2021年北京中考英语冲刺-回答问题类阅读理解专项练习(有答案)

2021年北京中考冲刺-回答问题类阅读理解专项练习
（一）
We need to be responsible for our environment. Being a frugal consumer(节俭的消费者) is one way to help. But, what exactly does that mean?
Use It Up
You can use things up instead of wasting them. Squeeze that last bit of toothpaste out of the tube. Use the last little piece of soap. Don't throw away any bits of the biscuit at the bottom of the box.
Wear It Out
You do not always need to have new things. Suppose your sneakers have broken laces, but they still fit you. Repair them and wear them longer. You don't have the latest iPhone until the old one doesn't work anymore. Then you can get a new one. Think twice before replacing something that still works.
Make It Do
When something you want is not on hand, look for something else that you already have to take its place. Suppose you are packing your lunch for tomorrow and want a butter sandwich. You are out of butter. Have a cheese sandwich instead so that you can use all of the cheese. Learn to fix broken toys instead of just throwing them away. With a little thought, you can make something do, instead of buying something new.
Do Without
Think about all those things that you would like to have. Do you really need them? How long will you really play with that new toy you saw on TV? Making the things that we want uses up your world's resources(资源). And, getting rid of the things we don't want any more takes up even more resources and space.
1.Do we need to be responsible for our environment?
2.How do we deal with the last little piece of soap?
3.When do we need to get a new iPhone?
4.What should we do when something we want is not on hand？
5.What does the writer want to tell us?
Keys:
1.Yes.
e the last little piece of soap/ Use it.
3.The old one doesn't work anymore
4.Look for something else that you already have to take its place.
5.What we should do to be a frugal consumer , in order to be responsible for our environment.
（三）
This 12-year-old Girl Built a Robot to Find Plastics in the Ocean
Anna Du was walking along the beach when she noticed plastics there. She reached down to pick them up, and quickly realized there were many more tiny pieces than she could deal with. It seemed impossible to clean them all up.
Du, 12 years old at the time, tried to solve the problem like any good scientist—first, by doing a little research. That’s how she learned that 8 million tons of plastics end up in the oceans every year.
Then she got to work building something that could help solve the problem; a
remote-operated vehicle(遥控潜水器), or ROV. Her ROV can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor.
The actually cool part of Du’s ROV is the detection(探测) system. She uses a camera along with three different kinds of light to find the plastics. She also uses visible(可见的) light to find unnatural colors that might make the plastics stand out.
“She has a very good engineering sense to break down a problem like this and then go after it,” says engineer Casey Machado. “It sounds simple, but it’s a level of thinking that’s really amazing. ”
Du started attending public events and workshops at a university when she was five years old, and so she picked up the engineering skills necessary to build her ROV. She says actually getting her ROV to move through water well was not easy. She failed many times, but she never gave up trying and testing.
When asked about future plans, she mentions wanting to address the effects of climate(气候) change. “I think there are a lot of problems that could be solved with new inventions,” says Du.
Du thanks her parents, who for years have taken her to student outreach activities, for supporting her interest in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM). She says she has
been able to meet students and scientists there.
“I know I want to be an engineer because I like building things to help solve world problems,” says Du. “But I’m not sure what kind of engineer I want to be yet.”
1．What did Anna Du notice while walking along the beach?
2．How old was Du when she did a little research to solve the problem?
3．What can Du’s ROV do?
4．Why does Du want to be an engineer in the future?
5．What made Du succeed in building her ROV?
Keys:
1.She noticed plastics.
2．At the age of 12. / When she was 12 years old.
3．It can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor.
4．Because she likes building things to help solve world problems.
5．Her good engineering sense to break down a problem, the engineering skills necessary to build it, her persistence(not giving up) and her parents' support.（另外答出the careful observation, the awareness of protecting the oceans也可酌情给分）
（四）
Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than Expected
Ice covers much of the Arctic Ocean（北冰洋）. Some pieces of ice are huge, like moving islands. As temperatures have increased, however, some of the ice has begun to disappear. Scientists have discovered huge waves（海浪）in the arctic waters.
The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010. Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.
On May 2, the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice around 50 miles from the small island of Hopen. Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto the Ice.
"We were ready to go but when I went out, I discovered many cracks（裂缝）around," he remembers.
He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe. The farther in they went, he thought, the harder the ice would become. As they pushed forward, however, the ship experienced small waves, and then bigger ones. Soon, the waves broke up the ice around the ship into
thousands of smaller pieces．
Within an hour, Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high. The ship's navigation（航行）system finally recorded the largest waves. They were more than 20 feet in height. The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down, breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour. Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast. The waves in these areas used to be small.
The speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know in advance when they are coming. That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them. Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger.
Some scientists think people will soon see even bigger waves in these icy waters. As waves break up ice, the seas will become more open, and the waves will get even stronger. There are stormy times ahead.
1.When did Marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arctic waters?
2.Why did Marchenko and his students set out on the trip?
3.What did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe?
4.How high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system?
5.What is Paragraph 7 mainly about?
Keys:
1.In May.2010.
2.Because they wanted to study the icy waters.
3.He moved the ship deeper into the ice.
4.More than 20 feet.
5.The damage of the huge waters to people and wildlife in Arctic.
（五）
When it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework, you might notice that there is no letter E. Have you ever thought about why that is so?
In the A, B, C, D and F grading system, the first four letters are typically considered passing grades. An F in this system simply stands for“fail”.The word“fail”happens to start with the letter F, which seems to leave out the letter E. The fact”．Some schools have U grade for“unsatisfactory”,or
I grade for “incomplete”.
Even with all this said, we should also point out that E grade actually has been
used pretty commonly throughout the history of letter grades in the US.
The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College. In 1897,they began to use the following grading scale:
A: 95-100%(excellent) B: 85-94%(good) C: 76-84%(fair)
D: 75%(barely passed) E: below 75%(failed)
We can see the inclusion of E instead of F.
Gradually,the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US. However, many schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to F.There is no evidence(证据) to really support this,but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”.
Why do we have letter grades? Well,part of the reason is that they made grading simpler during a time of great change for schools. As the 20th century began,growing cities and an increase in immigration led to larger school classrooms. Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy,fair and clear way to grade students.
Today,more and more people argue that letter grades don’t fully reflect(反映) student learning。

However，as teachers try to improve grading methods,many parents continue to favor the letter grades they got as kids, they are familiar(熟悉) and easy for parents to understand. So while they might not be perfect, the letter grades probably aren’t going away any time soon.
1．what does an F stand for in the A、B、C、D and F grading system?
2．when was the letter grading system first used in the US college?
3．what is one possible explanation for dropping the E grade?
4．what did most teachers think of the letter grading system in the 20th century?
5．why do many parents still prefer the letter grades today?
Keys:
1．It stands for “fail”
2．In 1897
3．Teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”4．They thought this new letter grading system was an easy fair and clear way to grade students
5．Because the letter grades are familiar and easy for parents to understand
（六）
What’s in a Name?
Many American names come from England. But where did most English names come from?
Centuries ago, most people in England had only one name-- their first name. In the 11th century, five or six of the 50 people in a village might be named William, and it was easy to get confused. But in the Middle Ages, people found a way to describe each person exactly. If there were four Williams in one village, one might be referred to as William the son of John. A second might be called William from the hill. A third,William the blacksmith（铁匠）. And a fourth, William the brown haired. In conversation, people might refer to the four Williams as William John’s son, William hill, William smith, and William brown.
It was 300 or 400 years before the extra （附加的）names gradually developed into last names, or surnames. They were passed on from generation to generation. By the 1300s, Robert, the son of William smith, had the name Robert smith, even if he was not a blacksmith like his father. As the last name became widely accepted, the first letter was capitalized, as in Robert Smith. By the 15th century, most people of the upper and middle classes had surnames.Many surnames were based on father-son relations. The “son of” part was added to the father’s firstname, like Johnson, meaning John’s son. Sometimes it was shortened to just “s”, as in Jones or Evans.Surnames like Hill described the place where a person lived. They are the most common type of surname. A third kind of surname was based on a person’s job. Forester was someone who looked after the forest. In the Middle Ages, occupation names such as Baker, Carpenter, and Miller became common. The fourth kind of surname was nickname（绰号）. A man whose surname was Bear might be as fierce as a bear.
Have you ever wondered why some surnames are so common? The most common surname in the English language is Smith. Being able to make metals（金属）into tools was an important skill in the Middle Ages, and many people were trained as blacksmiths. The most common American surnames are Smith,Johnson, William and Brown.
1．Where do many American names come from?
2．When did people find a way to describe each person exactly?
3．How long did it take for extra names to develop into last names?
4．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?
5．Why were many people trained blacksmith in the Middle Ages?
Keys:
1.England
2.In the middle ages.
3.300 or 400 years.
4.Many surnames were based on father—son relations.
5.Because being able to make metals into tools was an important skill in the Middle Ages.
（七）
Camping in your backyard is full of fun, whatever your age. It's great for keeping us relaxed. It offers chances to check the night sky and to be noisier than usual. It lets us have friends over to stay who might not fit inside the house! Follow these instructions and you'll have a night you’ll never forget!
Put up your tent.
Depending on the number of family members and guests, you may need more than one tent. Tell your friends to bring their tents if needed. Follow the instructions or check out the articles on how to put up a tent on the Internet.
Prepare your bedding.
You'II want your guests to be able to relax in comfort. Put something soft to lie on on the floor: A blow-up air mattress or thick comforters may work well. Fill the tent with soft toys and blankets (毯子). Have lightweight sleeping bags or cotton blankets. They are especially important if you live where the night temperatures drop greatly.
Prepare a seating area.
If you have a picnic table, that would work best. If not, set up a few chairs and a small table to set out drinks and food. A simple choice is to lay out a blanket in the sun, so that your friends can eat and talk. Be sure the grass isn 't wet!
Make memories.
Plan some activities. You're camping in the backyard, so it's time to make the most of being outdoors.
Have a camera nearby to take silly photos of you, your family members, and your friends. Take one large group shot with everyone smiling and laughing. Be sure to make copies for everyone!
1．Is camping in the backyard great fun?
2．What can we do to help relax our guests?
3．What is a simple choice to prepare a seating area?
4．How do we make memories?
5．What is the passage mainly about?
Keys:
1．Yes.
2．Put something soft to lie on on the floor.
3．A simple choice is to lay out a blanket in the sun.
4．By taking photos of us, our family members and friends.
5．What fun of camping is and how we have a great camping.。