2022-2023学年山东省德州市高二(下)期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析)

2022-2023学年山东省德州市高二（下）期末英语试卷
一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。

A
Etiquette For Teens Aged 13—18
Provide your teen with that "edge" that will help them succeed in life and make for successful adulthood!
Today's teens are no longer having face-to-face interactions with others.Presented with an unfamiliar social situation，they may feel uncomfortable and choose to avoid socializing.Our two-day workshop will give them a solid foundation of manners as well as help prepare your teen for the many new social and business situations in adult life.The following topics will be covered.
Day One
Proper Introductions-Handshakes &；Eye Contact—Body Language—The Art Of Small Talk—How To Speak In The Right Tone With Clarity—Leadership—Qualities—How To Make A Positive First Impression
Be The Perfect Guest—Invitations &；Thank—You Notes—Social Networking Dating Etiquette—Common Courtesies In Public Places
Day Two
Table Skills &；Dining Manners—The Informal/Formal Place Setting—American/Continental Dining—Proper Use Of Dining Utensils Eating Various Foods-Seating A Lady At The Table—Tipping Guidelines Interviewing Tips For College &；Job Interviews—Dressing The Part—Be A Good Listener—Interview Follow-Up Calls &；Thank-You Notes-Grooming Skin Care—The Graduation Celebration
Fee：＄ 285.00，including snacks，the certificate，and workbooks＄
Date：Jan.5 & 6
Time：8：00 a.m.—4：00 p.m.
Registration closes at：11：59 p.m.Dec.29
Invite a friend to apply for the workshop and you can receive a 10.00 credit toward your course fee.If you are interested in joining the two-day workshop，fill out our application form online.
1.What is the purpose of the two-day workshop？______
A. To prepare teens to be successful in adult life.
B. To present some unfamiliar situations to teens
C. To provide teens with tips about future business.
D. To encourage teens to interact with other people.
2.What will teens learn on Day Two？______
A. How to be a leader.
B. How to behave at table.
C. How to impress others.
D. How to talk with someone.
3.Where is the text probably taken from？______
A. A textbook.
B. An exam paper.
C. A critical essay.
D. An advertisement.
B
A fourth-grade star athlete has made headlines for keeping up with high schoolers.However，it's not for the honor.The selfless student is a guide runner for a blind autistic （患自闭症的） teen who needs a helping hand on the cross-country track.
Rebel Hays，11，of Fayetteville，Arkansas，stepped up as a guide runner for a ninth-grader，Paul Scot，when West Fork High School put out a call for volunteers.Paul，their student，wanted to compete.
As they ran together，the pair became good friends. "Paul and Rebel's story is so much more than running，" said Rebel's mother，Lou Ann. "Paul doesn't have many friends，so Rebel doesn't just guide him a traces.They also spend time together，" she said，telling jokes. "Paul is grateful for his young guide's direction." "Rebel directs me whether there's a ditch （沟）or there are hills，who encourages me to run faster." Paul said.
In honor of their partnership，West Fork High School wrote a post on Facebook.Posting on Oct.6，2021，after a 5 K race at Chile Pepper where the boys achieved a personal record of 21 minutes，school representatives explained， "Rebel Hays has been helping Paul all season long.He is a promising runner，but more importantly，he has a huge heart!Thank you，Rebel!Thank you a lot!"
According to Mile Split Arkansas，Paul said that his goal this year was to break 21 minutes；however，they missed it at Chile Pepper but achieved it at Yan Buren Pointer Classic，finishing with a time of 20：59：44.With the help and direction from Rebel，Paul finished 59th out of 135 runners in the 3 A boys race at the state Meet in Hot Springs in early November.Paul still has one more year of eligibility （资格） for cross-country and has now set a new goal of under 20 minutes.
4.What did Rebel do as a guide runner to help Paul？______
A. He competed with Paul to break records.
B. He inspired Paul to make many headlines.
C. He directed Paul at different races.
D. He volunteered to tell jokes to Paul.
5.Which of the following best describes Rebel？______
A. Creative.
B. Confident.
C. Ambitious.
D. Enthusiastic.
6.Why did West Fork High School write a post on Facebook？______
A. To claim Rebel to be promising.
B. To express appreciation to Rebel.
C. To draw public attention to Rebel.
D. To introduce Rebel's achievements.
7.What is Paul's plan for the following year？______
A. Taking part in a 5 K race at Chile Pepper.
B. Directing others to finish the 3 A boys race.
C. Breaking the record of twenty minutes.
D. Getting the qualification for cross-country.
C
Solving the mystery of the Loch Ness Monster would be considered as a good deed，right？On that basis，a webcam（网络摄像头） has been setup overlooking the lake.Anyone can tune in at any time.If you see something suspicious，you simply click the "snapshot" （快拍） button to submit a picture for further analysis.It is free，easy，and you can do it for as little or as long as you like，with no login or signup required.What you are doing is micro-volunteering，which offers volunteers a series of easy tasks that can be done anytime，anywhere，on their own terms.
Micro-volunteering could involve anything from retweeting a message to joining a flash mob（快闪）.Volunteers don't need to go through an application or training process，or to make any ongoing commitment.The vast majority of micro-volunteering takes place online，but it doesn't have to.Weeding a garden in a local community center counts just as much.
The key benefit of micro-volunteering is its flexibility.People frequently cite their lack of time as the biggest barrier to volunteering.For many，micro-volunteering removes the need to worry about making long-term commitments
once they start volunteering.It enables people who might lose interest in traditional ways of volunteering to participate.
To some extent，micro-volunteering is an approach that aims to help lots of people come together to make a difference.It could take a while to see its impacts.Studies，however，have shown that 65 percent of those who have micro-volunteered are still actively doing so one year later.Even though micro-volunteering cannot replace long-term commitments，it serves as complement（补充）to the more traditional methods of promoting good causes.
8.Why does the author mention the Loch Ness Monster in paragraph 1？______
A. To illustrate a famous monster film.
B. To introduce a new way to volunteer.
C. To tell more information of the monster.
D. To offer readers a series of volunteer tasks.
9.What's the advantage of micro-volunteering？______
A. It's available only online.
B. Volunteers need receive training.
C. It's flexible and time-wise.
D. It needs long-term commitments.
10.What can people expect of micro-volunteering in the future？______
A. It could take the place of traditional volunteering.
B. It might have a great influence on the world at once.
C. It can make people have more ongoing commitments.
D. It may offer more chances for people to make a difference.
11.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？______
A. Barriers to promoting good causes
B. A wonderful complement to volunteering
C. Reflections on traditional ways of volunteering
D. An answer to the mystery of the Loch Ness Monster
D
How far back does your family tree go A hundred years？A thousand years？What about 6 to 7 million years？An ancient skull （颅骨） found in Africa suggests that the human family might be that old.Discovered in 2001 in the desert of Chad，the skull was nicknamed Toumai by scientists.Toumai is a rare find.The skull is nearly
complete and it even includes a few teeth.The Toumai skull is estimated to be between 6 and 7 million years
old.Scientists are debating whether the skull is linked to humans.
The finding is not without controversy.Some scientists think that Toumai is the oldest known hominid （人科），or primitive human ancestor，ever found.Others say Toumai is an ape.Most hominids that scientists are aware of lived millions of years after Toumai.The most famous one is called Lucy.She lived in Ethiopia about 3.5 million years ago.While Lucy's face looked like the face of a chimpanzee，Toumai's skull has both human and ape-like features.Because Toumai's skull looks different from other hominid skulls，some scientists think Toumai represents a whole new species.
Scientists were surprised to find a human-like face on a skull as old as Toumai's.They thought hominids turned into humans step by step over time.Scientists marked those changes on a timeline starting with a chimpanzee-like ancestor and ending with modern humans.Toumai's human-like face and chimp-sized brain suggest that the development of hominids was not so simple.There may not be a direct line leading from Toumai to Lucy to
us.Instead，the timeline might be like a tree with lots of branches.Different species in different places could have evolved human-like features at different times.
Scientists aren't sure where exactly Toumai belongs on our family tree.Toumai could be like a great-great grandfather---or just a distant cousin.Toumai could also be one of many types of hominids who wandered Earth millions of years ago.
12.What can be inferred about the skull found in Africa？______
A. It is connected with humans.
B. It was named after a scientist.
C. It may be the oldest chimpanzee.
D. It is almost complete and unusual.
13.What does the underlined word "controversy" in paragraph 3 mean？______
A. Promotion.
B. Cooperation.
C. Argument.
D. Prospect.
14.How could hominids evolve into humans according to scientists？______
A. They evolved in various ways.
B. They developed like a tree with branches.
C. They followed a direct line from Lucy to us.
D. They had similar features in different places.
15.What is the main idea of the text？______
A. Toumai is probably the primitive human ancestor.
B. A skull has an ape-like face and a human-like brain.
C. How does Toumai skull fit into the human family tree
D. How did a species evolve human-like features over time
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。

Waking up is hard at the best of times，but on dark winter mornings it's especially tough.Follow the following advice to make the winter wakeup a little more bearable.
Wake up naturally
Admittedly，this might be tough for commuters（通勤人员），but for those who work from home or who are retired，it is a different story.（1）______ A 2022 survey of over 1，000 employees by sleep health website Each Night found that people who woke up naturally felt fully awake more quickly than their counterparts who used an alarm.They were also more likely to have a positive outlook.
（ 2）______
Cortisol（皮质醇）—your body's main stress hormone-levels are higher when you wake up，giving us a natural energy boost.Save the caffeine kick until after your morning walk you're more likely to need it.
See the light
Don't be tempted to lie in bed in the morning，but get out of the house and into the sunlight as soon as possible after waking up.（3）______ The fresh air，physical exercise and the mood boost you get from nature will enhance your sense of wellbeing.
Get moving—but gently
（ 4）______ It is because our body stiffens up as we sleep.Then a few stretches matter after waking.Move for 30 minutes first to get blood flowing round your body and your muscles stretching safely.
Have a cold shower
It's widely believed that do using yourself with chilly water on a chilly day might not be that appealing，but it could really liven you up in the morning.Let it run cold for a minute and then take the rest of your shower at your usual toasty temperature，or start warm and turn the water to cold at the end.Many people think it's simply crazy to do this.（5）______
A.Delay your coffee.
B.Quit coffee and workout.
C.They may have difficulty waking up naturally.
D.Retiring the alarm clock helps make a better start to the day.
E.Loosening up in the morning helps get you ready for the day ahead.
F.This will help you feel alert during the day and promote sleepiness at bedtime.
G.In all honesty，you have to put some effort into your morning prep，but it's worth it.
16.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F
G. G
17.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F
G. G
18.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F
G. G
19.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F
G. G
20.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F
G. G
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。

It was hard not to notice the 8-year-old boy across the street who stormed in and out of his own house.He did it so often that a neighbor，William Dunn，（1）______ what was going on in his life.So Dunn asked him.
"He told me that he didn't have a father，" says Dunn，now 58， "and I（2）______ there might be something I could do for him."
That something was fishing，a （3）______ Dunn's father had shared with him. "Fishing always brought me peace and taught me how to be （4）______ .When you're on the water，you can forget about your problems and just （5）______ the moment，" Dunn，who has three children of his own，got（6）______ from the boy's mother to take him fishing.
One Saturday afternoon on the water led to another，and soon he was teaching other kids in their （7）______ how to rig a line，hold a pole，and reel in a big catch.That was 16 years ago.
Since then，Dunn has taken groups of kids out almost every weekend to fish.Most didn't have father （8）
______ in their lives and had never fished before.Some were adopted kids who had（9）______ from one home
to the next.
"They'd been through a lot，and they'd seen a lot，and their lives were （10）______，" Dunn says. "But when they were fishing，all of that （11）______ .They'd be laughing and smiling and making new friends out on the （12）______ .I knew I was on to something."
In the beginning，Dunn—"Big Will" to the kids—spent a good chunk of his （13）______ from his job renting boats for the kids.Then，in 2018，he（14）______ the nonprofit Take a Kid Fishing Inc.He and a small group of volunteers have introduced more than 2，500 kids—most without fathers around—to the inner （15）______ found on the water and the excitement of catching a fish.
21.A. wondered B. imagined C. claimed D. witnessed
22.A. hesitated B. remembered C. realized D. researched
23.A. job B. passion C. culture D. challenge
24.A. reasonable B. energetic C. considerate D. patient
25.A. recommend B. appreciate C. analyse D. ignore
26.A. instruction B. permission C. explanation D. preparation
27.A. neighborhood B. family C. school D. group
28.A. opinions B. styles C. figures D. dreams
29.A. argued B. worked C. escaped D. moved
30.A. difficult B. inspiring C. familiar D. funny
31.A. gave off B. ended up C. faded away D. followed in
32.A. risk B. picture C. training D. boat
33.A. moment B. discovery C. paycheck D. wisdom
34.A. founded B. changed C. bought D. filmed
35.A. worry B. peace C. sorrow D. honor
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。

36.The record of the（1）______（tall） tree in Asia has been refreshed this week，as a team of Chinese researchers announced （2）______（recent） that they discovered a giant cypress（柏树）measuring 102.3 meters in Tibet.
The record-breaking high tree，called Cupressus torulosa（西藏柏木），（3）______（find） at the national nature reserve of the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon in Bome county，Nyingchi city，during a scientific investigation led by Peking University in May.
（ 4）______（use） drones and laser radar to map the local cypress aggregation area，the team members confirmed the（5）______（present） of the 102.3-meter tree.Besides，they detected a large number of trees over 85 meters high，including 25 over 90 meters.The findings have also contributed（6）______ the region having the highest density of giant trees in China and Asia after precision measurement，said Ren Yu，（7）
______ is a team member from Peking University.
Mainly distributed in southeastern Tibet，Cupressus，torulosa has a narrow distribution area and（8）______ small population.Therefore，it has been listed （9）______ a national first-class protected plant.
The previous China tree height record（10）______（hold） was an evergreen fir（常绿冷杉） measured at 83.4 meters by scientists in Tibet last year.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共40分。

37.假定你是李华，你校将在下周末举办Live a Green Life英语演讲比赛。

请写封邮件邀请外教Smith来担任评委，内容包括：
（1）发出邀请；
（2）介绍活动（时间、地点等）；
（3）寻求建议。

注意：
（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Smith，
______
Yours sincerely， Li Hua
38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Teaching is a constant process of upgrade，where every moment you learn new things，not only as a teacher，but also as a human being.
At the start of my career，I believe I should come across to my students as a "no-nonsense" type of person.My entire focus was towards maintaining classroom discipline （纪律） .It was tough.Most of my Indian students were from a rural background.They would intentionally use vocabulary that sounded Greek to me.They did all in their power to make me feel like a fish out of water.
My last lecture ended at 3：30 in the afternoon.Some of the students approached me begging to let them leave 15 minutes early as they had a bus to catch.My permission resulted in a stir and restlessness as half of the class stood up to leave.They all had buses to catch!Unable to distinguish between the genuine ones and those faking it，I put a ban on anybody leaving before time.
One evening，I spotted three boys from my last class at the bus stop.I called out， "You constantly blame me for not allowing you to leave early because you have a bus to catch and here you are still hanging around at 5 pm!" One of the boys replied respectfully and humbly， "Madam，the bus leaves at 3：30.If we leave the class at 3：15，we are able to make it.In case we miss it，the next bus to our village comes after two hours.Now we are waiting for it.At this hour，the bus will be overloaded and we will not even get a Seat."
注意：（1）续写词数应为80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

I invited them to get into my car.
__________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、B、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。

根据文章第三行的Today's teens are no longer having face-to-
face interactions with others.Presented with an unfamiliar social situation，
they may feel uncomfortable and choose to avoid socializing.Our two-
day workshop will give them a solid foundation of manners as well as help prepare your teen for the many new soci al and business situations in adult life（如今的青少年不再与他人面对面交流。

面对陌生的社交环境，他们可能会感到不舒服，并选择避免社交。

我们为期两天的研讨会将为他们奠定坚实的礼貌基础，并帮助您的青少年为成年生活中的许多新的社交和商业环境做好准备），可知为期两天的研讨会的主要目的是鼓励青少年与他人互动。

故选D。

（2）细节理解题。

根据Day Two部分的Dining Manners（餐桌礼仪）可知，青少年在第二天会学到餐桌礼仪。

故选B。

（3）文章出处题。

通读全文，可知本文介绍了一个培养13至18岁青少年礼仪的研讨会；特别是根据最后一段的
Invite a friend to apply for the workshop and you can receive a ＄10.00 credit toward your course fee.If you are int erested in joining the two-day workshop，fill out our application form online（邀请朋友申请研讨会，您可以获得10.00美元的课程费积分。

如果您有兴趣参加为期两天的研讨会，请在线填写我们的申请表），可知本文取自一则广告。

故选D。

这是一篇应用文。

作者介绍了一个培养13至18岁青少年礼仪的研讨会。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

4~7.【答案】C、D、B、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。

根据文章第一段The selfless student is a guide runner for a blind autistic （患自闭的） teen who needs a helping hand on the cross-country track.（这位无私的学生是一名盲人、自闭症青少年的导跑员，这位青少年在越野赛道上需要帮助）和第三段Paul doesn't have many friends，so Rebel doesn't just guide him at races.（保罗的朋友不多，所以瑞贝尔不仅在比赛中指导他）可知，瑞贝尔作为一名导跑员，帮助指导保罗参加不同的比赛，故选C。

（2）推理判断题。

根据文章第三段Paul doesn't have many friends，so Rebel doesn't just guide him a
traces.They also spend time together（保罗的朋友不多，所以Rebel不仅在比赛中指导他，他们还一起度过时光，）可知，Rebel对保罗提供热情的帮助，说明他是热情的人，故选D。

（3）推理判断题，根据文章倒数第二段In honor of their partnership，West Fork High School wrote a post on Facebook.（为了纪念他们的合作关系，西福克高中在Facebook上发表了一篇帖子）和Rebel Hays has been helping Paul all season long.He is a promising runner，but even more importantly，he has a huge heart!Thank you，Rebel!Thank you a lot!（整季，Rebel Hays一直在助保罗。

他是一名有前途的跑步运动员，但更重要的是，他有一颗巨大的心!谢谢你，Rebel!非常感谢你!）可知，西福克高中在脸书上写了一篇帖子为了向Rebel表示感谢，故选B。

（4）细节理解题。

根据最后一段Paul still has one more year of eligibility （资格） for cross-country and has now set a new goal of under 20 minutes.（保罗还有一年的越野资格，现在他设定了20分钟以内的新目标。

）可知，保罗来年的目标是打破20分钟，故选C。

这是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了盲人自闭症学生保罗在导跑员Rebel的帮助下在多项比赛中取得胜利，保罗很感激他的指引。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

8~11.【答案】B、C、D、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。

根据第一自然段Solving the mystery of the Loch Ness Monster would be considered as a good deed，right？On that basis，a webcam（网络摄像头） has been setup overlooking the lake …What you are doing is micro-volunteering（解开尼斯湖水怪之谜会被认为是一件好事，对吧？在此基础上，安装了一个可以俯瞰湖面的网络摄像头……你正在做的是微志愿服务，）可知，作者在第一段提到尼斯湖水怪是为了引出微志愿服务这种新的志愿服务方式。

故选B。

（2）细节理解题。

根据第三自然段The key benefit of micro-volunteering is its flexibility.People frequently cite their lack of time as the biggest barrier to volunteering.For many，micro-volunteering removes the need to worry about making long-term commitments once they start volunteering. （微志愿服务的主要好处是其灵活性。

人们经常说他们没有时间是志愿服务的最大障碍。

对许多人来说，微型志愿服务消除了他们开始志愿服务后对做出长期承诺的担忧。

）可知，微志愿服务的优势是它具有灵活性和时间优势。

故选C。

（3）细节理解题。

根据最后一段To some extent，micro-volunteering is an approach that aims to help lots of people come together to make a difference…Even though micro-volunteering cannot replace long-term commitments，it serves as complement（补充）to the more traditional methods of promoting good causes. （在某种程度上，微志愿服务是一种旨在帮助许多人团结起来有所作为的方法……尽管微志愿服务不能取代长
期承诺，但它是对促进公益事业的更传统方法的补充。

）可知，未来微志愿服务可能为人们提供更多有所作为的机会。

说明人们期待未来的微志愿服务可以为人们提供更多的机会，让他们有所作为。

故选D。

（4）标题归纳题。

根据第一自然段What you are doing is micro-volunteering，which offers volunteers a series of easy tasks that can be done anytime，anywhere，on their own terms. （你正在做的是微志愿服务，它为志愿者提供了一系列简单的任务，可以随时随地按照自己的意愿完成。

）以及最后一段Even though micro-volunteering cannot replace long-term commitments，it serves as complement（补充）to the more traditional methods of promoting good causes. （尽管微志愿服务不能取代长期承诺，但它是对促进公益事业的更传统方法的补充。

）可知，本文主要介绍了微志愿服务这种新型的志愿服务方式，它是传统志愿服务的补充，具有灵活性和时间优势。

B项"A wonderful complement to volunteering （志愿服务的绝佳补充）"最能概括本文主旨。

A．Barriers to promoting good causes促进公益事业的障碍；
B．A wonderful complement to volunteering志愿服务的绝佳补充；
C．Reflections on traditional ways of volunteering对传统志愿服务方式的反思；
D．An answer to the mystery of the Loch Ness Monster尼斯湖水怪之谜的答案。

故选B。

本文是一篇说明文。

主要介绍了微志愿服务这种新型的志愿服务方式。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。

阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。

其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。

此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。

要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。

推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。

它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认
识较多的课外词汇。

我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

12~15.【答案】D、C、C、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。

根据第二段Toumai is a rare find.The skull is nearly complete and it even includes a few teeth.The Toumai skull is estimated to be between 6 and 7 million years old.Scientists are debating whether the skull is linked to humans. （Toumai是一个罕见的发现。

头骨几乎完整；它甚至包括几颗牙齿。

据估计，Toumai头骨的历史在600万到700万年之间。

科学家们正在争论这个头骨是否与人类有关。

）可知，在非洲发现的Toumai头骨几乎是完整的，而且极不寻常。

故选D。

（2）词句猜测题。

根据第三段Some scientists think that Toumai is the oldest known hominid （人科），or primitive human ancestor，ever found.Others say Toumai is an ape.（一些科学家认为，Toumai是迄今为止发现的已知最古老的原始人或原始人类祖先。

也有人说图迈是一只猿猴。

）可知，这一发现并不是没有"争议"，是对划线词所在句The finding is not without controversy. （这一发现并非没有___。

）的说明，controversy与argument同义，意为"争议"。

A.Promotion推广；B.Cooperation合作；C.Argument争议；D.Prospect前景。

故选C。

（3）推理判断题。

根据第四段They thought hominids turned into humans step by step overtime.Scientists marked those changes on a timeline starting with a chimpanzee-like ancestor and ending with modern humans.（他们认为原始人随着时间的推移一步步变成了人类。

科学家们在一个时间轴上标记了这些变化，从类似黑猩猩的祖先开始，到现代人类结束。

）可知，科学家认为人类进化是线性的，是按照从类人猿露西到我们现代人这样一条线进化的。

故选C。

（4）主旨大意题。

根据第一段How far back does your family tree go？A hundred years？A thousand years？What about 6 to 7 million years？（你的族谱可以追溯到多久以前？一百年？一千年？那六七百万年呢？）第二段An ancient skull （颅骨） found in Africa suggests that the human family might be that old.Discovered in 2001 in the desert of Chad，the skull was nicknamed Toumai by scientists.（在非洲发现的一个古老头骨表明，人类家族可能有那么古老。

该头骨于2001年在乍得的沙漠中被发现，科学家们给它起了个绰号叫Toumai。

）以及最后一段中"Toumai could be like a great-great grandfather or just a distant cousin.Toumai could also be one of many types of hominids who wandered Earth millions of years ago.（Toumai可能是一位曾曾祖父，也可能只是一位远房表亲。

图迈也可能是数百万年前在地球上漫游的多种原始人之一。

）可知，本文主要介绍了科学家在乍得沙漠中发现的远古的人类祖先Toumai，故选A。

本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家在乍得沙漠中发现远古的人类祖先Toumai，但无法确定Toumai属于人类族谱的哪个位置，它的发现挑战了科学家现有的对人类进化的想法和理论。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

16~20.【答案】D、A、F、E、G
【解析】（1）推理判断题。

根据上文Admittedly，this might be tough for commuters（通勤人员），but for those who work from home or who are retired，it is a different story.（诚然，这对通勤者来说可能很艰难，但对于那些在家工作或退休的人来说，情况就不同了。

）可知，下文介绍的情况与通勤者的做法相反。

根据本段小标题Wake up naturally （自然醒来），可知，本段主要介绍要自然醒。

D项"取消闹钟有助于更好地开始新的一天。

"符合语境，故选D项。

（2）段落标题题。

空格处为本段主旨句。

根据下文Save the caffeine kick until after your morning walk
you're more likely to need it.（把咖啡因的摄入留到早上散步后你更需要的时候。

）可知，本段主要介绍要推迟咖啡因的摄入。

A项"推迟喝咖啡。

"能概括本段主旨，故选A项。

（3）联系上文题。

根据上文Don't be tempted to lie in bed in the morning，but get out of the house and into the sunlight as soon as possible after waking up.（早上不要躺在床上，而是在醒来后尽快走出家门，沐浴在阳光下。

）可知，上文介绍早上起床后要尽快走出家门，沐浴在阳光下。

F项"这将帮助你在白天保持清醒，并促进睡前困倦。

"补充说明这一做法的好处，故选F项。

（4）推理判断题。

根据本段小标题Get moving—but gently（起床---但是要轻柔）可知，本段主要建议要轻柔地运动。

根据下文It is because our body stiffens up as we sleep.Then a few stretches matter after waking. （这是因为我们睡觉时身体变硬了。

醒来后会有几次拉伸。

）可知，上下文是因果关系。

E项"早上放松有助于为新的一天做好准备。

"符合语境，故选E项。

（5）联系上文题。

设空处在段尾。

根据上文Many people think it's simply crazy to do this. （很多人认为这样做简直太疯狂了。

）可知，上文讲到很多人认为洗冷水澡很疯狂，下文应转折，这样做是值得的。

G项"老实说，你必须在早上的准备工作中付出一些努力，但这是值得的。

"承接上文，符合语境，故选G项。

本文是一篇说明文。

主要介绍了一些让冬天的起床变得更容易忍受的建议。

关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。

通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。

不同位置的句子有不同的特征。

步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。

步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。

步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。

步骤五：区分相似项。

21~35.【答案】A、C、B、D、B、B、A、C、D、A、C、D、C、A、B
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。

A.wondered想知道；B.imagined想象；C.claimed声称；D.witnessed 目睹。

句意：他经常这样做，以至于邻居威廉•邓恩想知道他生活中发生了什么。

根据下文"So Dunn asked him."可知，邓恩想知道男孩生活中发生了什么。

故选A。

（2）考查动词及语境理解。

A.hesitated犹豫；B.remembered记得；C.realized意识到；D.researched研究。

句意：现年58岁的邓恩说："他告诉我，他没有父亲，我意识到我可能会为他做点什么。

"根据下文"That something was fishing，a（3）Dunn's father had shared with him."可知，当得知这个男孩没有爸爸时，邓恩意识到可能会为他做点什么。

故选C。

（3）考查名词及语境理解。

A.job工作；B.passion热情；C.culture文化；D.challenge挑战。

句意：邓恩的父亲曾和他分享过钓鱼的热情。

根据下文"Fishing always brought me peace and taught me how to be
（4）.When you're on the water，you can forget about your problems and just（5）the moment."（钓鱼总是给我带来平静，教会我如何保持耐心。

"当你在水上时，你可以忘记自己的问题，只感激这一刻）可知，钓鱼是邓恩热爱做的事情。

故选B。

（4）考查形容词及语境理解。

A.reasonable合理的；B.energetic精力充沛的；C.considerate体贴的；
D.patient耐心的。

句意：钓鱼总是给我带来平静，教会我如何保持耐心。

根据上文"Fishing always brought me peace"以及常识可知，钓鱼给他带来平静，教会他如何保持耐心。

故选D。

（5）考查动词及语境理解。

A.recommend推荐，建议；B.appreciate欣赏，感激；C.analyse分析；D.ignore 忽视。

句意："当你在水上时，你可以忘记自己的问题，只感激这一刻，"邓恩有三个孩子，他得到了男孩母亲的许可，带他去钓鱼。

根据上文"you can forget about your problems"可知，钓鱼时，你可以忘记自己的问题，只专注于此刻，感激此刻。

故选B。

（6）考查名词及语境理解。

A.instruction指示；B.permission允许；C.explanation解释；D.preparation准备。

句意："当你在水上时，你可以忘记自己的问题，只感激这一刻，"邓恩有三个孩子，他得到了男孩母亲的许可，带他去钓鱼。

根据下文"from the boy's mother to take him fishing"可知，邓恩得到了男孩母亲的许可，带他去钓鱼。

故选B。

（7）考查名词及语境理解。

A.neighborhood街区；B.family家庭；C.school学校；D.group小组。

句意：很快，他就开始教附近的其他孩子如何系好绳子，拿着杆子，然后把钓到的大鱼卷起来。

根据下文"Since then，Dunn has taken groups of kids out almost every weekend to fish."可知，他教的是附近的孩子。

故选A。

（8）考查名词及语境理解。

A.opinions看法；B.styles风格；C.figures人物，形象；D.dreams梦想。

句意：大多数人的生活中没有父亲的形象，以前也从未钓鱼。

根据下文"He and a small group of volunteers have introduced more than 2，500 kids—most without fathers around"可知，这些孩子中大多数缺乏父亲的角。