French_Revolution法国大革命

Financial Difficulties
Age of Enlightenment:
An Age in which Scientific and Philosophical Thought Spread
Liberalism
•Human rights/Natural rights •The sovereignty of people •Equal rights for all under the law Philosophies •Main advocates of this intellectual movement •Voltaire, Locke, Rosseau, etc…
Subdivisions of the Third Estate
The Bourgeoisie
• • • •
8% of population with 20% of the land 2.3 million people Had slaves Most important political group in the third estate but still had no say in the running of the country
Tennis Court Oath
King wants a royal session to assert his power and set up a program that everyone all three estates agree with The National Assembly was supposed to have a meeting on June 20 Saw this as an act of monarchy on the behalf of King Louis XVI Went to local indoor tennis court and deputies took an oath saying they would not disband until a new constitution and public regeneration were established.
Estates General
• • • • • • The French legislative body: Nobility, Clergy and Commoners Important in the 14th and 15th centuries; was not used from 1614 - 1788 Part of the ancien ré gime - old rule In May 1789, called upon by King Louis to to deal with the financial crisis By June the Third Estate declares itself the National Assembly They decided they would be the voice of the people and speak out against the monarchy • • • •
The Urban Poor of Paris
• Artisans, factory workers, journeymen • Literate
The Peasants
• 40% of the land • Vast majority of the population that was constantly growing • Paid most of the taxes
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– Justified the destruction of a government based upon monarchy and privilege – The establishment of a new regime based upon the rights of individuals, liberty, and political equality plausible
• Many ideas for the Declaration were from the Age of Enlightenment • Adopted by the United Nations as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
• •
Convention 1792-1795
• • • First action was to abolish the monarchy and establish an assembly. After the Battle at Tuileries and the arrest of King Louis XVI, they called their first meeting Sept. 20th 1792 War time government, its actions were more around protecting the Republic from threats, rather than establishing peace [postponed new constitution] They did establish social and political turmoil that led to changes in system. The Jacobin Club and the Girondists were main parties. Different departments or committees, much like our modern legislative assembly except they had the executive power.
French Revolution
1788 - 1794
Causes
The Three Estates
The Clergy •1% of population with 10% of land
•They had wealth; land, privileges
•100,000 strong The Nobility •2-5% of population with 20% of the land •They also had great wealth and taxed the peasants •400,000 strong The Commoners •95-97% of population •Few rich members (artisans/peasantry)
• The Bastille only had 110 men to fight and there were 300 people in the mob • July 14 is French Independence Day • The attack is considered the beginning of the French Revolution
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• •
Many ideas for the Declaration were from the by the United Nations as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Constitution of 1791
• • • • • Originally drafted in 1789 Was thought that it would heal the corrupted political system Finished in September of 1791 Prefaced by the Declaration of the Rights of Man, voted in on August 26th of 1789. The major details – establishing a limited monarchy – enforcing the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen – abolishing the provinces (states) and hereditary titles – dividing the country into departments
King Louis XVI
• King XVI and queen Marie-Antoinette had no idea what problems their country was facing • The King suppressed the national assembly’s idea to create a new constitution • Put his family before the country • Spent government’s money carelessly
Storming of the Bastille
July 14, 1789
• Initial reason was to get ammunition
– The seven inmates, none of them political prisoners, were freed. – The governor, Launay, and was dragged through Paris to the City Hall and killed
• Passed by the National Assembly on August 26, 1789 • Written as a frame work for modern democracy • Summary of the ideals of the Revolution
– Justified the destruction of a government based upon monarchy and privilege – The establishment of a new regime based upon the rights of individuals, liberty, and political equality plausible
Declaration of the Rights of Man
• • • Passed by the National Assembly on August 26, 1789 Written as a frame work for modern democracy Summary of the ideals of the Revolution
• • Church had owned 6% of the national lands Louis XVI decided to revoke the Churches Lands and give them to the people By doing this, the people would be happier. The State announced that the Church would answer to the state, and the state would dictate what they would do.