2021年北京航空航天大学附属中学高三英语下学期期末试题及答案解析

2021年北京航空航天大学附属中学高三英语下学期期末试题及答案解
析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
What to See InHarbin
Parks inHarbin: Snow Sculpture Expo on theSunIslandPark: massive and beautifully carved sculptures of snow. Ice Lantern Festival: where large ice buildings and statues constructed with lights inside that make them glow.SiberianTigerPark: The park has several large caged areas where the tigers roam freely and live as they-would in their natural environment. We enter these caged areas in a specially designed van with large windows to get a look at these beautiful beasts. Live pheasants (雉) are let loose (if you pay) in order to show you the tigers' natural hunting skills.
Russian Architecture: Blessed with grace and character, the city is famous for its unique, Russian-influenced architecture. Remnants (残存) from the days when Harbin wasan important stop on the Russian Manchurian Railroad, the dome-shaped structures remind people of pre-revolutionary Russia. The strong Russian flavor continues to impact the city today due to new trade and tourism betweenHarbinandRussia.
TheCentral Avenue: Passers-by only street, a perfect remaining part of the busy international business activities at the turn of the 20th century. The 1.4-km long street is a worthy museum of European architectural styles, including Baroque and Byzantine facades, Jewish architectural wonders, little Russian bakeries, French fashion houses, American snack food outlets, and Japanese restaurants.
Guogeli Avenue:Harbin's second biggest shopping district dotted with Russian buildings. A tram track is still preserved in the centre of the road. The street is named after Nikolay (Vasilyevich) Gogol (1809-1852); great Russian novelist, dramatist, satirist, founder of the so-called critical realism in Russian literature, best-known for his novel MERTVYE DUSHI I-II (1842, Dead Souls).
Saint Sophia Church (built in 1903): The Orthodox church is a wonderful example of Russian Architecture. We only tour the outside of the church. The inside has been turned into some painters' market and is a big disappointment to all who visit it. You are welcome to venture into the church. Entrance fees are RMB20 per person.
1. From where does the author look at the tigers?
A. Through the windows of his house.
B. In the closed areas of tigers.
C. In the areas for walking.
D. In their natural environment.
2. Where can visitors see the most diverse styles of architecture?
A. At Ice Lantern Festival.
B. On the Russian Manchurian Railroad.
C. On TheCentral Avenue.
D. OnGuogeli Avenue.
3. When walking in the city ofHarbin, what can visitors still strongly feel?
A. The Russian flavor.
B. The influence of Guogeli's realism.
C. The damage to Saint Sophia Church.
D. The mixture of American and Japanese cultures.
B
It was five years ago that something unforgettable happened. My wife and I celebrated our 40thwedding anniversary that year. It was a lovely event hosted by our sons for us. My wonderful friends from the past surprised us with gifts and congratulations. Our gift to each other was a driving trip out west. We drove fromOntariointoAlberta, then southward intoGlacierNational ParkinMontana, and continued toYellowstoneNational Park.
It was a cold spring day, and theBeartooth Highwayhad opened for the season just days before. Alongside the road, there was still a great amount of snow there. The scenery was so impressive that we made lots of stops to record memories with my camera. At the highest point of the highway, I stopped at a lookout to catch the amazing views, with my wife in the centre of my camera lens.
There were not many cars on the road. Sometimes, cars with energetic young tourists passed by. And then we heard a motorcycle in the distance. The driver of the motorcycle, who wore dirty clothes, parked behind our cars. As he approached us, his only words were, “Give me your camera and get over there with your wife.” I must admit I felt nervous that we might be robbed where we just created some beautiful memories. Surprisingly, he just took a picture of us, handed back my camera and rode off before we could express our gratitude. The photo he took is one of the most valuable and prized of our trip.
I learned my lesson somewhere I least expected it. We should never judge a man by his appearance. If the motorcycle driver reads this story and remembers the situation, we would like to say “Thank you” to him.
4. According to the passage, what do we know about the trip?
A. It was taken by train to the west.
B. It was a suggestion from their friends.
C. It was in the late autumn five years ago.
D. It was a gift for their wedding anniversary.
5. Why was the author nervous when the motorcycle driver offered to take a picture?
A. He could have lost the camera.
B. His wife might not be satisfied with the view there.
C. The motorcycle driver would borrow the camera.
D. The motorcycle driver might not be good at the taking pictures.
6. Which of the following best describes the driver of the motorcycle?
A. Kind and straightforward.
B. Rich and generous.
C. Creative and capable.
D. Careful and admirable.
7. Which of the following can be concluded from the passage?
A. No pains, no gains.
B. Seeing is believing.
C. Don’t judge a book by its cover.
D. The longest journey begins with the first step.
C
Some years ago a young man applied to a large United States optical firm for a job as a lens designer. He apologized for lack of training, but on announcing that he owned two copies of the classic Conrady's Applied Optics and Optical Design, one for his office and a second for his bedside table, he was hired on the spot. Perhaps the story will be repeated some day with Buchdahl's Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics as a similar certificate of qualification.
Hamiltonian theory describes with powerful generality the overall properties of optical systems considered as ‘black boxes’, although it does not describe the detailed structure needed to construct the systems and achieve these properties. Buchdahl's book is therefore on the subject of geometrical optics, but it is not about how to design lenses. It is, however a compact comprehensive account of the fundamentals of the theory written with the lens designer's needs very much in mind. Every lens designer worth his salt has at some time in his career attempted to apply the broad concepts of Hamiltonian optics to the solutions of practical problems. Success has been sufficiently rare that the theory, as such, has made little direct contribution to techniques for optical instrument design. The failures have been frustrating because of the obvious fundamental power of the theory and because of its conceptual elegance. The indirect effects have been large, however, both in contributing to an understanding of fundamental principles that govern the overall behavior of optical systems and in pointing the
way to other, more practical, theoretical approaches.
Buchdahl approaches the subject not only as a capable mathematical physicist, but as one who with a knowledge of practical optics has made a significant contribution to geometrical optical theory. Buchdahl's approach has, over the last decade, had a major impact on modern lens design with computers. Thus, he brings to this exposition of Hamiltonian optics a familiarity with practical optics not usually found in authors on this subject.
The author claims his book to be non-mathematical, and indeed it might be so viewed by a professional mathematician. From the point of view of many physicists and engineers, it will appear to be quite mathematical. Moreover, this is a tightly written book. The subject matter is developed with precision, and the author expects the reader, at very point, to be master of the preceding exposition.
8. Hamiltonian theory met with failures as a result of ______.
A. newer finding related to the wave particle nature of light
B. very complicated concepts too difficult to understand by most lens designers
C. too much mathematical detail in the theory
D. not enough practical information offered by the theory to allow for use by lens crafters
9. The author of this passage implies that Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics is necessary to ______.
A. the students who are major in mathematical geometry
B. those who want to grasp the basic principles of optical systems
C. the lens designers who look for instructions on practical designs
D. those who are interested in physics
10. The article points out that the great benefits of Hamiltonian optics have been found is ______.
A. indirect ways of learning mathematics
B. a fundamental power within the theory
C. the conceptual elegance of the theory
D. the practical applications of the theory in finding new approaches to old problems
11. This passage is probably excerpted from ______.
A. a review of a book
B. a chemistry textbook
C. an optician's essay
D. a general science text
D
Ten years ago, I set out to examine luck. I wanted to know why some people were always in the right place at the right time, while others consistently experienced ill fortune. I placed advertisements in national newspapers
asking for people who felt consistently lucky or unlucky. Hundreds of extraordinary men and women volunteered for my research. Over the years I have interviewed them, monitored their lives and had them take part in various experiments.
In one of the experiments, I gave both lucky and unlucky people a newspaper, asking them to look through it and tell me how many photographs were inside. I had secretly placed a large message halfway through the newspaper, saying, “Tell the experimenter you have seen this and you will win $50.” This message took up half of the page and was written in type that was more than two inches high. It was staring everyone in the face, but the unlucky people tended to miss it and the lucky people tended to spot it.
Unlucky people are generally more nervous than lucky people, and this anxiety affects their ability to notice the unexpected. As a result, they miss opportunities because they are too focused on looking for something else. They go to gatherings concentrating on finding their perfect partners and miss opportunities to make good friends. They look through newspapers determined to find certain types of job advertisements and miss other types of jobs.
Lucky people are more relaxed and open, and therefore see what is there rather than just what they are looking for. My research eventually showed that lucky people are skilled at noticing opportunities, make lucky decisions by listening to their intuition (直觉), are open to new experiences, and adopt a never-say-die attitude that transforms bad luck into good luck.
12. What’s the purpose of the author’s research?
A. To discover what luck means to people.
B. To find lucky people and unlucky people.
C. To distinguish between good luck and bad luck.
D. To figure out why people are always lucky or unlucky.
13. Why did the unlucky people miss the message in the experiment?
A. There was too much information to be read in detail.
B. They were too focused on looking for photographs.
C. It took too much time to go through newspapers.
D. The words were too small to be noticed.
14. What leads to lucky people’s good fortune?
A. Their ability to spot opportunities.
B. Their ability to become relaxed.
C. Their ability to communicate.
D. Their ability to make friends.
15. What’s the key message of the last paragraph?
A. What lucky people are looking for.
B. How lucky people generate good luck.
C. What lucky people can do with opportunities.
D How lucky people transform bad luck into good luck.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项We expect the technology in our life to work every time we turn a machine on. It's terrible when they don't work, especially when we don't know how to solve the problem. You turn the machine on, but see the black screen.___16___
A computer screen that doesn't turn on may be a sign of a broken screen or a bad connection between the computer and the monitor（显示器）.Trying another monitor or connecting line is a simple way to see if one or the other is broken-down.___17___
For windows users，they could face a system files corruption（损坏）. Turning on your computer，you might see the black screen and words on thescreen remind you the corruption. In that case，you may need to restart your computer and enter the recovery mode（恢复模式）。

___18___In that case? you need to open the computer case and clean the fan.
___19___Apple's iOS users might need to restart their phones, though the method differs depending on the model. If you are a owner of the iPhone 11 or a newer model，you can press and let go of the volume-up and do the same to the volume-down button, then press and hold the side button until you see the Applelogo.
If the problem keeps occurring, you'd better have a professional（专业人员）take a look at it.___20___
A. A choice is to use a DVD.
B. Phone users also face the black screen.
C What should you do when it happens?
D. If it is useless? you need to do a further check.
E. Another cause might be a problem with the cooling fan.
F. You'd better not deal with it yourself in case your machine is broken.
G. Android users should hold down the power button for about five seconds.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
The summer after my firstyear of college, I got my first job as a waiter in a restaurant. For me, it was a step moving from a___21___child to a more independent adult. I had never___22___a day in my life when I was in high school because my____23____wanted me to focus on study.
I printed out a recently updated resume(简历)I first___24___in my senior year and filled out dozens of applications. I sent applications____25____to get my first couple of choices. I got no calls or emails back.____26____, halfway through the third week, I finally got a call back from one of theplaces I applied to. We had____27____a meeting time, and after my___28___, I was more than ready to start working the following Monday.
When working, it was very___29___that I was the new guy. My parents_____30_____that I would not last the first two weeks, and that I would be______31______looking for more jobs. However, I stuck with it.I made sure to put a_____32_____on my face every day no matter what_____33_____. At times, some customers were always asking to speak with my______34______. Every time I heard that, I thought if I had a dollar, I would_____35_____work a day in my life. However, I______36______to get the hang of things after a couple of weeks. I always suggested the suitable_____37_____for customers.
A couple of weeks later, I had been told by the manager that I had received the______38______employee of the month. At that moment, I felt like I had truly_____39_____it, and this was the first ofmany achievements I would receive while working. It taught me a lot about responsibility and the______40______of insisting on the work.
21. A. free B. dependent C. naughty D. cheerful
22. A. spent B. worked C. saved D. wasted
23. A. friends B. s C. parents D. teachers
24. A. wrote B. improved C. planned D. tried
25. A. agreeing B. promising C. managing D. hoping
26. A. Besides B. Meanwhile C. However D. Therefore
27. A. set up B. put up C. taken up D. made up
28. A. contribution B. interview C. experience D. experiment
29. A. lucky B. terrible C. likely D. obvious
30. A. figured B. advised C. proved D. admitted
31. A. unhappy B. alone C. back D. crazy
32. A. flower B. sign C. note D. smile
33. A. appeared B. happened C. rose D. operated
34. A. manager B. partner C. roommate D. waiter
35. A. only B. nearly C. never D. regularly
36. A. started B. refused C. wanted D. pretended
37. A. tickets B. plans C. cases D. choices
38. A. friendly B. best C. hopeful D. amazing
39. A. got B. had C. kept D. made
40. A. truth B. power C. importance D. way
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
China’sHenanprovince ____41.____(make) headlines as it was hit with heavy rains, which left people dead, missing and ____42.____(severe) affected. ____43.____ donations, supplies and condolences(慰唁) rolling in, many Chinese enterprises are setting ____44.____ positive example.
Chinese sportswear company ERKE made a donation of 50 million yuan ($7.7 million) to provide supplies for flood ____45.____(relieve) and aid. After the company made the announcement on ____46.____(it) social media platform, Sina Weibo, on Wednesday, it received widespread support.
One of the comments ____47.____(leave) by a netizen ranked at the top under the topic. “It feels like you’re going out of business and you donated so much,” the netizen wrote.
What made the company’s donation ____48.____(impress) and led it to go viral is the fact that the donation is a big sum for the company, ____49.____(consider) that ERKE’s business didn’t seem to develop very smoothly during the past few years.
On Thursday night, the company’s live streaming channel on Taobao, Alibaba’s e-commerce platform, attracted over 2 million people, ____50.____ was a big increase from its usual number of viewers.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除和修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I really miss my hometown, which I lived until I was ten. So recently I decided pay a short visit. To my astonished, the playground where he had a good time with my friends is now covered with buildings. The school I attended are no longer there and now it has became a supermarket. At that time, I always play football with several friend after class. No matter what the weather was like, we always played outside happy. And we developed lifelong friendship with each other which I value it greatly.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.你校正在组织英语作文比赛，请以A role model to learn from为题，写一篇短文参赛。

1.榜样的优秀品质；
2.获得的启示。

注意：1.词数100左右；
2.题目已为你写好。

A role model to learn from
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________
参考答案
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. A
6. A
7. C
8. D 9. B 10. D 11. A
12. D 13. B 14. A 15. B
16. C 17. D 18. E 19. B 20. F
21. B 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. C 32.
D 33. B 34. A 35. C 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. D 40. C
41. made
42. severely
43. With 44. a
45. relief 46. its
47. left 48. impressive
49. considering
50. which
51.(1).which→where或在which前添in
(2).在decided后加to
(3).astonished→astonishment
(4).he→I
(5).are→is
(6).became→become
(7).play→played
(8).friend→friends
(9).happy→happily
(10).将it删去
52.略。