梳齿式采棉机锯齿式清花装置的研究
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foundation and scientific guidance. Key word: serrated type seed cotton cleaner; orthogonal test design; intuitive analysis; analysis of variance; quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design
中国·新疆·石河子 2012 年 06 月
The Design of Serrated-type Seed Cotton Cleaner on Cotton Stripper
A Dissertation Submitted to Shihezi University
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Engineering
IV
目 录
摘 要 ................................................................................................................................. II Abstract ............................................................................................................................ III 目 录 ............................................................................................................................... V 1.1 课题来源 .............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 选题背景及研究意义 .......................................................................................... 1 1.3 采棉机机载清花装置国内外研究现状 .............................................................. 2 1.3.1 国外研究现状 ........................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 国内研究现状 ........................................................................................... 4 1.4 研究的主要内容和技术路线 .............................................................................. 5 1.4.1 研究的主要内容 ....................................................................................... 5 1.4.2 技术路线 ................................................................................................... 6 第二章 籽棉清理机械的概述 .......................................................................................... 7 2.1 籽棉的特性 .......................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 抱合力 ....................................................................................................... 7 2.1.2 附着力 ....................................................................................................... 7 2.1.3 含水量 ....................................................................................................... 7 2.2 籽棉清理机械的分类及原理 .............................................................................. 7 2.2.1 气流式籽棉清理机械 ............................................................................... 8 2.2.2 机械式籽棉清理机械 ............................................................................... 8 2.3 本章小结 ............................................................................................................ 12 第三章 梳齿式采棉机锯齿式清花装置的理论分析 .................................................... 13 3.1 现有梳齿式采棉机清花装置存在的问题 ........................................................ 13 3.2 去除籽棉中杂质的四个必要条件 .................................................................... 13 3.3 梳齿式采棉机锯齿式清花装置的工作原理 .................................................... 13 3.4 锯齿式清花装置主要零部件的理论分析 ........................................................ 14 3.4.1 锯齿的结构静力分析 ............................................................................. 14 3.4.2 剥棉辊的许用不平衡量 ......................................................................... 16 3.5 本章小结 ........................................................................................................... 18 第四章 梳齿式采棉机锯齿式清花装置试验设计与数据处理 .................................... 19 4.1 试验目的 ............................................................................................................ 19 4.2 试验方法 ............................................................................................................ 19 4.3 试验设备 ............................................................................................................ 20
分类号：工学 学 号：2009105001
密
级：
单位代码：10759
石河子大学
硕 士 学 位 论 文
梳齿式采棉机锯齿式清花装置的研究
学 位 申 请 人 指 导 教 师 韩 玲 丽
王学农 研究员 曹卫彬 教授 工 学 硕 士 机械制造及其自动化
申请学位门类级别 学科、专业名称 研 所 究 在 方 学
向 机械 CAD/CAE/CAM 一体化技术 院 机械电气工程学院
II
Abstract
Cotton stripper as the preferred economic model will be studied in China. We hope to adapt it to high-density planting pattern in Xinjiang. It will be a new choice for the sake of the solution on mechanized cotton harvesters. Working, cotton stripper strips impurities from cotton plants such as shells, branches, poles, green bolls etc. So the impurity rate of the harvest cotton is very high. The special seed cotton cleaner is necessary to be a complete set to process the first clear before sending ginning factory. Cotton stripper has no specific requirements for the cotton planting mode, which is suitable for various-spaced to harvest. It has the following characteristics such as simple structure, low price, once harvest, low cost, high net rate, high impurity rate, small cotton fiber damage. This research designs a sort of comb-type cotton stripper which is used of seed cotton cleaner and picking station in the same plane. Seed cotton goes into the seed cotton cleaner directly after harvesting. Both the width of cleaner and picking parts are the same. So the working machine has good uniformity. It operates to clean up firstly, then to convey, in the result of reducing the impurity rate of seed cotton, especially the content of small cotton leaves which are difficult to clean. The paper determines three main factors of the serrated type seed cotton cleaner —— the speed of machine travel, the spacing of serrated roller and trash bar, serrated roller rotational speed , and two test indicators ——impurity rate, loss rate. Cotton stripper serrated type seed cotton cleaner experimental design adopted L9(34) orthogonal table to orthogonal test design. For orthogonal test design results analysis of intuitive analysis and analysis of variance, optimum combination of influence factors can be acquired, which can be applied to the center point of the regression tests. The paper makes use of the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation design, the regression equation is obtained. Depending on experimental data results, response surface analysis to get the prediction model and to analyze all levels of the experiment continuously. The regression equations are conducted to solve the extreme value to obtain the optimum parameters. That is, the batter program is A1C1B2, when the speed of the machine travel 2km/h, the space of serrated roller and trash bar 25mm, as well the serrated roller rotational speed 180r/min, the impurity rate y = 17.33%, loss rate y = 7.53%. Experiment index can meet seed cotton cleaner national criterion. The cotton stripper as the economical machine has expansive prospect, which can offer the theory
By Han Lingli (Machinery Manufacturing and utomation)
Dissertation Supervisor: Researcher Wang Xue-nong Prof. Cao Wei-bin June,2012
I
摘 要
在我国将梳齿式采棉机作为经济型采棉机首选机型进行研究， 期望通过研究 使其适应新疆的高密度种植模式，成为解决新疆棉花机械化收获的一种新选择。 梳齿式采棉机工作时把棉株上的棉花、棉叶、铃壳、未开放的棉桃等全部采收下 来，因此收获的棉花含杂率很高，需要配套专用的棉花清理装置在交售到轧花厂 前进行预清理。梳齿式采棉机对棉花种植模式没有特定要求，适合多种行距的采 收。其结构简单，价格低，一次收获，采收成本低，采净率高，含杂率高，棉纤 维损伤小。 该采棉机的采摘头采用采摘台与清理装置组合设计的方法。 籽棉在采摘后直 接进入清理装置进行清理。清理装置幅宽与采摘部件幅宽相同，工作均匀性好， 先清理后输送减少了输送量。它将提高籽棉的清杂效率，降低含杂率，尤其减少 了难以清理的细小棉叶的含量，提高采棉机的工作效率。 本文确定了锯齿式清花装置的三个主要影响因素——机器行走速度、 锯齿滚 筒与排杂棒的间距、锯齿滚筒的转速，及两个试验指标——含杂率、损失率。梳 齿式采棉机锯齿式清花装置试验设计采用 L9(34)正交表进行正交试验设计。通过 直观分析法和方差分析法对正交试验设计结果进行分析， 得出影响因素的最优组 合，将其作为回归试验的中心点。采用二次回归正交旋转设计，求出回归方程。 将试验得出的数据结果，进行响应面分析，得到预测模型。将回归方程分别进行 极值求解，得出最优组合。 优方案为 A1C1B2，即机器行走速度为 2 km/h，锯齿滚筒与排杂棒的间距为 25 mm， 锯齿滚筒的转速为 180r/min， 试验指标含杂率为 17.33%， 损失率为 7.53%。 试验指标满足籽棉清理机国家标准， 梳齿式采棉机这种经济型机械应用前景 非常广阔，为今后梳齿式采棉机的研制提供理论依据与科学指导。 关键字：锯齿式清花装置；正交试验设计；直观分析法；方差分析法；二次回归 正交旋转设计
foundation and scientific guidance. Key word: serrated type seed cotton cleaner; orthogonal test design; intuitive analysis; analysis of variance; quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design
中国·新疆·石河子 2012 年 06 月
The Design of Serrated-type Seed Cotton Cleaner on Cotton Stripper
A Dissertation Submitted to Shihezi University
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Engineering
IV
目 录
摘 要 ................................................................................................................................. II Abstract ............................................................................................................................ III 目 录 ............................................................................................................................... V 1.1 课题来源 .............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 选题背景及研究意义 .......................................................................................... 1 1.3 采棉机机载清花装置国内外研究现状 .............................................................. 2 1.3.1 国外研究现状 ........................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 国内研究现状 ........................................................................................... 4 1.4 研究的主要内容和技术路线 .............................................................................. 5 1.4.1 研究的主要内容 ....................................................................................... 5 1.4.2 技术路线 ................................................................................................... 6 第二章 籽棉清理机械的概述 .......................................................................................... 7 2.1 籽棉的特性 .......................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 抱合力 ....................................................................................................... 7 2.1.2 附着力 ....................................................................................................... 7 2.1.3 含水量 ....................................................................................................... 7 2.2 籽棉清理机械的分类及原理 .............................................................................. 7 2.2.1 气流式籽棉清理机械 ............................................................................... 8 2.2.2 机械式籽棉清理机械 ............................................................................... 8 2.3 本章小结 ............................................................................................................ 12 第三章 梳齿式采棉机锯齿式清花装置的理论分析 .................................................... 13 3.1 现有梳齿式采棉机清花装置存在的问题 ........................................................ 13 3.2 去除籽棉中杂质的四个必要条件 .................................................................... 13 3.3 梳齿式采棉机锯齿式清花装置的工作原理 .................................................... 13 3.4 锯齿式清花装置主要零部件的理论分析 ........................................................ 14 3.4.1 锯齿的结构静力分析 ............................................................................. 14 3.4.2 剥棉辊的许用不平衡量 ......................................................................... 16 3.5 本章小结 ........................................................................................................... 18 第四章 梳齿式采棉机锯齿式清花装置试验设计与数据处理 .................................... 19 4.1 试验目的 ............................................................................................................ 19 4.2 试验方法 ............................................................................................................ 19 4.3 试验设备 ............................................................................................................ 20
分类号：工学 学 号：2009105001
密
级：
单位代码：10759
石河子大学
硕 士 学 位 论 文
梳齿式采棉机锯齿式清花装置的研究
学 位 申 请 人 指 导 教 师 韩 玲 丽
王学农 研究员 曹卫彬 教授 工 学 硕 士 机械制造及其自动化
申请学位门类级别 学科、专业名称 研 所 究 在 方 学
向 机械 CAD/CAE/CAM 一体化技术 院 机械电气工程学院
II
Abstract
Cotton stripper as the preferred economic model will be studied in China. We hope to adapt it to high-density planting pattern in Xinjiang. It will be a new choice for the sake of the solution on mechanized cotton harvesters. Working, cotton stripper strips impurities from cotton plants such as shells, branches, poles, green bolls etc. So the impurity rate of the harvest cotton is very high. The special seed cotton cleaner is necessary to be a complete set to process the first clear before sending ginning factory. Cotton stripper has no specific requirements for the cotton planting mode, which is suitable for various-spaced to harvest. It has the following characteristics such as simple structure, low price, once harvest, low cost, high net rate, high impurity rate, small cotton fiber damage. This research designs a sort of comb-type cotton stripper which is used of seed cotton cleaner and picking station in the same plane. Seed cotton goes into the seed cotton cleaner directly after harvesting. Both the width of cleaner and picking parts are the same. So the working machine has good uniformity. It operates to clean up firstly, then to convey, in the result of reducing the impurity rate of seed cotton, especially the content of small cotton leaves which are difficult to clean. The paper determines three main factors of the serrated type seed cotton cleaner —— the speed of machine travel, the spacing of serrated roller and trash bar, serrated roller rotational speed , and two test indicators ——impurity rate, loss rate. Cotton stripper serrated type seed cotton cleaner experimental design adopted L9(34) orthogonal table to orthogonal test design. For orthogonal test design results analysis of intuitive analysis and analysis of variance, optimum combination of influence factors can be acquired, which can be applied to the center point of the regression tests. The paper makes use of the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation design, the regression equation is obtained. Depending on experimental data results, response surface analysis to get the prediction model and to analyze all levels of the experiment continuously. The regression equations are conducted to solve the extreme value to obtain the optimum parameters. That is, the batter program is A1C1B2, when the speed of the machine travel 2km/h, the space of serrated roller and trash bar 25mm, as well the serrated roller rotational speed 180r/min, the impurity rate y = 17.33%, loss rate y = 7.53%. Experiment index can meet seed cotton cleaner national criterion. The cotton stripper as the economical machine has expansive prospect, which can offer the theory
By Han Lingli (Machinery Manufacturing and utomation)
Dissertation Supervisor: Researcher Wang Xue-nong Prof. Cao Wei-bin June,2012
I
摘 要
在我国将梳齿式采棉机作为经济型采棉机首选机型进行研究， 期望通过研究 使其适应新疆的高密度种植模式，成为解决新疆棉花机械化收获的一种新选择。 梳齿式采棉机工作时把棉株上的棉花、棉叶、铃壳、未开放的棉桃等全部采收下 来，因此收获的棉花含杂率很高，需要配套专用的棉花清理装置在交售到轧花厂 前进行预清理。梳齿式采棉机对棉花种植模式没有特定要求，适合多种行距的采 收。其结构简单，价格低，一次收获，采收成本低，采净率高，含杂率高，棉纤 维损伤小。 该采棉机的采摘头采用采摘台与清理装置组合设计的方法。 籽棉在采摘后直 接进入清理装置进行清理。清理装置幅宽与采摘部件幅宽相同，工作均匀性好， 先清理后输送减少了输送量。它将提高籽棉的清杂效率，降低含杂率，尤其减少 了难以清理的细小棉叶的含量，提高采棉机的工作效率。 本文确定了锯齿式清花装置的三个主要影响因素——机器行走速度、 锯齿滚 筒与排杂棒的间距、锯齿滚筒的转速，及两个试验指标——含杂率、损失率。梳 齿式采棉机锯齿式清花装置试验设计采用 L9(34)正交表进行正交试验设计。通过 直观分析法和方差分析法对正交试验设计结果进行分析， 得出影响因素的最优组 合，将其作为回归试验的中心点。采用二次回归正交旋转设计，求出回归方程。 将试验得出的数据结果，进行响应面分析，得到预测模型。将回归方程分别进行 极值求解，得出最优组合。 优方案为 A1C1B2，即机器行走速度为 2 km/h，锯齿滚筒与排杂棒的间距为 25 mm， 锯齿滚筒的转速为 180r/min， 试验指标含杂率为 17.33%， 损失率为 7.53%。 试验指标满足籽棉清理机国家标准， 梳齿式采棉机这种经济型机械应用前景 非常广阔，为今后梳齿式采棉机的研制提供理论依据与科学指导。 关键字：锯齿式清花装置；正交试验设计；直观分析法；方差分析法；二次回归 正交旋转设计