Methods for determining the density and relative density of non-cellular plasticsISO 1431-1:1989, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Resistance to ozone cracking –Part 1: static strain testISO 1461, — Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated ferrous products – Specifications1)ISO 1817:1985, Rubber, vulcanized – Determination of the effect of liquidsISO 2781:1988, Rubber, vulcanized – Determination of densityISO 2859-1:1989, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes – Part 1: Sampling plans indexed by acceptable quality level (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspectionISO 2859-2:1985, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes – Part 2: Sampling plans indexed by limiting quality level (LQ) for isolated lot inspectionISO 2921:1982, Rubber, vulcanized – Determination of low temperature characteristics –Temperature-retraction procedure (TR test)ISO 3417:1991, Rubber – Measurement of vulcanization characteristics with the oscillating disc curemeterISO 3951:1989, Sampling procedures and charts for inspection by variables for percent nonconformingISO 4649:1985, Rubber – Determination of abrasion resistance using a rotating cylindrical drum deviceISO 4662:1986, Rubber – Determination of rebound resilience of vulcanizates–––––––––1) To be published.。
德国施密特Simita 品牌 德方客户经理 媒体问答稿
服务经理媒体稿1,请简单介绍下Simita品牌和您自己。
答：Simita 品牌起源于一战后的德国，至今已经积累了100年悠久的历史，其品牌创始人威廉·施密特出生于德国，他既是是一位终身执着于热能研究的工程师，科学家，又是一位致力于提高人们生活品质的理想家，是他奠定了Simita品牌未来的发展基调，如同生物的DNA, 历史演变一直沿着这种遗传链条延续。
1991年，Simita开始了品牌化的道路，德国精密严谨技术和执着的提高人民品质生活的信念，驱动着Simita 品牌一路创新拼搏，2011年，勃登（上海）家居用品有限公司成立，作为Simita中国地区唯一的代理运营商，勃登（上海）全权代理Simita品牌在中国乃至亚太地区的营运，生产和销售。
我来自于德国，出生在施密特的发源地康斯坦茨市。
作为一个服务支持经理，我很享受作为一个桥梁，使得德国精密制造的精髓发扬到中国，服务于中国大众。
2, Simita品牌在进入中国的2年半时间内，用实力已经征服了大众的认可，可是比起这个行业的领导者，还存在距离，您怎么看待这种差距？答：施密特品牌不是一蹴而就的穿越者，是拥有100年的历史沉淀的文化传奇，这种沉淀不是简单时间的刷新，而是一点一滴文化和历史的交融互动，沉淀历练，直至精华提炼的过程。
这一切有理由让大家相信，我们不是现代商业的推手，而是历史文化的传承者，我们是在借商业之手，将施密特优质的生活品质送给消费者大众，这才是我们在做的事情。
我们承认，施密特在品牌成熟度上还不很完备，我也是目前我们在努力做的事情，好的品牌不能一直被埋没，需要走出古老的城堡，走出设计室，走进大众生活，不然将和Simita 的初衷提高人们生活品质相背离。
3，Simita未来在中国区发展的短中期战略规划：答：Simita在做一个品牌本土化的事情，即在传承德国精密制造精髓的同时，丰富Simita品牌文化的内涵并扩展产品品类，为此我们签约了一批优秀且熟知中国市场的本土化设计师，力图制造出更多符合中国特色的设计和产品品类，为品牌的发展注入了更多绚烂的内涵和发展契机！与此同时，我们的品牌专柜目前在中国一，二线城市百货专柜全面铺开，使施密特品牌以更加专业，更加亲民的形象走入大众生活。
2011年HERMES培训资料
Kelly Bag
Kelly分类：
• Pochette Kelly（凯利小型手袋）
• KELLY
Hermes2011----春夏乡村凯莉包
• 这款“乡村凯莉包”(Country Kelly)是两 种传统技艺结合的产物：篮子编制和皮革 制作，优雅简洁，出人意料。两个藤条外 壳通过人字呢系带与Barenia小牛皮部件— 内口袋、袋盖和挎带—相连，保证了皮包 结构稳固、便于握持。堪称一款真正的野 餐小竹篮。
•
•
珊瑚梦
• “鲜血之花”，天使的皮肤——人们因它的颜色而取的名字足以证明 这种奇怪动物的丰富象征意义。 • 它的形状如同树杈一般，是许多珍贵的装饰品和珠宝制品的灵感 来源。其体内含有的胡萝卜素让它呈现出各种色彩，从炽烈的鲜红到 清淡的粉色，还可能是纯净的白色或是浓重的黑色。奇特的性状让珊 瑚制品在装饰陈列柜中享有尊贵的地位，而它不规则的形状也让巴洛 克风格得以自由施展其上。只要在酸中浸泡一下，经过多次的打磨和 抛光，珊瑚就能被打造成珠子、浮雕、垂饰、摇铃……它原本的形状 总能给巧手工匠们独特的灵感，塑造成最终的模样。 • 而其中的一款珊瑚制品为这款丝巾增添了亮色：一只有趣的小茶 壶，壶盖上点缀有一只俏皮的猴子。茶壶放置在螺旋形排列的珊瑚珠 末端，珊瑚珠上还拴着一个个叫不出名的护身符，他们看上去似曾相 识，但我们却对其一无所知。这是不是可以称为“珊瑚梦”的一种定 义呢？ • 设计师：Annie Faivre
梦幻的云朵
• 想象如同易碎的器皿，而云朵勾勒出我们的梦幻。宁静深沉、变幻莫 测的云朵将光线遮蔽，牵引着我们的思绪，象征着瞬息万变——我们 都能自由自在地透过云彩描绘各种幻想。 • 这款丝巾的灵感来自于一团形状奇异的浮云，上面画满了树叶和 花朵，艺术家带着一颗谐趣的童心全手工完成了这件作品。那些想象 出来的动物或是躲在山洞里，或是骄傲地梳理着自己的毛发，都被生 动地呈现在精美的图案上。四条腿的小鸟，会飞的鱼，长翅膀的山羊， 人鱼一般的马儿……这些栩栩如生的生灵在呼吸间好像把云朵又塑造 成了闪烁的眼睛，吸收着它们吞吐的每一个字。毫无疑问，它们正在 学习着今后的生计。 • 积云、雨云、卷云、或是层云——保护着地球不被阳光暴晒所吞 噬，制造出雨水浇灌土壤，抑或仅仅随风飘曳——它们本身的使命演 绎出丰富的艺术气质。 • 设计师：Christine Henry
M. E. J. Newman Assortative Mixing in Networks
VOLUME 89, N UMBER 20
PHYSICA L R EVIEW LET T ERSTable I we show values of r for a variety of realworld networks. As the table shows, of the social networks studied (the top five entries in the table) all have significant assortative mixing. By contrast, the technological and biological networks (the middle six entries in Table I) are all disassortative. We have also calculated r analytically for three models ˝ s and Re ´ nyi of networks: (1) the random graph of Erdo [14], in which edges are placed at random between a fixed set of vertices; (2) the grown graph model of Callaway et al. [6], in which both edges and vertices are added at random at constant but possibly different rates, the ratio of the rates being denoted ; (3) the grown graph model of ´ si and Albert [4], in which both edges and vertices Baraba are added, and one end of each edge is added with linear preferential attachment, meaning that the probability of its attaching to a vertex is proportional to the current degree of that vertex. For the random graph, since edges are placed at random without regard to vertex degree it follows trivially that r 0 in the limit of large graph size. The model of Callaway et al., however, although apparently similar in construction, shows markedly different behavior: using
001 (ISSCC tutorial)Noise Analysis in Switched-Capacitor Circuits
© 2011 IEEE
IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference
© 2011 IEEE
Thermal Noise Power
• Nyquist showed that
PSD ( f ) = 4kT
• The total average noise power of a resistor in a certain frequency band is therefore
– Examples: Audio systems, wireless transceivers, sensor interfaces
• Electronic noise directly trades with power dissipation and speed • Electronic noise is a major concern in modern technologies with reduced VDD
• The noise of a MOSFET operating in the triode region is approximately equal to that of a resistor • In the saturation region, the thermal noise can be modeled using a drain current source with power spectral density
• We can model the noise using an equivalent voltage or current generator
2 vn
= Pn ⋅ R = 4kT ⋅ R ⋅ Δf
2011年考研英语一真题答案及解析
2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析文章出自2009年4月的《科学美国人》（Scientific American）,作者Steve Ayan,原文题目为How Humor Makes You Friendlier,Sexier：幽默如何使你更加有人缘且性感。
文章主要探讨了笑的作用以及情感和肌肉反应之间的相互关系。
第一段由古希腊哲学家亚里士多德的观点引出“笑是有益于健康的身体运动”。
第二、三段承接上文，阐述了笑能放松肌肉，从而帮助减轻心理紧张的程度。
第四段以在1988年公布的一项实验为例论证了情绪是肌肉反应的结果，笑这一行为可以使心情好转。
二、试题解析1.[A]among在……之中[B]except除了[C]despite尽管[D]like像，如同【答案】[C]【考点】上下文逻辑关系+介词辨析【解析】第一段第一句意思是：古希腊哲学家亚里士多德把笑看作是“有益于健康的身体运动”，由连词but可知，第二句与第一句形成语义转折，即一些人提出相反的观点：笑不利于身体健康。
第二句逗号之后又提出：笑可能对身体健康几乎没有影响，这是对前两种观点的否定，由此判断第二句的句内逻辑是转折关系，[A]、[B]、[C]、[D]四个选项中只有[C]despite“尽管”表示转折，所以是正确答案。
2.[A]reflect反映[B]demand要求[C]indicate表明，预示[D]produce产生，引起【答案】[D]【考点】上下文语义衔接+动词辨析【解析】上下文语境是“笑确实能对心血管功能短期的改变”，具体说明笑对身体产生的影响。
所选动词要与后面的changes构成动宾关系，并且带有“发生……作用，产生……效果”的含义。
四个选项中[A]reflect“反映”，[B]demand“要求”，[C]indicate“表明，暗示”，[D]produce“产生”，只有[D]选项“产生、引起”符合本句语境，所以是正确答案。
DB_PCap01Ax_0301_电容测试芯片
RMS 噪声和精度 vs. 输出数据频率.......................................................................................................... 2-3
2.2.2
RMS 噪声 vs. 供电电压............................................................................................................................... 2-5
1.2 典型应用
湿度传感器 位移传感器 压力传感器 力学传感器 加速度传感器 倾角传感器 角度传感器 无线应用 夜位开关传感器 麦克风 MEMS 传感器
acam-messelectronic gmbh - Am Hasenbiel 27 - D-76297 Stutensee-Blankenloch - Germany - www.acam.de
3 转换器前端
3.1 CDC 测量原理 3.2 重要 CDC 参数 3.3 CDC 外部电路 3.4 连接电容传感器 3.5 选择放电电阻 3.6 补偿测量
4.1 串行通信
4 接口 (串行通信和 Pulse-Density通信) 4.2 PDM/PWM 和 GPIO
5 读 & 写寄存器 6 DSP, 存储 & 固件
1-1
4
1.3 内部结构原理图
图 1-1: 内部结构原理图
PCapØ1Ax-0301
1-2
acam-messelectronic gmbh - Am Hasenbiel 27 - D-76297 Stutensee-Blankenloch - Germany - www.acam.de
足球经理2011妖人分析
免签强人Most notable free agents in FM2011: Goalkeepers:- Dida (36)- Timo Ochs (28)- Alberto Fontana (43)- Sebastian Cejas (35)Defenders Center:- Danny Shittu (29)- Calum Davenport (27)- Andy Butler (26)- Izzy Iriekpen (28)- Sam Sodje (31)- Jay DeMerit (30)- Radhanfah Abu Bakr (23)- Pele (32)Wing Back Right:- Steve Finnan (34)- Derek Geary (30)- Liam Rosenior (25)- Kerrea Gilbert (23)- Yassin Moutaouakil (23)- Ben Hoskin (19)- David Cowan (28)Wing Back Left:- Sylvinho (36)- Michael Ball (30)- Joe Martin (21)Defensive Midfielders:- Gavin Mahon (33)- Gavin McCann (32)- Anderson Silva (27)- Andranik Teymourian (27)Attacking Midfielders:- Robert Pires (36)- Quinton Fortune (33)- Yildiray Basturk (31)- Simone Barone (32)- Bryan Hughes (34)- Chris James (23)- Ali Fuseini (21)- Nicky Travis (23) Wingers Right:- Oliver Kapo (29)- Fabrice Pancrate (30)- Bernard Mendy (28)- Andy van der Meyde (30) Wingers Left:- Dave van den Bergh (34) Strikers:Pacey- Darius Vassell (30)- Jeremie Aliadiere (27)- Febian Brandy (21)- Omar Koroma (20)Target- Julio Cruz (35)- Guillermo Franco (33)- Peter Styvar (29)- Marko Livaja (16)- Benedict Akwuegbu (35)FM2011 小牛概况一览(上传Slf文件留待诸位以后使用)所有数据皆为Editor查询所得, 如无意外, 应与正式版保持一致.备注:1.本次统计只收录潜力负值的小牛, FM2011中-10小牛锐减至2头, -9小牛共计143头.2.外租球员计入母队. 已达成转会协议但尚未转会的计入未来俱乐部.3.球员拥有多重国籍时以属性页显示国籍为准一.按大洲国籍划分1.亚洲-韩国(2人:孙红敏李青龙) 日本(1人:香川真司) 阿联酋(1人)2.非洲-加纳(2人) 科特迪瓦(2人) 尼日利亚(2人)3.北美-墨西哥(4人)4.南美-阿根廷(6人) 巴西(16人) 哥伦比亚(1人) 乌拉圭(1人) 智利(2人)5.欧洲-奥地利(3人) 比利时(3人) 冰岛(1人) 波黑(2人) 波兰(1人) 丹麦(1人) 德国(3人) 俄罗斯(1人) 法国(24人) 格鲁吉亚(2人) 荷兰(5人) 捷克(4人) 克罗地亚(3人) 葡萄牙(8人) 瑞士(2人) 塞尔维亚(1人) 斯洛伐克(1人) 斯洛文尼亚(1人) 苏格兰(1人) 土耳其(3人) 威尔士(1人) 西班牙(14人) 希腊(1人) 意大利(6人) 英格兰(13人)总结:欧洲以106人的绝对优势领先,而这其中法国就贡献了近1/4的小牛.德国仅有3人有些意外;美洲方面共计30人, 巴西独占一半,从门将到前锋, 足球王国在各个位置都有充裕的人才储备;非洲6人中只有加纳两人及尼日利亚的sani依然留守本土,Torric价廉物美, 不知道新作中的中超是不是依然对他具有吸引力;亚洲方面则略显寒酸.二.按照年龄划分1.16岁组(18人)2.17岁组(34人)3.18岁组(43人)4.19岁组(28人)5.20岁组(12人)5.21岁组(5人)6.22岁组(3人)7.23岁组(1人:Begovic)总结: 关于年龄问题,需要考虑的只是俱乐部(或国内)培养规则:A.在15岁到21岁效力满三年B.21岁前效力满三年三.按照位置划分1.门将(6人)2.后卫(29人)3.进攻性边后卫(9人)4.防守型中场(10人)5.中场(86人)6.攻击性中场(70人)7.射手(53人)备注:因很多人可以打多个位置,故而统计数字超标.四.按合同类型划分1.全职合同(122人)2.学徒合同(20人)3.业余合同(1人:Sani)4.自由球员(1人:Marko Livaja--1993.8.26出生的小正太...全球禁赛至2011年儿童节)总结:原本懵懂无知的小孩子有了经纪人之后...OMG五.按联赛俱乐部划分意大利国际米兰(2人):Coutinho, Lorenzo Crisetig亚特兰大(1人):Matias Ezequiel Schelotto热那亚(1人):Stephan El Shaarawy帕勒莫(1人):Abel HernandezAC米兰(1人):Simone Verdi佛罗伦萨(1人):Adem Lajic西班牙马德里竞技(5人):Borja Baston, Pichu Atienza, Jorge Pulido, Keko, German Pacheco 皇马(2人):Jese Rodriguez Ruiz, Pablo Sarabia巴塞罗那(2人):Thiago, Marc Muniesa比利亚雷亚尔(1人):Mateo Musacchio皇家社会(1人):Antoine Griezmann瓦伦西亚(1人):Francisco Alcacer毕尔巴鄂竞技(1人):Iker Muniain阿尔梅里亚(1人):Stanley Okoro希洪竞技(1人):Amine萨拉戈萨(1人):Kevin塞尔塔(1人):Denis英格兰切尔西(6人):Philipp Prosenik, Gael Kakuta, Josh McEachran, Daniel Sturridge, Tomas Kalas, Matej Delac利物浦(6人):Jonjo Shelvey, Toni Silva, Daniel Pacheco, Suso, Danny Wilson, Jack Robinson曼联(6人):Davide Petrucci, Ravel Morrison, Rafael, Fabio, Bebe, Macheda阿森纳(3人):Aaron Ramsey[-10], Jack Wilshere, Wellington Silva曼城(3人):Dedryck Boyata, Alex Nimely, Vladimir Weiss伊普斯维奇(1人):Connor Wickham西汉姆联(1人):Jordan Spence斯托克城(1人):Asmir Begovic纽卡斯尔(1人):Haris Vuckic伯明翰(1人):Jack Butland布莱克本(1人):Phil Jones热刺(1人):Harry kane博尔顿(1人):李青龙狼(1人):Zeli Ismail德国沙尔克04(3人):Lewis Holtby, Levan kenia, Kyriakos Papadopoulos多特蒙德(2人):Shinji kagawa[香川真司], Mario Gotze霍芬海姆(2人):Franco Zuculini, Gylfi Sigurosson勒沃库森(1人):Andre Schurrle[2011.7.1加盟]斯图加特(1人):Raphael Holzhauser狼堡(1人):Nassim Ben Khalifa拜仁(1人):Dabid Alaba汉堡(1人):孙红敏法国朗斯(5人):Alexandre Coeff, Thorgan Hazard, Serge Aurier, Raphael Varane, Darnel Situ, Mehdi Abeid摩纳哥(3人):Nampalys Mendy, T erence Makengo, Dennis Appiah巴黎圣日耳曼(2人):Alphonse Areola[-10], Abdallah Yaisien里昂(2人):Clement Grenier, Ishak Belfodil勒阿弗尔(1人):Zacharie Boucher蒙彼利埃(1人):Younes Belhanda格勒诺布尔(1人):Atila Turan索肖(1人):Cedric Bakambu雷恩(1人):Yacine Brahimi南特(1人):Sofiane Hanni卡昂(1人):Lenny Nangis勒芒(1人):T ony Huston里尔(1人):Lucas Digne马赛(1人):Chris Gadi荷兰费耶诺德(2人):Georginio Wijnaldun, Luc Castaignos阿贾克斯(2人):Christian Eriksen, Ouasim Bouy格拉夫夏普(1人):Piotr Parzyszek埃因霍温(1人):Zakaria Labyad海伦芬(1人):Arsenio Valpoort乌德勒支(1人):Marko Maletic葡萄牙本菲卡(3人):Fabio Coentrao, Roderick Miranda, Nelson Oliveira 波尔图(2人):Sergio Oliveira, James Rodriguez里斯本竞技(2人):Adrien, Tobias Figueiredo欧洲其他联赛萨格勒布迪纳摩(1人):Mateo Kovacic布拉格斯拉维亚(1人):Adam Hlousek莫斯科中央陆军(1人):Alan dzagoev布拉格斯巴达(1人):Vaclav Kadlec安德莱赫特(1人):Romelu Lukaku奥洛莫茨(1人):T omas Horava巴塞尔(1人):Xherdan Shaqiri基辅迪纳摩(1人):Guilherme克鲁日(1人):Lacina Traore莫斯科斯巴达克(1人):Jano巴西桑托斯(3人):Tiago Alves, Alan Patrick, Zezinho 米内罗竞技(2人):Nikao, Wendel博塔弗戈(1人):Luis Guilherme圣保罗(1人):Lucas Piazon维多利亚(1人):Romario科林蒂安(1人):Dodo克鲁塞罗(1人):Dudu国际(1人):Oscar阿根廷亚特兰大(1人):Luis Bareiro独立(1人):Leonel Galeano博卡(1人):Sergio Araujo墨西哥阿特拉斯(1人):Edgar Ivan Pacheco克鲁兹警察(1人):Martin Galvan特科斯(1人):T aufic Guarch托卢卡(1人):Raul Nava其余联赛科洛科洛(2人):Sebastian Toro, Bryan Rabello My People(1人):Sani EmmanuelES突尼斯(1人):Mahatma Otoo阿赫利(1人):Ahmed Khalil橡树之心(1人):T orric自由球员(1人):Marko LivajaOrder Position Name Age Club CA PA1 GK David De Gea 20 At. Madrid 146 1752 GK Sergio Asenjo 21 At. Madrid 140 1653 GK Matej Delac 18 Vitesse 116 -94 GK Alphonse Areola 17 Paris Saint-Germain 103 -95 GK Luís Guilherme 18 Botafogo 90 -96 GK Zacharie Boucher 18 Havre AC 86 -97 GK Jack Butland 17 Birmingham 80 -98 GK Alex Smithies 20 Huddersfield 108 1609 GK Aliaksandr Hutar 21 BATE 105 15810 GK Renan 20 Avaí 129 15511 GK Rafael 21 Cruzeiro 120 15512 GK Renan Ribeiro 20 Atlético Mineiro 110 15513 GK Andrea Seculin 20 Fiorentina 101 15314 GK Neto 21 Atlético Paranaense 134 15215 GK Renan 21 Botafogo 129 1521 DR Diego Renan 20 Cruzeiro 134 1702 DR Rafael 20 Man Utd 140 -93 DR Kyle Walker 20 Tottenham 123 1654 DR Serge Aurier 18 RC Lens 117 -95 DR Dennis Appiah 18 AS Monaco FC 107 -96 DR Romário 17 Vitória 75 -97 DR Luis Bareiro 21 Atlanta 45 -98 DR Davide Santon 19 Inter 141 1639 DR César Azpilicueta 21 OM 141 16310 DR Sébastien Corchia 20 Le Mans FC 127 16011 DR Lamine Gassama 21 Olympique Lyonnais 118 16012 DR Dennis Diekmeier 21 HSV 127 15813 DR Sime Vrsaljko 18 Dinamo 118 15814 DR Dárvin Chávez 21 Atlas 122 15515 DR Mario 20 Villarreal 122 15416 DR Raul 20 Atlético Paranaense 121 15317 DR Ivan Tomecak 21 Dinamo 123 15218 DR Douglas 20 Goiás 119 15119 DR Daniel Adejo 21 Reggina 109 1511 DL José Ángel 21 Sporting 129 1672 DL Fábio 20 Man Utd 123 -93 DL Dodô 18 Corinthians 103 -94 DL Atila Turan 18 GF 38 99 -95 DL Lucas Digne 17 LOSC Lille Métropole 94 -96 DL Jack Robinson 17 Liverpool 65 -97 DL Marco Calderoni 21 Piacenza 103 1608 DL João Paulo 20 Figueirense 120 1589 DL Emiliano Insúa 21 Galatasaray 130 15510 DL Diego Contento 20 FC Bayern 124 15511 DL Thiago Carleto 21 São Paulo 124 15512 DL Konstantin Rausch 20 Hannover 118 15413 DL Jórbison 19 Flamengo 105 1531 DC Simon Kjær 21 Wolfsburg 151 1722 DC Mamadou Sakho 20 Paris Saint-Germain 135 1683 DC Mário Fernandes 20 Grêmio 137 1664 DC Ömer Toprak 21 Freiburg 130 1665 DC Mapou Yanga Mbiwa 21 Montpellier Hérault SC 138 1656 DC Mateo Musacchio 20 Villarreal 134 -97 DC Dejan Lovren 21 Olympique Lyonnais 134 1658 DC Rafael Tolói 20 Goiás 132 1659 DC Cédric Mongongu 21 AS Monaco FC 130 16510 DC Ezequiel Muñoz 20 Palermo 129 16511 DC Leonel Galeano 19 Independiente 127 -912 DC Danny Wilson 19 Liverpool 126 -913 DC Loïc Nestor 21 Havre AC 123 16514 DC Dedryck Boyata 20 Man City 118 -915 DC Sebastián Toro 20 Colo Colo 116 -916 DC Phil Jones 18 Blackburn 116 -917 DC Marc Muniesa 18 Barcelona At. 110 -918 DC Pichu Atienza 20 Atlético B 106 -919 DC Kyriakos Papadopoulos 18 Schalke 105 -920 DC Raphaël Varane 17 RC Lens 102 -921 DC Jordan Spence 20 West Ham 102 -922 DC Roderick Miranda 19 Benfica 100 -923 DC Darnel Situ 18 RC Lens 86 -924 DC Tomas Kalas 17 Sigma Olomouc 85 -925 DC Jorge Pulido 19 Atlético B 83 -926 DC Tony Huston 17 Le Mans FC 72 -927 DC Tobias Figueiredo 16 Sporting CP 60 -928 DC Breno 21 FC Bayern 136 16429 DC Holger Badstuber 21 FC Bayern 143 16330 DC Alberto Botía 21 Sporting 138 16231 DC Dalton 20 Internacional 125 16232 DC Álvaro Domínguez 21 At. Madrid 140 16033 DC Andreu Fontàs 21 Barcelona At. 125 16034 DC Abdel El Kaoutari 20 Montpellier Hérault SC 124 16035 DC Jean-Armel Kana-Biyik 21 Stade Rennais FC 118 16036 DC Stefan Reinartz 21 Leverkusen 135 15837 DC Sebastián Coates 20 Nacional 128 15838 DC Víctor Ruiz 21 Espanyol 138 15539 DC Mikel San José 21 Athletic 135 15540 DC James Tomkins 21 West Ham 126 15541 DC Ramzi Aya 20 Reggiana 94 15542 DC Fabrício 20 Palmeiras 129 15243 DC Mathias Jørgensen 20 FC København 125 15244 DC Hamdan Al-Kamali 21 Al-Wahda (UAE) 110 15245 DC Manoel 20 Atlético Paranaense 126 1511 DM Andrea Poli 21 Sampdoria 140 1762 DM Yann M'Vila 20 Stade Rennais FC 139 1753 DM Nicolas Nkoulou 20 AS Monaco FC 130 1704 DM Gueïda Fofana 19 Havre AC 116 1705 DM Sandro 21 Tottenham 137 1686 DM Nampalys Mendy 18 AS Monaco FC 116 -97 DM Daniel Kofi Agyei 18 Fiorentina 115 1658 DM Sérgio Oliveira 18 Beira-Mar 94 -99 DM Lorenzo Crisetig 17 Inter 87 -910 DM Samba Sow 21 RC Lens 127 16011 DM Cheikou Kouyaté 21 Anderlecht 127 16012 DM Alfred N'Diaye 20 AS Nancy Lorraine 120 16013 DM Zargo Touré 21 USBCO 114 16014 DM Mark Sekyere 21 ASEC 109 16015 DM Aírton 20 Benfica 131 15916 DM Sven Bender 21 Dortmund 129 15817 DM Radosav Petrovic 21 Partizan 130 15618 DM Facundo Agustinoy 21 Instituto 116 15619 DM Kyrylo Petrov 20 Kryvbas 104 15620 DM Maxime Gonalons 21 Olympique Lyonnais 125 15521 DM Allan 19 Vasco 116 15522 DM Edu Ramos 18 Málaga 105 15523 DM Luca Marrone 20 Siena 113 15424 DM Casemiro 18 São Paulo 125 15325 DM Lenon 20 Goiás 120 15326 DM Amine Linganzi 21 Blackburn 112 15227 DM Rômulo 20 Vasco 121 15128 DM Slobodan Medojevic 20 Vojvodina 105 151 FM2011 U21 PA150+童工一览（人贩子专用）1 MC Aaron Ramsey 20 Arsenal 135 -102 MC Moussa Sissoko 21 Toulouse FC 146 1803 MC Jack Rodwell 19 Everton 135 1724 MC Milan Badelj 21 Dinamo 140 1705 MC Leroy Fer 20 Feyenoord 135 1706 MC Lukman Haruna 20 AS Monaco FC 124 1707 MC Axel Witsel 21 Standard 132 1688 MC Mauricio Pereyra 20 Nacional 116 1669 MC Denys Garmash 20 Dynamo Kyiv 130 16510 MC Franco Zuculini 20 Genoa 125 -911 MC Adrien 21 M. Haifa 124 -912 MC Necip Uysal 19 Besiktas 120 -913 MC David Alaba 18 FC Bayern 119 -914 MC Zakaria Labyad 17 PSV 109 -915 MC Jonjo Shelvey 18 Liverpool 109 -916 MC Kevin 18 Zaragoza 109 -917 MC Josh McEachran 17 Chelsea 91 -918 MC Raphael Holzhauser 17 Stuttgart II 90 -919 MC Alexandre Coeff 18 RC Lens 82 -920 MC Torric 18 Hearts of Oak 75 -921 MC Ouasim Bouy 17 Ajax 70 -922 MC Bernardo 20 Goiás 131 16423 MC Tinga 20 Palmeiras 130 16224 MC Fabian Delph 21 Aston Villa 128 16225 MC André Ayew 21 OM 133 16026 MC Lars Bender 21 Leverkusen 131 16027 MC Grégory Sertic 21 RC Lens 126 16028 MC Jonathan dos Santos 20 Barcelona At. 120 16029 MC Gabriel Pimba 20 ABC 124 15830 MC Albin Ekdal 21 Bologna 123 15831 MC Maximiliano Calzada 20 Nacional 119 15832 MC Siem de Jong 21 Ajax 138 15633 MC Souza 21 Porto 129 15634 MC James McCarthy 20 Wigan 125 15635 MC Philipp Bargfrede 21 Werder Bremen 129 15536 MC Taner Yalçin 20 Köln 125 15537 MC Edgar Prib 21 Fürth 119 15538 MC Mehmet Ekici 20 Nürnberg 115 15539 MC Pedro 18 Sampdoria 112 15540 MC Zé Eduardo 19 Parma 107 15541 MC Nenad Krsticic 20 Sampdoria 90 15542 MC Wellington 19 São Paulo 118 15443 MC Vladyslav Kalitvintsev 17 Dynamo Kyiv 112 1511 MR Giuliano 20 Internacional 144 1732 MR Juan Iturbe 17 Quilmes 119 1683 MR Karim Aït Fana 21 Montpellier Hérault SC 134 1654 MR Matias Ezequiel Schelotto 21 Cesena 133 -95 MR Adem Ljajic 19 Fiorentina 132 -96 MR Gabriel Obertan 21 Man Utd 132 1657 MR Vladimir Weiss 21 Rangers 129 -98 MR Bebé 20 Man Utd 113 -99 MR Keko 19 Cartagena 110 -910 MR Stephan El Shaarawy 18 Padova 95 -911 MR Mirko Barocelli 19 Piacenza 86 16512 MR Zeli Ismail 17 Wolves 70 -913 MR Bruma 16 Sporting CP 65 -914 MR Toni Silva 17 Liverpool 60 -915 MR Raheem Sterling 16 Liverpool 55 -916 MR Giovani dos Santos 21 Tottenham 135 16217 MR Ryad Boudebouz 20 FC Sochaux-Montbé 128 16018 MR Wahbi Khazri 19 SC Bastia 112 16019 MR Simone Guerra 21 Piacenza 101 16020 MR Antonino Ragusa 20 Salernitana 93 16021 MR Youssef Msakni 20 ES Tunis 120 15922 MR Jonatan Gómez 21 Rosario Central 117 15723 MR David Hoilett 20 Blackburn 125 15524 MR Henri Saivet 20 Girondins Bordeaux 116 15525 MR Michael Ortega 19 Atlas 103 15326 MR Marc Albrighton 21 Aston Villa 123 15227 MR Tabaré Viudez 21 Necaxa 117 15228 MR Dugary 21 Genk 110 1521 ML Gareth Bale 21 Tottenham 150 1752 ML Marko Marin 21 Werder Bremen 147 1753 ML André Schürrle 20 Mainz 139 -94 ML James Rodríguez 19 Porto 134 -95 ML Lewis Holtby 20 Mainz 132 -96 ML Younès Belhanda 20 Montpellier Hérault SC 127 -97 ML Antoine Griezmann 19 R. Sociedad 127 -98 ML Xherdan Shaqiri 19 Basel 122 -99 ML Zezinho 18 Santos 117 -910 ML Germán Pacheco 19 Independiente 110 -911 ML Simone Verdi 18 A.C. Milan 107 -912 ML Pablo Sarabia 18 Castilla 90 -913 ML Berkin Arslan 18 Galatasaray 88 -914 ML Fausto Rossi 20 Vicenza 108 16115 ML Franck Tabanou 21 Toulouse FC 133 16016 ML Yohan Mollo 20 Stade Malherbe Caen 131 16017 ML Magaye Gueye 20 Everton 124 16018 ML Kieran Gibbs 21 Arsenal 124 16019 ML Rodrigo Alborno 17 Libertad 108 16020 ML Marco Reus 21 Gladbach 146 15821 ML Mario Ticinovic 19 Karlovac 115 15822 ML Jordi Alba 21 Valencia 132 15623 ML Miroslav Stoch 21 Fenerbahçe 130 15624 ML Valentin Stocker 21 Basel 130 15525 ML Marco D'Alessandro 19 Bari 115 15526 ML Gai Assulin 19 97 1511 AMC Paulo Henrique 21 Santos 153 1862 AMC Miralem Pjanic 20 Olympique Lyonnais 140 1853 AMC Javier Pastore 21 Palermo 153 1814 AMC Eden Hazard 19 LOSC Lille Métropole 155 1805 AMC Stevan Jovetic 21 Fiorentina 155 1796 AMC Sergio Canales 19 R. Madrid 144 1797 AMC Toni Kroos 20 FC Bayern 148 1788 AMC Douglas Costa 20 Shakhtar 147 1709 AMC Nicolás Lodeiro 21 Ajax 135 16810 AMC Eyal Golasa 19 M. Haifa 119 16711 AMC Thomas Müller 21 FC Bayern 153 16512 AMC Alex Teixeira 20 Shakhtar 138 16513 AMC Ander 21 Zaragoza 136 16514 AMC Jack Wilshere 18 Arsenal 135 -915 AMC Shinji Kagawa 21 Dortmund 133 -916 AMC Alan Dzagoev 20 CSKA Moscow 132 -917 AMC Georginio Wijnaldum 20 Feyenoord 131 -918 AMC Sotiris Ninis 20 Panathinaikos 130 16519 AMC Christian Eriksen 18 Ajax 130 -920 AMC Gylfi Sigurðsson 21 Hoffenheim 127 -921 AMC Sofiane Feghouli 21 Valencia 125 16522 AMC Édgar Iván Pacheco 20 Atlas 125 -923 AMC Levan Kenia 20 Schalke 124 -924 AMC Mario Götze 18 Dortmund 122 -925 AMC Thiago 19 Barcelona At. 122 -926 AMC Coutinho 18 Inter 121 -927 AMC Oscar 19 Internacional 120 -928 AMC Alan Patrick 19 Santos 120 -929 AMC Dudu 18 Coritiba 118 -930 AMC Yacine Brahimi 20 Stade Rennais FC 114 -931 AMC Clément Grenier 19 Olympique Lyonnais 114 -932 AMC Gaël Kakuta 19 Chelsea 112 -933 AMC Jano 18 Spartak Moscow 110 -934 AMC Martín Galván 17 Cruz Azul 110 -935 AMC Wendel 19 Atlético Mineiro 104 -936 AMC Thorgan Hazard 17 RC Lens 98 -937 AMC Haris Vuckic 18 Newcastle 90 -938 AMC Davide Petrucci 19 Man Utd 90 -939 AMC Mehdi Abeid 18 RC Lens 87 -940 AMC Mateo Kovacic 16 Dinamo 86 -941 AMC Bryan Rabello 16 Colo Colo 80 -942 AMC Suso 17 Liverpool 80 -943 AMC Ravel Morrison 17 Man Utd 78 -944 AMC Abdallah Yaisien 16 Paris Saint-Germain 75 -945 AMC Denís 16 Celta B 68 -946 AMC Jefferson Montero 21 Villarreal 128 16147 AMC Ilkay Gündogan 20 Nürnberg 123 16048 AMC Frédéric Bulot 20 AS Monaco FC 113 16049 AMC Tunay Torun 20 HSV 108 16050 AMC Diego Suarez 18 Dynamo-2 Kyiv 102 16051 AMC Lucas 18 São Paulo 127 15852 AMC Timo Gebhart 21 Stuttgart 135 15753 AMC Mazola 21 Guarani 128 15654 AMC Pablo Piatti 21 Almería 136 15555 AMC Daniel Parejo 21 Getafe 135 15556 AMC Iago 20 Villarreal "B" 117 15557 AMC Zvonko Pamic 19 Freiburg 117 15458 AMC Emre Çolak 19 Galatasaray 100 15359 AMC Adel Taarabt 21 Q.P.R. 126 15260 AMC Jonathan Cháves 21 Defensa y Justicia 118 15261 AMC Miler Bolaños 20 Liga de Quito 110 15262 AMC Theyab Awana 20 Bani Yas 96 1511 ST Pato 21 A.C. Milan 161 1842 ST Neymar 18 Santos 150 1813 ST Khouma Babacar 17 Fiorentina 120 1804 ST Yaya Sanogo 17 AJ Auxerre 108 1805 ST Mario Balotelli 20 Man City 157 1786 ST Marko Arnautovic 21 Werder Bremen 145 1787 ST Guido Marilungo 21 Sampdoria 131 1758 ST Alberto Paloschi 20 Parma 130 1759 ST Carlos Vela 21 Arsenal 133 17410 ST Theo Walcott 21 Arsenal 148 17211 ST Miguel Medina 17 Sport Colombia 107 17012 ST Bojan 20 Barcelona 139 16613 ST Abel Hernández 20 Palermo 146 -914 ST Sercan Yildirim 20 Bursaspor 135 -915 ST Daniel Sturridge 21 Chelsea 130 -916 ST Heung-Min Son 18 HSV 129 -917 ST Romelu Lukaku 17 Anderlecht 129 -918 ST Iker Muniain 18 Bilbao Ath. 127 -919 ST Federico Macheda 19 Man Utd 126 -920 ST Vaclav Kadlec 18 Sparta Prague 125 -921 ST Lacina Traoré 20 CFR Cluj 125 -922 ST Ahmed Khalil 19 Al-Ahli (UAE) 118 -923 ST Ishak Belfodil 18 Olympique Lyonnais 116 -924 ST Raúl Nava 20 Toluca 115 -925 ST Nassim Ben Khalifa 18 Wolfsburg 112 -926 ST Cédric Bakambu 19 FC Sochaux-Montbé 110 -927 ST Taufic Guarch 19 Estudiantes Tecos 110 -928 ST Connor Wickham 17 Ipswich 108 -929 ST Borja Bastón 18 Atlético B 106 -930 ST Stanley Okoro 18 Almería B 105 -931 ST Mahatma Otoo 18 ES Tunis 104 -932 ST Luc Castaignos 18 Feyenoord 102 -933 ST Daniel Pacheco 19 Liverpool 102 -934 ST Yuya Ohsako 20 Antlers 101 -935 ST Terence Makengo 18 AS Monaco FC 99 -936 ST Tiago Alves 17 Santos 98 -937 ST Sofiane Hanni 20 FC Nantes 97 -938 ST Sergio Araujo 18 Boca 96 -939 ST Gonzalo Barreto 18 Lazio 95 16540 ST Alex Nimely 19 Man City 94 -941 ST Chris Gadi 18 OM 92 -942 ST Nélson Oliveira 19 P. Ferreira 90 -943 ST Marko Livaja 17 86 -944 ST Arsenio Valpoort 18 sc Heerenveen 85 -945 ST Jesé 17 R. Madrid C 85 -946 ST Wellington Silva 17 Fluminense 85 -947 ST Francisco Alcácer 17 Valencia Mestalla 85 -948 ST Nikão 18 Atlético Mineiro 85 -949 ST Lucas Piazon 16 São Paulo 75 -950 ST Marko Maletic 17 FC Utrecht 75 -951 ST Piotr Parzyszek 17 De Graafschap 75 -952 ST Amine 17 Sporting 71 -953 ST Lenny Nangis 16 Stade Malherbe Caen 68 -954 ST Harry Kane 17 Tottenham 68 -955 ST Philipp Prosenik 17 Chelsea 65 -956 ST Sani Emmanuel 18 My People 65 -957 ST Dentinho 21 Corinthians 138 16358 ST Mattia Destro 19 Genoa 119 16259 ST Andrej Kramaric 19 Dinamo 115 16260 ST Andre 20 Dynamo Kyiv 130 16161 ST Jonathan Cristaldo 21 Vélez 130 16062 ST Maicon 20 Lokomotiv Moscow 129 16063 ST Emmanuel Rivière 20 AS Saint-Etienne 128 16064 ST Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang 21 AS Monaco FC 124 16065 ST Nathan Delfouneso 19 Aston Villa 120 16066 ST Jonathas 21 AZ 117 16067 ST Yannis Tafer 19 Toulouse FC 116 16068 ST Alexandre Lacazette 19 Olympique Lyonnais 115 16069 ST Mohammed Gadir 19 M. Haifa 113 16070 ST Emanuele Testardi 20 Gubbio 88 16071 ST Batuhan Karadeniz 19 Eskisehirspor 120 15872 ST Mate Dugandzic 21 Melbourne Victory FC 106 15873 ST Danijel Aleksic 19 Fürth 105 15874 ST Alan 21 FC RB Salzburg 130 15775 ST Renan Oliveira 21 Atlético Mineiro 120 15776 ST Dominique Malonga 21 Cesena 114 15777 ST Luis Fernando Muriel 19 Granada 105 15778 ST Matías Defederico 21 Corinthians 135 15679 ST Marco Pérez 20 Zaragoza 131 15680 ST Walter 21 Porto 125 15581 ST Andy Carroll 21 Newcastle 125 15582 ST Salomón Rondón 21 Málaga 122 15583 ST Djamel Bakar 21 AS Nancy Lorraine 122 15584 ST Diego Maurício 19 Flamengo 119 15585 ST Omer Damari 21 M. Petach-Tikva 110 15586 ST Juanmi 17 At. Malagueño 97 15587 ST Anthony Lozano 17 Olimpia (HON) 95 15588 ST Alan Kardec 21 Benfica 128 15489 ST Opoku Agyemang 21 Al-Sadd 127 15490 ST Diego Fabbrini 20 Empoli 105 15491 ST Nicolás Mezquida 18 Peñarol 100 15492 ST Deniz Naki 21 St. Pauli 129 15393 ST Choco 20 Atlético Paranaense 95 15394 ST David N'Gog 21 Liverpool 130 15295 ST Ciro 21 Sport Recife 125 15296 ST Jonathan 19 Vasco 120 15297 ST Marquinhos 20 Internacional 110 15298 ST Adaílton 20 Vitória 110 15299 ST Adrián Luna 18 Defensor Sporting 106 152 100 ST Valerijs Sabala 16 Olimps/RFS 51 152 101 ST Caio 20 Botafogo 127 151。
A SYSTEM AND A METHOD FOR DETERMINING A SIGNIFICAN
专利名称：A SYSTEM AND A METHOD FORDETERMINING A SIGNIFICANCE OF ASTENOSIS发明人：SIEMIONOW, Kris B.,LEWICKI,Paul,SADOWSKI, Wojciech,MALOTA,Zbigniew,KRAFT, Marek申请号：EP20164757.5申请日：20200323公开号：EP3884848A1公开日：20210929专利内容由知识产权出版社提供专利附图：摘要：A method for determining a significance of a stenosis in a currently examined blood vessel, the method comprising: providing a pre-trained reasoning module (130) that has been trained to output a value of a stenosis significance parameter by means of a training data set comprising a plurality of records of prior clinically examined stenosis cases, each training record comprising data related to dimensional parameters, blood flow parameters and clinical measurement parameters of the prior clinically examined blood vessel containing the stenosis; inputting, to the pre-trained reasoning module (130), an examination record comprising data related to the dimensional parameters of the currently examined blood vessel containing the stenosis and instructing the reasoning module (130) to output the value of the stenosis significance parameter based on the examination record.申请人：Kardiolytics Inc.地址：296 Woodward Blvd. Tulsa, OK 74114 US国籍：US代理机构：Kancelaria Eupatent.pl Sp. z.o.o更多信息请下载全文后查看。
2011年职称英语模拟阅读题Microsoft Word 文档
阅读下面的短文。
每篇短文的后面有五个问题，每个问题有四个备选答案。
请根据短文的内容选择最佳答案。
每个试题计3分，共计15分。
Sugar Power for Cell PhonesUsing enzymes commonly found in living cells，a new type of fuel cell produces small amounts of electricity from sugar.If the technology is able to succeed in mass production，you may some day share your sweet drinks with your cell phone.In fuel cells，chemical reactions generate electrical currents.The process usually relies on precious metals，such as platinum.In living cells，enzymes perform a similar job，breaking down sugars to obtain electrons and produce energy.When researchers previously used enzymes in fuel cells，they had trouble keeping them active，says Shelley D.Minteer of St Louis University1.Whereas biological cells continually produce fresh enzymes，there‘s no mechanism in fuel cells to replace enzymes as they quickly degrade.Minteer and Tamara Klotzbach，also of St Louis University，have now developed polymers that wrap around an enzyme and preserve it in a microscopic pocket.“We tailor these pockets to provide the ideal microenvironment”for the enzyme，Minteer says.The polymers keep the enzyme active for months instead of days.In the new fuel Cell，tiny polymer bags of enzyme are embedded in a membrane that coats one of the electrodes.When glucose from a sugary liquid gets into a pocket，the enzyme oxidizes it，releasing electrons and protons.The electrons cross the membrane and enter a wire through which they travel to the other electrode，where they react with.oxygen in the atmosphere to produce water.The flow of electrons through the wire constitutes an electrical current that can generate power.So far，the new fuel cells don‘t produce much power，but the fact that they work at all is exciting，says Paul Kenis，a chemical engineer at the University of Illinois2 at Urhana-Champaign3.“Just getting it to work.”Kenis says，“is a major accomplishment.”Sugar-eating fuel cells could be an efficient way to make electricity.Sugar is easy to find. And the new fuel cells that run on it are biodegradable，so the technology wouldn‘t hurt the environment.The scientists are now trying to use different enzymes that will get more power from sugar.They predict that popular products may be using the new technology in as little as 3 years.词汇：enzyme//n.酶electrode/ /n.电极platinum/n.铂，白金membrane//n.膜，薄膜electron/ /n.电子oxidize//v.氧化degrade/ /v.降解glucose/ /n.葡萄糖polymer/n.聚合物biodegradable/adj.能进行生物降解的microenvironment n.微环境embed/ v.埋置，插入proton/n.质子试题1. According to the first paragraph，when can we share our sweet drinks with our cell phones？A When enzymes can be commonly found in living ceils.B When the technology of producing a new type of fuel cell appears.C When the technology of a new type of fuel cell is suitable for mass production.D When the technology of mass producing cell phones appears.2. What trouble did Minteer and Klotzhach have in their research？A They had trouble keeping enzymes in fuel cells active.B They had trouble keeping biological cells active.C They had trouble producing fresh enzymes.D They had trouble finding mechanism for producing enzymes.3. According to Paragraph 5，electrons are releasedA when bags of enzyme are embedded in the new fuel cell.B when glucose from a sugary liquid goes through the enzyme.C when the enzyme oxidizes the glucose from a sugary liquid that goes through a pocket.D when the enzyme oxidizes the sugary liquid that goes through a pocket.4. What is exciting about the new fuel cells？A Their limitless power generation capacity is amazing.B Their limited power generation capacity is a good beginning.C Their limited power generation capacity is the result of great efforts.D Their limitless power generation capacity is a major accomplishment，5. According to the last paragraph，what is NOT true of the new fuel cells？A The new fuel cells run on sugar that is easy to find.B The new fuel cells are environment friendly.C The new fuel cells are biologically degradable，D It will take some time before the new fuel cells can be used in popular products.>【答案与题解】1. C A和D明显不是正确答案。
Techniques for defining Composition Filters Using Message Manipulators
Preface
It has been almost a year that I have spent on this thesis. But, nally it is nished. If I look back I would say that it has been a very inspirational time. I would like the thank the people who have stimulated me to carry on developing an idea which I got in a brainstorm. It was very inspiring for me to develop something completely new into a working concept. At rst I would like to thank the people from my graduation committee : Mehmet Aksit, Lodewijk Bergmans and Bedir Tekinerdogan. They gave me space to work out my idea's and guided me in right direction. I would also like to thank my colleague students with whom I have had fruitful discussions. I will mention some of them. If I forget someone this not necessarily mean he or she did not contribute. I would like to thank Rick van Rein who initiated my brainstorm, Bonne van Dijk and Charles Vuijst. I would also like to thank Piet Koopmans and Maurice Glandrup which both have made a considerable contribution to this thesis, Wietze van Dijk and John Mordhorst which both participated in our discussions.
基于心血管危险分层评价主动脉瓣钙化对冠脉钙化负荷的预测价值
基于心血管危险分层评价主动脉瓣钙化对冠脉钙化负荷的预测价值吕函璐;刘英梅;韦育林;冯日清【摘要】目的探讨不同心血管危险分层人群中主动脉瓣钙化(AVC)对冠状动脉钙化(CAC)负荷的预测意义.方法纳入718例成年患者,对其心血管发病危险进行分层,应用超声心动图评价其AVC情况,应用多层螺旋CT获得其冠脉钙化积分(CCS).建立logistic回归模型评价AVC与CAC之间的关系.结果 (1)不同心血管危险分层均显示,AVC组中CCS＞0的检出率高于非AVC组(P＜0.05),CAC组中AVC的检出率亦明显高于非CAC组(P＜0.05).(2)在心血管风险低危组,AVC与CAC之间无显著相关;在中危组,AVC与CAC可能相关(P=0.05);在高危、极高危组,AVC与CAC 关系密切,与无AVC人群相比,AVC者合并CAC的可能性分别增加5.42倍、4.71倍(P＜0.05).结论不同心血管危险分层的人群中,AVC对CAC负荷的预测意义有所不同.对于心血管风险高危与极高危人群,合并AVC可能预示着较高的CAC负荷.而对于低危人群,AVC的检出对CAC情况可能没有提示意义.【期刊名称】《广东医学》【年(卷),期】2019(040)006【总页数】5页(P822-825,829)【关键词】主动脉瓣钙化;冠状动脉钙化;心血管疾病风险【作者】吕函璐;刘英梅;韦育林;冯日清【作者单位】中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院心血管内科广东广州510120;中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院心血管内科广东广州510120;中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院心血管内科广东广州510120;中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院心血管内科广东广州510120【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R541.4;R542.5+2冠状动脉(冠脉)钙化(coronary artery calcification，CAC)与动脉粥样硬化斑块负荷密切相关[1]。
目前，基于CT测量的冠脉钙化积分(coronary calcium score，CCS)已广泛用于冠脉钙化负荷的评价，评分越高，预示着动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease，ASCVD)的风险越高[2-5]。
设计师的直觉创意
设计师的直觉创意
李晓楠;严学明;尹子明
【期刊名称】《烹调知识》
【年(卷),期】2010(000)08X
【摘要】任何看似不实用或不美观的奇特想法,只要是有趣的,设计师们都会重视。
就是因为这份伟大的好奇心,让设计师在快乐的环境下设计出快乐的商品,消费者在使用商品时自然露出快乐的微笑。
【总页数】2页(P6-7)
【作者】李晓楠;严学明;尹子明
【作者单位】
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】TS972.2
【相关文献】
1.国际设计师时尚盛会聚首新港82国际设计师创意谷 [J],
2.“解放”，给压抑的生活提供一个释放的出口——访中国十佳时装设计师、“旭化成·中国时装设计师创意大奖”获奖设计师张义超 [J], 韩娜
3.设计师更多的是一份责任——访“金顶奖”设计师，“旭化成·中国时装设计师创意大奖”获奖设计师刘洋 [J], 韩娜
4.从市场需求倒推到产品设计——访中国十佳时装设计师、“旭化成·中国时装设计师创意大奖获奖设计师刘勇 [J], 韩娜;
5.将低调、优雅、精致隐藏于个性化主张之中——访中国十佳时装设计师、“旭化成·中国时装设计师创意大奖”获奖设计师顾怡 [J], 韩娜;
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西门子工业自动化与驱动技术集团（ IA &DT） (2)“ Sales 100” 培训生项目 (2)“ 研发培训生”项目 (2)电动汽车研发部 (4)招聘职位：控制电子工程师Control Electronic Engineer (4)招聘职位：电机控制工程师Motor Control Engineer (4)招聘职位：电力电子工程师Power Electronic Engineer (5)招聘职位：机械工程师Mechanical Engineer (6)西门子电力自动化有限公司（ SPA） (7)招聘职位：继电保护测试工程师Test Engineer (Protection Application) (7)招聘职位：继电保护研发工程师R&D Engineer (Protection Application) (8)上海西门子开关有限公司（ SSLS） (9)招聘职位：空气开关柜/断路器研发工程师 (9)西门子工业透平机械（葫芦岛）有限公司（ SITH） (9)招聘职位：设计工程师设计工程师 Design Engineer (9)西门子中压开关技术（无锡）有限公司（ SM VS） (11)招聘职位：气体绝缘开关柜研发工程师工作地点：无锡 (11)上海西门子医疗器械有限公司(SSM E) (11)招聘职位：影像和知识管理应用专员 (11)招聘职位：影像和知识管理技术支持工程师 (11)招聘职位：医疗信息系统高级顾问 (11)西门子医疗诊断产品(上海）有限公司(SHD) (11)招聘职位：物流助理 (12)招聘职位：市场助理 (13)西门子IT 解决方案和服务集团（ SIS） (13)招聘职位：系统工程师（网络与桌面系统） (14)招聘职位：IT 工程师（业务支持与发展） (15)招聘职位：初级服务架构师 Junior Service Architect (16)招聘职位：IT工程师(Service Desk ) (17)西门子中国研究院（ CT） (18)招聘职位：行业信息化研究员SMART IT Researcher (18)招聘职位：实验室助理Lab assistant / technician (19)招聘职位：水处理工程师 Water Treatment Engineer (20)招聘职位：低压产品研究员 (20)招聘职位：工业信息安全咨询师Industry Security Consultant (21)招聘职位：工业信息安全研究员Industry Security Researcher (22)招聘职位：应用安全专家Application security Expert (23)招聘职位：电信安全专家Telecommunication Security Expert (24)西门子管理咨询公司（ SM C） (25)招聘职位：助理顾问Associate Consultant (25)西门子财务租赁有限公司(SFLL) (26)招聘职位：设备融资经理Equipment Finance Manager (26)西门子管理培训生项目（ SGP） (27)招聘职位：西门子管理培训生 (27)上海MWB互感器有限公司（MWB） (28)招聘职位：Development Engineer (28)西门子工厂自动化有限公司（SFAE） (29)招聘职位：Production support engineer/生产支持工程师 (29)苏州西门子电器有限公司（SEAL） (30)招聘职位：Testing Engineer 测试工程师 (30)招聘职位：Product Design Engineer 产品研发工程师 (31)招聘职位：Lab and Electrical Technology Engineer实验室电气工程师 (32)招聘职位：Quality Engineer 质量工程师 (34)西门子工业自动化与驱动技术集团（ IA &DT）“ Sales 100”培训生项目工业自动化与驱动技术集团(IA&DT)作为西门子公司最大的集团之一，是西门子工业领域的重要组成部分。
在制造自动化、过程自动化、楼宇电气安装及电子装配系统领域提供创新、可信赖和高质量的产品、系统、解决方案和服务。
致力于世界一流人才培养和发展是集团的重要发展策略，“ Sales 100”培训生项目正是为实现这一目标而采取的一项重要举措。
作为人才投资项目，面向应届毕业生，立足于培养职业化的、高技术水准的销售工程师和技术支持工程师，使其成为公司发展的中坚力量和未来的自动化领域的精英。
两年的技术和轮岗培训，将为培训生的职业发展打下坚实的基础。
该培训生项目始于2005 年，迄今共成功举办了九期。
该项目的特点在于其专业的培训平台，系统化的培训流程以及高效的管理团队。
招聘职位：销售培训生工作地点：上海、广州、佛山、厦门、济宁、淄博、潍坊、济南、盐城、宁波、温州、无锡、常州、南昌、长沙、武汉、大连、包头、成都招聘职位：技术支持与服务培训生工作地点：北京、上海、合肥、杭州、济南项目目标：培养优秀的、职业化的、高技术水准的销售和技术专业人才项目对象：2011 年毕业的研究生或本科生专业范围和要求：1）自动化、电子、自控、机电一体化、电力拖动等相关专业；2）勤奋好学、具有良好的沟通能力和团队合作意识培训时间：两年培训安排：1）半年北京培训中心的产品技术培训2）一年北京、上海、天津各业务部门、工程公司工程项目轮岗培训3）半年区域分公司的销售实践或技术支持培训“研发培训生”项目西门子是全球最具创新能力的企业之一。
我们致力于在公司涉足的所有业务领域引领技术发展潮流，专注于通过我们的技术为客户及其它利益相关群体带来切实的利益。
中国拥有多样化的市场需求和愿意尝试新事物的客户群体，是发展世界级创新的理想之地。
中国，已经成为西门子全球重要的研发基地。
西门子中国工业业务领域自动化驱动与技术“研发培训生”项目，正是顺应中国市场需求，响应公司发展战略，旨在为西门子的未来培养技术专、能力强、素质高的未来一代研发工程师、专家和研发项目负责人！“研发培训生”项目面向应届毕业硕士或博士研究生，经过一年半的轮岗和技术实践与培训，为培训生打下坚实的技术、产品、研发方法论与流程、以及研发实践基础，使其成为公司发展的中坚力量和未来的工业业务领域的精英。
招聘职位：研发培训生工作地点：北京、上海、大连、南京、苏州项目目标：培养技术专、能力强、素质高的未来一代研发工程师、专家和研发项目负责人项目对象：2011 年毕业的硕士或博士研究生专业范围和要求：1）自动化、电子、自控、机电一体化、电力拖动、楼宇等相关专业2) 有技术热情，有创新精神3）强于逻辑思考，动手能力强，能解决问题4）勤奋好学、具有良好的沟通能力和团队合作意识培训时间：18 个月培训安排：1）6 个月：轮岗培训，基础产品培训，研发方法论与流程培训2）12 个月：参与实际研发项目，在导师的带领下，参与公司产品的讨论、定义、设计等工作，在技术上与其他部门充分沟通，确保研发工作的成功进行，并且学习成为独立的、专业的、高效的研发工程师。
勇担责任、追求卓越、矢志创新是西门子的核心价值观！通过引领潮流，我们可以完全释放员工的能量和创造力！加入西门子“研发培训生”项目，走出自我职业生涯发展的坚实第一步！电动汽车研发部招聘职位：控制电子工程师Control Electronic Engineer工作地点：上海Mission of Function:-Responsible for control board architecture, schematic design and firmware development (sensor interface circuit/software, I/O, etc.)Working Partners/Contacts:-Internal: Other EC BU China R&D colleagues and R&D manager; EC BU China PLM manager-External: EC BU Germany R&D colleagues; external researchers and customers. Tasks:-Participate in definition of E-car drive train system architecture.-Overall responsible for specification and realization of control board architecture, which applies to both vehicle and motor control.-Work actively on the core control unit, including sensor and IO interface circuit. -Work actively on the further development of the controller system platform.-Consultation and cooperation in development of documents for detailed design. Knowledge:-Detailed knowledge in embedded information electronic hardware and firmware technology and the automation engineering.-Related electronic hardware skills, e.g., FPGA, EMC, etc.-Embedded system firmware development approach; 32bit microprocessorarchitecture and motor drive system related interface circuit.Education:-Master or above, major in Electronic Engineering.Experience:-Experiences in embedded hardware design, from international companies preferred.-Demonstrated team working experiences.-Overall Network skill, team working/communication skills.-Communication Experience with foreigners specially with German essential.招聘职位：电机控制工程师Motor Control Engineer工作地点：上海Mission of Function:-Responsible for E-car power train motor control algorithm development andsoftware realizationWorking Partners/Contacts:-Internal: Other EC BU China R&D colleagues and R&D manager; EC BU China PLM manager-External: EC BU Germany R&D colleagues; external researchers and customers. Tasks:-Participate in definition of E-car drive train control software architecture-Overall responsible for motor control algorithm development and realization-Work actively on the motor system integration, verification and optimization-Work together with power train control engineer to optimize power trainperformance-Consultation and cooperation in development of documents for detailed design Knowledge:-Detailed knowledge in motor theory, vector control, power electronic systemmodeling and control methodology, and experiences in automation engineering is a plus.-software engineering; CMM (capability maturity modeling)-Motor theory, IM/PMSM motor vector control implementation experiences, control theory; C/Assembly Language; MCU/DSP/ARM program. Education:-Master or above, major in Electronic Engineering.Experience:-Master degree or above in Electronic engineering, specialty in motor controlengineering strongly plus-Overall Network skill, team working/communication skills-Communication Experience with foreigners specially with German is a plus招聘职位：电力电子工程师Power Electronic Engineer工作地点：上海Mission of Function:-Responsible for power stage architecture design, and thermal analysis of power stageWorking Partners/Contacts:-Internal: Other EC BU China R&D colleagues and R&D manager; EC BU China PLM manager-External: EC BU Germany R&D colleagues; external researchers and customers.. Tasks:-Participate in the definition of E-car drive train system architecture.-Development strategy, integration and compatibility of the Powerelectronic unit architecture-Overall responsible for power electronic unit specification and lead theimplementation.-Consultation and cooperation in development of documents for detailed design.-Development of power electronic system topology/circuit, and confirm it viasimulation.-Work actively on the further development of the system platform. Knowledge:-Detailed knowledge in powerelectronic components, circuit, topology andthermal management, related control algorithm technology;- Related power electronic hardware skills, e.g., EMC, etc.- Familiar with system simulation tool, simplor / saber / matlab.Education:-Master or above, major in Electronic Engineering.Experience:- Experiences in power electronic product development, from international companies strongly preferred;-Demonstrated project management skills/experiences essential.-Overall Network skill, Team leading skill-Communication Experience with foreigners especially with German essential.招聘职位：机械工程师Mechanical Engineer工作地点：上海Mission of Function:-Responsible for PEB structure design (BusBar, BOX, junctions, etc.), cooling system analysis and design, thermal/vabriation/sealing validation, andvehicle/power train layout union design with OEM engineersWorking Partners/Contacts:-Internal: Other EC BU China R&D colleagues and R&D manager; EC BU China PLM manager-External: EC BU Germany R&D colleagues; external researchers and customers. Tasks:-Participate in definition of E-car drive train system architecture.-Overall responsible for power unit mechanical feature specification andimplementation-Collaborate with OEM on vehicle inner structure design.-Work actively on the further development of the PEB (Power Electronic Box)platform.-Consultation and cooperation in development of documents for detailed design.-PEB cooling system design-Optimize PEB structure design to fulfill process simultaneous engineering Knowledge:-Detailed knowledge in mechanical technology and the automation engineering; fundermental knowledge in powerelectronic equipment;-Related packaging skills: e.g., process simultaneous engineering; materialengineering, etc.-Mechanical engineering; Mechatronic engineering; power electronic equipment thermal simulation and managementEducation:-Master or above, major in Mechanical engineering.Experience:-Master or above in mechanical engineering; Experiences in power electronics product packaging design, from international company preferred.-Team working experiences-Overall Network skill, team working/communication skills-Communication Experience with foreigners especially with German essential.西门子电力自动化有限公司（ SPA）公司位于江苏省南京市，业务涉及西门子电力自动化业务的全部价值链——包括保护、监控和电能质量，为中国电力工业提供产品、系统和全套解决方案。